Language/Central-pashto/Grammar/Gender
Hi Central Pashto learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about the gender rules in Central Pashto. We will look at how to identify the gender of nouns and adjectives, and how to use them correctly in sentences.
Gender is an important concept in Central Pashto grammar. It affects the way nouns and adjectives are used in sentences. In Central Pashto, there are two genders: masculine and feminine.
Identifying Gender
The gender of a noun or adjective can usually be identified by its ending. Masculine nouns and adjectives usually end in a consonant, while feminine nouns and adjectives usually end in a vowel.
For example, the word for "book" is kitab (کتاب). This is a masculine noun because it ends in a consonant. The word for "girl" is dokhtar (دختر). This is a feminine noun because it ends in a vowel.
There are some exceptions to this rule. For example, the word for "teacher" is ustad (استاد). This is a masculine noun even though it ends in a vowel.
Using Gender
Once you have identified the gender of a noun or adjective, you must use it correctly in a sentence. Masculine nouns and adjectives must be used with masculine verbs and pronouns, and feminine nouns and adjectives must be used with feminine verbs and pronouns.
For example, the sentence "The book is big" would be written as Kitab bor ast (کتاب بور است). Here, the noun kitab (کتاب) is masculine, so it must be used with the masculine verb ast (است).
The sentence "The girl is beautiful" would be written as Dokhtar zeba ast (دختر زیبا است). Here, the noun dokhtar (دختر) is feminine, so it must be used with the feminine verb ast (است).
Quiz
Test your knowledge of Central Pashto gender with the following quiz questions.
- What is the gender of the word kitab (کتاب)?
- Masculine
- What is the gender of the word dokhtar (دختر)?
- Feminine
- What is the gender of the word ustad (استاد)?
- Masculine
- How do you identify the gender of a noun or adjective?
- By its ending. Masculine nouns and adjectives usually end in a consonant, while feminine nouns and adjectives usually end in a vowel.
Examples
| Central Pashto | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| kitab | کتاب | book |
| dokhtar | دختر | girl |
| ustad | استاد | teacher |
| bor | بور | big |
| zeba | زیبا | beautiful |
Practice
To improve your Central Pashto Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