Language/Torwali/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation
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Torwali (توروالی) is a Dardic language of the Northwestern Indo-Aryan family mainly spoken in the Bahrain and Chail areas of the Swat District in Northern Pakistan. It is said to have originated from the pre-Muslim Dardic communities of Pakistan. It has two dialects, Bahrain and Chail.
Phonology
Vowels According to Edelman
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i iː | u uː | |
Mid | e eː | o oː | |
Open | a aː |
Vowels According to Lunsford
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i ĩ | (ɨ̙) | u ũ |
Mid | e ẽ (e̙) | ə (ə̙) | o õ |
Open | æ æ̃ | a ã |
Consonants
Labial | Coronal | Retroflex | Post-alv./
Palatal |
Velar | Glottal | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | (ɳ) | ŋ | ||||||||
Stop | p
pʰ |
b
bʱ |
t
tʰ |
d
dʱ |
ʈ
ʈʰ |
ɖ
ɖʱ |
k
kʰ |
g
ɡʱ |
||||
Affricate | ts | ʈʂ
ʈʂʰ |
ɖʐ | tʃ
tʃʰ |
dʒ | |||||||
Fricative(Lateral) | s | z | ʂ | ʐ | ʃ | ʒ | x | ɣ | h | |||
(t)ɬ? | ||||||||||||
Approximant(Lateral) | j | w | ||||||||||
l | ||||||||||||
Rhotic | r | ɽ? |