| character
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English zh [s:etymology_text]
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English zh [ld:sounds ls:tags,s:zh-pron]
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English zh [ld:senses ls:glosses]
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English ja [ld:head_templates s:expansion]
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English ja [ld:senses ls:glosses]
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English ko [ld:head_templates s:expansion]
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English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses]
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English vi [ld:head_templates s:expansion]
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English ko [ld:senses ls:glosses]
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character
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| 万
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mok
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Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).
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‖ 万(まん) • (man) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 万(ばん) • (ban-) ‖ 万(よろず) • (yorozu) ^(←よろづ (yorodu)?)
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ten thousand, myriad • various, many, all ‖ ten thousand, myriad ‖ (followed by a negative) even if, never • (followed by a negative) no matter what ‖ many • all ‖ ten thousand • a large number • all, everything
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万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man))
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Alternative form of 萬.
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canonical : 万: Hán Việt readings: vạn • canonical : mặc 万: Nôm readings: vàn • canonical : vạn • canonical : muôn
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Alternative form of 萬.
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万
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| 与
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bestow, impart, award, grant, give • participate in • provide • cause • gift • godsend
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与 (eumhun 줄 여 (jul yeo))
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Alternative form of 與 (“hanja form of 여 (“give; participate”)”)
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Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : dự • Hán-Nôm : đử
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与
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| 丕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 一 ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰrɯ) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 一
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phi • Middle-Chinese : phij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ
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large; grand • to act on; to follow • A particle. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 不 • Used in 可丕丕 (“heart beating”).
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large; grand
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丕 (eumhun 클 비 (keul bi))
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hanja form of 비 (“large; grand”)
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canonical : 丕: Hán Việt readings: phi 丕: Nôm readings: vầy • canonical : vậy • canonical : phỉ • canonical : bậy • canonical : phơi • canonical : chăng • canonical : chẳng • canonical : phi
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chữ Hán form of phi (“large; grand”). • Nôm form of vầy (“such; like this”). • Nôm form of vậy (“so; thus”).
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丕
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| 丞
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 卩 (“kneeling person”) + 廾 (“both hands”) + 凵 (“hole”) – to rescue a person from a hole. Compare 承. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part; rise; raise”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîng • Middle-Chinese : dzying • Middle-Chinese : dzyingH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing²
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to assist, to aid • (archaic) a low-level assistant to the governor of a county • Alternative form of 承 • a surname ‖ Original form of 拯 (zhěng, “to rescue”).
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to help, to rescue
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丞 (eumhun 도울 승 (doul seung)) ‖ 丞 (eumhun 구원할 증 (guwonhal jeung))
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(archaic) hanja form of 승 (“help”) ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 拯 (“hanja form of 증 (“help”)”)
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canonical : 丞: Hán Việt readings: thừa 丞: Hán Nôm readings: thừa • canonical : chẳng
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丞
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| 丟
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 (“one (item)”) + 去 (“to go; to remove”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiu
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to lose; to misplace • to be missing; to be lost • to throw; to cast; to toss; to discard • to put aside; to dismiss • (archaic) to orgasm; to cum
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to discard, to lose, to reject
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丟 (eumhun 아주 갈 주 (aju gal ju))
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丟
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| 么
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Variant of 幺. ‖ Simplified from 麽 (elimination of 麻). Officially adopted as the simplified form of 麽 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.
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‖
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‖
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么 • (yo) · 么 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)
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么
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| 乩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹
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method of divination involving planchette writing • Alternative form of 稽 (“to divine”)
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to divine; alternative form of 卟 or 稽.
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乩 • (gye) · 乩 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
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乩
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| 乱
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‖ 乱(らん) • (ran)
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chaos, disorder • disorderly ‖ chaos, disorder • revolt, rebellion
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乱
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| 争
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conflict; quarrel
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争
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| 亙
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 二 + 月 (“moon”). \ Possibly also the original form of 恆.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn • Middle-Chinese : kongH
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(of space or time) to extend all the way; to stretch • ^† continuous; complete • ^† completely; thoroughly • a surname
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request
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亙 (eum 긍 (geung))
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Hán-Nôm : cẳng • Hán-Nôm : cắng • Hán-Nôm : cứng • Hán-Nôm : gắng • Hán-Nôm : hẵng
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亙
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| 亟
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Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 + semantic 二, with 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) later added. ‖ Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 人 + semantic 二, with 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) later added.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Middle-Chinese : kik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : khiH
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urgently • urgent; pressing ‖ (literary) repeatedly; frequently
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sudden
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亟 • (geuk, gi) · 亟 • (geuk, gi) (hangeul 극, 기, revised geuk, gi, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, ki, Yale kuk, ki)
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Hán-Nôm : cấc • Hán-Nôm : cức • Hán-Nôm : cực
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亟
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| 仃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Middle-Chinese : teng
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Only used in 伶仃 (língdīng) and 仃伶.
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Hán-Nôm : đừng • Hán-Nôm : đần • Hán-Nôm : đành • Hán-Nôm : đình • Hán-Nôm : đứa • Hán-Nôm : dừng • Hán-Nôm : đinh
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仃
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| 仄
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 厂 (“cliff”) + phonetic 夨 (OC *ʔsrɯɡ, “man with crooked head”) – "oblique, slanted" ‖ From English cheque.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tseh • Middle-Chinese : tsrik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek¹
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slanting; oblique • narrow • uneasy; worried • oblique tone • Alternative form of 側／侧 (“side”) • (dialectal) to raise (cause to rise) • (loanword, Mainland China) zepto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ (Cantonese, dated) cheque
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be seen dimly • suggest, intimate, hint • faint • stupid
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仄 (eum 측 (cheuk))
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Hán-Nôm : trắc
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(linguistics, poetry, of a tone) being neither the ngang or huyền tone • (poetry, of a rhyme) carrying a trắc tone
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仄
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| 仞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nyinH
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(historical) a unit of measure, which had been defined to be 8 chi, 7 chi, 5 chi 6 cun, and 4 chi • to fathom; to measure depth or height • Alternative form of 刃 (rèn, “blade; sword; knife”) • Alternative form of 牣 (rèn, “to fill; full”) • Alternative form of 認／认 (rèn, “to recognize”) • Alternative form of 忍 (rěn, “to endure”) • Alternative form of 韌／韧 (rèn, “strong, tough”) • (historical) a place in Chu during the Spring and Autumn period
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‖ 仞(じん) • (jin)
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‖ ren, ancient Chinese unit of measure
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仞 (eum 인 (in))
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Hán-Nôm : nhẩn • Hán-Nôm : nhận
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仞
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| 仟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshing • Middle-Chinese : tshen
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(historical) leader of one thousand men • (financial) Alternative form of 千 (“thousand”) • Alternative form of 阡 (“footpath between fields going north/south”) • Alternative form of 芊 (“lush (vegetation)”)
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‖ 仟(せん) • (sen)
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‖ (financial, archaic) thousand
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仟 • (cheon) · 仟 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn)
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仟
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| 仳
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Middle-Chinese : phjieX • Middle-Chinese : bijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjij
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(literary) to part; to leave each other • to distinguish; to tell apart • Alternative form of 比 ‖ Only used in 仳倠.
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仳 (eum 비 (bi))
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Hán-Nôm : tị
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仳
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| 伉
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : khangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ
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(literary) to match; to be equal to • (literary) tall; strong • high; tall • upright • arrogant; haughty • (Wenzhounese) and • Alternative form of 抗 (kàng, “to resist”) • a surname ‖ upright ‖ (historical) A person's name.
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伉 • (hang) · 伉 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
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伉
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| 伕
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
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Alternative form of 夫 (“husband”) • Alternative form of 夫 (“common laborer”)
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伕
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| 会
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‖ 会(かい) • (kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(かい) • (-kai) ^(←くわい (kwai)?) ‖ 会(え) • (e) ^(←ゑ (we)?)
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‖ meeting, gathering • society, association, club ‖ meeting • party; function ‖ gathering; meeting • perceive; understand; comprehend • Alternative form of 絵 (e, “picture; drawing; painting”)
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会
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| 伽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡa, *ɡal) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ke⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gja ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹
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Original form of 茄 (qié). • Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Used in transcription. • Short for 伽利略 (jiālìlüè, “galileo (unit)”).
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‖ 伽(とぎ) • (togi)
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nursing • attending • entertainer • used for transliterating Sanskrit ‖ relieving one of boredom with a story; also, such a person • attending one in their bedroom; also, such a person • nursing or taking care of a person; also, such a person
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伽 (eumhun 절 가 (jeol ga))
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Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : giả • Hán-Nôm : gia • Hán-Nôm : nhà
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伽
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| 佇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ta-t (“to put; to place”). Cognate with 著 (OC *tas, *taɡ, *daɡ), 署 (OC *djas) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ • Middle-Chinese : drjoX
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(literary) to stand (for a long time) • to stop; to stay (for a long time) • to wait; to hope for; to look forward to • to store; to accumulate • (Hokkien) to be at; to be in; to be located • (Hokkien) (located) in; at • (Hokkien) during; in
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to stand (for a while)
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佇 (eumhun 우두커니 설 저 (udukeoni seol jeo))
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to stand (for a while) • to stay • to wait for • to store; to accumulate
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Hán-Nôm : giữ • Hán-Nôm : trữ
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佇
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| 体
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亻 (“person”) + 本 (“basis”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːnʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). ‖
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‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ
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‖ Alternative form of 笨 (bèn, “coarse appearance; inferior”) • Used in 体夫 (“pallbearer”). ‖ ^‡ name of prison
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‖ 体(たい) • (-tai) ‖ 体(たい) • (tai) ‖ 体(てい) • (tei)
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‖ counter for humanoid objects ‖ the body (e.g., of a human or animal) • the body (e.g., of a human or animal) · (particularly) the torso excluding the limbs: the trunk, abdomen • a substance, matter • a form, shape • (algebra) field (commutative ring with invertible nonzero elements) ‖ an outward appearance, look, aspect
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体 (eumhun 몸 체 (mom che)) ‖ 体 (eumhun 용렬할 분 (yongnyeolhal bun))
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Alternative form of 體 (“hanja form of 체 (“body”)”) ‖ Alternative form of 笨 (“hanja form of 분 (“mediocre; rough”)”)
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Hán-Nôm : thể ‖ Hán-Nôm : thấy
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body ‖ Alternative form of 𫌠/𧡊 (to see)
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体
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| 佔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjems, *teːm) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Middle-Chinese : tem
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to occupy; to possess ‖ Alternative form of 覘／觇 (“to peep; to look”) ‖ to whisper • Alternative form of 襜 (chān) ‖ Only used in 佔侸.
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possess, usurp, occupy by force
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佔 (eum 점 (jeom))
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occupy • seize • take
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Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : chiếm
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佔
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| 佗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːl, *l'aːl) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl). ‖ ‖ Probably from 底 (Yang, 2002): \ * tai → ta (→ taʔ); \ * tue → to (→ toʔ). \ For Zhangzhou Hokkien, from an ellipsis of 佗落 (tah-lo). ‖ Probably from 底 (Yang, 2002): \ * tai → ta (→ taʔ); \ * tue → to (→ toʔ). \ For Zhangzhou Hokkien, from an ellipsis of 佗落 (tah-lo). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Middle-Chinese : tha ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tá ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : toh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tio̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ
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Alternative form of 馱／驮 (“to carry on one's back”) ‖ Alternative form of 他 • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) which ‖ (Hokkien) where ‖ to add; to impute ‖ Only used in 委佗, alternative form of 委蛇 (wēiyí)
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佗 (eum 타 (ta))
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Hán-Nôm : đà
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佗
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| 佝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰoːs) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Middle-Chinese : xuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ
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Used in 佝僂／佝偻 (gōulóu). ‖ Only used in 佝瞀. ‖ Alternative form of 拘 (jū)
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佝 • (gu) · 佝 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
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佝
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| 佞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neːŋs) : phonetic 仁 (OC *njin) + semantic 女.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nengH
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eloquent • to flatter; to be good at flattery • flatterer • evil; wicked; crafty • hypocritical; hypocrisy • to feel dizzy • talent (usually in the humble expression 不佞 (bùnìng))
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flattery • insincerity
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佞 (eum 녕 (nyeong))
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flattery • glib
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Hán-Nôm : nịnh • Hán-Nôm : nạnh • Hán-Nôm : nến • Hán-Nôm : nính
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佞
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| 佬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 (“man; person”) + phonetic 老 (OC *ruːʔ). \ Found in certain southern dialects (chiefly Cantonese) as the colloquial word for “man” (for example, in the term 肥佬). Probably related to Zhuang raeuz ~ laeuz (“we; also a demonym: Rau peoples”), a widespread Tai word meaning “we; people” (Proto-Tai *rawᴬ). \ First attested in 1678 in the following passage from Guangdong Xinyu: \ 廣州謂平人曰佬，亦曰獠，賤稱也。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]广州谓平人曰佬，亦曰獠，贱称也。 [Literary Chinese, simp.] \ Guǎngzhōu wèi píngrén yuē lǎo, yì yuē liáo, jiànchēng yě. [Pinyin] \ People in Guangzhou call “common people” lau or leu (derogatory). \ Also compare Proto-Hmong *ʔljuwᴮ (“male”) (White Hmong lau (“male”)), Proto-Katuic *-law (“man”), as well as Lao ລາວ (lāo, “Lao < people”), Thai ลาว (laao). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇㄦ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu
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(chiefly Cantonese, dialectal Wu, often slightly derogatory) (adult) man; guy; fellow; chap (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ Only used in 侾佬 (“large”). ‖ (Southern Min) to cheat; to swindle
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Hán-Nôm : lão
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佬
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| 佯
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yang • Middle-Chinese : dzjang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tènn
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to pretend; to feign • Used in 佯佯. • Used in 倘佯 (chángyáng). • Used in 儴佯 (xiāngyáng) and 翔佯 (xiángyáng). • Used in 仿佯. ‖ (Southern Min) to pretend; to feign
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Lie, deceive, show a false appearance.
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佯 • (yang) · 佯 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang)
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佯
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| 佰
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mbraːɡ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 百 (OC *praːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pah ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek
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(financial) Alternative form of 百 (“hundred”) • (archaic) troop of 100 soldiers, or a leader of such unit, centurion ‖ Alternative form of 陌
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‖ 佰(はく) • (haku)
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‖ (financial, archaic) one hundred
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佰 (eum 백 (baek))
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(백 사람 어른 백, baek-saram-eoreun-): centurion • (일백 백, il-baek-): hundred
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Hán-Nôm : bách
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佰
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| 佻
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‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu¹ • Middle-Chinese : thew • Middle-Chinese : dew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ
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frivolous • to steal • Alternative form of 挑 ‖ (walking) alone • graceful; elegant ‖ light; quick ‖ to hang; to suspend • far ‖ to delay ‖ arrogant ‖ Alternative form of 肇
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佻 (eum 조 (jo))
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Hán-Nôm : điêu • Hán-Nôm : đào • Hán-Nôm : diêu
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佻
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| 侃
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‖ From 侃大山.
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‖
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(literary) upright; outspoken; straightforward • (literary) harmonious and happy; congenial • to boast; to tease ‖ (colloquial) to chatter idly • (dialectal) to chat
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侃 • (gan) · 侃 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan)
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侃
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| 侏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjo) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjo) : semantic 人 (“human”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsyu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡ
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Used in 侏儒 (zhūrú). ‖ Used in 侏張／侏张.
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侏 (eum 주 (ju))
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Hán-Nôm : thù
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侏
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| 侖
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 亼 + 冊 (“book”). The component 亼 can be interpreted as either "gather" ("to gather books" therefore "order") or as a downward mouth ("reading words as they're written" therefore "order").
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Middle-Chinese : lwin
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Alternative form of 倫／伦 (“reason; order”)
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think, be methodical
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侖 • (ryun>yun) · 侖 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun)
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Hán-Nôm : lỏn • Hán-Nôm : lốn • Hán-Nôm : lổn • Hán-Nôm : lôn • Hán-Nôm : lủn • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : lũn • Hán-Nôm : lụm • Hán-Nôm : lụn • Hán-Nôm : trôn
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侖
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| 俎
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Pictogram (象形) – sacrificial altar for meat. The altar's legs are on the left and the vessel is on the right.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjoX
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(historical) sacrificial altar; stand or vessel for meat and food sacrifice • (literary) chopping board; chopping block • a surname
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‖ 俎(そ) • (so)
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‖ sacrificial altar • cutting board; a chopping board
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俎 • (jo) · 俎 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho)
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俎
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| 俑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Middle-Chinese : thuwng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
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tomb figurine
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‖ 俑(よう) • (yō)
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‖ wooden figure buried with the dead
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俑 (eum 용 (yong))
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Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : dũng
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俑
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| 俚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). \ ; folk, popular \ ; ethnic groups living in southern China ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : liX ‖
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(obsolete) to rely on • (literary) rustic; vulgar; unpolished • folk; popular • (historical) general name for non-Han ethnic groups living in southern China ‖ (Suzhounese) he; she
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俚 (eum 리 (ri))
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Hán-Nôm : lái • Hán-Nôm : lia • Hán-Nôm : lí
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俚
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| 俞
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In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form. ‖ In oracle bone script, it was likely a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 凡 + phonetic inverted 由 (OC *lɯw). It's also possible that the phonetic component is instead an ancient form of 鏃 (OC *ʔsoːɡ). In bronze inscriptions, 凡 corrupted into 舟, and the bottom-right subcomponent gradually corrupted into two lines (now written 刂). The upper-right subcomponent (亼) moved to the top of the character in bamboo slips, and 舟 was further corrupted into 月, arriving at the modern form.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau³ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ
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to approve; to consent • yes • to reply; to respond • (literary) satisfied; at ease • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 腧 (“acupoint”) ‖ a surname ‖ Alternative form of 愈 (yù, “even more”) • Alternative form of 癒／愈 (yù, “to recover”) ‖ Used in 俞兒／俞儿.
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俞 (eum 유 (yu))
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Hán-Nôm : dũ
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俞
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| 俟
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zriX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gj+j
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to wait ‖ Used in 万俟 (Mòqí).
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俟 • (sa, gi) · 俟 • (sa, gi) (hangeul 사, 기, revised sa, gi, McCune–Reischauer sa, ki)
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俟
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| 俠
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Middle-Chinese : hep
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chivalrous person; knight-errant • chivalrous; gallant
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‖ 俠(きょう) • (kyō) ^(←けふ (kefu)?) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) ‖ 俠(きゃん) • (kyan) -na (adnominal 俠(きゃん)な (kyan na), adverbial 俠(きゃん)に (kyan ni))
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chivalrous person • chivalry • knight-errant • tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous spirit ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: a chivalrous person; a tomboy ‖ Kyūjitai form of 侠: chivalrous, tomboyish
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俠 • (hyeop) · 俠 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
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chivalrous person • knight-errant
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Hán-Nôm : hiệp
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俠
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| 俾
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‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Middle-Chinese : pjeX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟ
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(literary, formal) in order to; so that; so as to; therefore; thus; thereby • Original form of 裨 (bì, “to benefit”). ‖ Only used in 俾倪. ‖ Only used in 安俾. ‖ Alternative form of 比 ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 畀
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俾 (eum 비 (bi))
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Hán-Nôm : tỉ
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俾
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| 倀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaŋ, *rtaːŋs) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Middle-Chinese : trhjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : traengH
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insane person • ghost of one devoured by a tiger who becomes a servant of the tiger and helps it find more victims ‖ Only used in 倀悙／伥悙.
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倀 (eum 창 (chang))
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Hán-Nôm : trành
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倀
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| 倆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋʔ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兩 (OC *raŋʔ, *raŋs). \ Contraction of 兩個 (liǎngge, “two + classifier”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng
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(colloquial) functioning as 兩 (“two”) + an implied classifier: two; pair; couple; both • (colloquial, chiefly Mainland China) a few; some ‖ Only used in 伎倆／伎俩 (jìliǎng).
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倆 (eum 량 (ryang))
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Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lạng
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倆
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| 倌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːn, *kroːns) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 宦 (OC *ɡʷraːns, “servant; official”). \ 官 (OC *koːn, “official”) is probably the same word as 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns) (Schuelsser, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kwan • Middle-Chinese : kwaenH
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servant who drives a carriage • groom; keeper of domestic animals • worker in a teahouse or restaurant who provides service
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assistant in wine shop • groom (keeper of domestic animals)
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倌 (eum 관 (gwan))
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Hán-Nôm : quan • Hán-Nôm : quán
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倌
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| 倏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯwɢ) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 犬
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Middle-Chinese : syuwk
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sudden; abrupt • suddenly; abruptly; hastily
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倏 • (suk) · 倏 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)
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Hán-Nôm : thúc
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倏
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| 們
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn). \ First attested in the Song dynasty (Lü, 1940). Various other glyphs representing *mVn have been attested in Song dynasty texts, including 懣, 滿, 瞞, 門. \ It is probably related to 弭 (MC mjieX) (in 我弭) and 偉 (MC hjw+jX) (in 兒郎偉／儿郎伟 (érláng wěi)) attested in the Tang dynasty (Lü, 1940); it is related to 每 (měi), as in 我每 (wǒměi), common during the Jin (Jurchen), Yuan and early Ming dynasties (Lü, 1985). \ Proposed etymologies: \ * From the personal pronoun plural marker 輩 (OC *puːls) (Lü, 1985; Feng, 1997; Li, 2013). \ * From 門 (MC mwon, “door; clan; family”) (Ota, 2003; Yu, 1989; Li and Shi, 2000). \ * From 每人 (MC mwojX nyin, “everybody”) (Norman, 1988); compare Eastern Min 各儂／各侬 (“everybody”), used in 我各儂／我各侬 (“we; us”), 汝各儂／汝各侬 (“you (plural)”), 伊各儂／伊各侬 (“they”). \ * From 物 (MC mjut, “thing”) (Jiang, 1995). \ * From plural features in Dravidian languages, cf. Classical Tamil -m, -mar, -mār suffixes, Tamil நாம் (nām, “inclusive we”), via Indic languages by means of Buddhist transmission (Chen & Ye, 2020). \ Also compare 您. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ
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Suffix indicating plural for pronouns, some animated nouns and personifications. • Suffix attached to the name of the representative of a group to refer to that whole group. • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) General suffix indicating plural. ‖ Only used in 們渾／们浑 (mènhún).
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們 (eum 문 (mun))
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Hán-Nôm : món • Hán-Nôm : môn • Hán-Nôm : mon
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們
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| 倖
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīng • Middle-Chinese : heangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng
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to favor; to dote on • by fluke or chance ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 婞 (xìng, “obstinate”) ‖ (Southern Min) to spoil; to pamper; to indulge
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倖 (eum 행 (haeng))
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Hán-Nôm : hãnh • Hán-Nôm : hạnh
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倖
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| 値
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‖ 値(あたい) • (atai) ^(←あたひ (atafi)?) ‖ 値(ね) • (ne)
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price • value ‖ value ‖ price
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値 (eum 치 (chi))
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Hán-Nôm : trị • Hán-Nôm : trịa
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値
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| 倥
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung² • Middle-Chinese : khuwngX • Middle-Chinese : khuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung² • Middle-Chinese : khuwngX • Middle-Chinese : khuwngH
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Only used in 倥侗 (kōngtóng). ‖ Only used in 倥傯／倥偬 (kǒngzǒng).
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倥 • (gong) · 倥 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong)
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倥
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| 倨
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Middle-Chinese : kjoH
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(literary) haughty; arrogant • Alternative form of 踞 (jù, “to crouch; to squat”) • Alternative form of 鋸／锯 (jù, “saw”)
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倨 • (geo) · 倨 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ)
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倨
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| 倩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs) : semantic 人 + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàn • Middle-Chinese : tshenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tshjengH
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smiling • (beautiful) man • beautiful; pretty; handsome • fast ‖ to ask someone to do something • to have the aid of • to borrow • (Min) to employ; to hire • (Teochew) to beg; to plea; to please; to excuse oneself. Example: 倩食 (ciah4 ziah8) is a very polite way of asking people to eat. • (Hokkien) to urge; to entrust • son-in-law • servant; domestic servant • Alternative form of 銃／铳 (chòng). Only used in 飯匙倩／饭匙倩.
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倩 (eum 천 (cheon))
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Hán-Nôm : thiến
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倩
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| 倪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeː) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 兒 (OC *ŋeː, *ŋje).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Middle-Chinese : ngej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶
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small child • small and weak • origin; beginning • bound; limit; extremity • to differentiate • (Wu) I; we • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 睨 (nì, “to look sideways; to squint”)
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small child • edge, limit, boundary
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倪 (eum 예 (ye))
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Hán-Nôm : nghê • Hán-Nôm : hầu
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倪
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| 倭
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Middle-Chinese : 'wa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Middle-Chinese : 'jwe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo² • Middle-Chinese : 'waX
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(historical, now derogatory) Japan; Yamato • (in some animal names) dwarf; pygmy ‖ Used in 倭遲／倭迟, alternative form of 逶迤 (wēiyí, “winding; meandering”) ‖ Only used in 倭墮髻／倭堕髻 (wǒduòjì, “a hairstyle for women that was popular during the Han Dynasty in which the hair was gathered up in a lopsided bun”).
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‖ 倭(わ) • (Wa)
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Yamato • the country of Japan ‖ ancient Japan
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倭 (eumhun 왜나라 왜 (waenara wae)) ‖ 倭 (eumhun 유순할 위 (yusunhal wi))
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hanja form of 왜 (“ancient Japan, Yamato”) ‖ (literary Chinese) hanja form of 위 (“docile, obedient”)
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Hán-Nôm : uy • Hán-Nôm : oải • Hán-Nôm : nụy • Hán-Nôm : nuỵ • Hán-Nôm : oa
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倭
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| 偃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qanʔ) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 匽 (OC *qanʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ián • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX
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to fall on one's back; to lie down; to flop down • to desist; to cease; to stop
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dam • weir
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偃 (eum 언 (eon))
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Hán-Nôm : ễnh
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偃
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| 偌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 若 (OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njaɡ). ‖ ‖ From 你 (“you (singular)”), with -k (plural marker) and tone change (Gan, 1997). Possibly a contraction of 你個／你个 (cf. Zhang, 1997, suggesting it to be a contraction of 若個／若个) or 你屋 (Zhang, 2005; Kwok, 2006). \ Compare 㑢 (“they”), from 佢 (“he; she; it”). ‖ ‖ Contraction of 若夥 (Mei, 2015). Compare Fuzhou Eastern Min /nˡuoʔ⁵⁻⁵³ uɑi²⁴²/ > /nˡuɑi²⁴²/.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ ‖ ‖ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juā
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so; that ‖ a surname ‖ (dialectal Cantonese, including Siyi Yue, Yangjiang) you (plural) ‖ (Taishanese) someone (else) ‖ how much; how • how (indicating surprise, delight, etc.)
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偌 (eum 야 (ya))
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偌
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| 偕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːl) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 皆 (OC *kriːl)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâi • Middle-Chinese : keaj
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to accompany; together; in company • strong • to unify • to be in harmony (with) • Alternative form of 皆 (jiē, “all”) • a surname
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偕 • (hae, hye) · 偕 • (hae, hye) (hangeul 해, 혜, revised hae, hye, McCune–Reischauer hae, hye)
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偕
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| 傀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) : semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ). ‖ 傀 (OC *kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ) "extraordinary" (Zhouli) > 瑰 (OC *kuːl, *ɡuːl) "rare, marvelous" > a kind precious stone" (Shijing). \ 傀 (OC *kûi) seemingly had the same OC rhyme as 怪 (OC *kwrêh; *kwêh); they may be merely variants (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Middle-Chinese : khwojX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwoj
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Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi, “puppet”). ‖ odd; peculiar; extraordinary • great
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large
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傀 (eumhun 꼭두각시/허수아비 괴 (kkokdugaksi/heosuabi goe)) ‖ 傀 (eumhun 클 괴 (keul goe))
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hanja form of 괴 (“puppet”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 괴 (“large”)
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Hán-Nôm : khôi • Hán-Nôm : khổi • Hán-Nôm : ngội • Hán-Nôm : ổi
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傀
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| 傖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄔㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Middle-Chinese : dzraeng
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vulgar person, country man
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vulgar person • country man
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傖 • (chang) · 傖 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
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vulgar person • country man
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傖
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| 傢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹
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stubborn, obstinate, intransigent
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傢 (eum 가 (ga))
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Hán-Nôm : gia
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傢
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| 傭
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : yowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhjowng
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servant; maid • to employ; to hire • salary; wages • Alternative form of 庸 (“ordinary; mediocre; a kind of tax during the Tang dynasty”) ‖ equal; even; fair; just
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‖ 傭(よう) • (yō)
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employ, hire ‖ hire; employ
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傭 (eumhun 품팔이 용 (pumpari yong)) ‖ 傭 (eumhun 고를 총 (goreul chong))
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hanja form of 용 (“employ; hire”) ‖ (literary Chinese) hanja form of 총 (“even; fair”)
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傭
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| 僑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrew) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu • Middle-Chinese : gjew
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to reside abroad; to sojourn; to lodge • people residing abroad • (historical) related to refugees who escaped Xianbei rule in the Sixteen Kingdoms period and resettled in areas still controlled by the Eastern Jin government • diaspora
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person residing abroad
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僑 • (gyo) · 僑 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
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canonical : 僑: Hán Việt readings: kiều 僑: Nôm readings: quều
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(literary) a person who takes up residence in a foreign country
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僑
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| 僖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xi
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joyful; happy; glad; delighted • a surname
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僖 • (hui) · 僖 • (hui) (hangeul 희)
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僖
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| 僥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋeːwʔ, *ŋeːw) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ
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lucky • by chance; by luck ‖ Only used in 僬僥／僬侥. ‖ fake
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僥 (eum 요 (yo))
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Hán-Nôm : nhau • Hán-Nôm : nghẹo
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僥
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| 僮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doːŋ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 童 (OC *doːŋ) ‖ See 壯.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : duwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong³
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boy • servant • (historical) page; boy servant • ignorant • Alternative form of 動／动 (dòng) • a surname ‖ (obsolete) (～族) Alternative name for 壯／壮 (zhuàng, “Zhuang (people)”).
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child • fool, foolish • servant
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僮 (eum 동 (dong))
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Hán-Nôm : đồng
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僮
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| 僱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo
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to employ; to hire • to be employed; to be hired • to rent; to lease • a surname: Gu
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僱
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| 儂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːŋ) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ). \ ; “Person; I; me > suffix for pronouns” in southeastern varieties \ Its senses of “person; human being” and “pronoun suffix” are well-attested in the classical literature, dating back to the Six Dynasties. At the present time, traces of this word are found in various Southern regions such as Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang, in Wu, Min, Hui and Gan. \ ; “Person; human” \ ; “I” \ ; “Pronoun suffix” \ : \ : A similar chain of changes happened in the Wu varieties to arrive at the modern divergent dialectal forms for “you (singular)”. \ : \ : Some lects, such as Shanghainese, have merged the two syllables into one, leaving 儂／侬 to mean “you (singular)”. \ With regard to the etymology of this word, Huang (1980), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same as 農 (OC *nuːŋ, “farmer; peasant”). The use of this word as a pronoun may have originated as a form of personal deprecation and then come to be used as a full-fledged pronoun. Pan and Chen (1995) disagree, proposing that nong was originally a Baiyue substrate word possibly of Kra-Dai origin, and possibly an original clan name later developing to mean “person; I”. Compare Zhuang Nungz (“a surname”) and name of the 11ᵗʰ century Zhuang leader Nong Zhigao, as well as the name of the Nùng people in Vietnam. ‖ Probably a Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Proto-Tai *nwoːŋꟲ (“younger sibling”) (whence Zhuang nuengx (“younger sibling”)), Southern Kam nongx (“younger sibling”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : nowng ‖
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(coastal Min, dialectal Wu) person; human being (Classifier: 隻／只 md; 個／个 mn) • (coastal Min) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er • (coastal Min) physical, psychological or moral quality or condition • (coastal Min) others; other people • (Wu, coastal Min) I; me • (archaic or Wu) you (singular) • (dialectal Wu) he, him; she, her; it • (Min, Wu) Suffix for pronouns, functioning as a meaningless particle or a pluralising particle. • a surname. Nong ‖ (dialectal Cantonese) child • (dialectal Cantonese) son • (Leizhou Min) infant • (Hainanese, polite, humble) Used as a first-person singular pronoun, especially used by someone in the younger generation. • (Hainanese, endearing) A pronoun used by someone in the older generation to refer to someone in the younger generation.
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‖ 儂(わし) • (washi)
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‖ (mainly Western Japan) I, me
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儂 (eum 농 (nong))
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Hán-Nôm : nông • Hán-Nôm : nùng • Hán-Nôm : noọng
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儂
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| 儈
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH
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go-between, broker, proxy
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儈 (eum 괴 (goe))
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Hán-Nôm : cúi
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儈
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| 儐
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjin
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to entertain guests • someone who entertains guests • to display; to exhibit • Alternative form of 擯／摈 (bìn, “to reject; to abandon; to discard”) ‖ to respect • Alternative form of 顰／颦 (pín, “to frown; to knit one's brows”)
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儐 • (bin) · 儐 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin)
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|
|
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儐
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| 儔
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : dawH
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companion, mate, colleague • people of the same kind • to match; to be on par with • who ‖ ^‡ Alternative term for 華蓋／华盖 (huágài). • ^‡ hide; conceal
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companion, mate, colleague
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儔 (eum 주 (ju))
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Hán-Nôm : trù
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儔
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| 儘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 亻 + phonetic 盡 (OC *ʔslinʔ, *zlinʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐn
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utmost; extreme; furthest • to do one's utmost; to do all one can; to do one's best • to give priority to
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‖ 儘(まま) or 儘(まんま) • (mama or manma)
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as it is ‖ the same, unchanged state; state as it is • (mostly in the form 儘になる (mama ni naru)) the desired or ideal state; freedom • act of leaving things as it is • (writing and editing) ママ: sic, as it is
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儘 (eum 진 (jin))
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Hán-Nôm : tẫn
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儘
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| 儡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls) : semantic 人 (“man”) + phonetic 畾 (OC *ruːl)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Middle-Chinese : lwoj • Middle-Chinese : lwojX
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Only used in 傀儡 (kuǐlěi).
