Language/Abkhazian/Grammar/Plurals
Welcome to the Abkhazian language lesson about plurals! Plurals are an important part of any language, and Abkhazian is no exception. In this lesson, we will learn how to form plurals in Abkhazian.
Overview
In Abkhazian, plurals are formed by adding a suffix to the end of the word. The suffixes used depend on the gender of the noun. There are three genders in Abkhazian: masculine, feminine, and neuter.
Masculine Plurals
Masculine nouns in Abkhazian take the suffix -аб when forming the plural. For example, the word for "man" is адыгэ (adəgə). To make it plural, we add the suffix -аб, giving us адыгэаб (adəgəab).
Examples
- адыгэ (adəgə) - man → адыгэаб (adəgəab) - men
- апшы (apšə) - brother → апшыаб (apšəab) - brothers
- ахэ (axə) - father → ахэаб (axəab) - fathers
Feminine Plurals
Feminine nouns in Abkhazian take the suffix -эб when forming the plural. For example, the word for "woman" is адыгэхьэ (adəgəxə). To make it plural, we add the suffix -эб, giving us адыгэхьэб (adəgəxəeb).
Examples
- адыгэхьэ (adəgəxə) - woman → адыгэхьэб (adəgəxəeb) - women
- апшыхьэ (apšəxə) - sister → апшыхьэб (apšəxəeb) - sisters
- ахэхьэ (axəxə) - mother → ахэхьэб (axəxəeb) - mothers
Neuter Plurals
Neuter nouns in Abkhazian take the suffix -эм when forming the plural. For example, the word for "book" is ахэрэ (axərə). To make it plural, we add the suffix -эм, giving us ахэрэм (axərəm).
Examples
- ахэрэ (axərə) - book → ахэрэм (axərəm) - books
- ахьэрэ (axərə) - house → ахьэрэм (axərəm) - houses
- ахэрэхьэ (axərxə) - tree → ахэрэхьэм (axərxəm) - trees
Conclusion
We have now learned how to form plurals in Abkhazian. Remember that the suffix used depends on the gender of the noun. Masculine nouns take the suffix -аб, feminine nouns take the suffix -эб, and neuter nouns take the suffix -эм.
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