Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have
Hi Abkhazian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will be discussing how to use the verb "have" in Abkhazian. The verb "have" can be a little tricky in any language, but we will break it down and simplify it for you. Let's get started!
The Basics
In Abkhazian, we use the verb "ҳазақь" (hazaaq') to express possession, which is the equivalent of "have" in English. The verb "hazaaq'" changes to reflect the person and tense of the sentence. Here is an overview of how the verb changes:
| Person | Suffix |
|---|---|
| I | -аа -aa |
| You (singular) | -ыҧ -əp |
| He/She/It | -на -nə |
| We | -ҵаа -čaa |
| You (plural) | -ҵыҧ -čəp |
| They | -ҵара -čara |
Let's take a look at some examples to better understand how to use the verb "hazaaq'" in different sentences.
Examples
Example 1
In this dialogue, we will see how to use the verb "hazaaq'" in the present tense to express possession.
- Person 1: "Аҟәа ақәаҩ дзы ҳазаа." (Aqʷa aqʷa-pš dy hazaa.) - "I have a red car."
- Person 2: "Ҳыҟәарагьы ақәаҩ эстыҳьа." (Hykʷaragy aqʷa-pš estyhhə.) - "Your red car is beautiful."
In this conversation, we see that the verb "hazaaq'" changes to -аа (-aa) to reflect the first person singular. The verb "hazaaq'" also agrees with the noun "ақәаҩ" (aqʷa-pš) which means car.
Example 2
In this dialogue, we will see how to use the verb "hazaaq'" in the past tense to express possession.
- Person 1: "Аҟәа ақәаҩ дзы ҳазаа." (Aqʷa aqʷa-pš dy hazaa.) - "I have a red car."
- Person 2: "Аҟәа гьылас ақәаҩы хьаҟәыхьоу." (Aqʷa ǧÿlas aqʷa-pš-y ḥaqʷëÿhou.) - "Yesterday, your red car was in the garage."
In this conversation, we see that the verb "hazaaq'" changes to -аа (-aa) to reflect the first person singular, and the suffix for the past tense "-ым" (-əm) is added to the verb to reflect past tense.
Example 3
In this dialogue, we will see how to use the verb "hazaaq'" with pronouns in a sentence.
- Person 1: "Аҳәырҭәаҵқәа аҟәарақәа дзы ҳазақьны ҳьыцәа?" (Ahəyrtʼaachqʷa aqʷa-raqʷa dy hazaaqʼny ḥytswa?) - "Do you have your passport?"
- Person 2: "Дзеи, аҳәырҭәаҵқәа аҟәарақәа дзы ҳазаа." (Dzei, ahəyrtʼaachqʷa aqʷa-raqʷa dy hazaa.) - "Yes, I have my passport."
In this conversation, we see that the pronoun "ҳазақьны" (hazaaq'ny) is added after the verb in the sentence. This is because the sentence is asking if the passport belongs to the person being asked.
Summary
In summary, the verb "hazaaq'" is used to express possession in Abkhazian. The verb changes to reflect the person and tense of the sentence. Remember to use the table above to help you understand how the verb changes. If you have any questions or need further clarification, find native speakers on Polyglot Club and ask them any questions!
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