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puppet • defeat
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儡 (eumhun 꼭두각시 뢰 (kkokdugaksi roe), word-initial (South Korea) 꼭두각시 뇌 (kkokdugaksi noe))
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hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“puppet”)
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Hán-Nôm : lỗi
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儡
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| 儲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *da) : semantic 人 + phonetic 諸 (OC *tjaː, *tja).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû • Middle-Chinese : drjo
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to store; to reserve; to save money • stockpiled materials • to wait; to await • heir to the throne • Used in 儲與／储与. • a surname
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profit
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儲 (eum 저 (jeo))
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Hán-Nôm : trữ • Hán-Nôm : trừ
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儲
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| 儷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːls) : semantic 人 (“person”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lejH ‖
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married couple • (poetry) of a couplet ‖ (Eastern Min) only
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companion
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儷 (eum 려 (ryeo))
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Hán-Nôm : lệ
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儷
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| 儼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giám • Middle-Chinese : ngjaemX
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(literary) grave, respectful, majestic • (literary) as if, seemingly, like • to raise one's head • neatly arranged
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儼 (eum 엄 (eom))
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Hán-Nôm : nghiễm
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儼
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| 兀
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; “to cut off the feet” ‖ ‖ Borrowed from Turkic, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *ol (Zhang and Zhang, 2007). Compare Old Turkic 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹), Turkish o (“he, she, it; that”), Uyghur ئۇ (u, “he, she, it; that”), Chuvash вӑл (văl, “he, she, it”) and Karakhanid اُلْ (ol, “he, she, it; that”). First recorded in the Song Dynasty: \ : \ 前世謂「阿睹」，猶今諺云「兀底」；「寧馨」，猶「恁地」也；皆不指一物一事之詞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]前世谓「阿睹」，犹今谚云「兀底」；「宁馨」，犹「恁地」也；皆不指一物一事之词。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Song Dynasty, 莊綽, 《雞肋編》 \ Qiánshì wèi “ādǔ”, yóu jīn yàn yún “wùde”; “níngxīn”, yóu “nèndì” yě; jiē bù zhǐ yī wù yī shì zhī cí. [Pinyin] \ (please add an English translation of this usage example) ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Middle-Chinese : ngwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶
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towering • bald • to cut off the feet • unpeaceful • a surname ‖ Only used in 兀禿／兀秃. ‖ (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) that • (archaic) Used before pronouns to form bisyllabic pronouns. ‖ (Northern Min) that ‖ still; yet
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towering; high • bald
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兀 (eum 올 (ol))
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Hán-Nôm : ngột • Hán-Nôm : ngát • Hán-Nôm : ngút
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兀
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| 兇
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng • Middle-Chinese : xjowngX
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terrible; fearful • fierce; ferocious • ruffian; evildoer; criminal • act of violence; murder; evil • (Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) ugly • (Cantonese) to intimidate
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ill luck
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兇 (eumhun 흉악할 흉 (hyung'akhal hyung))
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Hán-Nôm : hung
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兇
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| 兑
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exchange • convert • dui (one of the trigrams of the I Ching: swamp, west)
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兑 • (tae, ye) · 兑 • (tae, ye) (hangeul 태, 예, revised tae, ye, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, ye)
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兑
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| 兕
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Pictogram (象形) .
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zijX
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a kind of bovine-like animal; traditionally often thought of as a female rhinoceros (Bencao Gangmu), modern research suggests it probably originally referred to wild water buffalo (Schuessler 2007).
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兕 (eum 시 (si))
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Hán-Nôm : tỉ
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兕
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| 兗
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin²
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Only used in 兗州／兖州 (Yǎnzhōu).
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兗 • (yeon) · 兗 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
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兗
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| 党
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng
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a surname • Used in 党項 (Dǎngxiàng).
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‖ ‖ 党(とう) • (tō) ‖ 党(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 党(たむら) • (tamura)
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Mostly used in 党(タン)項(グート) (tangūto, “Tangut”) ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ political party ‖ Alternative form of 屯
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党
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| 内
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‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(うち) • (uchi) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(ない) • (nai) ‖ 内(だい) • (dai)
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‖ the inside, within (a physical location) • something between, among • something while, during, inside or within a span of time • (when used possessively) one’s own, my, our ‖ (informal, women's speech) I, me ‖ the inside or middle (of something) • (Buddhism) Buddhist teachings on the inner self or ego, as opposed to non-Buddhist ones ‖ inside • mainland ‖ inside, interior, inner • imperial court
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内 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae)) ‖ 内 (eumhun 들일 납 (deuril nap))
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‖
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Hán-Nôm : nội • Hán-Nôm : nói • Hán-Nôm : nỗi • Hán-Nôm : nòi • Hán-Nôm : nụi • Hán-Nôm : nồi
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内
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| 冑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢs) : semantic 冃 + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiū • Middle-Chinese : drjuwH
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(historical) helmet worn by warriors in ancient times
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‖ 冑(かぶと) • (kabuto)
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helmet ‖ Alternative form of 兜
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冑 • (ju) · 冑 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
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(투구 주, tugu-): helmet (especially, made of iron)
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冑
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| 冕
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Middle-Chinese : mjenX
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ceremonial cap; crown • (by extension) things similar to a crown
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‖ 冕(べん) • (ben)
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‖ crown
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冕 (eumhun 면류관 면 (myeollyugwan myeon))
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crown
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Hán-Nôm : miện • Hán-Nôm : mịn
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冕
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| 写
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photograph, copy, replicate, reproduce, transcribe • be photographed • describe
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写
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| 冢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *toŋʔ) : semantic 勹 (“wrap”) + phonetic 豖 (OC *tʰoɡ) – wrapped in a burial shroud. Top component now simplified to 冖. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/r-duŋ (“mountain; hillock”) (STEDT). Cognate with Burmese တောင် (taung, “mountain”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trjowngX
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Original form of 塚／冢 (zhǒng, “mausoleum; tomb; burial mound”). • mountain summit • (prefix) eldest, senior in rank
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冢 • (chong) · 冢 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong)
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canonical : 冢: Hán Việt readings: trủng 冢: Nôm readings: trũng • canonical : trổng
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chữ Hán form of trủng (“a grand grave or burial mound”). • Nôm form of trũng (“a deep hole in the ground”). • Nôm form of trổng (“vague, indiscriminate”).
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冢
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| 冽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *red) : semantic 冫 (“ice”) + phonetic 列 (OC *red).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Middle-Chinese : ljet
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cold; frigid; freezing • Alternative form of 洌 (liè, “pure; clear”)
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‖ 冽(ただし) or 冽(たゞし) • (Tadashi)
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‖ a male given name
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冽 (eum 렬 (ryeol))
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Hán-Nôm : liệt
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冽
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| 凄
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uncanny • awful, whacking, enormous, bloody, terrible
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凄 (eum 처 (cheo))
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Hán-Nôm : thê
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凄
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| 凋
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
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to wither; to fall • to exhaust; to fade • (of life and business) depressed; in decline
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wither, wilt, fade
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凋 (eum 조 (jo))
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Hán-Nôm : điêu
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凋
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| 凜
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lím • Middle-Chinese : gim • Middle-Chinese : limX
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freezing cold • solemn • (literary) fearful
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‖ 凜(りん) • (Rin)
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‖ a female given name
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凜 (eum 름 (reum))
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Hán-Nôm : lẫm
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凜
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| 凱
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Two possibilities: \ * Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 豈 (“drum”) + phonetic 几 (OC *krilʔ), in which case 豈 may have been the initial form of this character. \ * Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ) + semantic 几. \ Originally used to mean “music of triumph; victory music”.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái • Middle-Chinese : khojX
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music of triumph; paean • triumph; victory • triumphant; victorious • Alternative form of 愷／恺 (kǎi, “peaceful; harmonious”) • (Taiwan, colloquial) generous with money • a surname
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triumph, victory
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凱 (eum 개 (gae))
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Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : ngai
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凱
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| 刎
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mjunX
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to cut one's throat (especially in suicide) • to cut off; to sever
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decapitate
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刎 (eum 문 (mun))
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Hán-Nôm : vẫn
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刎
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| 刪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːn) : phonetic 冊 (OC *sʰreːɡ) + semantic 刀 (“knife”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : sraen
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to delete • (～日) (telegraphy) the fifteenth day of a month
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cut down
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刪 (eum 산 (san))
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Hán-Nôm : san
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刪
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| 别
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Alternative form of 別
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别 (eum 별 (byeol))
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Hán-Nôm : biệt
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别
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| 刹
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‖ 刹(さつ) • (satsu) ‖ 刹(せつ) • (setsu)
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Buddhist temple; pagoda ‖ Alternative form of 檫. ‖ (Buddhism)
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刹 (eumhun 절 찰 (jeol chal))
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hanja form of 찰 (“Buddhist temple; pagoda”)
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Hán-Nôm : sát
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刹
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| 剁
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Cantonese · Jyutping : do³ • Middle-Chinese : twaH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tok
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to chop by pounding; to mince; to hash; to cut ‖ (Hokkien, Teochew) Alternative form of 斲 (“to chop”)
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剁
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| 剋
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‖ From Middle Chinese 刻 (MC khok) (cf. Sun, 2018, p. 518).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak • Middle-Chinese : khok ‖
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to counteract; to work against; to conflict (especially of one's fate with someone else) • (literary) to overcome; to subdue; to capture; to defeat; to vanquish; to prevail; to surmount; to overthrow • (literary) to restrain; to cut down • (literary) to be able to • (literary) severe; harsh • (literary) to injure; to harm • (literary) [to digest • (literary) to set a time limit ‖ (colloquial) to scold; to censure • (colloquial) to beat • (dialectal) to dig (with the hand)
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剋 • (geuk) · 剋 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk)
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canonical : 剋: Hán Việt readings: khắc 剋: Nôm readings: khắc
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chữ Hán form of khắc (“beat, hit (in casual language)”). • chữ Hán form of khắc (“scold, rebuke (in casual language)”). • Nôm form of khắc (“opposite”).
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剋
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| 剌
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˊ
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perverse; unreasonable • to contradict; to violate • Used in 剌剌 and 撥剌／拨剌. • Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (lá, “to slash; to cut in two”)
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opposed • biased
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剌 • (ral) · 剌 • (ral) (hangeul 랄, revised ral, McCune–Reischauer ral)
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Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lạt
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剌
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| 剎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːd) : phonetic 殺 (OC *sreːds, *sreːd) + semantic 刂. \ Transcription of the kṣV (क्ष) sequence in various Sanskrit words, probably via Khotanese or Gandhari 𐨐𐨿𐨮 (kṣ /*tʂ(ə), *ʈʂ(ə)/) (Bailey, 1946), including: \ * Sanskrit क्षेत्र (kṣetra, “land; place of pilgrimage”) (剎多羅) \ * Sanskrit क्षण (kṣaṇa, “instant (in time)”) (剎那) \ * Sanskrit क्षेम (kṣema, “residence”) (剎摩) \ * Sanskrit क्षत्रिय (kṣatriya, “warrior caste; kshatriya”) (剎怛利耶, 剎帝利, 剎利) ‖ From 煞 (shā), in turn from 殺／杀 (shā).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat
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Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) land; world; place; area • Clipping of 剎多羅／刹多罗 (chàduōluó). · (Buddhism) place of pilgrimage; kshetra; Buddhist temple; Buddhist monastery; pagoda • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (Buddhism) instant; moment; impermanence • Clipping of 剎那／刹那 (chànà). · (by extension) brief moment; short moment ‖ to brake (a car); to stop a car
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剎 • (chal) · 剎 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)
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Hán-Nôm : sát
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剎
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| 剜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːn) : phonetic 宛 (OC *qon, *qonʔ) + semantic 刂.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'wan
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to cut out; to scoop out
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剜 (eum 완 (wan))
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Hán-Nôm : uyển
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剜
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| 剝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *proːɡ) : phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ) + semantic 刀.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mok¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Middle-Chinese : paewk
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(Classical) to cut apart • to peel; to skin; to shell • to fall off; to erode; to come off (of skin, paint, etc。) • to strip; to deprive; to exploit • (Cantonese, Hakka, Zhongshan Min) to take off (clothes) • (Hokkien) to take off; to remove; to take down (something to attached to something else) • (Hokkien) to snatch; to take away by force; to rob; to mug
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peel • peel off • strip
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剝 (eum 박 (bak))
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to strip • undress • to cut, trim • injure
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Hán-Nôm : bác • Hán-Nôm : bóc
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剝
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| 剥
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‖ 剥(はく) • (haku)
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peel • peel off • strip ‖ coming off, peeling off
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剥
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| 剴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹ • Middle-Chinese : koj • Middle-Chinese : ngoj
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scythe • suitability
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剴 • (gae) · 剴 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae)
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剴
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| 剷
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Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuánn
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(Hokkien) Alternative form of 㔊 (“thóaⁿ”)
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剷 • (san) · 剷 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san)
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剷
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| 剽
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu • Middle-Chinese : bjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewH
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intrepid • agile • frivolous • rob • pierce • to attack • plagiarize
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‖ 剽(ひょう) • (hyō)
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‖ a threat
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剽 • (pyo) · 剽 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo)
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剽
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| 劉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 金 (“metal”) + semantic 刂 (“knife”). \ Often written as 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) in the oracle bone script. \ ;kill, slaughter \ ;battle-axe \ ;surname \ :Two origins are recorded: from 劉累 Liú Lěi, descendant of Emperor Yao and dragon-keeper of King Kong Jia of Xia; and from the Liu state (劉國) ruled by Duke Kang of Liu, younger brother of King Ding of Zhou.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw
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(obsolete) a type of battle axe • (obsolete) to kill; to slaughter • (obsolete) to conquer • (obsolete) to wither • (～國) State of Liu during the Zhou dynasty • a surname
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‖ 劉(りゅう) • (Ryū)
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axe • kill ‖ a surname from Chinese
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劉 (eumhun 죽일 류 (jugil ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 죽일 유 (jugil yu))
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hanja form of 류/유 (“to kill”)
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Hán-Nôm : Lưu
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Chữ Hán form of Lưu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
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劉
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| 劑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːls, *ʔslel) : phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 刂. \ From 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls, “orderly”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsjwe • Middle-Chinese : dzejH
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to trim; to prune • to adjust; to make up (a concoction); to concoct • (historical) contract for trading • small piece of dough; dough which has been kneaded • (traditional Chinese medicine) medicinal preparation; concoction • pharmaceutical preparation; medicament • dose; dosage • (chemistry) agent; reagent • Classifier for doses of medicine.
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劑 (eum 제 (je))
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Hán-Nôm : tễ • Hán-Nôm : xẻ
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劑
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| 劬
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gju
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Only used in 勤劬 (qínqú).
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劬 • (gu) · 劬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
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Hán-Nôm : cù
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劬
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| 励
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Simplified from 勵 (厲 → 厉).
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encourage • inspire
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励 • (ryeo) · 励 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ)
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励
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| 勁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯns, *keŋs) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Perhaps related to 強 (OC *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ, “strong”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengH
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powerful; strong • vigorous; with energy; lively • (Cantonese) amazing; terrific • (Cantonese) very; super ‖ vigor; energy; strength (Classifier: 股 m) • air; manner; expression (Classifier: 股 m) • interest; relish; gusto
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Powerful, power.
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勁 (eum 경 (gyeong))
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Hán-Nôm : kính • Hán-Nôm : cứng • Hán-Nôm : cánh • Hán-Nôm : kình
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勁
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| 勗
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勗 • (uk) · 勗 • (uk) (hangeul 욱, revised uk, McCune–Reischauer uk)
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勗
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| 勛
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun) + semantic 力.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun
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meritorious deed • merits • rank
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勛 (eum 훈 (hun))
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Hán-Nôm : huân
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勛
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| 勻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷin) : phonetic 螾 (OC *lin, *linʔ) + semantic 呂 (“two gold plates”) – a unit of weight, original form of 鈞. The phonetic component is an ancient form of 螾 (see 旬), now written 勹. The component 呂 has corrupted into 二.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ûn • Middle-Chinese : ywin
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equal; even • to spare; to make even • (Cantonese) thoroughly; exhaustively
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equal, even, uniform
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勻 • (gyun, yun) · 勻 • (gyun, yun) (hangeul 균, 윤, revised gyun, yun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, yun)
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勻
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| 匍
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pôo • Middle-Chinese : bu
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Only used in 匍匐 (púfú).
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匍 (eum 포 (po))
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Hán-Nôm : bò
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匍
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| 匏
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pû • Middle-Chinese : baew
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gourd • one of the eight categories of musical instruments in the Chinese bayin (八音) classification system, most prominently including mouth organs
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gourd
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匏 • (po) · 匏 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
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匏 (bào, bầu)
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匏
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| 匐
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho̍k • Middle-Chinese : bjuwk • Middle-Chinese : bok
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Only used in 匍匐 (púfú).
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crawl
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匐 • (bok) · 匐 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok)
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匐
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| 匝
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Originally written 帀, see there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat
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(literary or dialectal) Classifier for circuits or circles. • (dialectal) Classifier for times, as in frequency. • (literary) to surround; to encircle • (literary) to spread all over; to reach (a limit); to complete a full cycle
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to go around • Classifier for circuits or circles
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匝 (eum 잡 (jap))
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Hán-Nôm : táp
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匝
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| 匡
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khong • Middle-Chinese : khjwang
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(literary) upright • to correct; to rectify • (literary) to assist • (literary) to save; to rescue • to predict; to expect • (obsolete) to lose • (historical) name of an ancient book • (historical) name of two ancient places in Henan • Alternative name for 廬山／庐山 (Lúshān). • (obsolete) shell of crabs • ^† Alternative form of 恇 (kuāng) • a surname
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匡 (eum 광 (gwang))
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Hán-Nôm : khuôn • Hán-Nôm : khuông
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匡
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| 匯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷrɯːlʔ, *kʰʷriːl) : semantic 匚 + phonetic 淮 (OC *ɡʷriːl).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : khweaj • Middle-Chinese : hwojX
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to flow together; to gather together; to converge • to remit (money) • (literary, or in compounds) foreign exchange; forex; FX • to collect; to gather • (literary, or in compounds) collection • (literary, or in compounds) concourse
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whirl, swirl
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匯 (eum 회 (hoe))
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Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : vị
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匯
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| 匱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”). \ ; “quecto-” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 匚 (“cabinet”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds, “valuables”). \ ; “quecto-”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : gwijH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH
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(literary) to lack; to be deficient in; to be short of • Alternative form of 簣／篑 (kuì, “basket for carrying earth”) • Alternative form of 潰／溃 (“to collapse; to be routed”) • Alternative form of 饋／馈 (kuì, “to gift”) • (Taiwan) quecto- (SI unit prefix) ‖ Original form of 櫃／柜 (guì, “cabinet; cupboard; reservoir”).
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匱 (eum 궤 (gwe))
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Hán-Nôm : quĩ
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匱
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| 区
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‖ 区(く) • (ku)
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‖ ward, section, district
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区
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| 医
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 匸 (“that which hides; that which stores”) + 矢 (“arrow”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'ejH
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a tool for storing a bow and crossbow
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‖ 医(い) • (i) ‖ 医(い) • (i)
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‖ doctor; physician; medicine ‖ doctor • medicine, the healing arts
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医 (eumhun 동개 예 (donggae ye)) ‖ 医 (eumhun 의원 의 (uiwon ui))
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hanja form of 예 (“used in personal names”) • (literary Chinese) hanja form of 예 (“quiver; a tool for storing a bow and crossbow”) ‖ Alternative form of 醫 (“hanja form of 의 (“doctor”)”)
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医
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| 卅
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十 (shí, “10”), repeated three times.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ aa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap
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thirty
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(archaic) thirty
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卅 (eumhun 삼십 삽 (samsip sap)) · 卅 (eumhun 서른 삽 (seoreun sap))
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thirty, thirtieth
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Hán-Nôm : tạp • Hán-Nôm : nẫm
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卅
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| 卞
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Variant of 弁 (biàn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Middle-Chinese : bjenH
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law • impatient; irritable; impetuous; in a hurry • to wrestle with bare hands • (～縣) (historical) Bian County (a county in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname
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law • rule • rash • hasty
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卞 (eum 변 (byeon))
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to be impatient, in a hurry • excitable
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Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bèn
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卞
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| 卧
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卧
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| 卮
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
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(historical) cylindrical wine vessel, often with a lid, handle, and three legs • Classifier for the volume of liquid in one zhi (goblet).
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卮 (eum 치 (chi))
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Hán-Nôm : chi
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卮
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| 卹
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卹 • (hyul) · 卹 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul)
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卹
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| 卻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) : phonetic 𧮫 () + semantic 卩.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khioh • Middle-Chinese : kjak • Middle-Chinese : khjak
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to withdraw; to retreat • (literary) to drive back (enemy) • to decline; to refuse • (particle placed after monosyllabic verbs) to do away with • (only sentence-medially) but; yet; however
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Alternative form of 却 (“instead; on the contrary”)
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卻 (eum 각 (gak))
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Hán-Nôm : khước
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卻
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| 厘
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Variant of 釐 by omitting the top part of it.
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shop, store (廛) • a measure of quantity (釐); most commonly, a unit of currency equaling one-thousandth of one yen, or one-tenth of one sen
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厘 • (ri, jeon) · 厘 • (ri, jeon) (hangeul 리, 전)
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厘
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| 厭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) : semantic 厂 + phonetic 猒 (OC *qem, *qems). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iàm • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemX • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemH • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià
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to be satisfied; to be sated • to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of • to detest; to dislike; to hate • (dialectal Wu) naughty ‖ (Hokkien) to be tired • (Hokkien, Teochew) to be fed up with; to grow bored of; to become tired of
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‖ 厭(あき) • (aki)
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‖ disgust • having one's fill; loss of interest
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厭 (eumhun 싫어할 염 (sireohal yeom))
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hanja form of 염 (“to detest”)
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Hán-Nôm : ướm • Hán-Nôm : yếm • Hán-Nôm : ếm • Hán-Nôm : êm • Hán-Nôm : im
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厭
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| 厲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 厂 + abbreviated phonetic 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ
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fierce; stern • severe; strict • ferocious • (Classical) Same as 礪／砺 (lì, “whetstone; to sharpen”). • (literary) to encourage; to urge • (literary) to raise; to exert • ^† Alternative form of 濿／𪵱 (lì, “to ford”) • a surname ‖ Same as 癩／癞 (lài).
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whetstone • grind • sharpen • make an effort to • leprosy
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厲 (eum 려 (ryeo))
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Hán-Nôm : lẹ • Hán-Nôm : lệ
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厲
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| 参
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Simplified from 參, which is in turn simplified from 曑.
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‖ 参(しん) • (shin) ‖ 参(しん) • (Shin) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (San) ‖ 参(さん) • (san) ‖ 参(さん) • (san)
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‖ jagged, uneven • carrot, ginseng ‖ (Chinese astronomy) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions ‖ a calling, coming • (Zen Buddhism) a gathering of Zen members in meditation, preaching, and invocation ‖ check, verify • add, increase, join (a group, etc.) • go (for a specific purpose, for example) • Short for 参議院 (Sangiin): the House of Councillors (upper house of the Diet) ‖ (Chinese astronomy, rare) the Three Stars constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • a surname ‖ (law) Financial form of 三 (san): 3, three ‖ Alternative spelling of 三 (san): 3, three • Short for 三河国 (Mikawa-no-kuni): Mikawa Province
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参
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| 双
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Duplication of 又. \ Simplified from 䨇 (elimination of 雔), which is also a variant form of 雙. \ The earliest known record can be found in Ming dynasty 《俗書刊誤》. \ The character 双 bears superficial similarity to the early form of 友 (yǒu). However, the former is not a direct descendant of the latter.
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‖ 双(ふた) • (futa) ‖ 双(そう) • (sō)
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‖ set of two, pair ‖ pair; double
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双 (eum 쌍 (ssang))
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Alternative form of 雙
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canonical : 双: Hán Việt readings: song 双: Nôm readings: song • canonical : xong • canonical : rông • canonical : rong
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Alternative form of 雙
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双
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| 叙
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Unorthodox variant simplified from 敘 (攴 → 又) found in the Tang dynasty orthographic dictionary Ganlu Zishu (干祿字書) and eventually adopted as an official form by the People's Republic of China.
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to confer; to narrate; to describe
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Hán-Nôm : tự
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叙
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| 叟
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Originally 叜. Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“roof; house”) + 火 (“fire”) + 又 (“hand”) – hand holding a torch in the house – original form of 搜 (“to search”). \ Since the clerical script, the top components 宀 and 火 have merged into the unrelated 𦥔.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Middle-Chinese : suwX
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old man; old gentleman • (honorific) Term of address for an elderly man: sir
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叟 (eum 수 (su))
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Hán-Nôm : tẩu
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叟
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| 叢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zloːŋ) : semantic 丵 + phonetic 取 (OC *sʰloːʔ, *sʰloʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *C-tsəw-k/ŋ (“to collect; to gather; to assemble”). Cognate with 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos, “to collect; to store”), 族 (OC *zoːɡ, “clan”), 最 (OC *zloːds, “to collect; most”), 稯 (OC *ʔsoːŋ, “sheaf; bundle”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâng • Middle-Chinese : dzuwng
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to collect; to gather; to assemble; to crowd together • bush; shrub; thicket; grove • collection; crowd • (Northern Min, Southern Min) Classifier for plants. • (Hokkien) Classifier for long objects. • a surname
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叢 (eum 총 (chong))
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Hán-Nôm : tòng • Hán-Nôm : tùng
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叢
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| 叵
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A mirror image of 可.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Middle-Chinese : phaX
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^† Contraction of 不可 (bùkě, “cannot; to be unable to; to be impossible to”). • ^† thereupon • Used in 叵羅／叵罗 (pǒluó).
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cannot, be unable to
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叵 (eum 파 (pa))
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Hán-Nôm : phả
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叵
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| 号
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 + 丂.
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‖ 号(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 号(ごう) • (-gō) ^(←がう (gau)?)
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‖ number • art name ‖ ordinal marker, often with prefix 第 (used like -st, -nd, -rd, -th in English)
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号 (eumhun 이름 호 (ireum ho))
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Alternative form of 號 (“hanja form of 호 (“name; number”)”)
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号
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| 吊
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Cantonese · Jyutping : diu³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Middle-Chinese : tewH
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to condole; to mourn; to pity • to hang • to lift up with a rope • to revoke • Classifier for strings of 1000 copper coins. • Alternative form of 屌 (diǎo, “(vulgar) penis”)
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吊 (eum 적 (jeok))
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Hán-Nôm : điếu
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condole; mourn • (obsolete) to hang
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吊
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| 吋
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ
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Synonym of 英寸 (yīngcùn, “inch”) ‖ to scold
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‖ 吋(インチ) • (inchi)
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‖ インチ: inch
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吋 • (chon) · 吋 • (chon) (hangeul 촌, revised chon, McCune–Reischauer ch'on)
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吋
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| 吒
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔr'aːɡs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 乇 (OC *ʔr'aːɡ). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà • Middle-Chinese : traeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tà ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa¹
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braided hair ‖ Used in names of mythological characters. ‖ Used in place names.
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吒 • (ta, tak) · 吒 • (ta, tak) (hangeul 타, 탁, revised ta, tak, McCune–Reischauer t'a, t'ak)
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Hán-Nôm : tra • Hán-Nôm : cha • Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : sá • Hán-Nôm : xá
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吒
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| 吳
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 口 (“mouth”) + 夨 (“man with tilted head”) – to speak loudly. \ ; "to shout" ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gôo • Middle-Chinese : ngu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ
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to speak loudly; to shout • big • (historical) (～國) Wu, a state during the Western Zhou dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period • (historical) (～國) Eastern Wu, one of the Three Kingdoms • (historical) (～國) Wu, one of the Ten Kingdoms in eastern China which was in existence from 907 to 937 • the region comprising southern Jiangsu and northern Zhejiang • Wu; the Chinese dialects of that territory, including Suzhounese and Shanghainese • (～市) Kure (a city in Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 虞 (yú)
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China • to give something, to do something for someone
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吳 (eumhun 성씨 오 (seongssi o)) · 吳 (eumhun 큰소리칠 화 (keunsorichil hwa))
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Hán-Nôm : ngô
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chữ Hán form of Ngô (“a surname”).
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吳
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| 呃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡs, *qreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ). ‖ Compare Zhuang ngaek (“to take advantage of someone”). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : erh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄜ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'eajH
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to belch • to hiccup; to hiccough • um; uh; er (An interjection said when hesitating in speech) • (onomatopoeia) chicken call ‖ (Cantonese) to deceive; to fool • (Cantonese) to swindle ‖ Used to indicate approval or shock. ‖
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呃 (eum 애 (ae))
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Hán-Nôm : ách • Hán-Nôm : nhách • Hán-Nôm : ải
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呃
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| 呎
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik
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(dated in Mainland China and Taiwan, still used in Hong Kong) Synonym of 英尺 (yīngchǐ, “foot”) • (Hong Kong) square foot
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foot
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呎 (eum 척 (cheok))
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foot
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Hán-Nôm : xích • Hán-Nôm : xếch
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呎
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| 呐
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呐 • (nul, yeol) · 呐 • (nul, yeol) (hangeul 눌, 열, McCune–Reischauer nul, yŏl)
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呐
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| 呱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuā • Middle-Chinese : ku
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呱 • (go) · 呱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko)
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Hán-Nôm : oa
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呱
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| 呶
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nraew
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to clamour
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呶 • (no) · 呶 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no)
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呶
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| 呷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraːb) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb). ‖ ‖ This orthography is influenced by Mandarin.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hap • Middle-Chinese : xaep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h
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to sip; to suck; to drink ‖ Alternative form of 嘎 (“to quack (like a duck)”) • Alternative form of 嘎 (“to laugh”) ‖ (chiefly Southern Min) Alternative form of 食 (“to eat; to drink; to take in”)
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呷 • (hap) · 呷 • (hap) (hangeul 합)
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呷
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| 呸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 + phonetic 丕. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuì
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(strong, offensive) bah!; ugh! ‖ (Southern Min) to spit
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呸 (eum 비 (bi))
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Hán-Nôm : phi • Hán-Nôm : bậy • Hán-Nôm : phôi
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呸
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| 咀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ) : semantic 口 (“speech”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat; food; to feed; rice”); cognate with Tibetan ཟ (za, “to eat”), Burmese စား (ca:, “to eat”), Chepang [script needed] (jeʔ-sa, “to eat”), Japhug ndza (“to eat”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). Possibly related to 餐 (OC *sʰaːn, “to eat; meal”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : dzjoX • Middle-Chinese : tsjoX
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to chew; to masticate
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咀 • (jeo) · 咀 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ)
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Hán-Nôm : trớ
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咀
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| 咆
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Middle-Chinese : baew
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咆 • (po) · 咆 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)
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咆
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| 咎
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Originally ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夊 (“foot”) + 人 (“person”). Later 口 was added, making the modern form an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 各 + 人. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiǔ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiū • Middle-Chinese : gjuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Middle-Chinese : kaw
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fault; defect; error; mistake • calamity; misfortune • to blame; to punish; to find fault ‖ Alternative form of 鼛 (gāo, “large drum”) • a surname • Alternative form of 皋 (gāo, “a surname”):
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fault • blame
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咎 • (gu, go) · 咎 • (gu, go) (hangeul 구, 고, revised gu, go, McCune–Reischauer ku, ko)
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canonical : 咎: Hán Việt readings: cữu
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咎
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| 咚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung¹
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(onomatopoeia) ratatat (sound of a drum or repeated hits) • (onomatopoeia) boom; thump; thud (sound of a drum or something falling)
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咚
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| 咦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hril) : semantic 口 + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hril) : semantic 口 + phonetic 夷 (OC *lil).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Middle-Chinese : xjij
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An interjection used to express confusion. huh? • (Cantonese) Expression of disgust. ew ‖ smiling
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咦 • (i, jae) · 咦 • (i, jae) (hangeul 이, 재, revised i, jae, McCune–Reischauer i, chae)
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Hán-Nôm : gì • Hán-Nôm : di • Hán-Nôm : ri
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咦
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| 咧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 列 (OC *red). ‖ ‖ ‖ See 佇咧. ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le² • Cantonese · Jyutping : le¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : le⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : teh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --le ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē
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To grimace ‖ to draw back the corners of one's mouth ‖ (dialectal) ‖ (Southern Min) in the process of; currently (placed before the verb) • (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) in; at; on (placed after verbs indicating a change of location or position) • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try ‖ Sentence-final particle signalling emphasis of the preceding words. • Sentence-final interrogative particle used to express doubt. ‖ (Tong'an Hokkien) to joke; to kid; to make a joke; to joke around
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咧 • (ryeol) · 咧 • (ryeol) (hangeul 렬)
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Hán-Nôm : lác • Hán-Nôm : sẹt • Hán-Nôm : liệt • Hán-Nôm : sèn • Hán-Nôm : xẹt
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咧
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| 咫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kljeʔ) : semantic 尺 (“ruler; measuring stick”) + phonetic 只 (OC *klje, *kljeʔ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Middle-Chinese : tsyeX
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unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun (寸) • few; little • short
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‖ 咫(あた) • (ata) ‖ 咫(た) • (ta) ‖ 咫(し) • (shi)
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‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm) ‖ (historical, archaic) roughly corresponds to the hand (traditional unit of length; in Japan, described as originally the distance from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the middle finger (or possibly index finger) with the hand outstretched, often defined as eight 寸 (sun, “traditional inch”) or roughly 18cm)
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canonical : 咫: Hán Việt readings: chỉ 咫: Nôm readings: chỉ
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咫
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| 咯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Contraction of 咯樣／咯样 ‖ Contraction of 咯一
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄛ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ ‖ ‖ ‖
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to expel from the throat • an interjection, the sound of coughing ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) Sentence-final particle indicating that something is obvious. ‖ Used in 咯噠／咯哒. • an interjection, the sound of coughing, chicken's clucking, etc. • (Hokkien) sound of hens clucking • (Mainland China Hokkien) sound of swallowing • (Mainland China Hokkien) to take a big gulp quickly ‖ Only used in 吡咯 (bǐluò). ‖ (Xiang) this ‖ (Xiang) so; such ‖ (Xiang) this
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咯 • (gak) · 咯 • (gak) (hangeul 각, revised gak, McCune–Reischauer kak)
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咯
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| 咻
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiu • Middle-Chinese : xjuw • Middle-Chinese : xjuX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹
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‖ (Cantonese, archaic) Alternative form of 嘵／哓 (“perfective aspect particle”)
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咻 • (hyu) · 咻 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu)
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Hán-Nôm : hưu • Hán-Nôm : hiu
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咻
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| 哂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hjɯnʔ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 西 (OC *sɯːl)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can² • Middle-Chinese : syinX
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to smile • to laugh at, sneer at
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哂 • (sin) · 哂 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin)
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Hán-Nôm : thẩn
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哂
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| 唇
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ
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terrified ‖ sound of fear; trembling
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‖ 唇(くちびる) • (kuchibiru)
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lip ‖ lips
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唇 • (jin) · 唇 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
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Hán-Nôm : thần • Hán-Nôm : chấn • Hán-Nôm : thuấn • Hán-Nôm : chuấn • Hán-Nôm : chuần • Hán-Nôm : truần • Hán-Nôm : truấn • Hán-Nôm : suấn • Hán-Nôm : suần • Hán-Nôm : sươn • Hán-Nôm : sun • Hán-Nôm : chúm • Hán-Nôm : chún
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唇
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| 唔
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Belongs to the *m- series of negatives; see 無 (OC *ma, “no”) for more. Cognate with the syllabic negative 毋 (m̄, m̀) in Hokkien and Hakka. ‖ ‖ Onomatopoeic. ‖
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‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : m⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ
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(Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) not (negator) ‖ Used to express agreement or permission: mhm; uh-huh • Used to express surprise. • Alternative form of 嗯: Used to express doubt. • (Cantonese) Used to express hesitation or thinking: hmm ‖ Only used in 咿唔 (yīwú, “sound of recitation”). ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 寤 (wù, “to wake”)
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reading voice
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唔 • (o) · 唔 • (o) (hangeul 오)
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Hán-Nôm : ngô
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唔
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| 唳
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let
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cry • honking of birds • droning of cicadas
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唳 • (ryeo) · 唳 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ)
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cry of bird • cry
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唳
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| 唷
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó
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A particle used to express surprise or query ‖ (Quanzhou and Philippine Hokkien) Emphatic final particle used to make requests
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唷 • (yuk) · 唷 • (yuk) (hangeul 육, revised yuk, McCune–Reischauer yuk)
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唷
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| 唸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːms, *tɯːns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms, “to read”).
