Language/Welsh/Grammar/Adjectives

Welsh Grammar - Adjectives

Hi Welsh learners! 😊
In today's lesson, we will be looking at Welsh adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns. They can be used to give more information about the noun or pronoun they are describing. In Welsh, adjectives have to agree with the noun or pronoun they are describing in terms of gender, number, and case.

Gender

In Welsh, adjectives must agree with the gender of the noun or pronoun they are describing. There are three genders in Welsh: masculine, feminine, and neuter.

Masculine

Masculine adjectives end in -a in the singular and -oedd in the plural. For example:

• Singular: bach (small)
• Plural: bachoedd (small)

Feminine

Feminine adjectives end in -a in the singular and -e in the plural. For example:

• Singular: gwyrdd (green)
• Plural: gwyrdde (green)

Neuter

Neuter adjectives end in -o in the singular and -ydd in the plural. For example:

• Singular: hir (long)
• Plural: hirydd (long)

Number

In Welsh, adjectives must also agree with the number of the noun or pronoun they are describing. There are two numbers in Welsh: singular and plural.

Singular

Singular adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:

• Masculine: bach (small)
• Feminine: gwyrdd (green)
• Neuter: hir (long)

Plural

Plural adjectives end in -oedd for masculine nouns, -e for feminine nouns, and -ydd for neuter nouns. For example:

• Masculine: bachoedd (small)
• Feminine: gwyrdde (green)
• Neuter: hirydd (long)

Case

In Welsh, adjectives must also agree with the case of the noun or pronoun they are describing. There are three cases in Welsh: nominative, accusative, and genitive.

Nominative

Nominative adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:

• Masculine: bach (small)
• Feminine: gwyrdd (green)
• Neuter: hir (long)

Accusative

Accusative adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:

• Masculine: bacha (small)
• Feminine: gwyrdda (green)
• Neuter: hiro (long)

Genitive

Genitive adjectives end in -a for masculine and feminine nouns, and -o for neuter nouns. For example:

• Masculine: bachaf (small)
• Feminine: gwyrddaf (green)
• Neuter: hiraf (long)

That's it for today's lesson on Welsh adjectives! Remember, adjectives must agree with the gender, number, and case of the noun or pronoun they are describing.

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