Language/Catalan/Grammar/Comparatives-and-Superlatives
Hi Catalan learners! 😊
In today's lesson, we will learn about comparatives and superlatives in Catalan. These are important grammar concepts that allow us to compare different things or describe something as the best or the worst.
Let's get started with the table of the most common comparative and superlative forms in Catalan:
| English | Catalan | Comparative | Superlative |
|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Bé | Millor | El millor |
| Bad | Dolent | Pitjor | El pitjor |
| Big | Gran | Més gran | El més gran |
| Small | Petit | Més petit | El més petit |
As you can see from the table, the comparative form in Catalan is usually formed by adding the word "més" before the adjective, and the superlative form is usually formed by adding the word "el" before the adjective.
Here are some additional rules and examples to help you better understand how to form comparatives and superlatives in Catalan:
Forming Comparatives
To form the comparative form of an adjective in Catalan, follow these rules:
- For adjectives of one syllable, add the suffix "-er" to the adjective to form the comparative. Example: "gran" (big) becomes "més gran" (bigger).
- For adjectives of two or more syllables, add the word "més" before the adjective. Example: "interessant" (interesting) becomes "més interessant" (more interesting).
Some examples of comparative forms in Catalan:
- "Aquest llibre és més interessant que aquell." (This book is more interesting than that one.)
- "El cotxe és més ràpid que la bicicleta." (The car is faster than the bicycle.)
- "La ciutat és més gran que el poble." (The city is bigger than the town.)
Forming Superlatives
To form the superlative form of an adjective in Catalan, follow these rules:
- For adjectives of one syllable, add the suffix "-est" to the adjective to form the superlative. Example: "gran" (big) becomes "el més gran" (the biggest).
- For adjectives of two or more syllables, add the word "el" before the adjective. Example: "interessant" (interesting) becomes "el més interessant" (the most interesting).
Some examples of superlative forms in Catalan:
- "Aquest és el llibre més interessant de tots." (This is the most interesting book of all.)
- "El cotxe més ràpid és el Ferrari." (The fastest car is the Ferrari.)
- "La ciutat més gran del món és Nova York." (The biggest city in the world is New York.)
It's important to note that there are some irregular comparative and superlative forms in Catalan that don't follow these rules. Here are a few examples:
- "Bo" (good) becomes "millor" (better) and "el millor" (the best).
- "Dolent" (bad) becomes "pitjor" (worse)
Basic Comparison
Comparative adjectives are used to compare two nouns, indicating that one noun has more of a particular quality than the other noun. In Catalan, comparative adjectives are usually formed by adding the suffix "-er" to the adjective, but there are some irregular comparatives that have different forms.
Here are some examples of regular comparative adjectives and how they are formed:
"alt" (tall) becomes "més alt" (taller)
"fort" (strong) becomes "més fort" (stronger)
"gran" (big) becomes "més gran" (bigger)
To use comparative adjectives in a sentence, simply place "més" before the adjective, like this:
"El meu germà és més alt que jo." (My brother is taller than me.)
"Aquesta casa és més gran que la meva." (This house is bigger than mine.)
"El teu cotxe és més ràpid que el meu." (Your car is faster than mine.)
Superlative adjectives are used to compare one noun to all others in a group, indicating that one noun has the most of a particular quality. In Catalan, superlative adjectives are usually formed by adding the suffix "-est" to the adjective, but again, there are some irregular superlatives that have different forms.
Here are some examples of regular superlative adjectives and how they are formed:
"alt" (tall) becomes "més alt" (taller) and "el més alt" (the tallest)
"fort" (strong) becomes "més fort" (stronger) and "el més fort" (the strongest)
"gran" (big) becomes "més gran" (bigger) and "el més gran" (the biggest)
To use superlative adjectives in a sentence, place "el/la/els/les" before the superlative form of the adjective, like this:
"El meu germà és el més alt de tots." (My brother is the tallest of all.)
"Aquesta casa és la més gran del barri." (This house is the biggest in the neighborhood.)
"El teu cotxe és el més ràpid de tots els cotxes que he vist." (Your car is the fastest of all the cars I've seen.)
It's important to note that some adjectives have irregular comparative and superlative forms. Here are a few examples:
"bo" (good) becomes "millor" (better) for the comparative and "el millor" (the best) for the superlative
"dolç" (sweet) becomes "més dolç" (sweeter) for the comparative and "el més dolç" (the sweetest) for the superlative
"gran" (great) becomes "major" (greater) for the comparative and "el major" (the greatest) for the superlative
Examples
| ENGLISH | CATALAN |
|---|---|
| MORE BEAUTIFUL (MASC) | MÉS BONIC |
| MORE BEAUTIFUL (FEMIN) | MÉS BONICA |
| BIGGER (MASC) | MAJOR |
| BIGGER (FEMIN) | MAJOR |
| LONGER (MASC) | MÉS LLARG |
| LONGER (FEMIN) | MÉS LLARGA |
| STRONGER (MASC) | MÉS FORT |
| STRONGER (FEMIN) | MÉS FORTA |
| EASIER (MASC) | MÉS FÀCIL |
| EASIER (FEMIN) | MÉS FÀCIL |
| SWITZERLAND IS MORE BEAUTIFUL THAN GERMANY | SUÏSSA ES MÉS BONICA QUE ALEMANYA |
| THIS CITY IS BIGGER THAN THIS COUNTRY | AQUESTA CIUTAT ÉS MAJOR QUE AQUEST PAÍS |
| MOST BEAUTIFUL OF THEM ALL (MASC) | MÉS BONIC D`ELLS |
| MOST BEAUTIFUL OF THEM ALL (FEMIN) | MÉS BONICA D`ELLES |
| BIGGEST OF THEM ALL (MASC) | MAJOR D`ELLS |
| BIGGEST OF THEM ALL (FEMIN) | MAJOR D`ELLES |
| LONGEST OF THEM ALL (MASC) | MÉS LLARG D`ELLS |
| LONGEST OF THEM ALL (FEMIN) | MÉS LLARGA D`ELLES |
| STRONGEST OF THEM ALL (MASC) | MÉS FORT D`ELLS |
| STRONGEST OF THEM ALL (FEMIN) | MÉS FORTA D`ELLES |
| EASIEST OF THEM ALL (MASC) | MÉS FÀCIL D`ELLS |
| EASIEST OF THEM ALL (FEMIN) | MÉS FÀCIL D`ELLES |
| HE IS THE MOST BEAUTIFUL MEN OF THEM ALL | ELL ÉS L`HOME MÉS BONIC D`ELLES |
| RUSSIA IS THE BIGGEST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD | RÚSSIA ÉS EL MAJOR PÁIS DEL MÓN |
| THESE LANGUAGES ARE THE EASIEST | AQUESTES LLENGÜES SÓN LES MÉS FÀCILS |