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groan, roar
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唸 • (jeom, jeon) · 唸 • (jeom, jeon) (hangeul 점, 전, revised jeom, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, chŏn)
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Hán-Nôm : nếm • Hán-Nôm : điếm • Hán-Nôm : điệm • Hán-Nôm : niệm
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唸
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| 啓
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‖ 啓(けい) • (Kei) ‖ 啓(けい) • (kei)
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‖ a male given name ‖ disclose, open, say
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啓 (eumhun 열 계 (yeol gye))
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hanja form of 계 (“open, begin”)
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Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : kiết
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啓
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| 啕
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : daw
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to wail
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啕 • (do) · 啕 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
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啕
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| 啖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : damX • Middle-Chinese : damH
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to eat; to dine • to feed (someone/something) • to entice with the promise of profits; to lure with money • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka, Pinghua) Classifier for mouthfuls of things (water, rice, etc.) • (Cantonese) Classifier for kisses.
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啖 • (dam) · 啖 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam)
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Hán-Nôm : dạm • Hán-Nôm : đạm • Hán-Nôm : giảm
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啖
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| 啜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *djods, *tod, *tʰjod, *djod) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod). \ Possibly related to 噆 (OC *ʔsluːb, “(of a mosquito) to bite”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsherh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuat • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH • Middle-Chinese : dzywejH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwet • Middle-Chinese : dzywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : trjwet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Tshè
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(literary or dialectal) to taste; to eat; to drink; to sip • (Cantonese) to suck • (Cantonese) to kiss • (Cantonese) to stick to (a surface); to be stuck on • (literary) thick soup • (literary) to sob; to weep • (Hakka) Alternative form of 撮 (cod⁵) to cheat; to deceive; to hoax ‖ ^‡ to be talkative; to nag ‖ a surname
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啜 • (cheol) · 啜 • (cheol) (hangeul 철)
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啜
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| 啞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 亞 (OC *qraːɡs). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-ʔa (“mute”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : é • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : á • Middle-Chinese : 'aeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Middle-Chinese : 'aek • Middle-Chinese : 'eak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'aeH
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mute; dumb (unable to speak) • speechless; without sound • hoarse • (of a shell, bomb, etc.) to fail to explode; (of a firearm) to fail to fire ‖ (onomatopoeia) laughter; sound of laughing ‖ Alternative form of 呀 • (onomatopoeia) The sound of cawing. • (onomatopoeia) The sound of a child learning to speak.
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‖
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Kyūjitai form of 唖 ‖
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啞 • (a) · 啞 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
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Hán-Nôm : á • Hán-Nôm : ạ • Hán-Nôm : ớ • Hán-Nôm : dạ
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啞
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| 啟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khé • Middle-Chinese : khejX
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to open • to enlighten; to educate; to inspire • to start; to begin; to commence • to inform; to state; to explain • note; short letter • (Chinese mythology) Qi of Xia (second king of the semi-legendary Xia dynasty) • Short for 啟示錄／启示录 (Qǐshìlù, “Revelation”). • a surname
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啟 • (gye) · 啟 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
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Hán-Nôm : khải • Hán-Nôm : khơi • Hán-Nôm : khui
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啟
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| 啣
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啣 • (ham) · 啣 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham)
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啣
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| 啥
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Probably a fusion of 什麼／什么 (shénme) (Lü, 1985).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siannh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sannh
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(colloquial, dialectal Mandarin, Southern Min, Wu) what
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what (variant of 舍)
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Hán-Nôm : sá
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啥
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| 啻
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : syeH
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only; just • Original form of 啇 (dì). • Alternative form of 適／适
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啻 • (si) · 啻 • (si) (hangeul 시)
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啻
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| 啾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjuw
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(onomatopoeia) waa (wailing of a child) • (onomatopoeia) chirp (of a bird) • (onomatopoeia) chu (sound of a kiss)
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啾 • (chu) · 啾 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u)
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Hán-Nôm : thu • Hán-Nôm : tu
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啾
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| 喀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ). \ Onomatopoeic; compare English hack.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaa³ • Middle-Chinese : khaek
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(onomatopoeia) noise made in coughing or vomiting • Used in transliterations.
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喀 • (gaek) · 喀 • (gaek) (hangeul 객, revised gaek, McCune–Reischauer kaek, Yale kayk)
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Hán-Nôm : khách • Hán-Nôm : ca
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喀
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| 喃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnuːm) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 南 (OC *nuːm). ‖ ‖ ‖ From Vietnamese 喃 (Nôm), in turn from Chinese 南 (“south”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nream ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naam⁴
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(onomatopoeia) Used in 喃喃 (nánnán). • (onomatopoeia) Used in 呢喃 (nínán). ‖ Only used in 噆喃. ‖ (Southwestern Mandarin) Interrogative particle, equivalent to 呢 (ne) in Standard Chinese. ‖ (of or relating to) chữ Nôm ‖ Used in transcription.
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喃 • (nam) · 喃 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam)
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Hán-Nôm : nam • Hán-Nôm : nẩm • Hán-Nôm : Nôm
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common speech
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喃
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| 喋
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draep
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talking endlessly; talkative ‖ bleeding ‖ mouth opening and closing; sucking
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talk, chat, chatter
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喋 • (cheop, jap) · 喋 • (cheop, jap) (hangeul 첩, 잡, revised cheop, jap, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, chap)
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Hán-Nôm : nhịp
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喋
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| 喔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ok¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngak¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ooh
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the sound of a chicken: cluck ‖ Particle conveying realization.
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喔 • (ak) · 喔 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)
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Hán-Nôm : ác • Hán-Nôm : ộc • Hán-Nôm : ọt • Hán-Nôm : ốc • Hán-Nôm : ủ
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喔
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| 喟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : khwijH • Middle-Chinese : khweajH
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(literary) to heave a sigh; to sigh
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sigh
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喟 • (wi, goe) · 喟 • (wi, goe) (hangeul 위, 괴, revised wi, goe, McCune–Reischauer wi, koe, Yale wi, koy)
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Hán-Nôm : vị
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喟
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| 喬
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Ideogram (指事) – a differentiated form (分化字) of 高 (OC *kaːw, “high, tall”), with a differentiating marker, which was variously a stroke, 屮, 止, 力, 九, or 夭. \ Based on the 夭 form, only attested starting from the Han dynasty (Chi, 2010), Shuowen erroneously interprets 夭 as a semantic component meaning “to bend” and treats the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . \ Cognate with 憍 (OC *krew, “to lift the head”), 驕 (OC *krew, “proud”), 撟 (OC *krewʔ, “to lift”), 嶠 (OC *ɡrews, “peak”); 高 (OC *kaːw, “high; tall”) and 蹻 (OC *krewʔ, “martial; vigorous”) could be allofams (Schuessler, 2007). \ Sagart (2017b) compares this word to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “to elevate; to exalt; to increase”) and Jingpho shagrau (“to exalt”). He also considers 鷮 (OC *krew, *ɡrew, “a kind of pheasant (with a long tail and feathers used for ornaments)”) to be related, comparing it to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”), which he suggests is derived from the verb. ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ Originally Hokkien 撨 (chhiâu). ‖ Transliteration of English names.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : kjew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ
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tall; lofty • section on the shaft of a spear near the spearhead for hanging a feather • a surname ‖ to pretend; to feign; to disguise • (archaic, derogatory) bad; vile; crafty; fake; stupid; cowardly; useless • (archaic) headstrong and easily angered ‖ Alternative form of 驕／骄 (jiāo, “proud; arrogant”) ‖ Only used in 喬詰／乔诘. ‖ (Hokkien) to make things difficult for ‖ (Hokkien, Taiwanese Mandarin) to discuss; to negotiate; to coordinate ‖ Joe (English given name) • Joel (English given name)
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high • boasting
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喬 • (gyo) · 喬 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
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Hán-Nôm : kiều
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喬
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| 喱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei¹
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grain (unit)
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Hán-Nôm : li
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喱
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| 喲
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄡ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jo¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄧㄡ
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An interjection used when surprised. ‖ A particle used at the end of phrases where there is a pause.
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喲 • (yak) · 喲 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak)
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Hán-Nôm : ước • Hán-Nôm : dục
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喲
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| 嗆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiùnn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshngh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshn̍gh
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to choke (due to swallowing the wrong way) ‖ to irritate the respiratory organs, especially the nose (of smoke or odor) • (Taiwan) to shout at somebody; to speak out against somebody ‖ (Hokkien) to sniffle; to snuffle; to snort (especially outwards rather than inwards when the nose is stuffed) • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sob incessantly
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嗆 • (chang) · 嗆 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)
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Hán-Nôm : sang
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嗆
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| 嗇
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Characters in the same phonetic series (嗇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 來 + 㐭. ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik
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Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · to reap • Original form of 穡／穑 (sè). · farming; farm labour ‖ (obsolete) to cherish • (obsolete) to save; to conserve; to not waste • miserly; thrifty; stingy • (obsolete) to covet • (obsolete) to lack; to be insufficient • (rare) to have a poor harvest • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) silent and not speaking; not disclosing anything • ：佯嗇嗇／佯啬啬 [Hokkien] ― tèⁿ sek sek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to pretend not to know • a surname ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 濇／涩 (sè, “not smooth; not flowing”)
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lowly • the country • the countryside • be countrified
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嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) · 嗇 • (akkil saek/geodul saek) (hangeul 아낄 색/거둘 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek)
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miserly, thrifty, stingy • stopped up, constipated
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Hán-Nôm : sắc
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嗇
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| 嗎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ From 無 (OC *ma, “not”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ For Philippine Hokkien 嗎／吗 (--ba), it is borrowed from Tagalog ba (interrogative particle). ‖ ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ma • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --ba ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊㄦ
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Final interrogative particle, forming yes/no questions. ‖ Used as a phonetic character. ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) what
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嗎 • (ma) · 嗎 • (ma) (hangeul 마)
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Hán-Nôm : mửa • Hán-Nôm : ma • Hán-Nôm : mớ • Hán-Nôm : mạ • Hán-Nôm : mắng • Hán-Nôm : mỉa • Hán-Nôm : mứa • Hán-Nôm : mựa
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嗎
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| 嗑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hap • Middle-Chinese : kap
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to crack between the teeth • to talk; to gab • Alternative form of 喝
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eat seeds • reproach • loquacious
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eat seeds • reproach • loquacious
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Hán-Nôm : hạp
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嗑
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| 嗟
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In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu). ‖ In Small Seal Script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsljal) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral) (𧪘). In Regular Script, 言 (yán) became 口 (kǒu).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ
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(literary) sigh; alas ‖ Only used in 咄嗟 (duōjiē, “in a short time”).
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‖ 嗟(ああ) or 嗟(アー) • (ā)
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‖ Alternative form of アー
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嗟 • (cha) · 嗟 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a)
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Hán-Nôm : ta • Hán-Nôm : xơi
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嗟
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| 嗤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 蚩 (OC *tʰjɯ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhi
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to laugh at; to jeer; to sneer
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laugh • ridicule, mock, make fun of
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嗤 • (chi) · 嗤 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i)
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Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : suy • Hán-Nôm : xỉ
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嗤
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| 嗥
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴
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howl (like a wolf); wail
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Hán-Nôm : hào
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嗥
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| 嗦
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so
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Used in 哆嗦 (duōsuo). • Used in 囉嗦／啰嗦 (luōsuo). • Used in 嗦嗦. • (Guangxi Mandarin) to eat (rice noodles, luosifen, etc.)
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Hán-Nôm : sách
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嗦
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| 嗨
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth; speech”) + phonetic 海 (OC *hmlɯːʔ) ‖ From English hi. ‖ From English high.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hài ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai¹
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Alternative form of 咳 (hāi) ‖ (colloquial) hi; hey ‖ (colloquial) to get high on • (colloquial) to be exhilarated; to have fun (not necessarily under the influence of alcohol or recreational drugs)
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嗨
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| 嗯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 恩.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㆭˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄯˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄥ
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Used as an interjection to express doubt or curiosity. ‖ Used as an interjection to express surprise. ‖ Used as an interjection to express agreement or pledge. • Alternative form of 硬 (yìng) ‖ (onomatopoeia) A groaning sound.
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嗯
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| 嗷
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋəw
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaw
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(onomatopoeia) sound of wailing • clamor
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嗷 • (o) · 嗷 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
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Hán-Nôm : ngao • Hán-Nôm : ngào • Hán-Nôm : ngoao
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嗷
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| 嗾
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : suwX • Middle-Chinese : suwH • Middle-Chinese : tshuwH
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urge on, incite
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嗾 • (ju) · 嗾 • (ju) (hangeul 주)
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Hán-Nôm : thốc
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嗾
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| 嘆
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thàn • Middle-Chinese : than • Middle-Chinese : thanH
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to sigh • (literary or in compounds) to chant • (literary or in compounds) to praise; to exclaim in admiration • (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”). • (Cantonese) to enjoy
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‖ 嘆(たん) • (tan)
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to sigh • to lament • to moan • to grieve ‖ sigh
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嘆 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))
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Alternative form of 歎 (“hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”)”)
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canonical : 嘆: Hán Việt readings: thán • canonical : than 嘆: Nôm readings: than • canonical : han • canonical : thán • canonical : thăn • canonical : hớn • canonical : hen • canonical : thơn
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Nôm form of than (“to complain”).
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嘆
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| 嘈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô • Middle-Chinese : dzaw
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noisy • (Cantonese) to make noise; to annoy by making noise • (Cantonese) to quarrel; to argue • (Cantonese) to complain; to make a fuss
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to make noise; to buzz
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嘈 (eumhun 들렐 조 (deullel jo))
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to make noise • noisy • talking voice
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Hán-Nôm : tào
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嘈
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| 嘍
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‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Middle-Chinese : luwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : loo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³
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Only used in 嗹嘍／𪡏喽. ‖ Used in 嘍囉／喽啰 (lóuluó). • Used in 吐嘍／吐喽. ‖ used in onomatopoetic expressions ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 摟／搂 (lau3)
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嘍 (eum 루 (ru))
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Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : làu
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嘍
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| 嘔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː, *qoːʔ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ Ultimately onomatopoeic (Schuessler, 2007). \ STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔaw (“to vomit”), comparing it to Burmese အော့ (au.). \ Alternatively, it may be cognate with Tibetan སྐྱུག (skyug) (Schuessler, 2007) and Japhug qioʁ (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : óo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Middle-Chinese : 'uwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'uw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄡ
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to vomit ‖ Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”) • (onomatopoeia) Used to describe orchestral music, cooing, etc. ‖ to make someone angry • to become angry ‖ (literary) affable; kind • (literary) to exhale air to warm something up ‖ (obsolete) the sound of anger ‖ An informal greeting.
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‖
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vomit ‖
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嘔 • (gu, hu) · 嘔 • (gu, hu) (hangeul 구, 후, revised gu, hu, McCune–Reischauer ku, hu)
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Hán-Nôm : ẩu • Hán-Nôm : xua • Hán-Nôm : ẫu
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嘔
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| 嘖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsraek • Middle-Chinese : dzreak • Middle-Chinese : tsreak ‖
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(literary) to argue • (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of tongue clicking; tut; tsk
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嘖 • (chaek) · 嘖 • (chaek) (hangeul 책, revised chaek, McCune–Reischauer ch'aek)
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Hán-Nôm : chép • Hán-Nôm : trách
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嘖
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| 嘟
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‖ ‖ Onomatopoeic.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyut¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : too • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu
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Only used in 嘟囔 (dūnang). ‖ (regional, colloquial) to pout; to pucker up ‖ (of a car) to honk; to beep • (Cantonese, onomatopeia) beep sound • (Cantonese, euphemistic) bleep (as a replacement of any profanity) • (Cantonese) to tap a card; to swipe a card • (Cantonese, computing) to scan
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嘟 • (do) · 嘟 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to)
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Hán-Nôm : đua • Hán-Nôm : đùa • Hán-Nôm : đô
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嘟
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| 嘩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷraː) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 華 (OC *qʰʷraː, *ɡʷraː, *ɡʷraːs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : xwae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hua ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : waa³
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to make noise; to be noisy; to be uproarious ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of flowing or gurgling water • (onomatopoeia) thump; clang; sound of crashing ‖ (Southern Min) to joke around; to laugh and play • (Southern Min) to make noise; to bustle ‖ (Cantonese) wow!; whoa! (used to express surprise or admiration)
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noisy
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嘩 • (hwa) · 嘩 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa)
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Hán-Nôm : hoa
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嘩
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| 嘮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːw, *hr'aːw) : semantic 口 + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --lo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Middle-Chinese : trhaew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ
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to nag; to talk on and on; to chatter ‖ (dialectal) to talk; to chat ‖ Only used in 嘮呶／唠呶 (“to be noisy”). ‖ Alternative form of 詨／𰵦 (xiào, “sound of interjection”)
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嘮 • (cho) · 嘮 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o)
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Hán-Nôm : lao
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嘮
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| 嘯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːwɢs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàu • Middle-Chinese : sewH
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to whistle • to howl; to roar; to scream; to cry • (Taoism) type of breathing exercise involving vocalizations
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‖ 嘯(うそ) • (uso) ‖ 嘯(うそふき) • (usofuki) ‖ 嘯(うそぶき) • (usobuki)
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to whistle ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) a whistle (sound), a whistling sound ‖ the clownish “whistling” mask used in 狂言 (kyōgen, “a farce performed between noh plays”, literally “crazy talk”) ‖ whistling, making a whistling sound
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嘯 • (so) · 嘯 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so)
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roar, howl, scream • whistle
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Hán-Nôm : khiếu
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嘯
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| 嘰
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
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to eat a little • to sigh • An onomatopoeia.
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嘰 • (gi) · 嘰 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki)
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Hán-Nôm : kí
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嘰
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| 嘱
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entrust • request
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嘱 • (chok) · 嘱 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok)
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Hán-Nôm : chúc
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嘱
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| 噎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 壹 (OC *qlid).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Middle-Chinese : 'et
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to choke • to breathe against the wind with difficulty • burp; belch • (dialectal) to render somebody speechless by saying something blunt or rule • (literary) to block; to obstruct
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choke • smother
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噎 • (yeol) · 噎 • (yeol) (hangeul 열, revised yeol, McCune–Reischauer yŏl)
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Hán-Nôm : ế • Hán-Nôm : nhắc • Hán-Nôm : nhắt • Hán-Nôm : nhốt
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噎
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| 噓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰa, *qʰas) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa) – to exhale, blow out from the mouth. Note that 虛／虚 (xū) means empty, void, hence connotations of “empty via the mouth”.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjo • Middle-Chinese : xjoH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoe¹
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to slowly exhale • to sigh; to lament • to praise; to flatter • to heat by steam or fire ‖ (Mandarin, interjection) hush! shh! ‖ hooting; boo; disapproval sound • to boo
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lie, falsehood ‖
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噓 • (heo) · 噓 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ)
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Hán-Nôm : hờ • Hán-Nôm : hư
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噓
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| 噗
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Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 菐 (pú).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍k
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(onomatopoeia) the sound of sudden laughter, outgassing, the release of liquid or gas generally, etc.
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噗
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| 噙
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam⁴
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Hán-Nôm : gầm
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噙
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| 噢
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‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Middle-Chinese : 'juX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'juwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ ‖
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Only used in 噢咻. ‖ Only used in 噢咿. ‖ interjection for pain, sadness; realization: "Oh!" ‖ Sentence-final particle used to indicate a monishing tone. • Sentence-final particle used to indicate an informative tone.
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噢 • (uk, u) · 噢 • (uk, u) (hangeul 욱, 우)
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Hán-Nôm : úc • Hán-Nôm : ủ • Hán-Nôm : ục
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噢
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| 噤
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìm • Middle-Chinese : gimX • Middle-Chinese : gimH
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to close one's mouth and be silent; to be unable to speak • to shiver, to tremble
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shut up
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噤 • (geum) · 噤 • (geum) (hangeul 금, revised geum, McCune–Reischauer kŭm)
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close • be silent, be unable speak
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Hán-Nôm : gặm
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噤
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| 噥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnuːŋ, *nuːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 農 (OC *nuːŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nowng • Middle-Chinese : nraewng
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噥 (eum 농 (nong))
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Hán-Nôm : nũng
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噥
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| 噫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯːɡs, *qɯ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 意 (OC *qɯɡs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'i ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'eajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ
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(Classical) alas; sigh (expressing regret or grief) • huh; wow; eh (expressing surprise or wonder) ‖ to belch; to burp • (obsolete) to exhale; to blow ‖ Alternative form of 抑 (yì, “but; however”)
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exclamation • burp, belch ‖
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噫 (eumhun 한숨 쉴 희 (hansum swil hui)) ‖ 噫 (eumhun 트림할 애 (teurimhal ae))
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hanja form of 희 (“to sigh; to groan”) • (literary) hanja form of 희 (“alas (expressing regret or surprise)”) ‖ hanja form of 애 (“to belch; to burp”)
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Hán-Nôm : y
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噫
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| 噬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djads) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 筮 (OC *djads). \ Sagart (2021c) revises the Old Chinese reconstruction as *m-tet-s, from volitional prefix *m- + a root *tet-s (“to bite”), from which 瘈 (OC *k(ə)-tet-s, “mad; rabid (dog)”) also derives.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Middle-Chinese : dzyejH
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to bite; to gnaw
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噬 • (seo) · 噬 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ)
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Hán-Nôm : phè
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噬
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| 噯
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ
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An interjection expressing disagreement or negation. • Synonym of 噯氣／嗳气 (ǎiqì, “to belch; to burp”) ‖ An interjection expressing annoyance or regret.
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噯 • (ae) · 噯 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae)
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Hán-Nôm : áy
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噯
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| 噱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Middle-Chinese : gjak
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噱 • (gyak) · 噱 • (gyak) (hangeul 갹, revised gyak, McCune–Reischauer kyak)
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Hán-Nôm : cược • Hán-Nôm : hước • Hán-Nôm : hược
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噱
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| 噸
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Borrowed from English ton. For Taiwanese Hokkien tòng, via Japanese トン (ton).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng
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Classifier for metric ton. • Classifier for ton; tonne. • Classifier for registered ton.
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‖ 噸(とん) or 噸(トン) • (ton)
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‖ トン: ton
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噸 • (ton) · 噸 • (ton) (hangeul 톤, McCune–Reischauer t'on)
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Hán-Nôm : đốn
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噸
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| 噹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang
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the sound of bells
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噹
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| 嚀
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Middle-Chinese : neng ‖
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to enjoin ‖ (Taishanese) that • (Taishanese) there
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嚀 • (nyeong) · 嚀 • (nyeong) (hangeul 녕, revised nyeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng)
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Hán-Nôm : ninh
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嚀
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| 嚅
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyu
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Used in compounds.
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嚅 (eum 유 (yu))
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Hán-Nôm : nheo
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嚅
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| 嚏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡs) : semantic 口 + phonetic 疐 (OC *tiːɡs, *tiɡs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Middle-Chinese : tejH
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to sneeze
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sneeze
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嚏 • (che) · 嚏 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e)
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Hán-Nôm : xì
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嚏
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| 嚕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lu³
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Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate relief due to change of state. • (Cantonese) Used at the end of a sentence to indicate disappointment due to change of state.
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嚕 • (ro) · 嚕 • (ro) (hangeul 로, revised ro, McCune–Reischauer ro)
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Hán-Nôm : lỗ • Hán-Nôm : rủa • Hán-Nôm : sủa • Hán-Nôm : ruả
|
|
嚕
|
| 嚥
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeːns) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 燕 (OC *qeːn, *qeːns).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³ • Middle-Chinese : 'enH
|
to swallow
|
|
swallow, gulp
|
嚥 • (yeon) · 嚥 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : en • Hán-Nôm : ẻn
|
|
嚥
|
| 嚨
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng
|
Used in compounds.
|
|
throat
|
嚨 • (rong) · 嚨 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong)
|
throat
|
Hán-Nôm : lùng
|
|
嚨
|
| 嚮
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ • Middle-Chinese : xjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Middle-Chinese : xjangX
|
to turn toward; to approach • toward; facing; against • direction, side, face • to look out on • in the past; previously ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 享 • (obsolete) Alternative form of 響／响
|
|
guide, lead • favor, prefer
|
嚮 • (hyang) · 嚮 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hướng • Hán-Nôm : hưởng
|
|
嚮
|
| 嚶
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
|
(onomatopoeia) the call of a bird
|
|
chirping • birds singing together
|
嚶 • (aeng) · 嚶 • (aeng) (hangeul 앵, revised aeng, McCune–Reischauer aeng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : inh
|
|
嚶
|
| 囀
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tons) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 轉 (OC *tonʔ, *tons). \ Onomatopoetic.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Middle-Chinese : trjwenH
|
(of birds) to sing, to chirp, to warble, to twitter
|
|
|
囀 • (jeon) · 囀 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chuyển
|
|
囀
|
| 囁
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : nyep • Middle-Chinese : tsyep
|
soft unclear voice • move the mouth as in speaking; to chatter • hesitation • (Hokkien) to talk bad behind one's back; to chatter; to have words; to speak recklessly; to fabricate slander
|
|
To murmur or mumble, To whisper
|
囁 (eum 섭 (seop)) · 囁 (eum 엽 (yeop))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chiếp • Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : niếp
|
|
囁
|
| 囂
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㗊 (“four mouths; to clamor”) + 頁 (“head”) – a clamoring crowd. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㗊 (“four mouths; to clamor”) + 頁 (“head”) – a clamoring crowd.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hau ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ
|
to be loud; to be noisy; to clamor • arrogant ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 隞 (Áo, “Ao (capital of the Shang Dynasty)”)
|
|
Noisy, talking loudly without thinking about people around you.
|
囂 • (hyo) · 囂 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|
clamorous, noisy
|
Hán-Nôm : hiu
|
|
囂
|
| 囈
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjiejH
|
to talk in one's sleep; to sleeptalk
|
|
|
囈 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nghệ
|
|
囈
|
| 囉
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl). ‖ ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English gross (Cheung, 2007). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄌㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lō • Middle-Chinese : la ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lo¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : --loo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : --looh
|
annoying; noisy • to nag; to argue; to prattle; to chatter • Used in medieval Buddhist texts to transcribe the Sanskrit syllable ra. ‖ Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); indicates that a suggestion or conclusion should be obvious. • Normally used with 咪 (mai⁶); connects a condition to a result or suggestion. • Statement-final particle used to express impatience or vexation. • Statement-final particle used to invite agreement or sympathy. ‖ (Cantonese) buttocks (Classifier: 個／个 c) ‖ (Cantonese) gross (twelve dozen, 144) ‖ (Hokkien) already; now (final perfective particle expressing completion)
|
|
|
囉 • (ra) · 囉 • (ra) (hangeul 라, revised ra, McCune–Reischauer ra)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : ra
|
|
囉
|
| 囌
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹
|
Only used in 嚕囌／噜苏 (lūsū).
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tô
|
|
囌
|
| 囑
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoɡ) : semantic 口 + phonetic 屬 (OC *tjoɡ, *djoɡ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
|
to enjoin; to urge; to instruct • to entrust; to put into the care of; to request • words of enjoinment; advice; testament
|
|
|
囑 • (chok) · 囑 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chúc
|
|
囑
|
| 囱
|
|
|
|
|
|
囱 • (chong, chang) · 囱 • (chong, chang) (hangeul 총, 창, revised chong, chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ch'ang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : song
|
|
囱
|
| 国
|
Simplified from 國 (或 → 玉). Also compare 囯, an unorthodox variant of 國 that contains 王 (“king”) instead of 玉 (“jade”).
|
|
|
‖ 国(くに) • (kuni) ‖ 国(こく) • (koku)
|
‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state • the office of emperor, the crown; affairs of state • a province of ancient Japan • the national government in ancient Japan; the national capital in ancient Japan • one's birthplace, where one is from, one's home ‖ a land, a large place • a country in general, a region • a country as in a nation, a state
|
|
Alternative form of 國 (“hanja form of 국 (“country; state; nation; land”)”)
|
canonical : 国: Hán Việt readings: quốc 国: Nôm readings: quốc
|
Alternative form of 國 (“chữ Hán form of quốc (“(only in compounds) nation; state; country”).”)
|
国
|
| 圬
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'u
|
|
|
plaster over with layer of mud
|
圬 (eum 오 (o))
|
trowel
|
Hán-Nôm : hũ
|
|
圬
|
| 圭
|
Pictogram (象形) : 土 + 土 – stack of (clay, jade) tablets. Duplication of 土.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Middle-Chinese : kwej
|
jade pointed at top • (historical) jade tablet used by officials when addressing the emperor in court • (historical) gui (type of ancient Chinese sundial) • a surname
|
‖ 圭(けい) • (Kei)
|
square jewel • corner • angle • edge ‖ a unisex given name
|
圭 (eum 규 (gyu))
|
jade pointed at top
|
Hán-Nôm : quê • Hán-Nôm : khoai • Hán-Nôm : khuê • Hán-Nôm : que
|
|
圭
|
| 圯
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yi
|
bridge
|
|
|
|
|
canonical : 圯: Hán Việt readings: di 圯: Nôm readings: dãy • canonical : dẻ • canonical : dẽ • canonical : dĩ
|
|
圯
|
| 圳
|
‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ
|
furrow in a field; small drainage in a field ‖ Only used in 深圳 (Shēnzhèn). ‖ The meaning of this term is uncertain.
|
|
|
圳 • (su, cheon) · 圳 • (su, cheon) (hangeul 수, 천, revised su, cheon, McCune–Reischauer su, ch'ŏn)
|
Used in placename (See 深圳) • Note: the pronunciation 수(su), which is attested as standard in most of Korean hanja dictionaries, is reconstructed from Fanqie, whereas 천(cheon) is derived from the modern Chinese pronunciation. As this hanja is not used in common Sino-Korean words, 천 is used in most of Korean dialogues and documents.
|
|
|
圳
|
| 坍
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 丹 (OC *taːn).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹
|
to collapse; to topple
|
|
|
坍 (eum 담 (dam))
|
|
canonical : 坍: Nôm readings: đàn • canonical : than
|
|
坍
|
| 坩
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːm, *kʰaːm) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khann • Middle-Chinese : kham ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴
|
earthenware ‖ Only used in 坩堝／坩埚 (gānguō).
|
|
jar, pot
|
坩 • (gam) · 坩 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam)
|
earthenware, earthenware vessel
|
Hán-Nôm : cam
|
|
坩
|
| 坼
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰraːɡ) : semantic 图 (“hand”) + phonetic 斥 (OC *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡs, *ŋ̊ʰjaːɡ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak³
|
^† to crack; to break open • ^† to sprout; to blossom
|
|
split • tear • open
|
坼 • (tak) · 坼 • (tak) (hangeul 탁, revised tak, McCune–Reischauer t'ak)
|
split • open
|
Hán-Nôm : sách
|
|
坼
|
| 垠
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gûn • Middle-Chinese : ngin • Middle-Chinese : ngj+n • Middle-Chinese : ngon
|
boundary; limit • dike; riverbank; raised border
|
|
limit • boundary
|
垠 • (eun) · 垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)
|
boundary • bank of stream or river
|
Hán-Nôm : hằn • Hán-Nôm : ngăn • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngân • Hán-Nôm : ngần
|
|
垠
|
| 埂
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Middle-Chinese : kaeng • Middle-Chinese : kaengX ‖
|
low bank of earth between fields; earth dyke ‖ (Lichuan Gan) to argue; to quarrel
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ghềnh
|
|
埂
|
| 埔
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 甫. ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo
|
(Hakka, Southern Min) plain; flatland • Used in place names. ‖ Used in 黃埔／黄埔 (Huángpǔ). ‖ Alternative form of 埠 (“wharf”) • Used in place names. • (Hong Kong) Short for 大埔 (Dàbù, “Tai Po”). ‖ Used in 查埔 (cha-po͘, “man”). ‖ Used in 柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài).
