Language/Multiple-languages/Grammar/Various-word-orders-in-various-languages
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This lesson is about word orders, which can be mainly divided into six types, with small differences inside each type. Here are some examples.
S means subject, O means object, V means verb.
SOV and SVO are the most popular, accounting for about 4/10 each.
There can be more than one order in a language, the listed are just the most common cases.
Note that some languages omit first person singular (and even other persons), then indicate the person with conjugation of verbs.
Example sentence 1 has a subject, a verb, a direct object.
Example sentence 2 has a subject, a verb, a direct object, an indirect object.
Example sentence 3 has a subject, a verb.
| SOV Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Japanese | 私は建物を見る。 | あなたは彼にペンを与えた。 | 彼女が行きます。 |
| Korean | 나는 건물을 본다. | 당신은 그에게 펜을 줬다. | 그녀가 갈거야 . |
| Persian | .من یک ساختمان را می بینم | .شما به او یک قلم دادید | .او خواهد رفت |
| Turkish | Bir bina görüyorum. | Ona bir kalem verdin. | O gidecek. |
| SVO Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Chinese Mandarin | 我看到一座建筑物。/我看到一座建築物。 | 你给他一支钢笔。/你給他一支鋼筆。 | 她会去。/她會去。 |
| Dutch | Ik zie een gebouw. | Je gaf hem een pen. | Ze zal gaan. |
| English | I see a building. | You gave him a pen. | She will go. |
| Esperanto | Mi vidas konstuaĵon. | Vi donis al li plumon. | Ŝi iros. |
| French | Je vois un bâtiment. | Vous lui avez donné un stylo. | Elle ira. |
| German | Ich sehe ein Gebäude. | Du gabst ihm einen Stift. | Sie wird gehen. |
| Greek | Βλέπω ένα κτίριο. | Του έδωσες ένα στυλό. | Θα πάει. |
| Italian | Vedo un edificio. | Gli hai dato una penna. | Lei andrà. |
| Polish | Widzę budynek. | Dałeś mu długopis. | Ona pójdzie. |
| Portugese | Eu vejo um prédio. | Você deu a ele uma caneta. | Ela vai. |
| Russian | Я вижу здание. | Вы дали ему ручку. | Она пойдет. |
| Spanish | Veo un edificio. | Le diste una pluma. | Ella irá. |
| Ukranian | Я бачу будівлю. | Ти дав йому ручку. | Вона піде. |
| Vietnamese | Tôi thấy một tòa nhà. | Bạn đưa cho anh một cây bút. | Cô ấy sẽ đi. |
| VSO Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Arabic | .أرى مبنى | .أعطيته قلم | .وقالت انها سوف تذهب |
| Filipino | Nakikita ko ang isang gusali. | Binigyan mo siya ng panulat. | Pupunta siya. |
| Irish | Feicim foirgneamh. | Thug tú peann air. | Beidh sí ag dul. |
| Welsh | Gwelaf adeilad. | Rhoddodd eich ysgrifbin iddo. | Bydd hi'n mynd. |
| VOS Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| Malagasy | Nahita tranobe iray aho. | Nomenao penina izy. | Handeha izy. |
| OSV Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |
| OVS Language | Example sentence 1 | Example sentence 2 | Example sentence 3 |