Language/Marathi/Grammar/Adjectives
Hi Marathi learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about adjectives in Marathi grammar. Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns or pronouns. For example, in the sentence "The red car is fast", the words "red" and "fast" are adjectives that describe the noun "car".
Let's start with the basics about Marathi adjectives.
Gender and number
In Marathi, adjectives agree with the gender and number of the noun they describe. There are two genders in Marathi: masculine and feminine. The plural form applies to both genders.
Here are some examples of how adjectives change in Marathi:
| Marathi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| शाळेतील छाती | shaaLetil chaati | School chest (masculine singular) |
| शाळेतील छात्या | shaaLetil chaatya | School chests (masculine plural) |
| शाळेतील छातीची | shaaLetil chaatichii | School chest's (feminine singular) |
| शाळेतील छातींची | shaaLetil chaatiinchii | School chest's (feminine plural) |
Notice how the endings differ depending on gender and number.
Placement of adjectives
In Marathi, adjectives usually come after the noun they describe. For example, "Veg biryani" (वेज बिर्याणी) means "vegetarian biryani". Here, "veg" comes after "biryani". However, if the adjective is an abstract quality or an evaluative adjective, it may come before the noun.
Here are some examples:
| Marathi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| माझं छात्र मुलगा | maaJha chaatra mulagaa | My student boy (masculine singular) |
| सुंदर फुलांचे बाग | sundar phulaanchae baag | Beautiful flowers' garden (masculine plural) |
| ते वाटा जड | te vaata jad | That wind hard (feminine singular) |
| सुंदर आकाराची गाडी | sundar aakaaraachii gaadii | Beautiful shape's car (feminine singular) |
Comparative and superlative adjectives
In Marathi, comparatives and superlatives are formed by adding appropriate suffixes to the base form of the adjective.
Here are some examples:
| Marathi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| जास्त ऊन | jaast oon | More warm |
| आणखी ऊन | aaNkhii oon | Warmest |
| जास्त जलद | jaast jalad | Faster |
| आणखी जलद | aaNkhii jalad | Fastest |
Examples in context
Let's see some examples of adjectives in context:
Dialogue:
- Person 1: हा आवाज आवडतो ना? (haa aavaaj aavaDato naa?) Can you like this voice?
- Person 2: हो, ही ध्वनी खूप सुंदर आहे. (ho, hii dhvani khuup sundar aahe.) Yes, this sound is very beautiful.
In this dialogue, the adjective "sundar" (सुंदर) is used to describe the noun "dhvani" (ध्वनी), meaning "sound".
Dialogue:
- Person 1: तुमचं घर कसं आहे? (tumach ghar kasaa aahe?) How is your house?
- Person 2: माझं घर थोडं आहे पण विचारूक आहे. (maajha ghar thodaa aahe, pan vichaaruuk aahe.) My house is small, but well-designed.
In this dialogue, the adjective "vichaaruuk" (विचारूक) is used before the noun "ghar" (घर), because it is an abstract quality.
Conclusion
Adjectives are an important part of Marathi grammar. Knowing how to use them will help you describe objects, people and situations effectively. To improve your Marathi Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
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