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : bộ
|
|
埔
|
| 堕
|
Simplified from 墮 (elimination of 工).
|
|
|
|
to degenerate • to descend to • to lapse into
|
|
|
|
|
堕
|
| 堯
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːw) : phonetic 垚 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 兀 (“towering and bald”). Also an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 垚 (“tall (of earth)”) + 兀 (“towering and bald”). \ The oracle bone script consists of two 土 (“soil; earth”) at the top and one 兀 at the bottom.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâu • Middle-Chinese : ngew
|
^‡ lofty; high • Emperor Yao, legendary ruler of ancient China • a surname • (Mainland China) yotta- (SI unit prefix)
|
|
high • far
|
堯 • (yo) · 堯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nghiêu • Hán-Nôm : nghẻo • Hán-Nôm : nghễu • Hán-Nôm : nhao • Hán-Nôm : nhiều
|
|
堯
|
| 塢
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːʔ, *qaːs) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Middle-Chinese : 'uX
|
(literary) castle or obstruction that provides protection • (literary) small market town • hollow; place with elevated surroundings and a depressed center • structure with high sides to keep the wind out (e.g. a dock)
|
|
Alternative form of 隖
|
塢 • (o) · 塢 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ổ • Hán-Nôm : ọ • Hán-Nôm : ủ • Hán-Nôm : ụ
|
|
塢
|
| 塵
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鹿 (“deer”) + 土 (“soil, dust”) – cloud of dust produced by a (group of) running deer. Ancient simplification of 𪋻, which pictures three deer on top instead of one. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-dul ~ r-tul (“dust”). Cognate with Tibetan རྡུལ (rdul, “dust, particle”).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : can⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thûn • Middle-Chinese : drin
|
dust; dirt; ashes; cinders • to be streaked with dirt; to become stained • trace; footprint • (figurative) dirty thing • (figurative) war; warfare • (Buddhism) this world; mundane world; this mortal life • (Buddhism) the number billionth (10⁻⁹) • for a long time • a surname
|
‖ 塵(ちり) • (chiri) ‖ 塵(じん) • (jin) ^(←ぢん (din)?)
|
‖ dust ‖ (Buddhism) impurity • one billionth
|
塵 • (jin) · 塵 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trần • Hán-Nôm : chần
|
|
塵
|
| 塹
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰams) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Middle-Chinese : tshjemH
|
A deep pit or trench, especially a city moat • A natural barrier • A rift valley
|
|
|
塹 • (cham) · 塹 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : khiếm
|
|
塹
|
| 墀
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drij
|
|
|
|
墀 • (ji) · 墀 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trì
|
|
墀
|
| 墊
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːms, *diːb) : phonetic 執 (OC *tjib) + semantic 土 (“earth”). \ ; "to pay in advance" \ Replaced 㞟 (diàn).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dim³ • Middle-Chinese : temH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep
|
pad; cushion; mat • to put something under something else to raise or balance it • to fill up something; to insert something • (Southern Min) to sow ‖ to pay something in advance; to pay for somebody ‖ to sink down; to drown; to perish; to descend ‖ Only used in 墊江／垫江 (Diànjiāng).
|
|
|
墊 • (jeom) · 墊 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : điếm
|
|
墊
|
| 壅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoŋ, *qoŋʔ, *qoŋs) : phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs) + semantic 土 (“soil; ground”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowngX
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(literary) to obstruct; to block; to stop • (literary) to heap; to pile up • (literary) to cover; to hide
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plug up • shut up
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壅 (eumhun 막을 옹 (mageul ong))
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hanja form of 옹 (“to block; to obstruct”)
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Hán-Nôm : ung
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壅
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| 壑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : xak
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mountain valley; narrow ravine; bed of torrent; gully • hole; deep hole with water
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壑 • (hak) · 壑 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)
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Hán-Nôm : hác
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壑
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| 壕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô • Middle-Chinese : haw
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moat; channel • (military) trench • (Internet slang) Alternative form of 土豪 (tǔháo)
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‖ 壕(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 壕(ほり) • (hori)
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moat, trench ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat
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壕 • (ho) · 壕 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho)
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Hán-Nôm : hào
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壕
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| 壘
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Middle-Chinese : lwijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leot⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ
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rampart; military wall • (baseball) base • to pile up ‖ Only used in 鬱壘／郁垒 (Yùlǜ). ‖ Used in 磈壘／磈垒. • Alternative form of 纍／累 (léi) • Alternative form of 蘲 (léi)
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‖ 壘(るい) • (rui)
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‖ Kyūjitai form of 塁
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壘 (eumhun 진 루 (jin ru), word-initial (South Korea) 진 누 (jin nu))
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hanja form of 루/누 (“rampart”) • hanja form of 루/누 (“(baseball) base”)
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Hán-Nôm : lũy • Hán-Nôm : luỹ
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壘
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| 壙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 土 (“earth; dirt”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : khwangH
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(literary) tomb; grave • (literary) open wilderness; prairie • (literary) Alternative form of 曠／旷 (kuàng, “vast; expansive”)
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壙 • (gwang) · 壙 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang)
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Hán-Nôm : khoảng
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壙
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| 壟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roŋʔ) : phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 土 (“earth”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : ljowngX
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grave; mound • raised path between fields • ridge
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mound • grave • rice field dike
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壟 • (rong) · 壟 • (rong) (hangeul 롱, revised rong, McCune–Reischauer rong)
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Hán-Nôm : lũng
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壟
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| 壩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡs) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 霸 (OC *praːɡs).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : baa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè
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dam; embankment; dike • Alternative form of 垻／坝 (“plain; beach”) • beach (sandy, on a river, lake or coast, used chiefly in place names)
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壩 • (pae) · 壩 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'ae)
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Hán-Nôm : bá
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壩
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| 壮
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Simplified from 壯 (爿 → 丬)
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‖ 壮(さかん) • (sakan) -na (adnominal 壮(さかん)な (sakan na), adverbial 壮(さかん)に (sakan ni)) ‖ 壮(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 壮(つよし) • (Tsuyoshi)
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‖ Alternative form of 盛ん ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name
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Hán-Nôm : tráng
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壮
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| 声
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‖ 声(こえ) • (koe) ^(←こゑ (kowe)?) ‖ 声(せい) • (sei) ‖ 声(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 声(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
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‖ a voice • an accent • a feedback • (in the form ～の声を聞く (...no koe o kiku), lit. “listenable voice”) a feeling, sound, or tone of something • a voiced sound • (archaic) a Sino-Japanese pronunciation or reading of a Chinese character, as opposed to its 訓 (kun) or native Japanese counterpart ‖ voice • speech, word • fame, honor, reputation • Chinese character pronunciation ‖ a voice, speech • a tone • a variation of stress in pronunciation • Short for 声点 (shōten): a tone mark (in Middle Chinese) ‖ voice, sound • expression, speech • tone (in Chinese linguistics)
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声
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| 壺
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Contraction of 葫蘆 (OC *ɡaː raː, “calabash”) (Wu, 2006).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
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pot; jar; kettle (vessel used to boil liquid); jug; vase; can; thermos; bottle; flask; canteen (water bottle) • (historical) a kind of ancient vessel • Classifier for bottled liquid. • a surname
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‖ 壺(つぼ) • (tsubo) ‖ 壺(こ) • (ko)
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‖ container or depression: · A pot or jar; a vessel or bottle. • container or depression: · A basin, as at the base of a waterfall. • container or depression: · A pressure point in acupressure or acupuncture. • The core or heart of an issue. • (slang) Those who believe in the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification (formerly the Unification Church) and/or who are in close touch with this religion. (As this religion used to sell vessels to cast out evil spirits) ‖ hu (ancient Chinese vessel shaped like a vase, usually used to store alcohol)
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壺 (eum 호 (ho))
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Hán-Nôm : hồ
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壺
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| 夙
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Characters in the same phonetic series (夙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ The oracle bone script consisted of 月 (“moon”) and 丮, and resembled a man holding the moon, probably representing the worship of the moon. Alternatively, it might represent a person working under the moon in the early morning when the moon has not set. \ In some forms of its bronze inscription, 月 corrupted into 夕. \ 丮 later got reduced into 凡. \ Schuessler (2007) compares this with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-sok ~ *V-sok (“morning; morrow”), which STEDT derives from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s(j)u-ŋ/k (“to wake up; morning; clear-headed; to sober up”). Burmese သောကြာ (sau:kra, “Venus”) is unrelated as it ultimately derives from Sanskrit शुक्र (śukra). \ Schuessler (2007) also considers this to be related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *m-sow (“to arise; to awake; to awaken”), as the morning is the time to arise. Other possible Chinese comparanda of this Tibeto-Burman word are 搜 (OC *sru, “to move”) (as in 搜搜), 速 (OC *sloːɡ, “speedy”), 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “to urge on”) (STEDT).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Middle-Chinese : sjuwk
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early morning • early • old; past • since old days
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early morning • early • since long ago • to be prudent, mindful, respectful
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夙 • (suk) · 夙 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk)
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Hán-Nôm : túc
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夙
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| 够
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够
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| 夤
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : în • Middle-Chinese : yin
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夤 • (in) · 夤 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in)
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Hán-Nôm : dần
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夤
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| 夥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰloːlʔ, *ɡloːlʔ, *ɡroːlʔ) : phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ) + semantic 多. \ According to Fangyan, 夥, which means "many" or "much", was a dialectal expression found in rural Qi and Song and around the border between Chu and Wei (齊宋之郊、楚魏之際曰夥). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hér • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Middle-Chinese : hwaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hweaX
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many; much; a lot of; numerous • (alt. form 伙) companion; partner; assistant ‖ Only used in 夥頤／伙颐.
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immense • tremendous
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夥 (eumhun 많을 과 (maneul gwa)) · 夥 (eumhun 많을 화 (maneul hwa))
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hanja form of 과 • hanja form of 화
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Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : hỏa • Hán-Nôm : hoả • Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả
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夥
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| 夾
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – one person (大) holding two other people (人) under his arm, or two people (人) sandwiching a person (大). ‖ ‖ From 合 (MC kop). Compare Hokkien 佮 (“and; with”) and Teochew 佮 (“and; with”). For sound development, compare modern Cantonese 鴿／鸽 (gaap3), from 鴿 (MC kop). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gep⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giap • Middle-Chinese : keap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gereh ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ
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to squeeze between; to pinch; to clamp; to hold between • to carry under one's arm • to place in between; to be located between; to be wedged between • on or from both sides • to support; to assist • to mix; to intermingle; to intersperse • clip; clamp • folder; wallet • torture device used to squeeze the ankles • wharf by a river • Short for 夾室／夹室. • Short for 夾鐘／夹钟. • (Cantonese, figuratively) to remove; to take away • (Canada, US) intersection of ‖ double-layered; lined • Alternative form of 袷 (“lined garment”) • a surname ‖ Only used in 夾竹桃／夹竹桃 (jiāzhútáo) and 夾生／夹生 (jiāshēng). ‖ Only used in 夾肢窩／夹肢窝 (gāzhiwō). ‖ (Cantonese) also; and • (Cantonese) well-matched; matching; harmonious • (Cantonese, Hokkien) to match; to fit • (Cantonese) to coordinate • (Cantonese) to share • (Cantonese) to contribute; to chip in ‖ (Hokkien) to clamp; to pinch (using chopsticks, tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien Hokkien) to clamp with a chela • (Hokkien) clamp-like tool used to pick up things (such as tongs, clips, pegs, etc.) ‖ to perambulate; to inspect on foot • Alternative form of 挾／挟 (xié, “to seize”) ‖ Alternative form of 狹／狭 (xiá, “narrow”) ‖ Alternative form of 鋏／铗 (jiá, “hilt of a sword”)
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insert between • cramped
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夾 • (hyeop) · 夾 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
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Hán-Nôm : giáp • Hán-Nôm : xáp • Hán-Nôm : ghép • Hán-Nôm : kép
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夾
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| 奄
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 大 (“big”) + 申 (“extend”) – to cover.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Middle-Chinese : 'jemX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹
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to cover; to surround; to include • suddenly; abruptly; quickly; hastily ‖ feeble • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 閹／阉 (yān, “to castrate; eunuch”) • Alternative form of 淹 (yān, “to remain; to tarry”)
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cover • suffocate • obstruct
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奄 • (eom) · 奄 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, revised eom, McCune–Reischauer ŏm)
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Hán-Nôm : yêm • Hán-Nôm : yểm • Hán-Nôm : ăm • Hán-Nôm : im • Hán-Nôm : em
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奄
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| 奎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷeː) : semantic 大 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Middle-Chinese : khwej
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the stride of a person • Legs, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions
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star
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Hán-Nôm : khuê
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奎
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| 奐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : abbreviated phonetic 夐 (OC *qʰʷeːns, *qʰʷeŋs) + semantic 廾. Alternatively ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 穴 (“yurt”) + 廾 (“hands”) a pair of hands opening a yurt door to let in sunlight, hence brilliant. Originally used to represent 換 (OC *ɢʷaːns, “to change; to swap”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
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numerous
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clear • bright
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奐 • (binnal hwan) · 奐 • (binnal hwan) (hangeul 빛날 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan)
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be numerous, brilliant
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Hán-Nôm : hoán
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奐
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| 奕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : phonetic 亦 (OC *laːɡ) + semantic 大 (“big; great”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǐ
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great; grand • beautiful • skilled; adept • bright • (of years, generations, etc.) many; one after another • Alternative form of 弈 (yì, “Go (board game); to play Go”) • Alternative form of 亦 (yì, “also”) • Alternative form of 弋 (yì), used in 游奕 (yóuyì). • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) to play (cards, lottery, chess, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to start; to begin (in an activity)
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奕 • (hyeok) · 奕 • (hyeok) (hangeul 혁, revised hyeok, McCune–Reischauer hyŏk)
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Hán-Nôm : dịch
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奕
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| 奘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːŋʔ, *zaːŋs) : phonetic 壯 (OC *ʔsraŋs) + semantic 大.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzangX • Middle-Chinese : dzangH
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fat, stout • great, huge
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奘 • (jang) · 奘 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang)
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Hán-Nôm : tráng
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奘
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| 奥
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‖ 奥(おく) • (oku) ‖ 奥(おく) • (Oku)
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‖ inside; inner depths • back, rear • inside the house • one's heart, true feelings ‖ a surname
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奥 (eumhun 깊을 오 (gipeul o)) ‖ 奥 (eumhun 따뜻할 욱 (ttatteuthal uk))
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Alternative form of 奧 (“hanja form of 오 (“deep”)”). ‖ Alternative form of 燠.
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canonical : 奥: Nôm readings: áo
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奥
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| 奧
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Shuowen interprets it as a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːɡs) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 𢍏 (), but is not widely accepted. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àu • Middle-Chinese : 'awH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹
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^† southwest corner of a room • ^† depths of a room • ^† secluded; deep and hidden away • ^† profound; esoteric; obscure • Short for 奧林匹克／奥林匹克 (àolínpǐkè, “Olympics”). • Short for 奧地利／奥地利 (Àodìlì, “Austria”). ‖ turbid
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heart • interior
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奧 (eumhun 깊을 오 (gipeul o)) ‖ 奧 (eumhun 따뜻할 옥 (ttatteuthal ok))
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hanja form of 오 (“deep”) ‖ (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 燠 (“hanja form of 옥 (“warmth”)”)
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canonical : 奧: Hán Việt readings: áo 奧: Nôm readings: áo
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奧
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| 奩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
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dowry • bridal trousseau • box for women's cosmetics or garments
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奩 (eumhun 화장 상자 렴 (hwajang sangja ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 화장 상자 염 (hwajang sangja yeom))
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canonical : 奩: Hán Việt readings: liêm 奩: Nôm readings: liêm
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奩
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| 妍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːn) : semantic 女 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngen
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(literary) bright, colorful and beautiful
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妍 • (yeon) · 妍 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn)
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Hán-Nôm : ngơn
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妍
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| 妝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsrjang
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to put on makeup; to adorn oneself • adornment, makeup and dress • trousseau; dowry • (Wenzhounese) to do; to make
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妝 • (jang) · 妝 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang)
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Hán-Nôm : Trang
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妝
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| 妞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niu
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(colloquial) girl
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Hán-Nôm : nữu
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妞
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| 妣
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : pjijX
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(literary, honorific) deceased mother
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[deceased] mother
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妣 • (bi) · 妣 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi)
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Hán-Nôm : tỉ
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妣
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| 妤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 予 (OC *la, *laʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yo
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Only used in 婕妤 (jiéyú).
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妤 • (yeo) · 妤 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ)
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아름답다(=伃): beautiful, pretty, fair; handsome, good-looking
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Hán-Nôm : dư
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妤
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| 妯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuw
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Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli). ‖ to move; to be agitated; to not be tranquil
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妯 • (chuk) · 妯 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk)
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Hán-Nôm : dâu • Hán-Nôm : chục • Hán-Nôm : trục
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妯
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| 妳
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; Etymology 1 \ ; Etymology 2
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní
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(chiefly Taiwanese Mandarin) you (singular, female)
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Extended shinjitai form of 嬭
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妳
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| 姍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaːn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + abbreviated phonetic 刪 (OC *sraːn). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slaːn) : semantic 女 (“female”) + abbreviated phonetic 刪 (OC *sraːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : san ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹
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Used in 姍姍／姗姗 (shānshān). • (obsolete) to slander • (obsolete) glorious • a surname ‖ Only used in 便姍／便姗.
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姍 • (san) · 姍 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san)
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姍
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| 姒
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ziX
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wife of elder brother • (chiefly historical) a surname
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姒 • (sa) · 姒 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa)
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Hán-Nôm : tự
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姒
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| 姘
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phing • Middle-Chinese : pheang • Middle-Chinese : pheng
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extramarital sex, illicit sexual relations
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|
|
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Hán-Nôm : phanh
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姘
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| 姣
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Middle-Chinese : kaewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâu • Middle-Chinese : haew
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(literary) beautiful ‖ (obsolete or Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Leizhou Min, Hainanese, of a woman) lewd; flirtatious
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beautiful • handsome • pretty
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姣 • (gyo) · 姣 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
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lovely, charming • lewdness
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Hán-Nôm : giảo
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|
姣
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| 姬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klɯ, *lɯ) : semantic 女 (“woman; matrilateral family line; family name”) + phonetic 𦣞 (). \ ; Zhou dynastic surname \ :Instead, he suggests an etymological connection between "the two intermarrying moieties, a ruling clan and its collateral, wife-supplying counterpart": 姬 (OC *(C)ɰə̀ɰ) and 姜 (*(C)ɰàŋ). He also points to other word-pairs, including 似 (MC ziX, “to resemble”) < *-əɰʔ and 像 (MC zjangX, “to imitate, image”) < *-aŋʔ, which display the phonetic correspondences: *-ɰ vs. *-ŋ as well *-ə- vs. *-a- (ibid.) \ ; lady (ancient laudatory title for women) \ 姬本周姓，其女貴於列國之女，所以婦人美號皆稱姬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]姬本周姓，其女贵于列国之女，所以妇人美号皆称姬。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Kangxi zidian \ Jī běn Zhōu xìng, qí nǚ guì yú lièguó zhī nǚ, suǒyǐ fùrén měihào jiē chēng jī. [Pinyin] \ Ji ("姬") was originally the surname of the Zhou; their princesses were more honorable than princesses of other states; therefore women with laudatory appellations are all called Ji ("姬"). \ ; "gay" ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : ki ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : yi
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a surname, used by the ruling family of the House of Zhou • (literary) lady (ancient laudatory title for women) • (mythology) name of a river • (literary) beauty • (literary) concubine • (neologism, slang) Synonym of 基 (jī, “gay”), with a feminine connotation; lesbian ‖
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‖
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alternative form of 姫 ‖
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姬 • (hui) · 姬 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
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woman
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Hán-Nôm : cơ
|
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姬
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| 娌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : liX
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Only used in 妯娌 (zhóuli).
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brother's wife
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|
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Hán-Nôm : lí
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娌
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| 娑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *saːl, *saːlʔ) : phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 女 (“woman”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : sa • Middle-Chinese : saX
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Used in 婆娑 (pósuō) and 娑娑. • Used in transcription.
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old woman
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娑 (eum 사 (sa))
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dance, frolic • lounge • saunter
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Hán-Nôm : sa
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娑
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| 娓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mj+jX • Middle-Chinese : mijH
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(archaic) to comply with; to yield to • Used in 娓娓 (wěiwěi, “tireless”).
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|
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娓 • (mi) · 娓 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi)
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Hán-Nôm : vãi
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娓
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| 娣
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “young family member”). \ Same word as 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls, “younger brother”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH
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younger of two women married to a man; (in general) concubine of a man • younger sister • wife of husband's younger brother • mother's younger sister • a surname • Used in the given name of a girl to symbolize the hope that she will have a younger brother.
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younger sister • sister-in-law
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娣 • (je) · 娣 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che)
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younger sister • sister-in-law
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Hán-Nôm : đệ
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娣
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| 娩
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‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Middle-Chinese : mjenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Middle-Chinese : mjonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan³ • Middle-Chinese : phjonH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : mjunH
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to give birth to a child ‖ (literary) beautiful; delicate; fine • (literary) complaisant; agreeable ‖ A surname. • Alternative form of 萬／万 (wàn) ‖ (alt. form 嬎) to reproduce ‖ Used in female personal names.
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bear (children)
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娩 • (man) · 娩 • (man) (hangeul 만)
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Hán-Nôm : vãn
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娩
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| 娼
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From 倡 (OC *tʰjaŋ, “performer”). Cognate with 唱 (OC *tʰjaŋs, “to sing”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshang
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prostitute • (historical) female performer of song and dance
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prostitution
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娼 (eumhun 창녀 창 (changnyeo chang))
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hanja form of 창 (“prostitute”)
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Hán-Nôm : xướng
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娼
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| 婀
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o² • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Middle-Chinese : 'aX
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beautiful; graceful • (alt. form 娿) Used in 媕婀 (“indecisive”).
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charm • flirtation
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婀 • (a) · 婀 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)
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be beautiful • be graceful
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Hán-Nôm : a
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婀
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| 婁
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Originally phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro) : semantic 爪 (“hands”) + phonetic 角 (OC *kroːɡ, *ɡ·roːɡ) + semantic 女 (“woman”). Meaning uncertain. \ Later ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 母 (“mother”) + 中 + 女 (“daughter”). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ
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(Chinese astronomy) the constellation Lóu, one of the twenty-eight lunar mansions • (dialectal, of a body) weak; feeble; frail • (dialectal, of melons) overripe and unfit to eat • a surname ‖ (obsolete) to drag; to trail; to pull ‖ (obsolete) to tether oxen
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frequently • tie
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婁 (eum 루 (ru))
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a constellation • to wear
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Hán-Nôm : lâu • Hán-Nôm : sau • Hán-Nôm : lu • Hán-Nôm : lủ • Hán-Nôm : lũ
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婁
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| 婊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 表.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piáu
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(colloquial, derogatory, vulgar) prostitute; whore; bitch • (slang, derogatory) to be badmouthed; to be wrongly accused; to be regarded as a bitch
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|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : biểu
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婊
|
| 婷
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deːŋ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 亭 (OC *deːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng
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Used in compounds and personal names. • a surname
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|
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婷 (eum 정 (jeong))
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Hán-Nôm : đình
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婷
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| 媲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰiːs) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 𣬉 ().
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei³ • Middle-Chinese : phejH
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to marry, to match • to equal • to compare
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|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : tỉ
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媲
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| 媽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Colloquial form of 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mow (“woman, female”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa² • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ma • Middle-Chinese : muX
|
mom; mum: an affectionate term for a mother • (usually with qualifier) other older female relatives or house-servants • (religion) "The Mother", an epithet of the Fujianese sea goddess Mazu (媽祖／妈祖). • (obsolete, hapax) mare; female horse
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mother
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媽 • (ma) · 媽 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma)
|
mother • grandmother
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Hán-Nôm : mụ • Hán-Nôm : má • Hán-Nôm : mã • Hán-Nôm : mợ • Hán-Nôm : ma
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媽
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| 媾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs) : semantic 女 (“female”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Middle-Chinese : kuwH
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(originally) to marry in a cousin marriage (to cement the relationship between families); (in general) to marry • to dote on • to make peace; to reach agreement; to negotiate peace • to copulate; to have sexual intercourse
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|
sex, coitus • intimacy, relation
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媾 (eum 구 (gu))
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Hán-Nôm : cấu
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媾
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| 嫖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *pʰews) : semantic 女 + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *pʰews) : semantic 女 + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewH
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to visit prostitutes; to patronise prostitutes ‖ nimble; agile
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wanton, hedonist
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嫖 • (pyo) · 嫖 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : phiêu • Hán-Nôm : phếu • Hán-Nôm : phiếu • Hán-Nôm : tẹo • Hán-Nôm : phèo
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嫖
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| 嫗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qos) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔu (“egg; bird”). \ Pronunciation 1 is a departing tone derivation from pronunciation 2, literally "the one who is breeding" (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qos) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔu (“egg; bird”). \ Pronunciation 1 is a departing tone derivation from pronunciation 2, literally "the one who is breeding" (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'juH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ
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mother • (old) woman ‖ (of birds) to incubate; to sit on eggs • to warm with one's body • to raise; to nurture • friendly; affable
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‖ 嫗(おみな) • (omina)
|
‖ a grown woman • an old woman
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嫗 • (gu) · 嫗 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku)
|
old woman, hag
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Hán-Nôm : ẩu
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|
嫗
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| 嫘
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴
|
a surname
|
|
|
|
|
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嫘
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| 嫣
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : xjien • Middle-Chinese : 'jen • Middle-Chinese : 'jenX • Middle-Chinese : 'jonH
|
(of appearance) beautiful
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|
beautiful • beauty
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嫣 (eum 언 (eon))
|
beautiful, beauty
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Hán-Nôm : yên
|
beautiful
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嫣
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| 嫦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 常 (OC *djaŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng⁴
|
Only used in 嫦娥 (Cháng'é).
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|
Used as a proper name
|
嫦 • (hang) · 嫦 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thường
|
|
嫦
|
| 嫵
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : mjuX
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|
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charming • enchanting
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嫵 • (mu) · 嫵 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
charming • (be) gentle • (be) pretty
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Hán-Nôm : vũ
|
|
嫵
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| 嫻
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hean
|
(literary, or in compounds, of personality, behaviour, etc.) elegant, gentle and quiet • (literary, or in compounds) skilled; skillful; adept; proficient
|
|
elegant • refined • skillful
|
嫻 • (han) · 嫻 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han)
|
elegant • refined • skillful
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Hán-Nôm : nhàn
|
|
嫻
|
| 嬉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Also an ideogramic compound, as the right radical means "joy". ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ). Also an ideogramic compound, as the right radical means "joy".
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi • Middle-Chinese : xiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei²
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to enjoy • to play; to amuse oneself ‖ Used in personal names.
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happy; glad
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嬉 (eum 희 (hui))
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Hán-Nôm : hi
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嬉
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| 嬋
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Middle-Chinese : dzyen
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嬋 (eum 선 (seon))
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Hán-Nôm : thiền • Hán-Nôm : thuyền
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嬋
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| 嬌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krew, *krewʔ, *ɡrew) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : kjew • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : kjewX
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pampered; spoiled • seductive and loveable • tender; delicate • beautiful woman; beauty; lovely lady • to dote on; to make a pet of
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seductive
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嬌 • (gyo) · 嬌 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo)
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Hán-Nôm : kiều
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嬌
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| 嬝
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嬝
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| 嬤
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁴
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Only used in 嬤嬤／嬷嬷 (mómo).
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嬤
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| 嬪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bin) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin) – a kind of woman, a court lady or maid. 賓 also means “obey, submit”, hence connotations of “an obedient woman, a maid”. \ Endopassive form of 賓 (OC *mpin, “to receive like a guest”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin
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(historical) court lady • (historical) palace maid • (archaic) a posthumous name for wives in Zhou ritual
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嬪 (eumhun 아내 빈 (anae bin))
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hanja form of 빈 (“court lady”)
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Hán-Nôm : tần
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嬪
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| 嬰
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 賏 (“a string of shells”) + 女 (“woman”). \ Probably related to 縈 (OC *qʷeŋ, “to entwine”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : enn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : inn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'jieng
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baby; infant • necklace • to put on; to wear • to surround • to entangle; to fetter • to suffer • to offend • to exert • a surname
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‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei) ‖ 嬰(えい) • (ei)
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young child, newborn child • used as western symbol ♯ sharp to mark the accidentals of musical notes • necklace • put around one's neck ‖ newborn baby; infant • surround ‖ (music) sharp (♯)
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嬰 • (yeong) · 嬰 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng)
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canonical : 嬰: Hán Việt readings: anh
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嬰
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| 嬴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yeng
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(obsolete) to have a surplus; to be full • (obsolete) to bear; to take responsibility • a surname (no longer common since Han dynasty)
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to win • to have a surplus
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嬴 • (yeong) · 嬴 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng)
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to be full of
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Hán-Nôm : doanh
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嬴
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| 嬸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯmʔ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ). \ Monosyllabic fusion of 叔母 (MC syuwk muwX, “father's younger brother + wife”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsím • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím
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paternal aunt (wife of father's younger brother)
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Hán-Nôm : thím
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嬸
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| 孀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraŋ) : semantic 女 (“woman”) + phonetic 霜 (OC *sraŋ). \ Zhang (2000) relates it to 喪 (OC *smaːŋ, “mourning; funeral”), 喪 (OC *smaːŋs, “to lose”) and 霜 (OC *sraŋ, “frost (which causes loss)”). However, Schuessler (2007) considers these three words etymologically unrelated.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sng • Middle-Chinese : srjang
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widow
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widow
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孀 (eum 상 (sang))
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widow
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Hán-Nôm : sương
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孀
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| 孑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : kjet
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alone; lonely • left-over; remaining • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). • a surname
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孑 (eum 혈 (hyeol))
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Hán-Nôm : két
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孑
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| 孓
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From 子. ‖ From 子.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot • Middle-Chinese : kjut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX
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missing one's left arm • short • Used in 孑孓 (jiéjué). ‖ Only used in 孑孓 (jiéjué).
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Hán-Nôm : quyết
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孓
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| 孚
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 子 (“child”) – to capture a child. The original form of 俘. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 子 (“child”) – to capture a child. The original form of 俘.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Middle-Chinese : phju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
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Original character of 俘 (fú) • Original character of 蜉 (fú) • Alternative form of 孵 (fū) • Alternative form of 稃 (fū) ‖ (literary) to convince; to gain trust • (literary) trust; confidence • (used in oracle bone) Alternative form of 俘 (fú) • Alternative form of 浮 (fú) • Alternative form of 莩 • Alternative form of 付 (fù)
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sincere; nourish
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孚 (eum 부 (bu))
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Hán-Nôm : phu • Hán-Nôm : phù
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孚
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| 孜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔslɯ) : phonetic 子 (OC *ʔslɯʔ) + semantic 攵 (“action”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi
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Alternative form of 孜孜 (zīzī)
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孜 (eum 자 (ja))
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Hán-Nôm : tư
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孜
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| 学
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‖ 学(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 学(がく) • (-gaku) ‖ 学(さとる) or 学(まなぶ) or 学(まこと) • (Satoru or Manabu or Makoto)
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education, study, learn • school • science ‖ scholarship; learning; knowledge ‖ -ology; -ics; study of... ‖ a male given name
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学 (eumhun 배울 학 (bae'ul hak))
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Alternative form of 學 (“hanja form of 학 (“to learn”)”)
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学
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| 孱
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‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzrean • Middle-Chinese : dzrjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : dzreanX
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(literary) weak; small; frail; feeble • meager; mean; shallow • cautious ‖ Only used in 孱頭／孱头 (càntou, “coward; weakling”). ‖ ‖
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孱 (eum 잔 (jan))
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Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sờn
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孱
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| 孳
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯs) : phonetic 兹 (OC *ʔsɯ, *zɯ) + semantic 子 (“child”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi • Middle-Chinese : dziH
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孳 • (ja) · 孳 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha)
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Hán-Nôm : tư
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孳
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| 孺
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : nyuH
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^† young and small • ^† young child
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孺 (eum 유 (yu))
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Hán-Nôm : nhọ
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孺
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| 孿
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *run. Cognate with Jingpho marun (“to have twins”) (from run (“to be in pairs”)). (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : srwaenH • Middle-Chinese : ljwen
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twins
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twins
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孿 (eum 산 (san))
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twins
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Hán-Nôm : loan
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twins
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孿
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| 宝
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Simplified from 寶 (⿱珤貝 → 玉). Officially adopted as the simplified form of 寶 in the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme (《漢字簡化方案》) in 1956.
