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= GRAMATICAL GENERALITIES OF QUECHUA =
<div class="pg_page_title">GRAMATICAL GENERALITIES OF QUECHUA</div>
'''Typology'''.- Quechua belongs to the group of agglutinating languages ​​in which a root can be followed by one or more suffixes
[[File:Quechua-Language-PolyglotClub.png|thumb]]
Hi everyone, In today's lesson you will learn some general grammar rules in Guechua.


            Rumi                            Piedra                                        Stone                            
==Typology==
 
Quechua belongs to the group of agglutinating languages ​​in which a root can be followed by one or more suffixes
Rumiwan                       Con la piedra                              With the Stone                                       
  {| class="wikitable"
 
!Quechua
Rumi-lla-wan                 Sólo con la piedra                      Onlv with the Stone                    
!Spanish
 
!English
Rumi-lla-wan-raq           Sólo con la piedra todavía          Only with the stone yet   
|-
|Rumi
|Piedra 
|Stone                          
|-
|Rumiwan
|Con la piedra
|With the Stone                                     
|-
|Rumi-lla-wan
|Sólo con la piedra
|Onlv with the Stone                  
|-
|Rumi-lla-wan-raq
|Sólo con la piedra todavía
| Only with the stone yet 
|}


In this way a series of sentences can be formed with any root. In some cases the suffix ''chu'' indicates the interrogative form
In this way a series of sentences can be formed with any root. In some cases the suffix ''chu'' indicates the interrogative form
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Takinkichu
|Vas a cantar?
|Will you  sing?               
|-
|Riymanchu 
|Puedo ir?
|Shall i go?     
|}     


Takinkichu                    Vas a cantar?                            Will you sing?               
The suffix ''wan'' equals to:
 
{| class="wikitable"
Riymanchu                    Puedo ir?                                  Shall i go?       
!Quechua
 
!Spanish
The suffix ''wan'' equals to,
!English
|-
|Mamaywan
|Con mi madre
|With my mother
|}


Mamaywan                   Con mi madre                            With my mother
The suffix ''lla'' equals to:
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Ñoqalla
|Solamente yo
|Only me
|}


The suffix ''lla'' equals to,
==GRAMMATIC UNITS==


Ñoqalla                         Solamente yo                             Only me
===Morfema===
It is the minimum unit of speech with its own meaning.


'''GRAMMATIC UNITS'''
In Quechua there are two kinds of morphemes: free and linked.


'''Morfema'''.- It is the minimum unit of speech with its own meaning. In Quechua there are two kinds of morphemes: free and linked. Free are those that constitute words by themselves with a specific meaning, eg:
Free are those that constitute words by themselves with a specific meaning, eg:


Uma                             Cabeza                                    Head
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Uma
|Cabeza
|Head
|}


Morpheme linked is the one that never appears only but linked to another morpheme to have meaning:
Morpheme linked is the one that never appears only but linked to another morpheme to have meaning:


Uma-sapa                     Cabezón                                  Big-headed      
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Uma-sapa
|Cabezón
|Big-headed      
|}    


As you can see, the sapa particle has no meaning if it is not linked to another morpheme, which does not happen with one that can appear alone. These linked morphemes are called suffixes. In a Quechua sentence there may be three or more suffixes linked to free morpheme ej
As you can see, the sapa particle has no meaning if it is not linked to another morpheme, which does not happen with one that can appear alone. These linked morphemes are called suffixes.  


Wawa                           Criatura                                    Babv               
In a Quechua sentence there may be three or more suffixes linked to free morpheme ej:


Wawa-kuna-man            A las criaturas .                         To the babies               
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Wawa
|Criatura
|Babv               
|-
|Wawa-kuna-man
|A las criaturas
|To the babies               
|-
|Wawa-kuna-man-raq
|A las criaturas, primero
|To the babies first
|}


Wawa-kuna-man-raq     A las criaturas, primero              To the babies first
===Root===
It is called like this some morphemes that do not carry suffixes.


'''Root''' .- It is called like this some morphemes that do not carry suffixes. They are more numerous and have, in general, a greater number of phonemes, eg:
They are more numerous and have, in general, a greater number of phonemes, eg:


Paya                             Vieja                                         Old woman                                             
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Paya
|Vieja
|Old woman                                           
|-
|Mallki
|Arbol
|Tree     
|} 


Mallki                            Arbol                                        Tree     
===Topic===


'''Topic'''.- It is a root stripped of inflectional suffixes or bearing derivation suffixes, as in the case of Quechua, ex:
It is a root stripped of inflectional suffixes or bearing derivation suffixes, as in the case of Quechua, ex:


