Language/Ancient-greek-to-1453/Grammar/Prepositions

Prepositions are concise words that typically come before nouns, and sometimes before verbs as well. They are considered "predefined" because they have a fixed meaning and are used to indicate the relationship between the noun or verb they precede and other words in the sentence, such as declined nouns, pronouns, or adverbs. When used in this way, prepositions are traditionally known as "prepositional phrases."

In addition to their function in sentences, prepositions can be divided into two categories: proper and improper. Proper prepositions have their own meaning, while improper prepositions are formed by combining a preposition with another word.

There are 18 prepositions in total, with six being monosyllables and 12 having two syllables. Overall, prepositions play a crucial role in constructing sentences that convey clear meaning and facilitate effective communication.

Important Prepositions 

Μονοσύλλαβες Monosyllables

ἐν  En :  in, among, during εἰς-ἐς En : in, into, within ἐκ-ἐξ (ἐκ becomes ἐξ before a vowel;  eg:  ἐξ αἵματος : out of blood) En : from, out of, forth from πρό En : in front, before, preferably at πρός En : by, in addition to   σύν En : with Fr : avec

Δισύλλαβες Two-syllable

ἀνά  En :  upon, up, through   διά En : through, by means of, because   κατά En : down, along, according to   Μετά En : after, behind   Παρά En :  with, near   ἀμφί En : about, around   ἀντί En : opposite, instead of, for the sake of   ἐπί En : on, for the purpose of, because of   περί En : about, near, around ἀπό En : from, =distance: starting point, origin ὑπό En : under ὑπέρ En :  above, over, beyond because of, by reason of

Proper Prepositions

ἐξ (ἐκ in front of consonant) En : from, out of, forth from         ἀντί :  En : opposite, instead of, for the sake of      πρό :  En : before, in front of ἀπό : En :   from, = distance: starting point, origin    ἕνεκα, ἕνεκεν :  En : because of, in view of

Improper Prepositions

ἄνευ En: without   ἄχρι En : up to   ἕνεκα / ἕνεκεν En : because of, in view of μέχρι πλήν En : except χάριν En : in favor of, for lite pleasure χωρίς En : separately, apart   ὡς * En : as, well as  -and the particles νὴ :  En : in affirmative oaths : I swear by Zeus, etc.*   μά ** En : in affirmative or negative oaths * Only with people:  ὡς τόν βασιλέα πέμπειν θρίαμβον    ** a particle employed in affirmations and oaths and joined to an accusative of the person (for the most part, a    divinity) or of the thing affirmed or sworn by. ** μά : by, in oaths, of the divinity or of the witness invoked; mostly negative, sometimes: ναί, affirmative.

Author

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