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‖ 宝(たから) • (takara)
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precious objects • worldly goods • valuable possessions ‖ treasure
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宝 • (bo) · 宝 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po)
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jewel
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Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : báu • Hán-Nôm : bửu
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宝
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| 宥
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH
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forgive, pardon, indulge
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soothe • calm • pacify
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宥 (eum 유 (yu))
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Hán-Nôm : hựu
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宥
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| 寐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mids) : abbreviated semantic 㝱 (“dream”) + phonetic 未 (OC *mɯds). \ Original form may have been an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宀 (“house”) + 爿 (“bed”) + 人 (“person”) – a person sleeping on a bed in a room. Compare ancient forms of 夢. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/s-mwəj (“to sleep; to dream”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan རྨི་བ (rmi ba, “to dream”), Tibetan རྨི་ལམ (rmi lam, “dream”), Burmese မွေ့ (mwe., “to enjoy sleep”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mī • Middle-Chinese : mjijH
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(literary) to sleep • (archaic, euphemistic) to die • a surname
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寐 • (mae) · 寐 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae)
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Hán-Nôm : mị
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寐
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| 寝
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‖ 寝(ね) • (ne) ‖ 寝(ぬ) • (nu) intransitive ^†nidan ‖ 寝(い) • (i) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin) ‖ 寝(しん) • (shin)
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‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ (archaic) to sleep ‖ (obsolete) sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping ‖ sleep, sleeping • inner parlor/parlour, living room
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寝 • (chim) · 寝 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im)
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寝
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| 寤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːs) : abbreviated semantic 㝱 (“dream”) + phonetic 吾 (OC *ŋraː, *ŋaː).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nguH
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(literary) to wake up; to awake • (alt. form 悟) to become aware; to realize; to awaken
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寤 • (o) · 寤 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o)
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Hán-Nôm : ngộ • Hán-Nôm : ngụ • Hán-Nôm : ngù • Hán-Nôm : ngú
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寤
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| 寵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r̥ʰoŋʔ) : semantic 宀 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thióng • Middle-Chinese : trhjowngX
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to spoil; to pamper; to favour • respect; honour; glory • favour; love • favourite • concubine • a surname
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寵 • (chong, ryong) · 寵 • (chong, ryong) (hangeul 총, 룡, revised chong, ryong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, ryong, Yale chong, lyong)
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Hán-Nôm : sủng • Hán-Nôm : sũng • Hán-Nôm : sổng
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寵
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| 寿
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‖ 寿(じゅ) • (ju) ‖ 寿(ことぶき) • (kotobuki) ‖ 寿(ことほぎ) • (kotohogi) ‖ 寿(ひさし) • (Hisashi)
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longevity; long life • congratulations ‖ years of age ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ congratulations, felicitations • something worthy of congratulations • long life, longevity ‖ a male given name
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寿 (eum 수 (su))
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Alternative form of 壽
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寿
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| 将
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‖ ‖
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‖ ‖
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‖ ‖
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‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(しょう) • (Shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?) ‖ 将(すすむ) • (Susumu) ‖ 将(まさる) • (Masaru) ‖ 将(ひとし) • (Hitoshi)
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‖ a commander • a general, admiral, or other high-ranking officer, especially of the Japan Self-Defense Forces • (historical) a rank in the 近衛府 (Konoe-fu, “office of the imperial guard during the Nara period”) ‖ commander, general, leader • military rank • take, hold • from now on, in the future ‖ a female given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name ‖ a male given name
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将 (eumhun 장수 장 (jangsu jang))
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Alternative form of 將 (장 (jang))
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canonical : 将: Hán Việt readings: tướng • canonical : tương 将: Nôm readings: tướng
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chữ Hán form of tương (“Alternative form of 將”).
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将
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| 尷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːm) : semantic 尢 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam
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Only used in 尷尬／尴尬 (gāngà, “embarrassed; embarrassing”). • (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) Short for 尷尬.
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Hán-Nôm : giám
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尷
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| 尹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín • Middle-Chinese : ywinX
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to govern; oversee • director • a surname
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director (of the ritsuryō-period Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office)
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尹 (eumhun 성 윤 (seong yun))
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a surname
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Hán-Nôm : doãn • Hán-Nôm : duẫn
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尹
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| 尽
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|
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exhaust • use up • run out of • deplete • befriend • serve
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尽 • (jin) · 尽 • (jin) (hangeul 진)
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exhaust, use up • deplete
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尽
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| 屆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːds) : semantic 尸 (“body”) + phonetic 凷 (OC *kʰuːds) \ The ACG sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 届(とど)かない (todokanai, “to not reach”), negative form of 届(とど)く (todoku, “to reach”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH
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^† to arrive; to reach; to come or go to a particular destination; to be at a location or moment • Classifier for times, terms, graduation classes, periodically convened events, etc. • (ACG slang, of emotions or thoughts) to reach (someone); to get through
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屆 • (gye) · 屆 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye)
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canonical : 屆: Hán Việt readings: giới
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屆
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| 届
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‖ 届(とどけ) • (-todoke)
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‖ report, notice, registration
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届
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| 屍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hli, *hlis) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli) + semantic 死. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hli, *hlis) : phonetic 尸 (OC *hli) + semantic 死.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : syij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Middle-Chinese : syijH
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corpse; carcass (Classifier: 具; 條／条 c) ‖ ^‡
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‖ 屍(かばね) • (kabane) ‖ 屍(しかばね) • (shikabane)
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corpse, cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver ‖ a corpse, a cadaver
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屍 • (si) · 屍 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si)
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Hán-Nôm : thi • Hán-Nôm : thây
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chữ Hán form of thi (“corpse”). • Nôm form of thây (“corpse”).
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屍
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| 屐
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Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreɡ) : abbreviated semantic 履 (“shoe”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiā • Middle-Chinese : gjaek
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(Classical, Cantonese, Hakka or Min) clogs; wooden shoes
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屐 • (geuk) · 屐 • (geuk) (hangeul 극, revised geuk, McCune–Reischauer kŭk)
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Hán-Nôm : kịch
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屐
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| 屜
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thè
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drawer • tray • pad • screen
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Hán-Nôm : thế
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屜
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| 属
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Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
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‖ 属(ぞく) • (zoku)
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class, category, type • belong to • genus ‖ (taxonomy) a genus
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属
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| 岌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡrɯb) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gi̍p • Middle-Chinese : ngip
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(literary) lofty; towering • Used in 岌岌 (jíjí, “perilous”). • Used in 岦岌.
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岌 (eumhun 높을 급 (nopeul geup))
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canonical : 岌: Hán Việt readings: ngập 岌: Nôm readings: gập • canonical : ngấp • canonical : ngất • canonical : ngập • canonical : ngờm • canonical : ngợp • canonical : nhấp
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岌
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| 岑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîm • Middle-Chinese : dzrim
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(literary) small but tall hill • (obsolete) high • a surname
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peak, mountaintop • used in names
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岑 • (jam, eum) · 岑 • (jam, eum) (hangeul 잠, 음, revised jam, eum, McCune–Reischauer cham, ŭm)
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Hán-Nôm : sầm • Hán-Nôm : sum • Hán-Nôm : xờm
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岑
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| 岫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯwɢs) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siū • Middle-Chinese : zjuwH
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mountain peak • cave; cavern • (Southern Min) nest, den or lair of animals
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‖ 岫(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 岫(しゅう) • (shū)
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cave • summit ‖ (archaic or obsolete) cave • (archaic or obsolete) summit, mountaintop ‖ (rare) cave
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岫 • (su) · 岫 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su)
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岫
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| 岱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs) + semantic 山 (“mountain”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dojH
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a nickname for Mount Tai (Daishan), one of the Five Sacred Mountains in China
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岱 • (dae) · 岱 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae)
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Hán-Nôm : đại • Hán-Nôm : đồi • Hán-Nôm : đai
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岱
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| 岷
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn • Middle-Chinese : min
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(～江) Min River (a river in Sichuan Province, China) • (～山) Min Mountains (a mountain range in Sichuan and Gansu Provinces, China)
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岷 (eum 민 (min))
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岷
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| 峙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯʔ) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : driX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si⁶
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to stand erect; to tower • underwater mound ‖ Only used in 繁峙 (Fánshì, “Fanshi”).
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峙 (eum 치 (chi))
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Hán-Nôm : trĩ • Hán-Nôm : trì
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峙
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| 峡
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Simplified from 峽 (夾 → 夹).
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gorge • ravine
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峡
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| 峪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦkloːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ, “valley”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶
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valley; ravine
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Hán-Nôm : dụ
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峪
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| 峯
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peak, summit
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峯 (eumhun 봉우리 봉 (bong'uri bong))
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hanja form of 봉 (“peak, summit”)
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Hán-Nôm : phong
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峯
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| 峽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːb) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Middle-Chinese : heap
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gorge
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gorge • strait • ravine • isthmus
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峽 • (hyeop) · 峽 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp)
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Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : hệp • Hán-Nôm : siệp
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峽
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| 崆
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Middle-Chinese : khuwng • Middle-Chinese : khaewng
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Used in place names. • Used in compounds.
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崆 (eum 공 (gong))
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Hán-Nôm : không
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崆
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| 崑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːn) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 昆 (OC *kuːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwon
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Only used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) and related terms.
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崑 • (gon) · 崑 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon)
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Hán-Nôm : côn • Hán-Nôm : kon
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崑
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| 崙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːn) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Middle-Chinese : lwon
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Used in 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún), etc.
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崙 (eum 륜 (ryun))
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Hán-Nôm : lôn • Hán-Nôm : son • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : lon
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崙
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| 崢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraːŋ, *zreːŋ) : semantic 山 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : dzraeng • Middle-Chinese : dzreang
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lofty; towering
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崢 • (jaeng) · 崢 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng)
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Hán-Nôm : chênh • Hán-Nôm : tranh
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崢
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| 嵩
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 山 (“mountain”) + 高 (“tall”). \ Reasoning that 嵩 and 崧 (sōng) are the same word and the latter's phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ) suggests the medial *-l-, Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation *suŋ < *sluŋ, proposes that it was from Austroasiatic and compares it to Proto-Mon-Khmer *sluŋ ~ *sluuŋ (“high”). However, note Baxter & Sagart (2014)'s reconstructions 嵩 (OC), 崧 (OC *[s]uŋ), & 松 (OC *sə.ɢoŋ) without medial *-l-.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjuwng
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(literary, of a mountain) high; lofty • a surname
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‖ 嵩(かさ) • (kasa)
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pile up, accumulate • bulk, volume ‖ bulk, large quantity • mass, volume
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嵩 (eum 숭 (sung))
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Hán-Nôm : tung
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嵩
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| 嶄
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴
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towering; outstanding • very ‖ Only used in 嶄巖／崭岩, alternative form of 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán, “steep; cliff”)
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嶄 (eum 참 (cham))
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Hán-Nôm : chởm
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嶄
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| 嶇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Middle-Chinese : khju
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Only used in 崎嶇／崎岖 (qíqū, “rugged, rough”) and 嶇嶔／岖嵚 (“steep, sheer”). • (Hakka) steep
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嶇 (eum 구 (gu))
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Hán-Nôm : khu
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嶇
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| 嶝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯːŋs) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH
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(literary) path leading up a mountain
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嶝 • (deung) · 嶝 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng)
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嶝
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| 嶼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaʔ) : semantic 山 + phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las). \ This character was affected by misreadings, or Youbian dubian.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : zjoX
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island; islet
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island
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嶼 (eumhun 섬 서 (seom seo))
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hanja form of 서 (“island”)
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Hán-Nôm : dữ • Hán-Nôm : tự
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嶼
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| 嶽
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ga̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngaewk
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tall mountain; highest peak • a surname
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嶽 (eum 악 (ak))
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Hán-Nôm : nhạc
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嶽
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| 巒
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan
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pointed mountain • mountain range; ridge
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small peak
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巒 (eum 만 (man))
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Hán-Nôm : loại
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巒
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| 巔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn) : semantic 山 + phonetic 顛 (OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-tjaŋ (“upper part”). Cognate with 顛 (OC *tiːn, “top of the head”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Middle-Chinese : ten
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summit of mountain; mountain top; peak • highest; top • (traditional Chinese medicine, anatomy) head
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巔 • (jeon) · 巔 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn)
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巔
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| 巽
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Originally 巺, Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨎 (“people kneeling”) + 丌 (“table”) – "food, meal; to prepare/display food". \ Jiajie (假借) - The character was subsequently borrowed for a near-homophone meaning "obedient; modest", and the original meaning came to be represented by 饌 (OC *sɡroːnʔ, *sɡrons), through the addition of a semantic component 飠 (“food; eating”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : swonH
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☴ the fifth of the eight trigrams • ䷸ the 57th of the 64 hexagrams • obedient • modest
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‖ 巽(たつみ) • (tatsumi) ‖ 巽(たつみ) • (Tatsumi)
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southeast ‖ (obsolete) southeast ‖ a surname
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巽 (eumhun 부드러울 손 (budeureoul son))
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Hán-Nôm : tốn • Hán-Nôm : rốn • Hán-Nôm : lún dức
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巽
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| 帑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː) : phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 巾. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thóng • Middle-Chinese : thangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : nu
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storehouse of money • national money ‖ Alternative form of 孥 · one's offspring • Alternative form of 孥 · one's wife and offspring
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帑 • (tang, no) · 帑 • (tang, no) (hangeul 탕, 노, revised tang, no, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, no)
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Hán-Nôm : nô
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帑
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| 帛
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *braːɡ) : phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ) + semantic 巾 (“cloth”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pe̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Middle-Chinese : baek
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silks; fabrics • wealth; property
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silk (archaic)
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帛 (eumhun 비단 백 (bidan baek))
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silk
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Hán-Nôm : bạch
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帛
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| 幀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtɯːŋs) : semantic 巾 + phonetic 貞 (OC *teŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³
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^† picture; scroll • Classifier for pictures. • (computing) frame, fps (frame per second)
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幀 • (jeong, taeng) · 幀 • (jeong, taeng) (hangeul 정, 탱, revised jeong, taeng, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, t'aeng)
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canonical : 幀: Hán Việt readings: tránh 幀: Nôm readings: tranh • canonical : trinh
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Nôm form of tranh (“a painting”).
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幀
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| 幔
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buān • Middle-Chinese : manH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mua
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curtain; screen; canopy ‖ coat; cape; cloak; mantle • to drape over one's shoulders; to wrap around • to put one's arm around another's shoulder or neck
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幔 (eum 만 (man))
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Hán-Nôm : mạn • Hán-Nôm : màn
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幔
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| 幗
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kwojH • Middle-Chinese : kweak
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(historical) women's headgear; women's hair ornament
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Hán-Nôm : quắc • Hán-Nôm : vức
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幗
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| 幛
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Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 巾 (“cloth”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn
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a type of oblong banner or scroll carrying a message used at weddings, funerals, etc. • to cover
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Hán-Nôm : trướng
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幛
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| 幟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯɡs, *tʰjɯɡs, *hljɯɡs) : semantic 巾 (“cloth”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshì • Middle-Chinese : syiH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiH
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flag; banner • (literary) mark; sign • a surname
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‖ 幟(のぼり) • (nobori)
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‖ flag, banner
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幟 • (chi) · 幟 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i)
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canonical : 幟: Hán Việt readings: xí 幟: Nôm readings: xí
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chữ Hán form of xí (“flag, banner”).
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幟
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| 幫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋ) : phonetic 封 (OC *poŋ, *poŋs) + semantic 帛 (“silk”) – the upper part of a shoe (鞋幫).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pong • Middle-Chinese : pang
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the sides of an object (particularly a shoe) • to help; to assist; to aid • gang; faction; group • (informal, derogatory) Classifier for groups of people. • (dialectal) for • (Shanghainese) and; with • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 幫 (MC pang) • (Hokkien) Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains. • (Hokkien) Classifier for batches of letters, bulk deliveries, etc. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to supplement (on the side) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to participate in or to depend partially or entirely on betting, contests, etc. for profit • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sublet; to sublease • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expand; to enlarge; to extend
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Kyūjitai form of 幇
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幫 (eumhun 도울 방 (doul bang))
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hanja form of 방 (“help”)
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Hán-Nôm : bang
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幫
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| 庖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bruː) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 包 (OC *pruː).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu • Middle-Chinese : baew
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(literary) kitchen • (literary) chef; cook
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庖 (eum 포 (po))
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Hán-Nôm : bào
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庖
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| 庠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaŋ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : zjang
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(archaic) country school • to teach
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‖
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school; originally, a school in ancient China ‖
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庠 (eum 상 (sang))
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Hán-Nôm : tường
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庠
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| 庾
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Middle-Chinese : yuX
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a surname
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庾 (eumhun 곳집 유 (gotjip yu)) · 庾 (eumhun 노작가리 유 (nojakgari yu))
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Hán-Nôm : dũ
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庾
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| 廁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ts(j)i-t/n (“urine; to urinate”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tsrhiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhiH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹
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toilet; lavatory ‖ (literary) to mingle with; to participate in ‖ Used in 廁足／厕足 (cèzú).
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廁 (eum 치 (chi))
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Hán-Nôm : xí
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廁
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| 廂
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn • Middle-Chinese : sjang
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wing; side room; theater box • side • train carriage; compartment • vicinity of a city
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廂 • (sang) · 廂 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
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Hán-Nôm : rương • Hán-Nôm : sương • Hán-Nôm : tương
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廂
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| 廈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːs, *ɡraːʔ) : semantic 广 + phonetic 夏 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs). \ Related to 嘏 (OC *kraːʔ, “great”) (Wang, 1982). ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā • Middle-Chinese : haeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ēe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe
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mansion; large building • a surname ‖ Only used in 廈門／厦门 (Xiàmén); also used as its short form.
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廈 (eum 하 (ha))
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Hán-Nôm : hè • Hán-Nôm : hạ
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廈
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| 廖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːw, *rɯːws, *rɯws) : semantic 广 + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH
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(～國) the Zhou dynasty-era state of Liao • a surname
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廖 (eum 료 (ryo))
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Hán-Nôm : liêu
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廖
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| 廚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *do) : semantic 广 + phonetic 尌 (OC *djos). ‖ Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 厨(ちゅう) (-chū).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Middle-Chinese : drju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ
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kitchen • cook; chef (Classifier: 個／个 c) • Original form of 櫥／橱 (chú, “closet; cupboard”). ‖ (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) someone who is zealously enthusiastic about something • (Internet slang, chiefly ACG) to be zealous about something
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廚 • (ju) · 廚 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu)
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Hán-Nôm : chù • Hán-Nôm : chùa • Hán-Nôm : trù
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廚
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| 廝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *se) : semantic 广 + phonetic 斯 (OC *se).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sje
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(male) servant; menial • A lightly insulting term used to refer to someone. • mutually; with each other
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廝 (eum 시 (si))
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Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tư
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廝
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| 廠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs) : semantic 广 + phonetic 敞 (OC *tʰjaŋʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangX • Middle-Chinese : tsyhangH
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^† shack (without wall) • ^† (animal) shed • factory; workshop; mill; (industrial) plant • depot; yard
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‖ 廠(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
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‖ depot
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廠 (eum 창 (chang))
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Hán-Nôm : xưởng
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廠
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| 廬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ra) : semantic 广 + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : ljo
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rudimentary lodgings; hut; shack; simple countryside house • (archaic) inn; guesthouse; lodging (for officials) • (historical) hut near a tomb used for morning • (～山) Mount Lu in Jiangxi province • a surname
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‖ 廬(いお) • (io) ^(←いほ (ifo)?) ‖ 廬(いおり) • (iori) ^(←いほり (ifori)?)
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‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging ‖ a temporary hut • a temporary lodging • a small hut for hermits and priests; a hermitage
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廬 (eum 려 (ryeo))
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Hán-Nôm : lư
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廬
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| 廿
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The pronunciation in most dialects is a contraction of 二十 (èrshí). The irregular pronunciation (e.g. /nVm/) dates back to the Song dynasty, to avoid homophony with a vulgar word; see 入 (rù) (now commonly written as 日 (rì) in dialects).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Middle-Chinese : nyip
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twenty
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‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(にじゅう) • (nijū) ^(←にじふ (nizifu)?) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (hatachi) ‖ 廿(はたち) • (Hatachi)
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(dated) twenty ‖ (dated) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): twenty, 20 ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十 (nijū): a twenty-year-old ‖ (archaic) Alternative spelling of 二十歳 (hatachi): a twenty-year-old ‖ a surname
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廿 (eumhun 스물 입 (seumul ip)) · 廿 (eumhun 이십 입 (isip ip))
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twenty; twentieth
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Hán-Nôm : niệm • Hán-Nôm : trấp • Hán-Nôm : trập • Hán-Nôm : nhập • Hán-Nôm : chấp
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廿
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| 弈
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
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(literary) Go (board game) • to play Go • Alternative form of 奕 (yì)
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Chinese chess
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弈 (eum 혁 (hyeok))
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Chinese chess
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Hán-Nôm : dịch
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弈
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| 弥
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‖ 弥(わたる) • (Wataru) ‖ 弥(み) • (mi)
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go across; span; cover • widely, extensively; far and wide • increasingly; more and more • for a long time; forever ‖ a male given name ‖ Used in transliterations.
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弥 (eum 미 (mi))
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|
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弥
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| 弩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *naːʔ) : phonetic 奴 (OC *naː) + semantic 弓 (“bow”). \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na (“crossbow”), whence Drung tana, Naxi daqna. \ Unger (1990) suggests a derivation from 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense; to exert”), as the crossbow shoots arrows by releasing elastic potential energy stored in its limbs. Ferlus (1999) cites Gernet's opinion that 砮 (OC *naː, *naːʔ, “stone arrow-tip”) had been semantically extended to mean the whole crossbow. \ More likely, 弩 (OC *naːʔ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-na were Sinitic and Tibeto-Burman renditions of a Mainland Southeast Asian Wanderwort (Ratliff, 2010), possibly of Austroasiatic origin (Norman and Mei, 1976; Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007). Compare other MSEA lexical items meaning "crossbow": \ * Proto-Mon-Khmer *snaʔ, whence Vietnamese ná, Khmer ស្នា (snaa); \ * Proto-Hmong-Mien *nhaᴮ, whence White Hmong hneev, Iu Mien hnaav; \ * Proto-Tai *ʰnwɯəꟲ, whence Thai หน้าไม้ (nâa-máai), Lao ໜ້າໄມ້ (nā mai), Lü ᦐᦱᧉᦺᦙᧉ (ṅaa²may²). \ Also compare Proto-Austronesian *panaq (“to shoot (an arrow)”) (cf. Proto-Mon-Khmer *paɲʔ) whence Malay panah, Tagalog panà, Hawaiian pana.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǒo • Middle-Chinese : nuX
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crossbow
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‖
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crossbow • one of abbreviations for loanwords whose transcription begin with the syllable ド (Do). Especially, dreadnought. ‖
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弩 • (no) · 弩 • (no) (hangeul 노, revised no, McCune–Reischauer no, Yale no)
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Hán-Nôm : nỏ • Hán-Nôm : nỗ • Hán-Nôm : ná • Hán-Nôm : nõ
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弩
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| 弭
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjieX
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(literary) to stop; to put an end to; to remove • (archaic) bow decorated with bone or ivory at the ends • (archaic) curved ends of a bow • (archaic) to reassure; to assuage; to calm • (archaic) to forget • Used in place names. • a surname
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stop, quit • nock, notch
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弭 (eum 미 (mi))
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Hán-Nôm : nhẹ • Hán-Nôm : nhĩ • Hán-Nôm : nhị
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弭
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| 弼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Middle-Chinese : bit
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(literary) to aid; to assist; to help • assistant • tool for rectifying crossbow • to go against; to run counter to
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to assist • assistant
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弼 • (pil) · 弼 • (pil) (hangeul 필, revised pil, McCune–Reischauer p'il, Yale phil)
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Hán-Nôm : bặt • Hán-Nôm : bậc • Hán-Nôm : bật • Hán-Nôm : bằn
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弼
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| 彆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peds, *peːd) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 弓 (“bow”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bit³ • Middle-Chinese : pjiejH
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ends of bow • to make somebody change their opinion; to dissuade • to hold back
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|
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彆 (eumhun 활 뒤틀릴 별 (hwal dwiteullil byeol))
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hanja form of 별 (“warped bow”)
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彆
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| 彌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mnel) : semantic 弓 + phonetic 爾 (OC *njelʔ). ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : mjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Middle-Chinese : mjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ
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to relax a bow • to fill; to cover • full; overflowing; extensive • long; distant • more • to mend; to repair • a surname ‖ Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 弭 (mǐ, “to stop; to put down”) ‖ Alternative form of 婗 (ní)
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Kyūjitai form of 弥.
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彌 (eumhun 미륵 미 (mireuk mi)) · 彌 (eumhun 두루 미 (duru mi))
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canonical : 彌: Hán Việt readings: di 彌: Nôm readings: di
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彌
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| 彎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn) : semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons). \ May be cognate with 迂 (OC *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa). \ ; “homosexual”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uainn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Middle-Chinese : 'waen
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to bend; to make bent • (Penang Hokkien) to turn; to make a turn; to change direction • to draw a bow • bent; curved; crooked; arched • (neologism, slang) gay; homosexual • bend; turn; curve; crook • (Chinese calligraphy) a bend (such as in ㇉, ㇌, ㇟, or ㇠) • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in a river • (灣／湾 (wān)) · a bend in the coastline; bay, gulf • Classifier for bent objects, such as a quarter moon.
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‖ 彎(わん) • (wan)
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bend, curve • stretching a bow ‖ a bend, a curve
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彎 (eum 만 (man))
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Hán-Nôm : loan • Hán-Nôm : thoăn
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彎
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| 当
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‖ 当(とう) • (tō-)
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hit • target; objective; goal • right; correct; appropriate • the aforementioned ...; the ... in question ‖ this (business or place)
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当 • (dang) · 当 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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Hán-Nôm : đáng • Hán-Nôm : đương
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当
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| 彗
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 甡 (“broom”) + 又 (“hand”) – to hold a broom which is made of bamboo. \ Sagart (2021) modifies Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction to *sə-m-pʰˤut-s, deriving it from a root *pʰˤut (“dust”), with the iambic form of the prefix *s-, which derives circumstantial nouns, and the prefix *m-, which derives verbs of volitional action from nouns, and relates it to 勃 (OC *bɯːd) and 孛 (OC *bɯːds, *bɯːd). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH • Middle-Chinese : zjwejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwejH
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(literary) broom • comet • to sweep; to brush ‖ Alternative form of 熭 (wèi)
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comet • broom • to sweep
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彗 (eumhun 살별 혜 (salbyeol hye))
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hanja form of 혜 (“comet”)
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Hán-Nôm : tuệ
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彗
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| 彥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 彣 (“variegated; literary talent”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
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elegant; handsome • learned; accomplished
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彥 • (eon) · 彥 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)
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Hán-Nôm : ngạn
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彥
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| 彷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : phjangX
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Used in 彷徉 (pángyáng). • Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). ‖ Alternative form of 仿 • Used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú).
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|
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彷 (eum 방 (bang))
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Hán-Nôm : phảng
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彷
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| 彿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : phjut
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Only used in 彷彿／仿佛 (fǎngfú).
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彿 • (bul) · 彿 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul)
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Hán-Nôm : phớt
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彿
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| 径
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Simplified from 徑 (巠 → 𢀖) based on the table of 54 simplified radical components listed in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme by the People's Republic of China. ‖ Simplified from 逕 which is listed as a variant traditional form of 徑／径 (jìng) in the 1956 first round revision table of variant Chinese characters (第一批异体字整理表) by the People's Republic of China. \ As a variant form, 逕／迳 (jìng) is to be replaced by 徑／径 (jìng) as its orthodox form, which is succeeded by 径 as the simplified form of 徑／径 (jìng). ‖ Unorthodox variant simplified from 徑 (巠 → 圣) found in a moveable type copy of the classical Chinese novel Jin Ping Mei 《金瓶梅 (Jīnpíngméi)》. \ First attested in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty. \ Another similar character, which has (⿱ス土) as its right component can also be found in 《太平樂府》.
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‖ ‖
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‖ ‖
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path • diameter • method
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径 • (gyeong) · 径 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
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Hán-Nôm : kính
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径
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| 徇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɢʷins) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zwinH
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to submit; to comply
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|
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徇 • (sun) · 徇 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
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Hán-Nôm : toang • Hán-Nôm : toạng • Hán-Nôm : tuân • Hán-Nôm : tuẫn
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徇
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| 徨
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
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Used in 彷徨 (pánghuáng). • Used in 徨徨.
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wander
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徨 (eum 황 (hwang))
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Hán-Nôm : hoàng
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徨
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| 徬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːŋs) : semantic 彳 + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : bangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴
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(archaic) to walk alongside; to accompany ‖ Used in 徬徨.
