Language/Welsh/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns
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Welcome to the lesson on Personal Pronouns in Welsh! As you embark on this journey of learning the Welsh language, understanding personal pronouns is crucial. They form the backbone of communication, allowing you to express who is doing what in a sentence. Whether you're discussing your day, describing your friends, or sharing stories, personal pronouns will be your trusty allies.
In this lesson, we'll cover the following key areas:
What Are Personal Pronouns?[edit | edit source]
Personal pronouns are words that replace specific nouns in a sentence, making our conversations smoother and more fluid. In Welsh, just like in English, these pronouns change depending on who or what you're referring to.
Here’s a quick rundown of the personal pronouns in Welsh:
I - fi*
You (singular) - ti*
He - ef*
She - hi*
It - fe/hi* (used based on the gender of the noun)
We - ni*
They - nhw*
Let’s dive deeper into these pronouns, their forms, and how to use them in sentences!
Personal Pronouns in Detail[edit | edit source]
Now, let's break down each personal pronoun, along with examples to illustrate their use in context.
1. I (fi)[edit | edit source]
- Welsh: fi
- Pronunciation: /vi/
- Usage: Refers to the speaker.
Examples:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Fi yw'r athro. | /vi juːr ˈaθro/ | I am the teacher. |
Fi'n mynd i'r siop. | /vin mɪnd iːr ˈʃop/ | I am going to the shop. |
Fi'n hoffi coffi. | /vin ˈhɔfi ˈkɔfi/ | I like coffee. |
Fi'n byw yng Nghymru. | /vin bɪu ɪŋ ˈhəmri/ | I live in Wales. |
2. You (singular) (ti)[edit | edit source]
- Welsh: ti
- Pronunciation: /ti/
- Usage: Refers to the person being spoken to, usually in an informal context.
Examples:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Ti yw'r myfyriwr. | /ti juːr mɪˈvɪrjʊr/ | You are the student. |
Ti'n hoffi siocled. | /tiːn ˈhɔfi ˈʃɒklɛd/ | You like chocolate. |
Ti'n dod gyda fi. | /tiːn dɔd ˈɡɪðə vi/ | You are coming with me. |
Ti'n mynd i'r gêm. | /tiːn mɪnd iːr ɡɛm/ | You are going to the game. |
3. He (ef)[edit | edit source]
- Welsh: ef
- Pronunciation: /ɛv/
- Usage: Refers to a male subject.
Examples:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Ef yw'r doctor. | /ɛv juːr ˈdɒktər/ | He is the doctor. |
Mae ef yn hapus. | /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈhɑpɪs/ | He is happy. |
Mae ef yn chwarae pêl-droed. | /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈχwaːrə pɛlˈdrɔɪd/ | He plays football. |
Mae ef yn byw yn Abertawe. | /maɪ ɛv ɪn ˈbɪv ɪn ˈaːbərtaʊe/ | He lives in Swansea. |
4. She (hi)[edit | edit source]
- Welsh: hi
- Pronunciation: /hi/
- Usage: Refers to a female subject.
Examples:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Hi yw'r athrawes. | /hi juːr ˈaθraʊɛs/ | She is the teacher (female). |
Mae hi'n dysgu Cymraeg. | /maɪ hiːn ˈdɪsɡɪ ˈkʊmraɪɡ/ | She is learning Welsh. |
Hi'n mwynhau cerddoriaeth. | /hiːn ˈmʊɪnˈhaɪ ˈkɛrðɔrjɛθ/ | She enjoys music. |
Mae hi'n byw yng Nghymru. | /maɪ hiːn bɪv ɪn ˈhəmri/ | She lives in Wales. |
5. It (fe/hi)[edit | edit source]
- Welsh: fe (masculine), hi (feminine)
- Pronunciation: /vɛ/ (masculine), /hi/ (feminine)
- Usage: Refers to objects or animals, gendered according to the noun's gender.
Examples:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Mae fe'n eira. | /maɪ vɛn ˈeɪrə/ | It is snow. |
Mae hi'n sŵn. | /maɪ hɪn suːn/ | It is noisy. |
Mae fe'n ddŵr. | /maɪ vɛn ðʊr/ | It is water. |
Mae hi'n flodau. | /maɪ hɪn ˈblɔdaɪ/ | It is flowers. |
6. We (ni)[edit | edit source]
- Welsh: ni
- Pronunciation: /ni/
- Usage: Refers to the speaker and one or more others.
Examples:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Ni yw'r myfyrwyr. | /ni juːr mɪˈvɪrjʊr/ | We are the students. |
Ni'n mynd i'r sinema. | /niːn mɪnd iːr sɪˈnɛma/ | We are going to the cinema. |
Ni'n chwilio am ffrindiau. | /niːn ˈχwɪlɪo æm ˈfrɪndjæɪ/ | We are looking for friends. |
Ni'n mwynhau cerddoriaeth. | /niːn ˈmʊɪnˈhaɪ ˈkɛrðɔrjɛθ/ | We enjoy music. |
7. They (nhw)[edit | edit source]
- Welsh: nhw
- Pronunciation: /nʊ/
- Usage: Refers to multiple people or objects.
