Language/Sanskrit/Grammar/Future-Tense

Sanskrit Grammar - Future Tense

Hi Sanskrit learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about the future tense in Sanskrit. We will look at the rules for forming the future tense, some examples, and practice exercises.

The future tense is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future. In Sanskrit, the future tense is formed by adding a suffix to the verb stem. The suffixes used depend on the person and number of the subject.

Rules

The suffixes used to form the future tense are as follows:

• First Person Singular: -syāmi
• Second Person Singular: -syasi
• Third Person Singular: -syati
• First Person Plural: -syāmaḥ
• Second Person Plural: -syatha
• Third Person Plural: -syanti

For example, the verb "to go" (gam) has the following forms in the future tense:

Person	Number	Future Tense
First	Singular	gacchsyāmi
Second	Singular	gacchsyasi
Third	Singular	gacchsyati
First	Plural	gacchsyāmaḥ
Second	Plural	gacchsyatha
Third	Plural	gacchsyanti

Examples

Here are some examples of sentences in the future tense:

Sanskrit	Pronunciation	English Translation
मम भार्या गच्छति	mama bhāryā gacchati	My wife will go
त्वं गच्छसि	tvam gacchasi	You will go
अहं गच्छामि	ahaṃ gacchāmi	I will go
वयं गच्छन्ति	vayaṃ gacchanti	We will go
ते गच्छथ	te gacchatha	You (plural) will go
तान् गच्छन्ति	tān gacchanti	They will go

Practice

To improve your Sanskrit Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Now try to form the future tense of the following verbs:

• कर्मण् (karmaṇ) - to do
• जानाति (jānāti) - to know
• आगच्छति (āgacchati) - to come

Quiz

Questions

1. What is the future tense used for? 2. How is the future tense formed in Sanskrit? 3. What is the future tense form of the verb "to go" (gam)?

Answers

1. The future tense is used to talk about actions that will happen in the future. 2. The future tense is formed by adding a suffix to the verb stem. The suffixes used depend on the person and number of the subject. 3. The future tense form of the verb "to go" (gam) is:

Person	Number	Future Tense
First	Singular	gacchsyāmi
Second	Singular	gacchsyasi
Third	Singular	gacchsyati
First	Plural	gacchsyāmaḥ
Second	Plural	gacchsyatha
Third	Plural	gacchsyanti

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Related Lessons

• Pronouns
• Negation
• Plurals
• Questions
• Adjectives
• Conditional Mood