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wander about • walk along side of
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徬 (eum 방 (bang))
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to wander about • walk along side of • to be next to
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Hán-Nôm : bàng
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徬
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| 忖
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Middle-Chinese : tshwonX
|
to ponder; to speculate • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to think • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to want • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to look forward to; to plan for • (chiefly Zhejiang Wu) to miss
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|
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忖 (eumhun 헤아릴 촌 (hearil chon))
|
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Hán-Nôm : thổn
|
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忖
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| 忝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰiːmʔ, *l̥ʰiːms) : phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn) + semantic 心 (“heart”) ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : tim⁵ • Middle-Chinese : themX • Middle-Chinese : themH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiám
|
(literary) to shame • (literary, self-deprecatory) ashamedly; with disgrace ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 悿 (“tired; serious”)
|
|
|
忝 • (cheom) · 忝 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thỏm • Hán-Nôm : thiểm
|
|
忝
|
| 怏
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX • Middle-Chinese : 'jangH
|
discontented; dissatisfied; disgruntled
|
|
|
怏 • (ang) · 怏 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ửng • Hán-Nôm : ương • Hán-Nôm : ưởng
|
|
怏
|
| 怵
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhwit ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot¹
|
to fear; to be afraid • sad; sorrowful ‖ (alt. form 訹／𰵓) to entice; to seduce; to lure
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : truột
|
|
怵
|
| 恆
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 亙 (OC *kɯːŋs, “partial moon”). \ May have originally been written 亙. \ In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 was written 舟. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːŋ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 亙 (OC *kɯːŋs, “partial moon”). \ May have originally been written 亙. \ In Small Seal Script, the 月 in 亙 was written 舟.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hn̂g • Middle-Chinese : hong
|
^† (of the moon) to wax • ^† to extend everywhere ‖ lasting; constant • ordinary • perseverance • (literary) often; frequently • 32nd hexagram of the I Ching; “endurance” (䷟)
|
|
always, constant
|
恆 • (hang) · 恆 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hằng
|
|
恆
|
| 恋
|
|
|
|
‖ 恋(こい) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?) ‖ 恋(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?)
|
attach • love ‖ love, especially romantic love • longing, yearning ‖ a female given name
|
恋 • (ryeon>yeon) · 恋 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
|
|
|
|
恋
|
| 恙
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋs) : phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 心.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Middle-Chinese : yangH
|
worry • disaster; calamity • illness; ailment • (～蟲) chigger
|
‖ 恙(つつが) • (tsutsuga)
|
disaster; calamity ‖ disaster; calamity
|
恙 (eum 양 (yang))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dạng
|
|
恙
|
| 恪
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːɡ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Middle-Chinese : khak
|
^† respectful; scrupulous • ^† solemn; serious • a surname
|
|
|
恪 (eum 각 (gak))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : khác
|
|
恪
|
| 恫
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung¹ • Middle-Chinese : thuwng • Middle-Chinese : duwngH
|
|
|
feel pain • threaten • groan
|
恫 • (tong) · 恫 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : động • Hán-Nôm : thông
|
|
恫
|
| 恿
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋʔ) : phonetic 甬 (OC *loŋʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|
Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite”). • Alternative form of 勇 (yǒng, “brave; courage; bravery”)
|
|
|
恿 • (yong) · 恿 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dũng
|
|
恿
|
| 悅
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod, *lod) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ Often written as 說 in pre-Qin texts. \ STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). Cognate with 愉 (OC *lo, “happy; pleased”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to speak; to explain”), 脫 (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to take off (clothes); to escape”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : ywet
|
pleased; contented; gratified • to be pleasing to • to like; to love
|
|
|
悅 (eum 열 (yeol))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : duyệt
|
|
悅
|
| 悌
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːlʔ, *diːls) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). Often written as 弟 in Pre-Qin classics.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tē • Middle-Chinese : dejX • Middle-Chinese : dejH
|
to love and respect one's elder brothers • (chiefly in compounds, of the mind) peaceful; at ease
|
|
|
悌 (eum 제 (je))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : đễ
|
|
悌
|
| 悚
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX
|
to fear; to be terrified
|
|
|
悚 (eum 송 (song))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tủng
|
|
悚
|
| 悵
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Middle-Chinese : trhjangH
|
disappointed; dissatisfied
|
|
|
悵 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trướng
|
|
悵
|
| 悶
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːns) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 心 \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-mun (“dark”) (STEDT). Cognate with 昏 (OC *hmɯːn, “dusk; dark”), Tibetan མུན་པ (mun pa, “darkness”), Burmese မှုန် (hmun, “dim; gloomy”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn • Middle-Chinese : mwonH
|
gloomy; depressed; melancholy • bored • stuffy
|
‖ 悶(もん) • (mon)
|
‖ agony
|
悶 (eumhun 답답할 민 (dapdaphal min))
|
hanja form of 민 (“agony”)
|
canonical : 悶: Hán Việt readings: muộn • canonical : môn 悶: Nôm readings: muốn • canonical : mụn
|
chữ Hán form of muộn (“sad, sorrowful”). • Nôm form of muốn (“to want, to desire”).
|
悶
|
| 悸
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷids) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 季 (OC *kʷids).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjwijH
|
|
|
|
悸 • (gye) · 悸 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|
|
|
悸
|
| 悻
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁵
|
(literary) angry; resentful
|
|
|
悻 (eum 행 (haeng))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hãnh
|
|
悻
|
| 悽
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshej
|
(alt. form 淒／凄) miserable; sorrowful; sad
|
|
|
悽 (eum 처 (cheo))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thê
|
|
悽
|
| 惆
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : trhjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Middle-Chinese : khjuw
|
disappointed; sad; grieved ‖ ^‡ Alternative form of 恘 (qiū, “perverse”)
|
|
|
惆 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trù
|
|
惆
|
| 惘
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 罔 (OC *mlaŋʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bòng • Middle-Chinese : mjangX
|
disappointed; disconcerted; dejected; discouraged
|
|
|
惘 (eum 망 (mang))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : võng
|
|
惘
|
| 惚
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːd) : semantic 忄 + phonetic 忽 (OC *hmɯːd).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hut • Middle-Chinese : xwot
|
absent-minded; confused
|
|
fall in love with • admire • grow senile
|
惚 (eum 홀 (hol))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hốt • Hán-Nôm : ghen
|
|
惚
|
| 惧
|
|
|
|
|
dread
|
|
|
|
|
惧
|
| 惨
|
|
|
|
|
wretched
|
惨 • (cham, chim) · 惨 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thảm • Hán-Nôm : thom
|
|
惨
|
| 惴
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Middle-Chinese : tsyweH
|
|
|
|
惴 (eum 췌 (chwe))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nhoai
|
|
惴
|
| 惺
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing² • Middle-Chinese : seng • Middle-Chinese : sjengX
|
(literary) intelligent; clever; astute • (literary) to come to understand; to come to realize
|
|
|
惺 • (seong, hwang) · 惺 • (seong, hwang) (hangeul 성, 황, revised seong, hwang, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, hwang, Yale seng, hwang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tênh • Hán-Nôm : tinh
|
|
惺
|
| 惻
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cak¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshik • Middle-Chinese : tsrhik
|
sad; sorrowful; grieved • to be sympathetic; to be empathetic • (literary) sincere; earnest
|
|
|
惻 (eum 측 (cheuk))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trắc
|
|
惻
|
| 愀
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : tshjewX • Middle-Chinese : dzjuwX
|
to look solemn or sad
|
|
|
愀 (eum 초 (cho))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : xỉu
|
|
愀
|
| 愎
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Middle-Chinese : bik
|
obstinate; stubborn; headstrong
|
|
|
愎 (eumhun 강퍅할 퍅 (gangpyakhal pyak))
|
hanja form of 퍅 (“obstinate; stubborn; headstrong”)
|
Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phức
|
|
愎
|
| 愜
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːb) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 匧 (OC *kʰeːb).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : khep
|
|
|
be satisfied • be comfortable
|
愜 (eum 협 (hyeop))
|
be satisfied • be comfortable
|
Hán-Nôm : khép • Hán-Nôm : khiếp • Hán-Nôm : thiếp
|
|
愜
|
| 愴
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX
|
(literary) sad; sorrowful • Alternative form of 滄／沧 (cāng, “cold”) ‖ Only used in 愴怳／怆怳 (chuǎnghuǎng).
|
|
sad, pathetic
|
愴 (eum 창 (chang))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : sảng • Hán-Nôm : thương
|
|
愴
|
| 愾
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Middle-Chinese : khojH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei³ • Middle-Chinese : xj+jH
|
(literary) to hate; to resent; to be angry ‖ ^† to sigh
|
|
|
愾 • (gae, hui) · 愾 • (gae, hui) (hangeul 개, 희, revised gae, hui, McCune–Reischauer kae, hŭi, Yale kay, huy)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : khái
|
|
愾
|
| 慇
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯn) : phonetic 殷 (OC *qrɯːn, *qɯn) + semantic 心 (“heart”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'j+n
|
careful, anxious, attentive • Alternative form of 殷 (“courteous; intimate”)
|
‖ 慇(いん) • (in)
|
‖ Only used in 慇懃 (ingin, “courteous; intimate”)
|
慇 (eum 은 (eun))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ân
|
|
慇
|
| 慚
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaːm) : phonetic 斬 (OC *ʔsreːmʔ) + semantic 心 (“heart”)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Middle-Chinese : dzam
|
ashamed; embarrassed
|
|
|
慚 • (cham) · 慚 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tàm • Hán-Nôm : tuồm • Hán-Nôm : tam • Hán-Nôm : tom • Hán-Nôm : tùm
|
|
慚
|
| 慝
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nik¹ • Middle-Chinese : thok
|
vice, evil, malevolence • Alternative form of 忒
|
|
|
慝 (eum 특 (teuk))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nấc • Hán-Nôm : nức • Hán-Nôm : thắc
|
|
慝
|
| 慟
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwngH
|
|
|
lament, grieve
|
慟 (eum 통 (tong))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : đỏng
|
|
慟
|
| 慫
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ Probably related to 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 心 (“heart”). \ Probably related to 兇／凶 (xiōng, “fear”) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 480).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˊ
|
(obsolete) to be afraid; to be frightened; to be alarmed • Used in 慫恿／怂恿 (sǒngyǒng, “to instigate; to incite; to provoke”). ‖ Alternative form of 㞞／𪨊 (sóng)
|
|
|
慫 • (jong) · 慫 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : túng
|
|
慫
|
| 慼
|
|
Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshereh
|
(Mainland China Hokkien) to sob; to cry softly • (Taiwanese and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to loathe; to hate; to dislike; to be disgusted with • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to resolve to repent and mend one's ways • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) sorrowful; mournful
|
|
|
慼 • (cheok) · 慼 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thích
|
|
慼
|
| 憊
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pāi • Middle-Chinese : beajH
|
tired; weary; fatigued
|
|
|
憊 (eum 비 (bi))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : bị
|
|
憊
|
| 憑
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯŋ) : phonetic 馮 (OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) + semantic 心. ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : bing ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : peng¹
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to lean on; to lean against • to depend on; to rely on • (colloquial) no matter • on the basis of; according to; by • proof; evidence • (literary) to request • Alternative form of 馮／冯 (“to wade across a river”) ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) to lean against ‖ back (of a chair); backrest
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to lean on • to depend on • (of a spirit) to possess
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憑 (eumhun 기댈 빙 (gidael bing))
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hanja form of 빙 (“lean”)
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Hán-Nôm : bằng
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equal, even
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憑
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| 憚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːns) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dar ~ d(u/i)r (“to shiver, to tremble”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuānn • Middle-Chinese : danH
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(literary) to fear
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憚 • (tan) · 憚 • (tan) (hangeul 탄)
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Hán-Nôm : dạn • Hán-Nôm : đạn • Hán-Nôm : đặn
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憚
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| 懍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·rɯmʔ) : phonetic 稟 (OC *prɯmʔ) + semantic 忄 (“heart, emotions”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lún • Middle-Chinese : limX
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Hán-Nôm : lầm • Hán-Nôm : lẫm
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懍
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| 懣
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwonX • Middle-Chinese : manX • Middle-Chinese : mwonH
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worry • agony • anger
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懣 (eum 문 (mun))
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be sick at heart • sorrowful, sad
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Hán-Nôm : muộn
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懣
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| 懵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːŋs, *mɯːŋʔ) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 瞢 (OC *mɯːŋ, *mɯŋ, *mɯŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX
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absent-minded; stupid; muddle-headed
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Hán-Nôm : mộng • Hán-Nôm : mẫng • Hán-Nôm : mỗng
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懵
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| 懶
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːnʔ) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Middle-Chinese : lanX
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lazy; indolent; slothful • sluggish; drowsy • (often with 得) too lazy to do something; not feeling like doing something
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languid • be lazy • be negligent
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懶 (eum 라 (ra), word-initial (South Korea) 나 (na)) · 懶 (eum 란 (ran), word-initial (South Korea) 난 (nan))
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Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : lãn • Hán-Nôm : lớn • Hán-Nôm : lười
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懶
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| 懺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːms) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). \ Clipping of 懺摩 (MC tsrhaemH ma, “repentance”), from Sanskrit क्षमा (kṣamā, “patience; forbearance; indulgence”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaemH
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to repent • to confess on account of repentance
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懺 • (cham) · 懺 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
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canonical : 懺: Hán Việt readings: sám 懺: Nôm readings: sám • canonical : sắm • canonical : rám
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chữ Hán form of sám (“repent”).
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懺
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| 懿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'ijH
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(literary) virtuous; admirable; esteemed
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(literary) beautiful; splendid
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懿 • (ui) · 懿 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)
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canonical : 懿: Hán Việt readings: ý
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chữ Hán form of ý (“good, fine, virtuous”).
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懿
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| 戍
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 人 (“man”) + 戈 (“spear”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Middle-Chinese : syuH
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to defend the frontier; (in general) to defend; to garrison • (literary) soldier that defends the border • (literary) barracks housing a garrison; garrison
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sword
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戍 • (su) · 戍 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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canonical : 戍: Hán Việt readings: thú 戍: Nôm readings: thú
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chữ Hán form of thú (“border defense, border garrison”).
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戍
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| 戕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”) ‖ ‖ More likely, this is a misplaced pronunciation.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Middle-Chinese : ka • Middle-Chinese : dzjang • Middle-Chinese : tsang
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to kill • to harm • to destroy • (historical) an ancient axe ‖ Only used in 戕牁. ‖ Alternative form of 牁 (kē)
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kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt
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戕 (eumhun 죽일 장 (jugil jang))
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kill • slay • wound • injure • hurt
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Hán-Nôm : tường
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戕
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| 戛
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦣻 (“head”) + 戈 (“halberd”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : aat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ • Middle-Chinese : keat
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lance • tap or strike lightly
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Hán-Nôm : giát
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戛
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| 戟
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Reduced form of 𢧢: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 倝 (“branch, reduction of 榦”) + 戈 (“weapon on pole”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Middle-Chinese : kjaek
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halberd with both a crescent blade and spear tip used in ancient China • to stimulate; to provoke
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‖ 戟(げき) • (geki)
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type of weapon (halberd or spear) ‖ Ji (halberd used in ancient China)
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戟 (eum 극 (geuk))
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hanja form of 극 (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”)
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Hán-Nôm : kích
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chữ Hán form of kích (“Ji, halberd used in ancient China”).
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戟
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| 戡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ) : phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums) + semantic 戈 (“dagger-axe”) ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kham • Middle-Chinese : khom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˇ • Middle-Chinese : trimX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zam³
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to subjugate; to subdue; to quell ‖ ^‡ ‖ Alternative form of 揕 (zhèn)
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victory
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戡 • (gam) · 戡 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
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subjugate • subdue, quell • kill
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Hán-Nôm : kham
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戡
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| 戢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Middle-Chinese : tsrip
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(literary, archaic) to store up (weapons) • (literary, archaic) to draw back; to fold back • (literary, archaic) to stop; to put an end to
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to put away • to cease • store up
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戢 (eum 집 (jip))
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to put away • to cease • store up
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Hán-Nôm : tập
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戢
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| 戮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯwɢ) : phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws) + semantic 戈 (“dagger axe”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan, perhaps related to 劉 (OC *m·ru, “slaughter”). Compare also Mru ruk (“shame”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : luk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljuwk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lak
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to kill; to massacre • to humiliate; to disgrace • to behead a corpse (as posthumous punishment) • to join forces; to cooperate ‖ (Hokkien) to use a tool to pierce an object
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kill
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戮 • (ryuk>yuk) · 戮 • (ryuk>yuk) (hangeul 륙>육, revised ryuk>yuk, McCune–Reischauer ryuk>yuk, Yale lyuk>yuk)
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Hán-Nôm : lục • Hán-Nôm : lóc • Hán-Nôm : dốc • Hán-Nôm : nhốc • Hán-Nôm : nhộc
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戮
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| 戶
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Pictogram (象形) : one-half of 門 (“gate”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s-k(w)a-j (“mouth; opening; spread; door; face; jaw”). Cognate with Tibetan སྒོ (sgo, “door”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Middle-Chinese : huX
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^† door • ^⁜ family; household • Classifier for households. • (only in compounds) bank account • a surname
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door
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戶 (eumhun 지게문 호 (jigemun ho))
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house • hole
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Hán-Nôm : hộ
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chữ Hán form of hộ (“household; door”).
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戶
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| 户
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户
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| 戾
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let
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perverse, recalcitrant, rebellious • 6th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "contrariety" (𝌋)
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‖
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Kyūjitai spelling of 戻 ‖
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戾 • (ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol) · 戾 • (ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol) (hangeul 려>여, 렬>열, revised ryeo>yeo, ryeol>yeol, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, ryŏl>yŏl, Yale lye>ye, lyel>yel)
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Hán-Nôm : lệ
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戾
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| 扈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːʔ) : phonetic 戸 () + semantic 邑 (“area”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Middle-Chinese : huX
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(literary) escort; retinue • (literary) to restrain; to prevent
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扈 (eum 호 (ho))
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Hán-Nôm : hộ
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扈
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| 抉
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Middle-Chinese : kwet • Middle-Chinese : 'wet
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(literary) to gouge; to dig out; to pick out • (literary) to pick out; to select out • (literary) to pierce; to puncture; to butcher • (literary) to reveal; to expose • (Hokkien) to slap; to hit with one's palm • (Hokkien) to plaster; to paint; to daub (on a wall, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to apply on one's face, hands, etc. (of powder, oil, etc.) • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to sweep across to knock over • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to surpass; to be better than; to overtake
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gouge • hollow out • bore • pry
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抉 • (gyeol) · 抉 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
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choose, select • gouge, pluck out
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Hán-Nôm : khoét • Hán-Nôm : quyết • Hán-Nôm : quét • Hán-Nôm : quẹt • Hán-Nôm : quạt
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抉
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| 抨
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːŋ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Middle-Chinese : pheang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ
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to shoot with a catapult • to pat; to beat • to censure; to attack; to impeach • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand ‖ to make (someone do something); to let
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censure, impeach
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抨 (eum 평 (pyeong))
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Hán-Nôm : banh
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抨
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| 抿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín
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to smooth; to brush • to purse; to pucker • to sip • (Hokkien) brush (tool) • (Hokkien) to brush
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Hán-Nôm : mân
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抿
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| 担
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to carry, to bear, to shoulder • raise
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担 • (dan) · 担 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan)
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Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : đảm • Hán-Nôm : đẵn • Hán-Nôm : đắn • Hán-Nôm : đẵm • Hán-Nôm : tạ
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担
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| 拈
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ni • Middle-Chinese : nem
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pick up with fingers or draw lots
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to twist
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拈 • (nyeom>yeom) · 拈 • (nyeom>yeom) (hangeul 념>염, revised nyeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer nyŏm>yŏm, Yale nyem>yem)
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Hán-Nôm : chêm • Hán-Nôm : niêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : chớm • Hán-Nôm : niếm • Hán-Nôm : nắm
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拈
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| 拋
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Described as an Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 手 (“hand”) + 尤 + 力 (“power”) and/or \ a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰreːw, *pʰreːws) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 𡯄 ().
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua • Middle-Chinese : phaew
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to throw away; to discard; to cast; to toss • to give up; to abandon; to reject • to sell in large quantities or at low prices • (literary, or in compounds) to reveal; to expose; to uncover
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拋 • (po) · 拋 • (po) (hangeul 포)
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Hán-Nôm : phao
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拋
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| 拎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
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to lift; to carry in one's hand • (Cantonese) to take; to hold
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Hán-Nôm : lanh • Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : nhạnh
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拎
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| 拚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːn, *brons, *pʰaːn, *puns) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 弁 (OC *brons). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn • Middle-Chinese : pjunH • Middle-Chinese : bjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : pjunH
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Original form of 拼 (pīn). ‖ to clap
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risk • disregard • go all out for
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Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : phấn
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拚
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| 拮
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Middle-Chinese : kjit • Middle-Chinese : ket
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Used in 拮据 (jiéjū).
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拮 • (gil, gyeol) · 拮 • (gil, gyeol) (hangeul 길, 결, revised gil, gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kil, kyŏl, Yale kil, kyel)
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Hán-Nôm : cất • Hán-Nôm : cắt • Hán-Nôm : gặt • Hán-Nôm : gật • Hán-Nôm : kiết • Hán-Nôm : két • Hán-Nôm : kít
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拮
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| 挈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːd) : phonetic 㓞 () + semantic 手 (“hand”). ‖ Probably a variant of 提 (the̍h, “to take”). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiat • Middle-Chinese : khet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ
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to raise; to lift • to take along; to carry; to lead (one's family) ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) to take; to retrieve; to fetch; to get; to bring; to carry ‖ (Eastern Min) to use, by means of, with ‖ unique
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carry in hand
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挈 • (seol, gye) · 挈 • (seol, gye) (hangeul 설, 계, revised seol, gye, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, kye, Yale sel, kyey)
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assist, help • lead by hand
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挈
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| 挟
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pinch • between
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挟
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| 挾
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍p • Middle-Chinese : hep ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nge̍eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeeh
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to clasp under the arm; to hold under the armpit • to coerce; to force obedience • to harbor (resentment, etc.) • to carry ‖ (Hokkien) to have something caught between two things; to sandwich something between two things
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put between • insert • jam • get caught • sandwich
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挾 • (hyeop) · 挾 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp, Yale hyep)
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Hán-Nôm : xáp • Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : giáp • Hán-Nôm : rơi
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挾
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| 捩
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍t • Middle-Chinese : lejH • Middle-Chinese : let ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : leh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerh
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(literary) to turn around • (literary) to reverse; to turn around (an undesirable situation); to remedy ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to pick up something with one's fingertips, especially with one's thumb and forefinger
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捩 • (ryeol>yeol) · 捩 • (ryeol>yeol) (hangeul 렬>열, revised ryeol>yeol, McCune–Reischauer ryŏl>yŏl, Yale lyel>yel)
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捩
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| 捫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːn) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mwon
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捫 (eum 문 (mun))
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Hán-Nôm : môn
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捫
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| 据
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : kjo
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Only used in 拮据 (jiéjū, “short of money; diligent”).
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set • lay a foundation, install, equip • squat down; sit down
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据 • (geo) · 据 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
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Hán-Nôm : cứ • Hán-Nôm : cư • Hán-Nôm : cớ
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据
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| 捱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ê
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to endure; to suffer; to put up with • to drag out; to delay; to stall • to struggle to pull through; to wait (for a long time)
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put off, procrastinate • endure
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捱 • (ae) · 捱 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
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Hán-Nôm : nhay
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捱
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| 捲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡron) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 卷 (OC *ɡron, *kronʔ, *krons, *ɡonʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuán • Middle-Chinese : gjwen • Middle-Chinese : kjwenX • Middle-Chinese : kjwenH
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to roll; to roll up; to curl • roll; cylinder; tube; scroll • rolled up; curly • Classifier for rolled objects: rolls, reels ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • to sweep up; to carry along; to sweep away • to embroil; to involve • (neologism, slang) Short for 內捲／内卷 (“intense competition among peers; to study harder or work longer as a result”).
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curl • roll • wind • turn over (a playing card) • flip through
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捲 (eum 권 (gwon))
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Hán-Nôm : cuốn • Hán-Nôm : quyền • Hán-Nôm : cuộn • Hán-Nôm : quấn • Hán-Nôm : quén • Hán-Nôm : quyển • Hán-Nôm : quyện
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捲
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| 掄
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːn, *run) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nng • Middle-Chinese : lwin • Middle-Chinese : lwon
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(literary) to select • to swing; to brandish • (literary) to waste money
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掄 • (ryun>yun) · 掄 • (ryun>yun) (hangeul 륜>윤, revised ryun>yun, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, Yale lyun>yun)
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Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : luân • Hán-Nôm : luồn
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掄
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| 掖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iā • Middle-Chinese : yek
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side (of body); carry under arm
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掖 (eum 액 (aek))
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Hán-Nôm : dịch
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掖
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| 掙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 爭.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiānn
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to struggle to get free • to struggle to support • to earn; to make • to hold open (with force)
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to wrench open • to ((force)) with all one's might
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Hán-Nôm : tránh • Hán-Nôm : giành
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掙
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| 掣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjeds, *kʰjed) : phonetic 制 (OC *kjeds) + semantic 手 (“hand”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiat • Middle-Chinese : tsyhejH • Middle-Chinese : tsyhet ‖
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to pull; to tug; to drag • to hinder by pulling back; to draw • (literary) to flash past • (Southern Min) to shiver; to shake • (Southern Min) to be afraid; to be scared; to be frightened ‖ (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) electrical switch (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, computing) key (on a keyboard); button (on a video game controller) (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, graphical user interface) button (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese) pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c) · (Cantonese, specifically) brake pedal • (Cantonese) button; push-button; switch; component for controlling device (Classifier: 粒 c; 個／个 c)
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掣 • (che, cheol) · 掣 • (che, cheol) (hangeul 체, 철)
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Hán-Nôm : xiết • Hán-Nôm : xế • Hán-Nôm : xía • Hán-Nôm : siết
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掣
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| 掬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiuh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjuwk
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(literary) to grasp or hold with both hands • (Mainland China Hokkien) to recoil; to tighten; to draw back • (Mainland China Hokkien) to slightly wrinkle; to crease a little • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to struggle; to attempt
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scoop up water with the hand
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掬 • (guk) · 掬 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
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Hán-Nôm : cúc
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掬
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| 揀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 扌 (“hands”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ, “to choose”). Originally written 柬. \ Compare Thai กลั่น (glàn, “to distill; to extract”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Middle-Chinese : keanX • Middle-Chinese : lenH
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to choose; to pick • Alternative form of 撿／捡 (“to pick up”)
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select
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揀 • (gan, yeon) · 揀 • (gan, yeon) (hangeul 간, 연, revised gan, yeon, McCune–Reischauer kan, yŏn, Yale kan, yen)
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Hán-Nôm : gióng • Hán-Nôm : giáng • Hán-Nôm : giản • Hán-Nôm : kiêm
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揀
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| 揆
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : gjwijX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue̍h
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^⁜ guess; to conjecture; to surmise; to reckon • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Hong Kong, Taiwan, formal) prime minister • (dated or formal) leader of the government · (Taiwan, formal) president of the Executive Yuan; premier of the Republic of China • (dated or formal) leader of the government ‖ Alternative form of 劌／刿 (“to rub against; classifier for a segment or section of something that is long”)
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category • plan • drumstick
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揆 • (gyu) · 揆 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
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Hán-Nôm : quẫy
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揆
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| 揖
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ip • Middle-Chinese : 'jip ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹
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to salute with one hand clasping the other in front of one's chest • to politely decline; to modestly decline ‖ Alternative form of 輯／辑 (jí, “to gather”)
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揖 • (eup, jeup) · 揖 • (eup, jeup) (hangeul 읍, 즙)
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Hán-Nôm : ập
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揖
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| 搗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːwʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 島 (OC *tuːwʔ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : táu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Middle-Chinese : tawX
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to pound with a pestle; to smash • to beat with a stick; to smash • to make trouble; to disturb; to mess up • to attack (an enemy); to mount an offensive
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pound, husk
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搗 (eum 도 (do))
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Hán-Nôm : đẽo • Hán-Nôm : đảo • Hán-Nôm : đểu
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搗
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| 搪
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dang
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搪 • (dang) · 搪 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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Hán-Nôm : đường
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搪
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| 搶
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiáunn • Middle-Chinese : tshjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX • Middle-Chinese : tshjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjang • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjangX • Middle-Chinese : tshjangX
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to snatch away • to fight over; to scramble for; to compete for • to rush • to scrape ‖ (literary) to knock; to hit; to strike • to go in the opposite direction
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搶 • (chang) · 搶 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
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Hán-Nôm : sang • Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : thưởng
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搶
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| 搽
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From 塗 (OC *rlaː, “to daub”) (Liu, 1984).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâ
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to apply; to anoint
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搽 • (cha) · 搽 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
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Hán-Nôm : chà • Hán-Nôm : trà
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搽
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| 摑
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄞ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kweak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka̍k
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to slap the face ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to cast (something to hit someone) • (Hokkien) to throw away; to toss
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box one's ears • slap • catch, seize • grasp, hold • arrest, capture
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摑 (eumhun 칠 괵 (chil goek))
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hanja form of 괵 (“hit”)
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Hán-Nôm : quắc • Hán-Nôm : quặc
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摑
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| 摒
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìng • Middle-Chinese : pjiengH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : beng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piànn
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to expel; to cast off ‖ (Cantonese, Hokkien) to clean up; to tidy up • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) to hide • (Hokkien) to dump; to empty
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摒 (eumhun 제거할 병 (jegeohal byeong))
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Hán-Nôm : bính
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摒
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| 摟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *ro) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : lju • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lju • Middle-Chinese : luw ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lau³
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to hug; to embrace • armspan ‖ to gather up • (colloquial) to pull up; to tuck up • to extort; to rake in • (regional) to calculate with an abacus • (regional) to calculate with an abacus · (regional, figurative) to verify through calculation; to examine and calculate; to assess • (dialectal) to pull; to draw • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to drape; to cover • (Cantonese, of insects) to crawl or hover over ‖ to pull in; to rope in; to gather ‖ (Cantonese, transitive) to instigate; to invite; to tempt • (Cantonese, transitive) to provoke
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hug, embrace • drag, pull
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Hán-Nôm : lùa • Hán-Nôm : lâu
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摟
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| 摺
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‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 摺 – see 褶 (“pleat; crease; fold; wrinkle; lined clothing; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 褶).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsih • Middle-Chinese : tsyep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚ • Middle-Chinese : lop
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to destroy • to fold • booklet • foldable • side • (Cantonese) to close down; to fold • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to stay at a place • (Hong Kong Cantonese, university slang) unsocialized; uninteracting towards others • (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for folds of thin sheets. ‖ Used in personal names. ‖ Alternative form of 拉 (“to break; to snap”)
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to rub • to fold
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摺 • (jeop) · 摺 • (jeop) (hangeul 접, revised jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŏp, Yale cep)
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Hán-Nôm : dập
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摺
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| 撈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːw, *reːw) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). ‖ ‖ ‖ Clipping of 撈鬆／捞松 (laau¹ sung¹). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : law ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ ‖ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laau¹ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo
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to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for • (dialectal) to grab; to take up • (figurative) to gain by improper means • (Eastern Min) to blanch; to scald; to cook briefly in boiling water • (Northern Min) to look for; to seek ‖ Used in 撈什子／捞什子, alternative form of 勞什子／劳什子 (láoshízi) ‖ (Cantonese) to mix; to stir • (Cantonese) to earn a living • (Cantonese) to want • (Cantonese) to tease ‖ (Cantonese, derogatory) non-Cantonese Chinese; northern Chinese; Mandarin-speaking Chinese ‖ (Hokkien) to dredge up; to scoop out of water; to fish for
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撈 • (ro>no) · 撈 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
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Hán-Nôm : lau • Hán-Nôm : lao • Hán-Nôm : lạo • Hán-Nôm : trau
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撈
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| 撐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 牚 (OC *rtʰaːŋs) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 牚 (OC *rtʰaːŋs)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang⁶
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to prop up; to support • to push off (with a pole) • to sustain; to maintain • to open; to unfurl • to fill to the point of bursting • (Cantonese, figuratively) to support ‖ (Cantonese) to fill (a space); to expand
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Support, prop up, brace. • The main support or pillar. • Eat one's fill, feast.
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撐 (eum 탱 (taeng))
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Hán-Nôm : sênh • Hán-Nôm : sanh • Hán-Nôm : xênh • Hán-Nôm : xinh • Hán-Nôm : xanh
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撐
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| 撓
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu • Middle-Chinese : xaw • Middle-Chinese : nraewX
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to disturb; to bother; to upset • to stir; to mix • to scratch • Alternative form of 鬧／闹 (nào, “noisy”) • to bend; to yield; to flinch • (Nanning Pinghua) paw; claw
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|
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撓 • (yo) · 撓 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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Hán-Nôm : nhéo • Hán-Nôm : nạo • Hán-Nôm : não • Hán-Nôm : nàu • Hán-Nôm : ngoéo • Hán-Nôm : nhàu • Hán-Nôm : ngàu • Hán-Nôm : nao • Hán-Nôm : nảo • Hán-Nôm : nảu • Hán-Nôm : nãu • Hán-Nôm : nạu • Hán-Nôm : nhao • Hán-Nôm : nháo • Hán-Nôm : nháu • Hán-Nôm : nhảu • Hán-Nôm : nhảo
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撓
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| 撚
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‖ See 𡳞.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Middle-Chinese : nenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lan²
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to pinch; to pick up (with one's fingers) • to take; to hold • to rub (with one's fingers) • to fiddle; to fidget • to play tricks; to toy with; to tease • to trample; to tread • Alternative form of 攆／撵 (niǎn, “to expel; to drive out”) • (music) to press on or lightly pinch in the strings of the pipa to produce a wave-like effect • (Southern Min) to swindle; to defraud ‖ penis (Classifier: 條／条 c; 轆／辘 c) • fucking; freaking; the hell; the fuck • (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait; -er (usually for males) • Negates the meaning of the sentence: fuck all, my ass, like fuck, no fucking way
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to twist
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撚 (eumhun 비틀 년 (biteul nyeon), word-initial (South Korea) 비틀 연 (biteul yeon))
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Hán-Nôm : niệm
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撚
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| 撥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːd) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 發 (OC *pad). ‖ Likely a glottalized variant of 把 (MC paeX, “to hold; to give (dialectal)”) (Dai, 2004).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat • Middle-Chinese : pat ‖
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(transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to dispel; to scatter • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to distribute; to allocate (resources, staff, etc); to set aside (money) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to dial (a phone number) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to push aside or forward with the foot, hand, stick, etc. • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to stir; to pluck • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (figurative) to incite; to excite • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to play a plucked string instrument • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to wave a fan • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · to poke (a fire) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to take out (time, etc.) • (transitive) to turn around; to move in a "waving", scattering way, including: · (Southern Min) to divert; to reallocate; to misappropriate (money, funds, etc.) • (intransitive) to wave; to sweep; to whirl • (intransitive) to ferment (of wine); to brew • (transitive) to delete; to cut • (transitive) to reject; to abandon • (transitive) to govern; to rule; to pacify • plectrum • Classifier for people or things: group; batch ‖ to give • to allow • to; for; by
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‖ 撥(ばち) or 撥(バチ) • (bachi)
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‖ plectrum for instruments such as the biwa and shamisen
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撥 (eumhun 다스릴 발 (daseuril bal)) · 撥 (eumhun 방패 벌 (bangpae beol))
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Hán-Nôm : phết • Hán-Nôm : bát • Hán-Nôm : phiết
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撥
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| 撫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m̥ʰaʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 無 (OC *ma).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : phjuX
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to stroke; to caress • (alt. form 拊) to pat; to strike; to clap • to play; to pluck (an instrument) • to console; to comfort • to hold; to possess; to control • to nurture; to take care of • (Suzhounese, by extension) to wash
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stroke, pat
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撫 • (mu) · 撫 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
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Hán-Nôm : vỗ • Hán-Nôm : dỗ • Hán-Nôm : phủ • Hán-Nôm : vồ
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撫
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| 撻
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‖ table \ Borrowed from English tart. ‖ table \ Borrowed from English start. ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that • Middle-Chinese : that ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³
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to flog • to chastise • brave • (archery) leather grip at the nocking point in a bow string • Alternative form of 鰨／鳎 (tǎ) ‖ (chiefly Cantonese) tart (pastry) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) vulva ‖ (Cantonese) to start (an engine, a vehicle, etc.); to ignite ‖ (Cantonese, slang) to steal ‖ (Cantonese, intransitive) to fall down • (Cantonese, transitive) to slam; to thud • (Cantonese, transitive) to pressure (someone) with one's authority or influence • (Cantonese, transitive) to show off (something) ‖ (Cantonese) to droop • (Cantonese) to lie limply
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撻 • (dal) · 撻 • (dal) (hangeul 달)
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Hán-Nôm : dặt • Hán-Nôm : đặt • Hán-Nôm : thát
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撻
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| 撿
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ramʔ, *kramʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljemX
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^† (alt. form 檢／检) to restrain; to constrain • ^† (alt. form 檢／检) to investigate • to pick up; to collect • to put in order • (dialectal Hakka) to take; to get ‖
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撿 • (geom) · 撿 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
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Hán-Nôm : kiểm
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撿
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| 擄
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From 虜 (OC *raːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX
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to capture; to seize • to plunder; to rob
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擄 • (ro>no) · 擄 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
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Hán-Nôm : lỗ
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擄
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| 擋
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). \ From 當 (OC *taːŋ, “to have the value of; to be equal of; to face; vis-à-vis; to match”) and originally written as 當 (Wang, 1982).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Middle-Chinese : tangH
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to block; to obstruct • to hide from view; to cover; to obscure • (automotive) gear • (Northern Wu) to handle; to keep in place; to hold fast; to hold and shield with hand
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Hán-Nôm : đương • Hán-Nôm : đáng
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擋
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| 擘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːɡ) : phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) + semantic 手 (“hand”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : peeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piak • Middle-Chinese : peak
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(literary) thumb • (literary, figurative) outstanding person • (literary or dialectal) to split; to break; to tear (with one's fingers) • (literary or dialectal) to open; to spread
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擘 • (byeok) · 擘 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek)
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Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : phách
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擘
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| 擠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). ‖ ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Middle-Chinese : tsej • Middle-Chinese : tsejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jik ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh
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to crowd together tightly; to squeeze • to squeeze one's way in; to cram in • to squeeze out; to wring; to use pressure to extract • (Cantonese) to place; to put ‖ (Hokkien) to squeeze out • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to injure the bones, muscles, or joints of one's arms or legs due to violent and sudden contact with a hard object ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𤲍 (xiá)
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擠 (eum 제 (je))
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Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tể • Hán-Nôm : tễ
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擠
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| 擰
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‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàm • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ
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to twist; to wring • to pinch; to tweak ‖ to twist; to screw • (colloquial) wrong; mistaken • (colloquial, of two people) to disagree; to be at odds ‖ (colloquial) stubborn; obstinate; unbending; headstrong ‖ (Cantonese) to turn around
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Hán-Nôm : ninh
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擰
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| 擱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koh
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to place; to put; to lay down • to add • to hold; to contain • to delay • to bear; to stand; to endure
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lay down • put down
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擱 (eum 각 (gak))
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place, put, lay down • delay
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Hán-Nôm : gác • Hán-Nôm : các
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擱
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| 擲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deɡ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 鄭 (OC *deŋs). ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : drjek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn ‖ ‖
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to throw; to hurl; to cast; to fling ‖ (Hokkien) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Teochew) to throw; to hurl ‖ (Hakka) to throw; to hurl (especially something heavy)
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‖ 擲(たたき) • (Tataki)
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abandon, throw away • hit, strike ‖ a surname
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擲 • (cheok) · 擲 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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Hán-Nôm : trịch • Hán-Nôm : trạnh • Hán-Nôm : chệch • Hán-Nôm : sịch • Hán-Nôm : trệch • Hán-Nôm : xệch
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擲
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| 擺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *preːlʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 罷 (OC *breːlʔ, *bral, *bralʔ). ‖ Zhao (1990) and Li (2005) consider this to be a Kra-Dai substrate word; compare Zhuang baez, Bouyei baiz, Lingao fɔi³.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Middle-Chinese : peaX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mái
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to get rid of; to break free from; to push aside • to separate; to divide • to put; to place; to arrange • to put on; to assume (air); to display • (regional) to talk; to speak; to lay bare; to state clearly • to sway; to wave; to swing • pendulum • (neologism, slang) Short for 擺爛／摆烂 (bǎilàn, “to strive instead for shoddiness”). • (dialectal) malaria • (archaic) to scheme; to set up • (archaic) to wrap • Alternative form of 捭 (“to hit; to beat”) • a surname ‖ (Southern Min, Hakka, Malaysian Cantonese) Classifier for occurrences: time
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擺 (eum 파 (pa))
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Hán-Nôm : bẫy • Hán-Nôm : bài • Hán-Nôm : bãi • Hán-Nôm : bay • Hán-Nôm : bãy • Hán-Nôm : bai • Hán-Nôm : báy
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擺
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| 擻
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : suwX
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Hán-Nôm : sú • Hán-Nôm : tẩu • Hán-Nôm : xỏ • Hán-Nôm : xổ • Hán-Nôm : số
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擻
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| 擾
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎ • Middle-Chinese : nyewX
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to disturb; to trouble • (literary) confused; disordered • (polite) to receive money, goods or food; to enjoy hospitality
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to disturb • troubled; turbulent • to become attached to • to make someone attached to
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擾 • (yo) · 擾 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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Hán-Nôm : nhiễu • Hán-Nôm : nhầu
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擾
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| 攆
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Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn
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to expel; to oust • (dialectal Mandarin, Jin) to chase after; to run after • (Teochew) to push with the hands • (Kinmenese Hokkien) to cut
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Hán-Nôm : liễn
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攆
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| 攏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láng • Middle-Chinese : luwngX
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to gather together; to collect • (literary, or in compounds) to approach; to draw near to • to total; to add up; to amount to • to comb; to brush (hair, mane, etc.) • (archaic) to pick; to pluck (strings on an instrument) • (Southern Min, Zhao'an Hakka) all; both • (Sichuanese) to arrive • a surname: Long
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collect • bring together
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攏 • (rong>nong) · 攏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
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press down • stroke • bind • harmonize with • berth, tie up • comb • soothe
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Hán-Nôm : long
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攏
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| 攔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : 手 (“hands”) + 闌.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ânn • Middle-Chinese : lan
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to obstruct; to impede; to bar; to hinder • to face
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攔 • (ran>nan) · 攔 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
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Hán-Nôm : dan • Hán-Nôm : dang • Hán-Nôm : dàn • Hán-Nôm : lan • Hán-Nôm : đan
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攔
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| 攘
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Middle-Chinese : nyang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáng • Middle-Chinese : nyangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄤˋ • Middle-Chinese : nyangH
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to repel; to expel • to steal; to snatch • to invade; to seize by force • (alt. form 纕／𬙋) to pull up the sleeves • (alt. form 禳) to pray or offer sacrifices to avert disaster ‖ to throw into disorder; to disturb ‖ Original form of 讓／让 (ràng, “to yield; to give in”).
