Difference between revisions of "Language/French/Culture/French-Major-Historical-Dates"
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<div style="font-size:300%"> French Major Historical Dates</div> | |||
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Revision as of 23:17, 4 December 2021
French Major Historical Dates
The Middle Age | |
481 | Clovis, crowned king of the Franks |
496 | Conversion of Clovis to Christianity |
511-751 | The Merovingian kings |
751 | The Carolingians: Pepin the Short, King of the Franks |
768 | Charlemagne, king of the Franks |
800 | Charlemagne, crowned emperor |
843 | Charles the Bald, King of Francia Occidentalis |
885 | The Vikings lay siege to Paris |
911 | Creation of the Duchy of Normandy |
987 | Hugues Capet, first king of the Capetian dynasty |
1066 | Conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy |
1095 | First crusade |
1154 | Henry II Plantagenêt, King of England |
1229 | Saint Louis crowned King of France |
1337 | Beginning of the Hundred Years' War |
1347-1349 | Black plague epidemic |
1420 | Treaty of Troyes, France is handed over to the King of England |
1412-1431 | Life of Joan of Arc |
1427 | Coronation of Charles VII in Reims |
1453 | End of the Hundred Years War |
The old regime | |
1495 | Beginning of the Italian wars |
1515 | François 1st, King of France |
1534 | Jacques Cartier in Canada |
1560 | Regency of Catherine de Medici |
1572 | Massacre of Protestants in Paris on Saint Bartholomew's Day |
1594 | Henry IV, King of France |
1598 | Edit of Nantes |
1610 | Assassination of Henri IV |
1617 | Louis XIII, King of France, assumes power after the regency of Marie de Medici |
1624 | Richelieu, adviser to the king |
1628 | Siege of La Rochelle, restrictions of the clauses of the Edict of Nantes |
1635 | Foundation of the French Academy by Richelieu |
1642 | Death of Richelieu |
1643 | Death of Louis XIII, regency of Anne of Austria |
1648 | Treaty of Westphalia |
1642 – 1652 | Revolts of the Fronde |
1652 | Beginning of the reign of Louis XIV |
1661 | Death of Mazarin, Louis XIV alone assumes power |
1685 | Revocation of the Edict of Nantes |
1714 | France concedes part of Canada to England |
1715 | Death of Louis XIV, regency of Philippe of Orleans |
1728 | Beginning of the reign of Louis XV |
1748 | The Spirit of the Laws of Montesquieu |
1751 | Beginning of publication of Diderot's Encyclopedia |
1756 | Essay on Mores and the Spirit of Nations by Voltaire |
1762 | The Social Contract, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
1763 | End of the Seven Years' War, France loses India and Canada |
1774 | Death of Louis XV, beginning of the reign of Louis XVI |
The revolution | |
1788 | Louis XVI convenes the States General |
1789 | June 20: Oath of the Jeu de Paume |
July 9: Constituent Assembly | |
July 14: Storming of the Bastille | |
August 26: declaration of human and citizen rights | |
1791 | June: Louis XVI is captured in Varennes in his attempt to flee the country |
1792 | April: declaration of war against Austria and Prussia, its ally |
August 10: the Convention replaces the Constituent Assembly, Louis XVI is deposed | |
September 10: victory of the revolutionary troops at Valmy | |
September 11: proclamation of the Republic | |
1793 | January 21: Louis XVI is executed |
May: start of the Terror | |
1794 | March-April: execution of the Hébertistes then the Indulgents, including Danton and Desmoulins. |
Robespierre takes the head of the Committee of Public Safety | |
August 27: execution of Robespierre and end of the Montagnard Convention | |
1795 | October: the Directory takes over from the Convention |
1796-1798 | Bonaparte's victorious military campaigns in Austria, Italy and Egypt |
1799 | November: Bonaparte's coup d'etat (18 Brumaire). |
The Consulate succeeds the Directory | |
The 19th century | |
1800 | Bonaparte appointed first consul |
1801 | Concordat |
1802 | Constitution of Year X: Bonaparte consul "for life" |
1804 | Civil Code, Banque de France |
Napoleon 1st, emperor | |
1805 | Defeat at Trafalgar; Victory at Austerlitz |
1808 | Beginning of the continental blockade against England |
1812 | Russian campaign |
1814 | Defeat of Leipzig, Napoleon deported to Elba Island |