Examples:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
Nhw yw'r plant. | /nʊ juːr plænt/ | They are the children. |
Mae nhw'n chwarae pêl-fasged. | /maɪ nʊn ˈχwaːrə ˈpɛlˌvæskɛd/ | They play basketball. |
Mae nhw'n mynd i'r parc. | /maɪ nʊn mɪnd iːr pɑrk/ | They are going to the park. |
Mae nhw'n hoffi siocled. | /maɪ nʊn ˈhɔfi ˈʃɒklɛd/ | They like chocolate. |
Summary of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]
To summarize, here is a concise table of the personal pronouns:
Welsh | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
fi | /vi/ | I |
ti | /ti/ | you (singular) |
ef | /ɛv/ | he |
hi | /hi/ | she |
fe/hi | /vɛ/ (masc), /hi/ (fem) | it |
ni | /ni/ | we |
nhw | /nʊ/ | they |
Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]
Now that you have a grasp on personal pronouns, let's practice what you've learned! Here are ten exercises to reinforce your understanding.
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]
Complete the sentences with the correct personal pronoun.
1. _____ (I) am happy.
2. _____ (you, singular) are my friend.
3. _____ (he) is a doctor.
4. _____ (she) likes music.
5. _____ (it) is raining.
6. _____ (we) are going to the park.
7. _____ (they) are playing football.
Answers:
1. Fi
2. Ti
3. Ef
4. Hi
5. Fe/Hi
6. Ni
7. Nhw
Exercise 2: Match the Pronoun to the Sentence[edit | edit source]
Match each sentence to the correct personal pronoun.
1. _____ is my brother.
2. _____ are my favorite.
3. _____ loves to play.
4. _____ is a beautiful day.
5. _____ are going to the concert.
Options:
a) Ti
b) Ni
c) Ef
d) Fe
e) Nhw
Answers:
1. c) Ef
2. d) Fe
3. a) Ti
4. d) Fe
5. b) Ni
Exercise 3: Translate to Welsh[edit | edit source]
Translate the following sentences into Welsh.
1. I am a student.
2. You (singular) are a teacher.
3. He loves chocolate.
4. She is from Cardiff.
5. We are going home.
6. They are happy.
Answers:
1. Fi yw'r myfyriwr.
2. Ti yw'r athro.
3. Ef yn hoffi siocled.
4. Hi yw o Gaerdydd.
5. Ni'n mynd adref.
6. Nhw'n hapus.
Exercise 4: Create Sentences[edit | edit source]
Using the personal pronouns provided, create your own sentences.
1. Fi
2. Ti
3. Ef
4. Hi
5. Ni
6. Nhw
Example Answers:
1. Fi'n mwynhau darllen. (I enjoy reading.)
2. Ti'n hoffi mynd am dro. (You like to go for a walk.)
3. Ef'n chwarae piano. (He plays the piano.)
4. Hi'n gweithio yn y siop. (She works in the shop.)
5. Ni'n edrych ymlaen at y penwythnos. (We look forward to the weekend.)
6. Nhw'n chwarae yn y parc. (They are playing in the park.)
Exercise 5: Pronoun Identification[edit | edit source]
Read the sentences below and identify the personal pronouns.
1. I love reading books.
2. You are my best friend.
3. He is studying Welsh.
4. She enjoys cooking.
5. We are going on holiday.
6. They are watching a movie.
Answers:
1. I
2. You
3. He
4. She
5. We
6. They
Exercise 6: Fill in the Correct Form[edit | edit source]
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the personal pronoun.
1. _____ (you, singular) are my hero.
2. _____ (we) are learning.
3. _____ (she) loves her cat.
4. _____ (he) is very tall.
5. _____ (they) are my friends.
Answers:
1. Ti
2. Ni
3. Hi
4. Ef
5. Nhw
Exercise 7: Choose the Right Pronoun[edit | edit source]
Choose the correct personal pronoun to complete the sentence.
1. _____ am going to the gym. (I/He)
2. _____ are my favorite color. (It/She)
3. _____ is playing outside. (They/We)
4. _____ loves to read. (She/They)
5. _____ are excited for the concert. (We/He)
Answers:
1. I
2. It
3. They
4. She
5. We
Exercise 8: Write Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]
Write three sentences using different personal pronouns.
Example Answers:
1. Ef'n mwynhau mynd i'r traeth. (He enjoys going to the beach.)
2. Hi'n hoffi dysgu am hanes. (She likes learning about history.)
3. Ni'n chwarae gêm gyda'n ffrindiau. (We are playing a game with our friends.)
Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]
Change the personal pronoun in the following sentences.
1. I am learning Welsh. → _____ am learning Welsh. (You)
2. She is a doctor. → _____ is a doctor. (He)
3. We are happy. → _____ are happy. (They)
4. He loves pizza. → _____ loves pizza. (She)
5. You are my friend. → _____ are my friend. (I)
Answers:
1. Ti
2. Ef
3. Nhw
4. Hi
5. Fi
Exercise 10: Group Activity[edit | edit source]
In groups, create a short dialogue using personal pronouns. Take turns speaking and make sure to use at least five different pronouns in your conversation.
Example Dialogue:
A: Fi'n mynd i'r sinema. (I am going to the cinema.)
B: Ti'n mynd gyda fi? (Are you coming with me?)
A: Ni'n mynd gyda nhw hefyd. (We are going with them too.)
B: Mae hi'n hapus am hynny. (She is happy about that.)
A: Ie, mae ef hefyd. (Yes, he is too.)
Congratulations on completing this lesson on personal pronouns! By understanding and using these pronouns, you are one step closer to expressing yourself in Welsh. Keep practicing, and soon enough, you'll find yourself weaving them seamlessly into your conversations!
Sources[edit | edit source]
- Welsh/Grammar/Pronouns - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
- Colloquial Welsh morphology - Wikipedia
- Personal Pronouns in Welsh (fi, ni; ti, chwi; ef, hi, hwÿ)
Other Lessons[edit | edit source]
- Conditional Mood
- Using Conjunctions
- Questions
- 0 to A1 Course
- How to Use Be
- Question Words
- The article
- Future Tense
- Pronouns
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