Mihuy                           Comer                                     To eat    
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Mihuy
|Comer
|To eat  
|-
|Mihuna
|Comida
|Food   
|-
|Qhaway 
|Mirar
|To look
|-
|Qhawana
|Mirador
|Watch-tower     
|}


            Mihuna                         Comida                                    Food   
===Word===


            Qhaway                       Mirar                                         To look
It is the morpheme that can be used independently. In Quechua it can consist of a simple root, ex:


            Qhawana                     Mirador                                    Watch-tower     
{| class="wikitable"
 
!Quechua
'''Word'''.- It is the morpheme that can be used independently. In Quechua it can consist of a simple root, ex:
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Karu
|Lejos
|Far      
|-
|Wayna
|Joven
|Young man      
|}
Or also in a root with derivative and inflectional suffixes. ex:


Karu                             Lejos                                        Far      
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Karumanta  hamuni
|Vengo de lejos
|I come from far off
|}


            Wayna                         Joven                                       Young man      
===Prayer===


Or also in a root with derivative and inflectional suffixes. ex:
Prayer is a syntactically independent unit.  


Karumanta hamuni        Vengo de lejos                          I come from far off
It is simple when it has only one verb, eg: It is said that the sentence is composed when it has more than one verb, ex:


'''Prayer'''.- Prayer is a syntactically independent unit. It is simple when it has only one verb, eg: It is said that the sentence is composed when it has more than one verb, ex:
{| class="wikitable"
!Quechua
!Spanish
!English
|-
|Ñañay  takiyta munan
|Mi hermana quiere cantar
|My sister wants to sing
|}


Ñañay takiyta munan     Mi hermana quiere cantar          My sister wants to sing
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Classical-quechua/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
<span links></span>

Latest revision as of 23:07, 26 March 2023

GRAMATICAL GENERALITIES OF QUECHUA
Quechua-Language-PolyglotClub.png

Hi everyone, In today's lesson you will learn some general grammar rules in Guechua.

Typology[edit | edit source]

Quechua belongs to the group of agglutinating languages ​​in which a root can be followed by one or more suffixes

Quechua Spanish English
Rumi Piedra  Stone                          
Rumiwan Con la piedra With the Stone                                     
Rumi-lla-wan Sólo con la piedra Onlv with the Stone                  
Rumi-lla-wan-raq Sólo con la piedra todavía  Only with the stone yet 

In this way a series of sentences can be formed with any root. In some cases the suffix chu indicates the interrogative form

Quechua Spanish English
Takinkichu Vas a cantar? Will you sing?               
Riymanchu  Puedo ir? Shall i go?     

    

The suffix wan equals to:

Quechua Spanish English
Mamaywan Con mi madre With my mother

The suffix lla equals to:

Quechua Spanish English
Ñoqalla Solamente yo Only me

GRAMMATIC UNITS[edit | edit source]

Morfema[edit | edit source]

It is the minimum unit of speech with its own meaning.

In Quechua there are two kinds of morphemes: free and linked.

Free are those that constitute words by themselves with a specific meaning, eg:

Quechua Spanish English
Uma Cabeza Head

Morpheme linked is the one that never appears only but linked to another morpheme to have meaning:

Quechua Spanish English
Uma-sapa Cabezón Big-headed      

    

As you can see, the sapa particle has no meaning if it is not linked to another morpheme, which does not happen with one that can appear alone. These linked morphemes are called suffixes.

In a Quechua sentence there may be three or more suffixes linked to free morpheme ej:

Quechua Spanish English
Wawa Criatura Babv               
Wawa-kuna-man A las criaturas To the babies               
Wawa-kuna-man-raq A las criaturas, primero To the babies first

Root[edit | edit source]

It is called like this some morphemes that do not carry suffixes.

They are more numerous and have, in general, a greater number of phonemes, eg:

Quechua Spanish English
Paya Vieja Old woman                                           
Mallki Arbol Tree     

 

Topic[edit | edit source]

It is a root stripped of inflectional suffixes or bearing derivation suffixes, as in the case of Quechua, ex:

Quechua Spanish English
Mihuy Comer To eat  
Mihuna Comida Food   
Qhaway  Mirar To look
Qhawana Mirador Watch-tower     

Word[edit | edit source]

It is the morpheme that can be used independently. In Quechua it can consist of a simple root, ex:

Quechua Spanish English
Karu Lejos Far      
Wayna Joven Young man      

Or also in a root with derivative and inflectional suffixes. ex:

Quechua Spanish English
Karumanta hamuni Vengo de lejos I come from far off

Prayer[edit | edit source]

Prayer is a syntactically independent unit.

It is simple when it has only one verb, eg: It is said that the sentence is composed when it has more than one verb, ex:

Quechua Spanish English
Ñañay takiyta munan Mi hermana quiere cantar My sister wants to sing

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

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