Louis XVIII, King of France | |
1815 | The Hundred Days (March 20-June 20) |
Defeat at Waterloo; Napoleon exiled to Saint Helena | |
Beginning of the Restoration | |
1824 | Charles X, King of France |
1830 | Three Glorious Days (July 27, 28, 29) |
Louis Philippe, King of France, start of the July Monarchy | |
Capture of Algiers | |
1840 | Beginning of the Guizot ministry |
1848 | February 24: Abdication of Louis Philippe, proclamation of the Second Republic |
Universal suffrage (only for men) | |
November: Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, President of the Republic | |
1852 | Napoleon III, beginning of the Second Empire |
1857 | Conquest of Algeria |
1870 | Franco-Prussian War, Napoleon III prisoner in Sedan. |
Proclamation of the Third Republic (September 4) | |
1871 | February: Insurrection of the Paris Commune |
May 10: Treaty of Frankfurt, France loses Alsace and Lorraine | |
May 18: Crushing of the Municipality | |
1882 | Jules Ferry Ministry: Decree on free, secular and compulsory education from 6 to 13 years old |
1883 | Protectorate on Annam (Vietnam) |
1887 | Creation of French Indochina |
1898 | Dreyfus Affair: Zola publishes "I accuse! "In Aurora |
The twentieth century | |
1900 | Intervention of French troops against the Boxer uprising in China |
1905 | Separation of Church and State |
1913-1920 | Raymond Poincaré, President of the Republic |
1914 | Beginning of the First World War |
1916 | February-November: Battle of Verdun |
1918 | November 11: signing of the armistice |
1919 | Treaty of Versailles: Alsace and Lorraine returned to France |
1923 | First Poincaré Ministry (until 1924) |
Occupation of the Ruhr by French troops | |
1926-1929 | Second Poincaré Ministry |
1929 | Start of construction of the Maginot line between France and Germany |
1931 | Beginning of the economic recession (until 1935) |
1936 | Popular Front: Ministry of Léon Blum |
1938 | September: signature by President Daladier of the Munich Agreements |
1939 | Declaration of war on Germany |
1940 | May: Germany invades France north of the Maginot Line |
June 18: from London, call from General de Gaulle for French resistance | |
June 22: signature of the armistice by the Pétain government | |
July 11: proclamation of the Vichy government | |
October 24: Pétain meets Hitler in Montoire | |
1941 | First arrests of Jews |
1942 | November 11: the free zone in the south is invaded by the Germans |
1944 | June 6: Allied landing in Normandy |
August 15: Landing of Franco-American troops in Provence | |
August 25: Liberation of Paris | |
1945 | Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF), led by General de Gaulle: laws on the vote for women, nationalizations, creation of Social Security |
1946 | January: Resignation of General de Gaulle from the GPRF |
1951 | Creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), ancestor of the European Union |
1954 | May 7: Defeat of Diên Biên Phu, end of the French occupation in Indochina |
November 1: start of the Algerian war | |
1956 | Independence of Morocco and Tunisia |
1957 | Treaty of Rome: creation of the Economic and European Commission (EEC) |
1958 | June: de Gaulle returns to power following the Algerian crisis |
September: adoption of the new constitution of the Fifth Republic | |
December: de Gaulle is elected President of the Republic | |
1962 | Algeria’s independence following the Evian agreements |
1963 | De Gaulle opposes Britain's entry into the EEC |
Franco-German Treaty of Friendship | |
1966 | Withdrawal of France from NATO's military system |
1968 | May events |
1969 | April: resignation of General de Gaulle. |
Georges Pompidou is elected President of the Republic in June | |
1971 | François Mitterrand, first secretary of the Socialist Party (PS) |
1973 | First oil shock |
1974 | Valéry Giscard d´Estaing, President of the Republic. Jacques Chirac was Prime Minister until 1976 |
1979 | First elections to the European Parliament |
1981 | François Mitterrand, President of the Republic |
1986 | First cohabitation: Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister |
1988 | Re-election of François Mitterrand as President of the Republic |
1995 | Jacques Chirac, President of the Republic (reelected in 2002) |