Language/Esperanto/Grammar/SUFFIXES

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SUFFIXES in Esperanto

Letters between the root and the ending of the word:

Animate beings[edit | edit source]

Esperanto Suffix Examples
+ul (individual) juna = young, junulo = a youth 
+an (member) urbo = city, urbano = citizen 
+ist (profession) baki = to bake, bakisto = baker 
+in (feminine) patro = father, patrino = mother 
+id (offspring) koko = rooster, kokido = chicken 
+estr (head) urbo = city, urbestro = mayor 

Inanimate things[edit | edit source]

Esperanto Suffix Examples
+aĵ (thing) trinki = to drink, trinkaĵo = beverage 
+il (tool) tranĉi = cut, tranĉilo = knife 
+ar (group) arbo = tree, arbaro = wood 
+er (particle) neĝo = snow, neĝero = flake 
+ej (place) kafo = coffee, kafejo = café 
+uj (receptacle) supo = soup,supujo=souptureen
+ing ( holder) kandelo = candle, kandelingo = candle holder

Abstract nouns[edit | edit source]

Esperanto Suffix Examples
+ec (quality) bela = beautiful, beleco = beauty 
+ism (system) nacio = nation, naciismo = nationalism

Qualitatives[edit | edit source]

Esperanto Suffix Examples
+ebl (able) manĝi = to eat, manĝebla = edible 
+em (tendency) doni = to give, donema = generous 
+ind (worthy) ridi = to laugh, ridinda = laughable 
+end (necessity) pagi = to pay, pagenda = due Verbs
+ig (cause) morti = to die, mortigi = to kill 
+iĝ (become) ruĝa = red, ruĝiĝi = to blush 

Universal suffixes[edit | edit source]

Esperanto Suffix Examples
+et (small) domo = house, dometo =cottage 
+eg (big) domego = mansion 
+aĉ (pejorative) domaĉo = a hovel 
+ad (continuous) paroli = speak, parolado = a speech 
+um (general) akvo = water, akvumi = to water

Sources[edit | edit source]

http://esperanto.bretonio.free.fr/dokumentoj/pakeo-en3.pdf

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