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攘 (eum 양 (yang))
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Hán-Nôm : nhương
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to capture, obtain • to give chase, to expel • to eliminate
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攘
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| 攙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm, *sʰraːm) : semantic 手 + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsham • Middle-Chinese : dzream • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaem
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to stab; to insert • sharp • to mix; to blend; to adulterate • to support by the arm • to take by force; to seize
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give helping hand
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攙 (eum 참 (cham))
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to give a helping hand • to support, hold up
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Hán-Nôm : sọm
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攙
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| 攜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeː) : phonetic 巂 () + semantic 扌 (“hand”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hwej
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to carry; to bear • to take along; to take somebody by the hand • to lead by hand • to co-operate; hand in hand • King Xie of the Zhou dynasty
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Original form of 携
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Hán-Nôm : huề
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攜
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| 攣
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luān • Middle-Chinese : ljwen ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun¹
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to spasm and become curled, unable to be stretched ‖ (Cantonese) curved; curly; twisted • (Cantonese) to curve; to bend • (Cantonese, slang) homosexual; not straight
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攣 • (ryeon>yeon) · 攣 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
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Hán-Nôm : loang • Hán-Nôm : luyên
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攣
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| 攤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Middle-Chinese : than ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : nanX • Middle-Chinese : nanH
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to spread something out; to lay out • stand, stall or table where goods are exhibited and sold • to distribute; to share (responsibility) • to cook by flattening and frying a batter or paste • to befall; to encounter (something undesirable) • (Cantonese) to lie down • (Cantonese) to let something cool down • (Southern Min) Classifier for work, business, meals. ‖ to press
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open • broaden • apportion
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攤 • (tan) · 攤 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
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spread out, open • apportion
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Hán-Nôm : nặn • Hán-Nôm : nắn • Hán-Nôm : than • Hán-Nôm : thán
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攤
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| 攪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruk (“rouse; awaken; disturb”). Cognate with 學 (OC *ɡruːɡ, “to learn; to study”), 覺 (OC *kruːɡs, *kruːɡ, “to awaken”), Tibetan དཀྲོག (dkrog, “to agitate; to rouse”), Tibetan འཁྲུག་པ ('khrug pa, “to be disturbed; to quarrel”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiauh • Middle-Chinese : kaewX
|
to disturb; to annoy • to mix; to stir
|
‖
|
to disturb ‖
|
攪 • (gyo) · 攪 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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Hán-Nôm : giao
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|
攪
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| 攫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaɡ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 矍 (OC *kʷaɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwak
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(of animals) to grab using claws • to grab; to snatch; to seize
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|
abduct
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攫 (eum 확 (hwak))
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|
Hán-Nôm : quắc
|
|
攫
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| 攬
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) – to grasp with the hand.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX
|
to grasp, to take hold of • to monopolize; to control • to pick; to gather • to take on; to adopt • (Cantonese, Gan, Min) to hug; to embrace in the arms • (Cantonese) fitting (tube connector)
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|
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攬 • (ram>nam) · 攬 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
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|
Hán-Nôm : lãm
|
|
攬
|
| 敍
|
|
|
|
|
|
敍 • (seo) · 敍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|
敍
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| 敖
|
Originally 𫠤, a pictogram (象形) depicting a person with a headress. 攴 was later added to emphasize action, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 出 (“leave”) + 放 (“release”) ‖ Originally 𫠤, a pictogram (象形) depicting a person with a headress. 攴 was later added to emphasize action, making it a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 出 (“leave”) + 放 (“release”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo
|
(literary) Original form of 遨 (áo, “to ramble; to play about”). • to tease; to joke; to flirt with • to make an uproar • someone who has not assumed the throne, and thus has no posthumous name, due to dying early • four-chi-high dog • Original form of 廒 (áo, “granary”). • Alternative form of 螯 (áo, “pincer; nipper; claw”) • Alternative form of 熬 (“to cook on slow fire; to boil”) • (historical) An ancient place in the northwest of today Xingyang, Henan. • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 傲 (“haughty; arrogant; conceited”)
|
|
play • be proud
|
敖 (eum 오 (o))
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|
Hán-Nôm : ngào
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|
敖
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| 敝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beds, *bed) : phonetic 㡀 () + semantic 攴.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè • Middle-Chinese : bjiejH
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(polite) my; our • (literary) worn-out; shabby; tattered • (literary) decayed; corrupted • tired; fatigued • to fail; to be defeated • to break; to destroy • Alternative form of 弊 (bì, “fault; defect; drawback”) • Alternative form of 蔽 (bì, “to cover; to shield; to deceive”)
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|
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敝 (eum 폐 (pye))
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|
Hán-Nôm : tệ
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|
敝
|
| 数
|
Unorthodox variant of 數, attested since Ming dynasty. Simplified from 數 (婁 → 娄).
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|
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‖ 数(かず) • (kazu) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū) ‖ 数(すう) • (sū-)
|
‖ number; amount ‖ (mathematics) number ‖ several
|
数 (eumhun 셀 수 (sel su))
|
Alternative form of 數 (“hanja form of 수 (“number”)”)
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canonical : 数: Hán Việt readings: số 数: Nôm readings: số • canonical : sổ • canonical : sộ • canonical : sỗ • canonical : xọ
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Alternative form of 數
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数
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| 斂
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·ramʔ, *ɡ·rams) : phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam) + semantic 攴.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : ljemX • Middle-Chinese : ljemH
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to draw back; to fold back • to collect • 35th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "gathering" (𝌨)
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|
tighten, stiffen
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斂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 斂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
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|
Hán-Nôm : kiếm • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : liệm
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斂
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| 斃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beds, *bed) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 死 (“death”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pè • Middle-Chinese : bjiejH
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to fall down; to collapse • to drop dead; to die; to perish; to be killed • (colloquial) to kill with a gun (especially for execution) • to be defeated • (colloquial) to cancel (a show, etc.); to reject
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|
|
斃 • (pye) · 斃 • (pye) (hangeul 폐, revised pye, McCune–Reischauer p'ye, Yale phyey)
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|
Hán-Nôm : tệ • Hán-Nôm : tễ
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|
斃
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| 斐
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‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Middle-Chinese : phj+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ
|
(literary) brilliant; magnificent • Used in transcription. ‖ a surname
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|
brilliant; magnificent
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斐 • (bi) · 斐 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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|
Hán-Nôm : phỉ
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|
斐
|
| 斡
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷaːd) : phonetic 倝 (OC *kaːns) + semantic 斗.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : 'wat
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to revolve; to spin; to rotate • a surname: Wo • (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) to change direction; to turn • (Hokkien) Classifier for bends, curves or turns. • (Hokkien) curved; crooked; bent • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to safeguard; to shield; to back; to stick up for
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|
go around • rule • administer
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斡 (eumhun 돌 알 (dol al))
|
hanja form of 알 (“spin”)
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Hán-Nôm : oát • Hán-Nôm : quản
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|
斡
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| 斫
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Middle-Chinese : tsyak
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(literary) to hack; to chop
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|
|
斫 (eum 작 (jak))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chước • Hán-Nôm : trác
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|
斫
|
| 断
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|
|
|
‖ 断(だん) • (dan)
|
sever, chop off • interrupt • refuse, decline, abstain from ‖ refuse, decline
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|
|
|
|
断
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| 旌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ) : semantic 㫃 + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng
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banner or flag adorned with feathers • to make clear • to recognize; to distinguish • to honor officially; to commend
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|
|
旌 (eum 정 (jeong))
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|
Hán-Nôm : tinh
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|
旌
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| 旎
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nrjeX
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Used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ). • Used in 旎旎.
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|
|
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Hán-Nôm : nể • Hán-Nôm : nỉ
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|
旎
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| 旖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qral, *qralʔ) : semantic 㫃 + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : í • Middle-Chinese : 'je • Middle-Chinese : 'jeX
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Only used in 旖旎 (yǐnǐ).
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|
|
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Hán-Nôm : ỷ
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|
旖
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| 旧
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|
|
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‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?) ‖ 旧(きゅう) • (kyū-) ^(←きう (kiu)?)
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‖ old things, original state, former state, old times • the old calendar based on a lunar system ‖ paleo-, ex-, old, previous, former
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|
|
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旧
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| 昼
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|
|
|
‖ 昼(ひる) • (hiru) ‖ 昼(ちゅう) • (chū) ^(←ちう (tiu)?)
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‖ the daytime • 午: the noon, midday • Short for 昼ご飯 (hiru gohan) or 昼飯 (hirumeshi): lunch • the heyday or peak period of something ‖ day, daytime • noon, midday
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|
|
|
|
昼
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| 晉
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臸 (“to arrive”) + 日 (“sun”) \ The I Ching relates it to 進／进 (jìn)https://ctext.org/book-of-changes/jin, whose etymology is unknown (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìn • Middle-Chinese : tsinH
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to advance; to increase • to promote • (～國) Chinese feudal state of Jin (11th century BCE–376 BCE), a state of the Zhou Dynasty in northern China • (～朝) Chinese Jin dynasty (266–420) • 35th hexagram of the I Ching (䷢) • Alternative name for 山西 (Shānxī, “Shanxi”). • (～語) Jin (a variety of Chinese spoken in and around Shanxi) • a surname
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|
to proceed • Jin dynasty
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晉 (eumhun 나아갈 진 (naagal jin))
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hanja form of 진 (“advance, increase”)
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Hán-Nôm : tấn • Hán-Nôm : tắn • Hán-Nôm : tớn
|
|
晉
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| 晏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːns, *qraːns) : semantic 日 + phonetic 安 (OC *qaːn).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : aan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àn • Middle-Chinese : 'anH • Middle-Chinese : 'aenH
|
late; near the end of a period of time • late in the day • (Cantonese) lunch (Classifier: 餐 c) • sunny and cloudless • peaceful; tranquil; serene • a surname
|
‖ 晏(あん) • (an)
|
late • quiet • sets (sun) ‖ late (of time) • peaceful; tranquil; calm; quiet
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晏 • (an) · 晏 • (an) (hangeul 안, revised an, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
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|
Hán-Nôm : yến
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|
晏
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| 晒
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|
|
|
|
bleach • expose
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|
|
|
|
晒
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| 晤
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : nguH
|
to meet; to see • ^† Alternative form of 悟 (wù)
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|
|
晤 (eum 오 (o))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ngộ • Hán-Nôm : cữ
|
|
晤
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| 晩
|
|
|
|
‖ 晩(ばん) • (ban) ‖ 晩(ばん) • (-ban)
|
evening, night • late ‖ evening • night ‖ nights, evenings
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晩 • (man) · 晩 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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|
canonical : 晩: Hán Việt readings: vãn 晩: Nôm readings: muộn • canonical : vãn
|
chữ Hán form of vãn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of muộn (“late, evening, late afternoon”). • Nôm form of vãn (“about to end, about to close, about to disappear”).
|
晩
|
| 暈
|
Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. ‖ Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more. ‖ Originally a pictogram (象形) – the sun (日) surrounded by lines on all sides – halo. \ Now phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuns) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). \ Same word as 運 (OC *ɢuns, “to revolve; to move”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g • Middle-Chinese : hjunH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Middle-Chinese : hjunH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̄g
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(astronomy) halo (around the Sun or the Moon) • ring of light or colour, or a blurred area surrounding a luminous or coloured object; halo around a light or colour • blush; slight redness • ring-shaped pattern • bull's eye • to spread; to proliferate; to seep through • to apply (colour, especially makeup) ‖ to make one feel dizzy; to feel the head spinning; to have vertigo ‖ dizzy; giddy; lightheaded • to faint; to pass out; to black out; to swoon • (neologism, slang) to be overwhelmed (by something) and on the verge of passing out • (Sichuanese) to savour; to enjoy slowly and thoroughly
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‖ 暈(かさ) • (kasa) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un) ‖ 暈(うん) • (un)
|
blur, haze • mental haze or senility • intentional blurring or gradation ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) ‖ halo (atmospheric phenomenon) • dizzy; giddy
|
暈 (eumhun 무리 훈 (muri hun)) ‖ 暈 (eumhun 어지러울 운 (eojireoul un))
|
‖ hanja form of 운 (“halo”)
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canonical : 暈: Hán Việt readings: vựng • canonical : vận • canonical : quầng 暈: Nôm readings: vầng • canonical : vừng • canonical : quầng • canonical : vựng
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Nôm form of vầng, vừng (“ring; circle”). • Nôm form of quầng (“halo in the sky”).
|
暈
|
| 暉
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰul) : semantic 日 (“Sun”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjw+j
|
sunlight; sunshine
|
|
light, shine
|
暉 (eumhun 빛 휘 (bit hwi))
|
|
canonical : 暉: Hán Việt readings: huy 暉: Nôm readings: hoe • canonical : huy
|
|
暉
|
| 暨
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯds, *kɯds, *krɯd) : phonetic 既 (OC *kɯds) + semantic 旦 (“sunrise”). \ Maybe exopassive of 及 (jí) (Baxter 1992, apud Schuessler 2007). Schuessler considers relation to 迄 (qì, “to reach to”) and 既 (jì, “already”) less likely as the Middle Chinese vowels do not agree. \ Related to 訖／讫 (qì).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kái • Middle-Chinese : gjijH
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^‡ initial appearance of sunrise • (alt. form 臮) (literary) and; cum • (literary) to attain; to reach • a surname
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|
Alternative form of 曁.
|
暨 • (gi) · 暨 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : kị
|
|
暨
|
| 暹
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 (“sun”) + 進 (“to advance”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām • Middle-Chinese : sjem
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(of the sun) to rise • (historical) the Thai kingdom of Ayutthaya; later short for 暹羅／暹罗 (Xiānluó, “Siam”).
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|
|
暹 • (seom) · 暹 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : Xiêm
|
(historical) Siam
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暹
|
| 曠
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːŋs) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuìnn • Middle-Chinese : khwangH
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(obsolete) bright; clear • broad; vast; extensive • free from worries and petty ideas • distant (in time) • loose-fitting • to neglect; to skip (class or work); to waste (time) • a surname
|
|
wide open space, void • worthless
|
曠 • (gwang) · 曠 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
|
extensive, wide, broad • empty
|
Hán-Nôm : khoảng • Hán-Nôm : khoáng • Hán-Nôm : quãng • Hán-Nôm : thoáng
|
|
曠
|
| 曦
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 日 (“sun”) + phonetic 羲 (OC *hŋral).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje
|
(literary) sunshine; dawn sunlight • Alternative form of 羲 (xī)
|
|
the sun
|
曦 • (hui) · 曦 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
|
sunlight • sunshine • early dawn
|
|
|
曦
|
| 曳
|
Possibly related to 抴 (OC *lebs, *led, “to pull”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Compare Zhuang yaez (“inferior”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Middle-Chinese : yejH ‖
|
to drag; to pull • (literary) to float in the wind; to sway • (obsolete) tired; fatigued ‖ (Cantonese) inferior; of poor quality • (Cantonese) naughty; ill-behaved; unruly
|
‖ 曳(えい) • (ei)
|
drag, pull ‖ drag; pull
|
曳 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dấy
|
|
曳
|
| 曷
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Shuowen Jiezi: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːd) : phonetic 匃 () + semantic 曰 \ Cognate with 何 (OC *ɡaːl, “what; where; why; how”). See there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hot⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hat • Middle-Chinese : hat
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why; what; where; how; when
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曷 • (gal) · 曷 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
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Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : hột
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曷
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| 朧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ, *roŋs) : semantic 月 (“moon”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). \ Unlike most other characters with a 月 (yuè)-like component on the left, this character's 月 (yuè) is not the cursive form of 肉; 朦朧／朦胧 (ménglóng) was originally used in reference to the moon.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng
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(of moonlight) hazy; dim
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‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) -na (adnominal 朧(おぼろ)な (oboro na), adverbial 朧(おぼろ)に (oboro ni)) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (oboro) ‖ 朧(おぼろ) • (Oboro)
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hazy, cloudy ‖ hazy, cloudy • uncertain, unreliable ‖ minced meat or seafood • Short for 朧昆布 (oboro-konbu): shredded kelp • Short for 朧豆腐 (oboro-dōfu): • Short for 朧饅頭 (oboro-manjū): steamed bun with the outer covering removed after steaming ‖ a female given name • a surname
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朧 (eumhun 흐릿할 롱 (heurithal rong), word-initial (South Korea) 흐릿할 농 (heurithal nong))
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hanja form of 롱/농 (“Used in 몽롱(朦朧) (mongnong)”)
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Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : lông
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朧
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| 朮
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Pictogram (象形) . It is the original character of 秫. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seot⁶
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Original form of 秫 (shú, “glutinous millet; sorghum”). ‖ Used in compounds such as 白朮／白术 (báizhú), a type of herbal medicine.
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‖ 朮(おけら) or 朮(オケラ) • (okera) ^(←をけら (wokera)?)
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a type of millet • a type of herb ‖ Atractylodes lancea
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朮 (eumhun 삽주 출 (sapju chul))
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Hán-Nôm : thuật • Hán-Nôm : truật
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朮
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| 机
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Middle-Chinese : kjij • Middle-Chinese : kjijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Middle-Chinese : kjij • Middle-Chinese : kjijX
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Alternative form of 几 (“small table; stool”) • alder • a surname ‖ chopping board
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desk, table
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机 • (gwe) · 机 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
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desk
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Hán-Nôm : cơ
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机
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| 杆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːns) : semantic 木 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : kanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuainn
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‖ pole; staff; rod (Classifier: 根 m)
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shield • pole
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杆 • (gan) · 杆 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
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pole • shaft of spear
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杆
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| 杞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : khiX
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Salix integra • wolfberry • a kind of tree • a small feudal state (Qi), founded in Henan during the Shang Dynasty
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杞 • (gi) · 杞 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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Hán-Nôm : khởi • Hán-Nôm : kỷ
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杞
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| 条
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‖ 条(くだり) • (kudari) ‖ 条(じょう) • (jō) ^(←でう (deu)?)
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‖ paragraph ‖ article in a document
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条
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| 来
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‖ 来(らい) • (rai-) ‖ 来(らい) • (-rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (rai) ‖ 来(らい) • (Rai) ‖ 来(く) • (ku) intransitive ^†-ko
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‖ next..., coming... ‖ since..., in... ‖ coming, arriving • coming, approaching, passing • from (some point in the) past to present • coming in time ‖ a surname, especially of those descended from swordsmiths arriving from Goryeo around the mid-Kamakura period ‖ (archaic, obsolete) to come (approach one’s position from a remote location, specifically towards the speaker) • (archaic, obsolete) to go (to a direction or place far from the speaker but near the listener) • (archaic, suffixed to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem form”) of a verb) to gradually begin to [verb]
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来
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| 杳
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 (“tree”) + 日 (“sun”) - dark. Compare 杲 (gǎo, “bright”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Middle-Chinese : 'ewX
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dim; dark; gloomy • indistinct; distant • quiet; secluded • vast; expansive • to disappear
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‖ 杳(よう) • (yō) ^(←えう (eu)?)^†-tari (adnominal 杳(よう)とした (yō to shita) or 杳(よう)たる (yō taru), adverbial 杳(よう)と (yō to) or 杳(よう)として (yō to shite))
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‖ dark and indistinct; unclear
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杳 • (myo, yo) · 杳 • (myo, yo) (hangeul 묘, 요, revised myo, yo, McCune–Reischauer myo, yo, Yale myo, yo)
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Hán-Nôm : diểu • Hán-Nôm : yểu
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杳
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| 杵
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋ̊ʰjaʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 午 (OC *ŋaːʔ, “pestle”) – a wooden pestle. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Middle-Chinese : tsyhoX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thír
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pestle • baton used to beat clothes • (Northeastern Mandarin) to stand (straight like a post) ‖ (Singapore Hokkien and Teochew) Alternative form of 悇
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杵 (eum 저 (jeo))
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Hán-Nôm : ngỏ
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杵
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| 杷
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Middle-Chinese : bae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : baeH • Middle-Chinese : beaH
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a surname ‖ handle (a part of an object which is held in the hand)
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杷 • (pa) · 杷 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
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Hán-Nôm : bà • Hán-Nôm : ba
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杷
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| 枇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *piʔ, *bi, *bis) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : bjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˇ • Middle-Chinese : pjijX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : bjijH
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Only used in 枇杷 (pípá). • (Southern Min) Classifier for clusters. ‖ Alternative form of 匕 (bǐ, “a kind of inplement for eating”) ‖ Alternative form of 篦 (“fine-toothed comb; to comb with a fine-toothed comb”)
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枇 • (bi) · 枇 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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Hán-Nôm : tì
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枇
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| 枢
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Simplified from 樞 (區 → 区).
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door hinge • pivot • center of power
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枢
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| 枸
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Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (句) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koː, *koːʔ, *koʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo). \ ; “bent; crooked”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kió • Middle-Chinese : kuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kio • Middle-Chinese : kuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ
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Only used in 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ) and 枸骨. ‖ Hovenia sp. (probably Hovenia acerba) • Alternative form of 蒟 (jǔ, “betel; Piper betle”) ‖ crooked; bent • intertwined roots ‖
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枸 • (gu) · 枸 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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Hán-Nôm : cẩu • Hán-Nôm : cù • Hán-Nôm : cử
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枸
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| 柚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ) : semantic 木 (“tree; wood”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : yuwH ‖ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuī ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwk
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pomelo ‖ (Yong'an and Sanyuan Central Min) pomelo ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Hua'an Shehua) pomelo ‖ teak ‖ (weaving) reed
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‖ 柚(ゆ) • (yu) ‖ 柚(ゆ) • (Yu) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 柚(ゆう) • (Yū) ‖ 柚(ゆず) or 柚(ユズ) • (yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆず) • (Yuzu) ‖ 柚(ゆい) • (Yui) · 柚(ゆざき) • (Yuzaki) · 柚(ゆずさき) • (Yuzusaki) · 柚(ゆに) • (Yuni)
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citron ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) yuzu (Citrus junos) ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ Alternative spelling of 柚子 (“yuzu”) ‖ a female given name ‖ a female given name • a surname • a surname • a female given name
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柚 • (yu, chuk) · 柚 • (yu, chuk) (hangeul 유, 축, revised yu, chuk, McCune–Reischauer yu, ch'uk, Yale yu, chwuk)
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Hán-Nôm : dâu • Hán-Nôm : dữu
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柚
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| 柩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjuwH
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coffin which contains a corpse
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‖
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‖
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柩 (eumhun 널 구 (neol gu))
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coffin
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Hán-Nôm : cữu
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柩
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| 柯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 可 (OC *kʰaːlʔ). \ Same word as 牁 (OC *kaːl, “mooring post for a boat”) and related to 軻 (OC *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls, “a pair of wheels upon an axle tree”); perhaps related to 幹 (OC *kaːns, “stem, support”) but distinct from 竿 (OC *kaːn, “pole”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Middle-Chinese : ka ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua
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(literary) axe handle • (literary) stalk; branch • a surname • Short for 柯爾克孜／柯尔克孜 (kē'ěrkèzī, “Kyrgyz (the people, language, etc.)”). • Lithocarpus; stone oak ‖ (Hokkien, of fruits, vegetable, etc.) fibrous; stringy; tough; withered • (Teochew) dry; dried up; unmoist • (Hokkien) lost one's youthfulness; old ‖ (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) copper coin • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) yuan (unit of currency)
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柯 • (ga) · 柯 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
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Hán-Nôm : kha
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柯
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| 査
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investigate, inspect
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査 (eumhun 조사할 사 (josahal sa))
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hanja form of 사 (“investigate, inspect”)
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査
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| 栩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaʔ, *ɢʷaʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 羽 (OC *ɢʷaʔ, *ɢʷas). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí • Middle-Chinese : xjuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Middle-Chinese : hjuX
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oak • vivid • a surname ‖ Only used in 栩陽／栩阳.
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Hán-Nôm : hủ
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栩
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| 桀
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In Chu slips, Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrad) : phonetic 匄 (OC *kaːds) + semantic 木. In the modern script, 匄 has corrupted into 舛. \ According to Schussler (2007), 桀 (OC *ɡrad) and 傑 (OC *ɡrad) are the same word meaning "outstanding > hero"; insides Sinitic, it is cognate to 朅 (OC *kʰrad, “martial”); outsides Sinitic, it is related to either Mizo hrât (“valiant, resolute”) or Tibetan གྱད (gyad, “strength; champion, athlete”). \ STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gjat (“hero, champion”) for 傑 (OC) ~ 桀 (OC *ɡrad) and གྱད (gyad). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kia̍t • Middle-Chinese : gjet ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke̍eh ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe̍eh
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chicken roost • Jie of Xia, an ancient emperor • fierce; brutal; cruel • to lift; to raise; to shoulder; to bear • Alternative form of 傑／杰 (jié, “outstanding; hero”) ‖ (Hokkien) to be not in harmony; to be incompatible; to be contrary • (Hokkien) to impede; to obstruct; to hinder • (Mainland China and Philippine Hokkien) to get stuck; to wedge • (Mainland China Hokkien) to contradict (people) • (Xiamen Hokkien) hard to get along with others ‖ (Hokkien) to have estrangement; to be in conflict with each other (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen Hokkien) to hit something • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a crack (of a jar, vat, etc.)
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桀 (eum 걸 (geol))
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Hán-Nôm : kiệt
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桀
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| 桅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krolʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : ngwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ • Middle-Chinese : kjweX
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mast (of a ship) • (suburban Nanjing Mandarin) sail ‖ short spear
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Hán-Nôm : ngôi
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桅
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| 桓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːn) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 亘 ()
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : hwan
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Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) • (obsolete) pillar used as a signpost • mighty; martial; large • Used in 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán). • a surname
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桓 • (hwan) · 桓 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
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Hán-Nôm : hoàn
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桓
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| 桿
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːnʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn
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pole; stick; club; rod • lever; handle • shaft; barrel • Classifier for long, cylindrical objects, such as guns.
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stick
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桿 • (han) · 桿 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
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canonical : 桿: Hán Việt readings: can • canonical : hãn 桿: Nôm readings: cán
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Nôm form of cán (“handle”).
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桿
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| 梃
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁵ • Middle-Chinese : dengX
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a club • a stalk • straight
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bar, pole • lever
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梃 • (jeong) · 梃 • (jeong) (hangeul 정)
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Hán-Nôm : đỉnh
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梃
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| 梓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsɯʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + abbreviated phonetic 宰 (OC *ʔsɯːʔ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : tsiX
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yellow catalpa or Chinese catalpa (Catalpa ovata) • craftsman who produces wooden items • hometown • printing block • a surname
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‖ 梓(あずさ) or 梓(アズサ) • (azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa) or アヅサ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(あずさ) • (Azusa) ^(←あづさ (adusa)?) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi) ‖ 梓(し) • (shi)
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‖ Synonym of 夜糞峰榛 (yoguso minebari): the Japanese cherry birch, Betula grossa • Synonym of 木豇豆, 楸 (kisasage): the yellow or Chinese catalpa, Catalpa ovata • Synonym of 赤芽柏 (akame-gashiwa): the Japanese mallotus, Mallotus japonicus • a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) • Short for 梓弓 (azusa yumi): a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch; a small musical bow used to summon spirits • Short for 梓巫女 (azusa miko): a 巫女 (miko, “unmarried female medium”) who summons spirits by sounding the string of an azusa yumi (short musical bow) • (theater) in noh, the swift, drummed accompaniment to the entrance recitative of a medium ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ a block used for printing (as it was originally made from the wood of the Chinese catalpa) ‖ catalpa • printing block • printing
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梓 • (jae) · 梓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
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Hán-Nôm : tử
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梓
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| 梟
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)u (“owl”), which is also compared to 鴞 (OC *ɦraw, “owl”), 鵂 (OC *qʰu, “owl”), 舊 (OC *ɡʷɯs, “owl”) (STEDT). Compare Japhug pɣɤkhɯ (“owl”) (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiau • Middle-Chinese : kew
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owl • a mythical bird which eats its own parents shortly after hatching • brave, fierce • leader, ringleader • to decapitate and hang the head • (Teochew) indifferent, insensitive, indolent
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‖ 梟(ふくろう) or 梟(ふくろ) • (fukurō or fukuro) ^(←ふくろふ (fukurofu)?)
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‖ an owl
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Hán-Nôm : kiêu
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梟
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| 梵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bloms, *bum) : semantic 林 (“forest”) + phonetic 凡 (OC *bom) – lush. Originally a variant form of 芃 (OC *boːŋ, *bum). \ As a word for transcribing Indic languages, the reading 梵 (MC bjomH) probably derives from Gandhari and transcribes the syllables such as bram̄(a), bra(m)m-, etc. (Bailey, 1946) in words like 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨸 (bram̄a, “Brahma”), 𐨦𐨿𐨪𐨨𐨞 (bramaṇa, “a brahmin”), and it appears in the classical Chinese lexicon in 梵天 (“Brahma, name of a deity”), 梵志 (“a person dedicated to religion”), 梵行 (“good, pure conduct”), etc. The sense for "Sanskrit" originally refers to its status as a religious language. In modern usage, it is also used to translate various terms in Hinduism, such as Brahman.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : bjuwng • Middle-Chinese : bjomH
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lush; luxuriant • (Hinduism) Brahman; the ultimate reality in the universe (concept in Hinduism) • (figurative) quiet; peaceful; undisturbed • of or pertaining to Buddhism; Buddhist • of or pertaining to ancient India or the Sanskrit language; Indian • (Buddhism) to chant sutras; to recite sutras • (Buddhism) sound of sutra chanting • a surname
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‖ 梵(ぼん) • (bon)
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‖ Abbreviation of 梵語.
