Language/Georgian/Grammar/Cases-of-Verbal-Persons-in-Transitive-Verbs
Cases of verbal persons in transitive verbs:
a) Two-personal transitives:
Present Tense (I Series) ქალი სურათს ხატავს
Subject: nominative
Direct object: dative
Past/Aorist Tense (II Series) ქალმა სურათი დახატა
Subject: ergative
Direct object: nominative
Past Unreal Tense (III Series) ქალს სურათი დაუხატავს
Subject: dative
Direct object: nominative
b) Three-personal transitives:
Present Tense (I Series) ქალი დედას სურათს უხატავს Subject: nominative Direct object: dative Indirect object: dative Past/Aorist Tense (II Series) ქალმა დედას სურათი დაუხატა Subject: ergative Direct object: nominative Indirect object: dative Past Unreal Tense (III Series) ქალს დედისთვის სურათი დაუხატავს Subject: dative Direct object: nominative
The indirect object is outside of verbal morphology and is indicated by the postposition “-თვის” (“for”). Therefore in this tense the verb becomes two-personal.
Sources
http://eprints.iliauni.edu.ge/3071/1/Basic-Georgian%202%20bolo%20versia.pdf