Language/Esperanto/Grammar/SUFFIXES

SUFFIXES in Esperanto

Letters between the root and the ending of the word:

Animate beings

Esperanto Suffix	Examples
+ul (individual)	juna = young, junulo = a youth
+an (member)	urbo = city, urbano = citizen
+ist (profession)	baki = to bake, bakisto = baker
+in (feminine)	patro = father, patrino = mother
+id (offspring)	koko = rooster, kokido = chicken
+estr (head)	urbo = city, urbestro = mayor

Inanimate things

Esperanto Suffix	Examples
+aĵ (thing)	trinki = to drink, trinkaĵo = beverage
+il (tool)	tranĉi = cut, tranĉilo = knife
+ar (group)	arbo = tree, arbaro = wood
+er (particle)	neĝo = snow, neĝero = flake
+ej (place)	kafo = coffee, kafejo = café
+uj (receptacle)	supo = soup,supujo=souptureen
+ing ( holder)	kandelo = candle, kandelingo = candle holder

Abstract nouns

Esperanto Suffix	Examples
+ec (quality)	bela = beautiful, beleco = beauty
+ism (system)	nacio = nation, naciismo = nationalism

Qualitatives

Esperanto Suffix	Examples
+ebl (able)	manĝi = to eat, manĝebla = edible
+em (tendency)	doni = to give, donema = generous
+ind (worthy)	ridi = to laugh, ridinda = laughable
+end (necessity)	pagi = to pay, pagenda = due Verbs
+ig (cause)	morti = to die, mortigi = to kill
+iĝ (become)	ruĝa = red, ruĝiĝi = to blush

Universal suffixes

Esperanto Suffix	Examples
+et (small)	domo = house, dometo =cottage
+eg (big)	domego = mansion
+aĉ (pejorative)	domaĉo = a hovel
+ad (continuous)	paroli = speak, parolado = a speech
+um (general)	akvo = water, akvumi = to water

Sources

http://esperanto.bretonio.free.fr/dokumentoj/pakeo-en3.pdf

Other Lessons

• Gender
• Comaratives and Superlatives
• THE NEGATIVE
• PREPOSITIONS
• WORD BUILDING
• To Be at the Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Possessive pronouns
• Conditional Mood
• Adjectives