Language/Danish/Grammar/Present-Tense
One of the fundamental aspects of learning a new language is understanding its grammar rules. In Danish, the present tense is used to describe actions happening now or habitual actions. This lesson will provide you with an overview of the Danish present tense, its formation, and examples of its usage.
- Upon finishing this course material, you may want to delve into these connected themes: Danish Grammar → Introduction to Danish Alphabet and ..., Conditional Mood, Comparatives and Superlatives & Regular Verbs.
In Danish, the conjugation of verbs is the same across all pronouns. The infinitive verbs always end in -e, and are always preceded by the phrase "at". For example: "at gå", meaning "to go" or "to walk". To form the present tense, you have to add -r to the verb, and replace the "at" with the correct pronoun depending on your subject.
Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
In Danish, there are several personal pronouns that are used to refer to different persons or groups.
Here are the personal pronouns in Danish with their English translations:
ENGLISH | DANISH |
---|---|
I | JEG |
YOU | DU |
HE | HAN |
SHE | HUN |
WE | VI |
YOU (PLURAL) | I |
THEY | DE |
Regular Verbs[edit | edit source]
In Danish, regular verbs are divided into two groups based on their infinitive forms:
a. Group 1: Verbs ending in -e[edit | edit source]
To form the present tense of verbs in this group, simply add -r to the infinitive form of the verb.
Examples:
- at arbejde (to work) -> arbejder (working)
- at spise (to eat) -> spiser (eating)
b. Group 2: Verbs ending in a consonant[edit | edit source]
For verbs in this group, add -er to the infinitive form to create the present tense.
Examples:
- at skrive (to write) -> skriver (writing)
- at løbe (to run) -> løber (running)
Irregular Verbs[edit | edit source]
While Danish has many regular verbs, some verbs are irregular and follow different patterns in the present tense. Here are some common irregular verbs:
- at være (to be) -> er (am/are/is)
- at have (to have) -> har (have/has)
at gå (to go) -> går (go/going)[edit | edit source]
Using the example of "at gå" (to go):
ENGLISH | DANISH |
---|---|
I GO | JEG GÅR |
YOU GO | DU GÅR |
HE GOES | HAN GÅR |
SHE GOES | HUN GÅR |
WE GO | VI GÅR |
YOU (PLURAL) GO | I GÅR |
THEY GO | DE GÅR |
- at se (to see) -> ser (see/seeing)
Examples of Present Tense Usage[edit | edit source]
a. Describing current actions:[edit | edit source]
- Han arbejder i køkkenet. (He is working in the kitchen.)
- Vi spiser morgenmad. (We are eating breakfast.)
b. Describing habitual actions:[edit | edit source]
- Hun løber hver dag. (She runs every day.)
- De ser fjernsyn om aftenen. (They watch television in the evening.)
Negation in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]
To form a negative sentence in the present tense, use the word "ikke" (not) after the verb.
Examples:
- Han arbejder ikke i dag. (He is not working today.)
- Vi spiser ikke kød. (We do not eat meat.)
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- The Genitive Case in Danish
- The Nominative Case in Danish
- Questions
- Adjectives
- Plurals
- The Accusative Case in Danish
- The Locative Case in Danish
- How to use “can” in Danish
- How to use “to be” with names and places