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梵 • (beom) · 梵 • (beom) (hangeul 범, revised beom, McCune–Reischauer pŏm, Yale pem)
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Hán-Nôm : phạn • Hán-Nôm : phạm
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Brahma • Sanskrit
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梵
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| 棗
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : Duplication of 朿 (“thorn”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
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jujube; Chinese date • a surname
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‖ 棗(なつめ) or 棗(ナツメ) • (natsume) ‖ 棗(なつめ) • (Natsume)
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jujube ‖ the jujube or Chinese date, Ziziphus jujuba • a dye made from dried jujube fruits • a small tea caddy used in the tea ceremony ‖ a female given name • a surname
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棗 • (jo) · 棗 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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Hán-Nôm : táo • Hán-Nôm : táu • Hán-Nôm : tảo
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棗
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| 棣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːds) : semantic 木 (“wood; tree”) + phonetic 隶 (OC *lɯds)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ
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(botany) Kerria japonica • cherry tree • younger brother • a surname ‖ to attain; to reach ‖ Only used in 棣棣 (dàidài).
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(botany) Kerria japonica
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棣 (eumhun 산앵두나무 체 (sanaengdunamu che)) ‖ 棣 (eumhun 익숙할 태 (iksukhal tae))
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hanja form of 체 (“Vaccinium koreanum”) • (literary) hanja form of 체 (“to attain; to reach”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 태 (“courteous appearance”)
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canonical : 棣: Hán Việt readings: đệ • canonical : lệ
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chữ Hán form of đệ (“brother; sibling”). • chữ Hán form of lệ (“Kerria japonica”).
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棣
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| 棧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zreːnʔ, *zraːns, *zrenʔ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàn • Middle-Chinese : dzreanX • Middle-Chinese : dzrjenX • Middle-Chinese : dzraenH
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warehouse • tavern; inn • (computing) stack • (Southern Min) storey; floor; stratum • (Southern Min) Classifier for things arranged in layers, storeys or levels.
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棧 • (jan, jeon) · 棧 • (jan, jeon) (hangeul 잔, 전, revised jan, jeon, McCune–Reischauer chan, chŏn, Yale can, cen)
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Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sến • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sạn • Hán-Nôm : xiễn • Hán-Nôm : trăn • Hán-Nôm : chăn
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棧
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| 棲
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Before the Warring States Period, written as '西'. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *siːl) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 妻 (OC *sʰiːl, *sʰiːls). \ See 西 (OC *s-nˤər) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014) for etymology.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sue • Middle-Chinese : sej
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to perch • to roost • to stay
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(Of humans and other animals) residing (somewhere), living (someplace); inhabiting a nest, den, burrow, etc.
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棲 (eumhun 깃들일 서 (gitdeuril seo))
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hanja form of 서 (“roost”)
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Hán-Nôm : thê
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棲
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| 棹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdeːwɢs) : semantic 木 + phonetic 卓 (OC *rteːwɢ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³
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Alternative form of 櫂 (zhào) ‖ Alternative form of 桌 • Name of a tree.
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‖ 棹(さお) • (sao) ^(←さを (sawo)?)
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‖ neck of a shamisen, etc. • Alternative form of 竿 (“rod, pole”)
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棹 • (do) · 棹 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
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Hán-Nôm : chèo • Hán-Nôm : trạo • Hán-Nôm : chác • Hán-Nôm : dậu • Hán-Nôm : địu
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棹
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| 楓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plum) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : pjuwng
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maple (tree)
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‖ 楓(かえで) • (kaede) ^(←かへで (kafede)?) ‖ 楓(かえで) • (Kaede) ‖ 楓(かいで) • (kaide) ‖ 楓(かつら) • (katsura) ‖ 楓(おかつら) • (okatsura) ^(←をかつら (wokatura)?) ‖ 楓(ふう) or 楓(フウ) • (fū)
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maple • Liquidambar formosana, Chinese sweetgum tree, Formosan sweetgum tree ‖ the maple tree • a color scheme for 襲 (kasane, “layered kimono”, literally “layering”), where both the outer and inner layers are light green • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), featuring a maple-leaf design • (term of endearment) a child's hand (from the resemblance in shape between a hand with splayed fingers and a maple leaf) ‖ a female given name ‖ (uncommon, possibly obsolete) alternative for kaede above: the maple tree ‖ 桂: the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum • 桂: (Chinese mythology) the kind of tree that grows on the moon ‖ (obsolete) the katsura tree, Cercidiphyllum japonicum ‖ the Formosan sweetgum tree, Liquidambar formosana • in certain kanji compounds, the maple tree
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楓 (eumhun 단풍나무 풍 (danpungnamu pung))
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hanja form of 풍 (“maple (tree)”)
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Hán-Nôm : phong
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楓
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| 楔
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Middle-Chinese : keat • Middle-Chinese : set ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³
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wedge; peg • (dialectal) to drive; to wedge (a wedge, nail, etc.) • (Hokkien) to stuff in; to plug in; to fill in • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) wedge; peg; stopper • (Mainland China Hokkien, figurative) to bribe ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𤗈 (sip³)
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‖ 楔(くさび) • (kusabi)
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‖ a wedge (simple machine)
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楔 (eum 설 (seol))
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Hán-Nôm : khế
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楔
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| 楞
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Compound of 四方木 (sìfāng mù). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : long ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Middle-Chinese : long ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gông ‖
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Alternative form of 稜／棱 (léng, “edge; corner”) ‖ Used in transliteration. ‖ Alternative form of 愣 ‖ (Hokkien) dizzy • (Taiwanese Hokkien) to be dumbfounded; to be startled ‖ (Eastern Min) segment of a fruit, seed, or other round plant organ • (Eastern Min) Classifier for fruit or seed segments, flower petals, or portions of other round plant organs. • (Eastern Min) Classifier for slices of a round object such as cake or melon.
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楞 • (reung>neung) · 楞 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
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Hán-Nôm : lăng
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楞
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| 楠
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‖ Borrowed from Thai น่าน (nâan).
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‖
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nanmu tree (Machilus nanmu or Phoebe zhennan) • name of various species of Phoebe and Machilus ‖ (～府) Nan province (of Thailand) • (～市) Nan city • (～河) Nan river
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camphor tree
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楠 • (nam) · 楠 • (nam) (hangeul 남, revised nam, McCune–Reischauer nam, Yale nam)
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Hán-Nôm : nêm • Hán-Nôm : nam
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楠
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| 楨
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Middle-Chinese : trjeng
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hardwood • supports, posts
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hardwood • supports • posts
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楨 • (jeong) · 楨 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
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hardwood • privet • supports • posts
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Hán-Nôm : trính • Hán-Nôm : trinh
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楨
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| 楫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔseb) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsjep
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(literary) oar; paddle • (archaic) to row
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oar
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楫 • (jeup, jeop) · 楫 • (jeup, jeop) (hangeul 즙, 접, revised jeup, jeop, McCune–Reischauer chŭp, chŏp, Yale cup, cep)
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Hán-Nôm : tiếp
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楫
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| 楹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yeng
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column; pillar (especially in front of a hall) • (literary) Classifier for buildings or rooms.
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|
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楹 • (yeong) · 楹 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
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Hán-Nôm : doanh
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楹
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| 楼
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Simplified from 樓 (婁 → 娄)
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|
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building (of two or more stores) • floor, level
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|
|
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楼
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| 榛
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrin) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 秦 (OC *zin).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsrin
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hazel (Corylus heterophylla) • hazelnut • thicket; underbrush • (of vegetation) thick; dense
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‖ 榛(はしばみ) or 榛(ハシバミ) • (hashibami) ‖ 榛(はり) • (hari)
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‖ Asian Hazel, Corylus heterophylla ‖ (archaic) Old name for Japanese alder (Alnus japonica)
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榛 (eum 진 (jin))
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Hán-Nôm : trăn
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榛
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| 榭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡs) : semantic 木 (“wood; wooden structure”) + phonetic 射 (OC *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ); also ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 木 + 射 (“archery”), as it originally referred to an early type of architecture for both the practice and the ceremony of archery: an open-space hall built on raised ground, without internal division into rooms (Wang, 1923; Yang, 1965). In bronze script, the alternative form 𫷺 (i.e. ⿸广射) can be seen.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze⁶ • Middle-Chinese : zjaeH
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(architecture) pavilion (typically on raised ground)
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|
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榭 (eum 사 (sa))
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Hán-Nôm : tạ
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榭
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| 榷
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Middle-Chinese : kaewk
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(obsolete) single-plank bridge; log footbridge • to tax • tax; toll; levy • to monopolize • monopoly • to discuss • Alternative form of 確／确 (què)
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footbridge • toll, levy • monopoly
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榷 • (gyo) · 榷 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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Hán-Nôm : dác • Hán-Nôm : các
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榷
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| 榻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːb) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 𦐇 ()
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taap³ • Middle-Chinese : thap
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cot; couch; bed • (obsolete) to copy
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|
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榻 (eum 탑 (tap))
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Hán-Nôm : chõng • Hán-Nôm : tháp
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榻
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| 槁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou² • Middle-Chinese : khawX
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^† to wither • ^† (of a tree or wood) withered; rotten; dead • ^† dried up tree
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dried up tree • to wither; to rot (of a tree or wood) • to dry
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槁 (eum 고 (go))
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|
Hán-Nôm : cau
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槁
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| 槌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dols, *dul) : semantic 木 + phonetic 追 (OC *tul).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Middle-Chinese : drwij • Middle-Chinese : drjweH
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hammer, mallet • to strike; to beat • (Zhengzhou, Jin) fist
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‖ 槌(つち) • (tsuchi)
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hammer ‖ a hammer • a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) featuring a traditional Japanese hammer design
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槌 • (toe, chu) · 槌 • (toe, chu) (hangeul 퇴, 추, revised toe, chu, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, ch'u, Yale thoy, chwu)
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|
Hán-Nôm : dùi • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ
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槌
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| 槍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ). ‖ ‖ ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshionn • Middle-Chinese : tshjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng
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(historical) spear; lance; pike • gun; firearm; shooter (Classifier: 桿／杆 m; 支 m c; 把 m c) • gun-like object • Classifier for gunshots. • to sit for an examination in place of someone else • (obsolete) to collide • a surname ‖ Only used in 欃槍／欃枪 (chánchēng, “comet”). ‖ ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 銃／铳 (“gun; firearm”)
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‖ 槍(やり) • (yari) ‖ 槍(やり) • (Yari)
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spear, lance • javelin ‖ (weaponry) a spear, lance • (shogi) common name for the 香車 (kyōsha, “lance”) • a javelin (throwing spear used in athletics) • (archaic) jeering ‖ a surname
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槍 (eumhun 창 창 (chang chang))
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hanja form of 창 (“spear”)
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Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : sang
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|
槍
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| 槓
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 貢 (OC *koːŋs). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǹg ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵
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thick rod; thick pole • (gymnastics) bar • stout poles used to carry a coffin • rod-shaped part of a machine • thick line (Classifier: 道 m) • to cross out; to strike out • to whet • to argue; to bicker • (mahjong) kong ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 籠／笼 (“trunk; chest; large box”)
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‖ 槓(カン) • (kan)
|
lever ‖ (mahjong) Short for 槓子 (kantsu): a set of four identical tiles • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 明槓 (minkan, “open kan”), the player calling should have a 暗刻 (ankō, “closed triplet”) in hand and the current discarded tile is the fourth tile • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for a 加槓 (kakan, “added kan”), the player should have an 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) beforehand and the fourth tile must be self-drawn • (mahjong) a call for such a set (compare English kong): · for an 暗槓 (ankan, “closed kan”), the player calling must simply have all four tiles in hand
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槓 • (gong) · 槓 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : cổng
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|
槓
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| 槨
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kwak
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outer coffin
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槨 (eum 곽 (gwak))
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Hán-Nôm : quạch
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槨
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| 槳
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX
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oar; paddle (Classifier: 隻／只 m)
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|
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Hán-Nôm : tưởng • Hán-Nôm : giưởng • Hán-Nôm : giưỡng • Hán-Nôm : rưởng • Hán-Nôm : rưỡng • Hán-Nôm : rảng • Hán-Nôm : rãng • Hán-Nôm : rẳng • Hán-Nôm : rẵng
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槳
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| 樁
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : traewng
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wooden pile; stake • pile (large stake driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building) • Classifier for events, deals, legal cases, etc..
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pole, post, stake • matter
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Hán-Nôm : thung • Hán-Nôm : thủng • Hán-Nôm : thông • Hán-Nôm : thùng • Hán-Nôm : trang
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樁
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| 樊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ban) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 棥 (OC *ban) + semantic 𠬜.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon
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(literary) fence; hedge • (literary) to fence; to surround with a fence • a surname
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樊 • (beon) · 樊 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
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Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phưng • Hán-Nôm : phiền
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樊
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| 樞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjo) : semantic 木 + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhu
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door hinge • pivot • center of power
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pivot • door
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樞 • (chu, u) · 樞 • (chu, u) (hangeul 추, 우)
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door hinge • pivot • center of power
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Hán-Nôm : xu • Hán-Nôm : su • Hán-Nôm : sù • Hán-Nôm : xô • Hán-Nôm : xù • Hán-Nôm : xũ • Hán-Nôm : khu • Hán-Nôm : xó • Hán-Nôm : xụ
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樞
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| 横
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 木 + phonetic 黄 ().
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‖ 横(よこ) • (yoko) ‖ 横(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?)
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sideways, horizontal • next, next to • width ‖ side • width ‖ sideways, horizontal • self-willed; arbitrary; unrestrained and aggressive • sudden; unexpected • brimming
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横 • (hoeng) · 横 • (hoeng) (hangeul 횡, revised hoeng, McCune–Reischauer hoeng, Yale hoyng)
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across
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|
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横
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| 樵
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzjew
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(literary or Hakka, Min) firewood • to chop firewood; to gather firewood • woodcutter
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|
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樵 (eum 초 (cho))
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Hán-Nôm : tiều
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樵
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| 樸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baː, *pʰroːɡ, *poːɡ, *boːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phok • Middle-Chinese : phaewk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pho̍h • Middle-Chinese : puwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : buwk
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simple; plain; rough; unpolished • sincere; honest ‖ (archaic) a kind of oak • (archaic) to stick; to adhere ‖ Only used in 樸𠟼／朴𠟼. ‖ ^‡ dense (of trees)
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unworked wood, bark of a tree • sincere, honest
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樸 • (bok, bak) · 樸 • (bok, bak) (hangeul 복, 박, revised bok, bak, McCune–Reischauer pok, pak, Yale pok, pak)
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Hán-Nôm : phác • Hán-Nôm : bốc
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樸
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| 樺
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *grwa (“birch”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan གྲོ་ག (gro ga, “bark of birch tree”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâ • Middle-Chinese : hwae • Middle-Chinese : hwaeH
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birch
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‖ 樺(かば) or 樺(カバ) • (kaba) ‖ 樺(かんば) or 樺(カンバ) • (kanba) ‖ 樺(かにわ) • (kaniwa) ^(←かには (kanifa)?)
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birch • reddish yellow ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) • Short for 樺色 (kabairo, “reddish yellow”). ‖ a birch (plant of genus Betula) ‖ (obsolete) Japanese bird cherry (Prunus grayana) or its bark • (obsolete) monarch birch (Betula maximowicziana) or its bark
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樺 • (hwa) · 樺 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)
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birch
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Hán-Nôm : hoa
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樺
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| 樽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːn) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn). \ Specialised orthographic form of 尊 (OC *ʔsuːn, “zun, a kind of vessel”) that inherited the noun sense for "vessel", as 尊 became chiefly used for the more abstract senses (Duan Yucai's analysis of the Shuowen).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : tswon
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(archaic) vessel for alcohol; goblet • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Leizhou Min, Zhongshan Min) bottle; vase (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) Classifier for bottles.
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‖ 樽(たる) • (taru) ‖ 樽(そん) • (son)
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‖ barrel ‖ barrel
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樽 (eum 준 (jun))
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|
Hán-Nôm : tôn
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|
樽
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| 橇
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Middle-Chinese : khjew
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‖ 橇(そり) • (sori) · 橇(かんじき) • (kanjiki)
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‖ sleigh • snowshoes
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橇 (eum 취 (chwi))
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|
Hán-Nôm : khiêu
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橇
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| 橢
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thò • Middle-Chinese : thwaX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ
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oval-shaped container • long and narrow; oval-shaped; elliptical ‖ Only used in 科橢／科椭.
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|
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橢 (eum 타 (ta))
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Hán-Nôm : thỏa • Hán-Nôm : thoả • Hán-Nôm : thõa • Hán-Nôm : thoã
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橢
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| 檄
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡleːwɢ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi̍k • Middle-Chinese : hek
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‖ 檄(げき) • (geki)
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‖ written appeal, circular, manifesto
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檄 (eum 격 (gyeok))
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|
Hán-Nôm : hịch
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檄
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| 檔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thn̄g • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g
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shelf for files • frame; crosspiece • document • (Cantonese) stall (small open-fronted shop) ‖ (Quanzhou Hokkien) a form of community fundraising done in Quanzhou
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檔 (eum 당 (dang))
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Hán-Nôm : đang • Hán-Nôm : đướng • Hán-Nôm : đượng • Hán-Nôm : đưỡng • Hán-Nôm : đạng • Hán-Nôm : đóng
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檔
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| 檜
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH • Middle-Chinese : kwat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Middle-Chinese : kwajH
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Chinese juniper ‖ Used in personal names.
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‖ 檜(ひのき) or 檜(ヒノキ) • (hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひのき) • (Hinoki) ‖ 檜(ひ) • (hi)
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‖ Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ (archaic, or in compounds) Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
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檜 • (hoe, gwal) · 檜 • (hoe, gwal) (hangeul 회, 괄, revised hoe, gwal, McCune–Reischauer hoe, kwal, Yale hoy, kwal)
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Hán-Nôm : cối
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檜
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| 檳
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin) : semantic 木 + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pun • Middle-Chinese : pjin
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Used in compounds. • (Malaysia, Singapore) Short for 檳城／槟城 (Bīnchéng, “Penang, Malaysia”).
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betel nut; betel palm tree
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檳 • (bin) · 檳 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
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Hán-Nôm : tân
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檳
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| 檸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnaːŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 寧 (OC *neːŋ). ‖ Contracted form of 吶亨／呐亨.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Middle-Chinese : nraengX ‖
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Only used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng); also used as its short form. ‖ (Suzhounese) how
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檸 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 녕 (remon ( lemon ) nyeong), word-initial (South Korea) 레몬 (lemon) 영 (remon ( lemon ) yeong))
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hanja form of 녕 (“lemon”)
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Hán-Nôm : nịnh
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檸
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| 檻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms) : semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms) : semantic 木 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms). \ Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kram (“fence, garden”). Cognate with Burmese ခြံ (hkram, “fence; garden; to surround”). Also compare Tibetan ཁྲམ (khram, “notched wood”) (> ཁྲམ་ཁ (khram kha, “cut, notch [in wood]”), ཁྲམ་ཤིང (khram shing, “tallystick”)).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁵ • Middle-Chinese : haemX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˇㄦ
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fence • cage (for animal or prisoner) • railing; balustrade • (alt. form 轞／𰺗) prisoner transport cart • Alternative form of 艦／舰 (jiàn, “warship”) ‖ doorsill
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‖ 檻(おり) • (ori) ^(←をり (wori)?)
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‖ cage; cell
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檻 (eum 함 (ham))
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Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : hạm • Hán-Nôm : hậm • Hán-Nôm : tràm • Hán-Nôm : cạm
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檻
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| 櫂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r'eːwɢs) : semantic 木 + phonetic 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ). \ Earliest extant attestations are in Chu Ci. \ Possibly from Austroasiatic. Compare Proto-Vietic *tʃ-r-ɛːw (whence Vietnamese chèo), an *-r- (instrumental derivative) infixed form of Vietnamese *tʃɛːw, whence Modern Vietnamese xeo (“to lift up with a crowbar; to propel (a boat) with a long pole”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : draewH
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(literary) oar • (literary) to row • (literary) boat
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‖ 櫂(かい) • (kai) ^(←かひ (kafi)?) ‖ 櫂(かじ) • (kaji) ^(←かぢ (kadi)?)
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‖ oar, paddle ‖ Alternative form of 舵 (“rudder”)
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櫂 (eum 도 (do))
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|
Hán-Nôm : trạc • Hán-Nôm : trạo
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櫂
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| 櫃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruds) : semantic 木 (“wooden”) + phonetic 匱 (OC *ɡruds, “box”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuī • Middle-Chinese : gwijH
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cabinet; cupboard • wardrobe • counter • (Hong Kong, Taiwan) Short for 貨櫃／货柜 (huòguì, “shipping container”).
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‖ 櫃(ひつ) • (hitsu)
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‖ chest (container) • 御櫃: a round container for cooked rice
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櫃 • (gwe) · 櫃 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
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Hán-Nôm : cũi • Hán-Nôm : quĩ • Hán-Nôm : quầy • Hán-Nôm : quỹ
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櫃
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| 櫓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 魯 (OC *raːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX
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scull • large shield
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‖ 櫓(やぐら) • (yagura)
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‖ watchtower, turret
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櫓 (eumhun 방패 로 (bangpae ro), word-initial (South Korea) 방패 노 (bangpae no))
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hanja form of 로 (“(North Korea) oar”) • hanja form of 노 (“(South Korea) oar”)
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Hán-Nôm : lỗ
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櫓
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| 櫚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ljo
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Used in 棕櫚／棕榈 (zōnglǘ) and 栟櫚／栟榈 (bīnglǘ). • Used in 花櫚／花榈.
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櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 櫚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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Hán-Nôm : lư
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櫚
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| 櫛
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriɡ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 節 (OC *ʔsiːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : tsrit
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comb • to comb out • to weed out; to eliminate
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‖ 櫛(くし) • (kushi)
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‖ comb
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櫛 (eum 즐 (jeul))
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|
Hán-Nôm : trất
|
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櫛
|
| 櫝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Compare Khmer ទូ (tuu), Lao ຕູ້ (tū), Thai ตู้ (dtûu), Vietnamese tủ.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwk
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box; case; casket • cabinet; wardrobe • closet
|
|
cabinet, wardrobe, closet • chest • coffer
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櫝 (eum 독 (dok))
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box • coffin
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Hán-Nôm : độc
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櫝
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| 櫥
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From 廚 (OC *do).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû
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cabinet; wardrobe; cupboard
|
|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : trù
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櫥
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| 櫻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
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cherry (Classifier: 棵 m; 樖 c; 叢／丛 mn)
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‖ 櫻(さくら) • (Sakura)
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Kyūjitai form of 桜 ‖ a female given name • a surname
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櫻 • (aeng) · 櫻 • (aeng) (hangeul 앵, revised aeng, McCune–Reischauer aeng, Yale ayng)
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Hán-Nôm : anh
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櫻
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| 欖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ). \ See 橄欖／橄榄 (gǎnlǎn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam² • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ná • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lamX
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(in compounds or dialectal) olive
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|
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欖 • (ram>nam) · 欖 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
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|
Hán-Nôm : lãm
|
|
欖
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| 欧
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|
|
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‖ 欧(おう) • (ō) ‖ 欧(おう) • (Ō)
|
Europe ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”). ‖ Short for ヨーロッパ／欧羅巴 (Yōroppa, “Europe (a continent)”).
|
|
|
|
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欧
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| 欽
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim • Middle-Chinese : khim
|
to respect; to admire; to venerate • respectful • by the emperor personally • (obsolete) bent; twisted • a surname
|
|
|
欽 • (heum) · 欽 • (heum) (hangeul 흠, revised heum, McCune–Reischauer hŭm, Yale hum)
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Hán-Nôm : khâm • Hán-Nôm : khom
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|
欽
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| 歎
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan³ • Middle-Chinese : thanH
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Alternative form of 嘆 (tàn, “to sigh; to chant; to praise”) • one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty • a surname.
|
‖
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‖
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歎 (eumhun 탄식할 탄 (tansikhal tan))
|
hanja form of 탄 (“sigh”)
|
canonical : 歎: Hán Việt readings: thán 歎: Nôm readings: than • canonical : thăn
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|
歎
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| 歐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː, *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 欠 (“to yawn; to exhale”) – to vomit (original form of 嘔).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
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Short for 歐羅巴／欧罗巴 (Ōuluóbā, “Europe”). • Short for 歐盟／欧盟 (Ōuméng, “European Union”). • Short for 歐元／欧元 (ōuyuán, “euro”). • Short for 歐姆／欧姆 (ōumǔ, “ohm”). • Alternative form of 謳／讴 (ōu, “to sing”) • Alternative form of 毆／殴 (ōu, “to beat; to strike”) • a surname
|
|
Europe
|
歐 (eumhun 구라파 구 (gurapa gu))
|
hanja form of 구 (“Europe”)
|
Hán-Nôm : âu
|
|
歐
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| 歟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *la, *laʔ, *las) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 欠. \ ; question particle
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Middle-Chinese : yo • Middle-Chinese : yoX • Middle-Chinese : yoH
|
Sentence-final particle used to express an exclamatory, doubtful or questioning tone
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‖
|
‖
|
歟 (eum 여 (yeo))
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|
Hán-Nôm : ru
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|
歟
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| 歿
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯːd) : semantic 歹 (“death”) + abbreviated phonetic 沒 (OC *mɯːd)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwot
|
(literary) to die • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to sink • Alternative form of 沒／没 · to have no
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‖ 歿(ぼつ) • (-botsu)
|
to die ‖ died in
|
歿 • (mol) · 歿 • (mol) (hangeul 몰, revised mol, McCune–Reischauer mol, Yale mol)
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|
|
|
歿
|
| 残
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|
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|
‖ 残(ざん) • (zan) ‖ 残(ざん) • (zan)
|
‖ the remainder; leftover; residue ‖ remain, remaining • damage, damaged, defective • cruel
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|
|
|
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残
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| 殤
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Middle-Chinese : syang
|
(literary) to die young; to die whilst a child • (literary) a person who has died young • (literary) mourning for such a death • (literary) to die in battle • (literary) a person who has died in battle
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|
|
殤 (eum 상 (sang))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thương
|
|
殤
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| 殮
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljemH
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to put a dead body into a coffin
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|
to encoffin
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殮 • (ryeom>yeom) · 殮 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : liệm • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : lịm
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|
殮
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| 殯
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pins) : semantic 歹 + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjinH
|
to lay a coffin in a memorial hall; to encoffin a corpse • to carry the body to the bury place or crematorium; to carry to burial • prepared, but not buried corpse
|
|
(Shinto) A funerary practice of enshrining the deceased in a casket at a special location during a period of mourning before a formal burial, specifically for royalty or nobility
|
殯 (eum 빈 (bin))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tấn
|
|
殯
|
| 殲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsem) : semantic 歹 + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsjem
|
to annihilate; to wipe out; to kill off; to destroy
|
|
annihilate, eradicate, wipe out
|
殲 (eumhun 다죽일 섬 (dajugil seom))
|
hanja form of 섬 (“annihilation”)
|
canonical : 殲: Hán Việt readings: tiêm 殲: Nôm readings: tiêm
|
|
殲
|
| 殴
|
|
|
|
|
to hit
|
|
|
|
|
殴
|
| 殼
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰroːɡ) : semantic 几 + phonetic 𣪊 (). Originally written as 㱿 (què), see there for more.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : khaewk
|
shell; husk; hull; skin; casing • (Cantonese) ladle
|
|
husk; shell
|
殼 (eumhun 껍질 각 (kkeopjil gak))
|
hanja form of 각 (“shell; husk; hull; skin; casing”)
|
Hán-Nôm : xác • Hán-Nôm : nôi
|
|
殼
|
| 毁
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
毁
|
| 毆
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 殳 (“action”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːʔ) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 殳 (“action”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : au² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Middle-Chinese : 'uwX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : au³
|
to beat; to fight with fists; to hit; to strike; to brawl • a surname ‖ (Cantonese) to beat; to hit
|
|
|
毆 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ẩu
|
|
毆
|
| 毋
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (母) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ In the oracle bone script, 母 (“mother”) was borrowed to represent this character. It was later specialized to distinguish it from “mother”, replacing the two dots with one stroke. \ Cognate with 無 (OC *ma, “to not have”). Already in Zhou time, phonetically confused with and read like 無 (OC *ma). \ Cognate with 唔 in Cantonese, Teochew and Hakka.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̄ • Middle-Chinese : mju
|
(literary) do not, don't • (literary or Hakka, Hokkien) not • (literary) Alternative form of 無／无 (“to not have”) • a surname
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|
do not, must not, be not • "mother" radical
|
毋 • (mu) · 毋 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
do not • not • surname • rad. 80
|
canonical : 毋: Hán Việt readings: vô
|
chữ Hán form of vô (“don't, no need”).
|
毋
|
| 毓
|
Pictogram (象形) : 每 + 㐬 – a woman giving birth. A woman 每 squatting on left, with child head down on right 㐬. The top part of 㐬 is 子 inverted, an abstracted body with a head at the bottom; compare 充. The lines (川) below head are amniotic fluid coming out. \ A later alternative form is 育. \ Alternately considered a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *luɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 每 (“woman”) + phonetic 𠫓 (, “child”) + semantic 川 (“amniotic fluid”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Middle-Chinese : yuwk
|
(formal) to give birth; to procreate; to foster; to rear; to bring up • a surname
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|
kyūjitai form of 育
|
毓 (eum 육 (yuk))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dục
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|
毓
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| 毗
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bi) : semantic 囟 + phonetic 比 (OC *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pí • Middle-Chinese : bjij
|
|
|
help • assist • connect • adjoin
|
毗 (eum 비 (bi))
|
help, assist • connect, adjoin
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Hán-Nôm : tì
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|
毗
|
| 毽
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 毛 (“feather”) + phonetic 建. ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiàn ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jin³⁻²
|
shuttlecock used in jianzi sport ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燕 (jin³⁻², “shuttlecock used in jianzi sport”)
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : kiện
|
|
毽
|
| 氐
|
Pictogram (象形) : 氏 (“(bowing figure)”) + 一 – as with 氏, but with an empty circle (then a line, today either a line or a point) underneath: a bowing figure standing on the ground or depicted while lifting something from the ground. ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : te • Middle-Chinese : tej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Middle-Chinese : trij
|
Di (ethnic group) • (～宿) (Chinese astronomy) Root (one of Twenty-Eight Mansions) • Original form of 低 (dī, “to lower; to bow”). • Original form of 低 (dī, “cheap; inexpensive”). ‖ (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “root of a tree”). • (literary) Original form of 柢 (dǐ, “basis; fundamental”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to reach; to arrive”). • (literary) Original form of 抵 (dǐ, “to match; to be equal to”). ‖ Only used in 氐池 (“an ancient county”).
|
‖ 氐(てい) • (Tei)
|
Di (ancient ethnic group in western China) ‖ (Chinese astronomy) Root, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions • (historical) Di: an ancient ethnic group in western China
|
氐 (eum 저 (jeo))
|
foundation; basis; origin
|
Hán-Nôm : đê
|
|
氐
|
| 氖
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 乃.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nái
|
(chemistry) neon
|
|
|
氖 • (nae) · 氖 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay)
|
|
|
|
氖
|
| 氟
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 弗. \ From earlier 弗氣／弗气, 弗素, which is probably an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 弗素, where 弗(ふつ) (futsu) was used phonetically.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu̍t
|
(chemistry) fluorine
|
|
fluorine
|
氟 • (bul) · 氟 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul, Yale pul)
|
|
|
|
氟
|
| 氤
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jin
|
(literary) misty and heavy atmosphere • Only used in 氤氳／氤氲 (yīnyūn).
|
|
|
氤 (eum 인 (in))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nhân
|
|
氤
|
| 氦
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 气 (“gas”) + phonetic 亥 (hài). \ Borrowed from New Latin helium.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi
|
(chemistry) helium
|
|
helium, He
|
氦 • (hae) · 氦 • (hae) (hangeul 해)
|
helium
|
|
|
氦
|
| 氫
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 气 (“air; gas”) + abbreviated phonetic 輕 (qīng, “light; of low density”). \ From 輕／轻 (qīng, “light; of low density”) in 輕氣／轻气 [19th c.]. So named as hydrogen gas is lighter than air.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khin
|
(chemistry) hydrogen • hydrogen gas
|
|
|
氫 • (gyeong) · 氫 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : khinh
|
|
氫
|
| 氷
|
|
|
|
‖ 氷(こおり) • (kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(こおり) • (Kōri) ^(←こほり (kofori)?) ‖ 氷(ひ) • (hi) ‖ 氷(ひょう) • (hyō)
|
‖ ice (frozen water) • a cold and sharp object, as a shard of ice • Short for 氷水 (kōrimizu): ice water; water filled with ice • Short for 氷襲 (kōrigasane): layered clothing with the front shining white and plain white at the back ‖ a female given name • a surname ‖ ice (frozen water) • hail (precipitated ice) ‖ ice • freeze, congeal • icy, cold
|
氷 (eumhun 얼음 빙 (eoreum bing))
|
hanja form of 빙 (“ice”)
|
Hán-Nôm : băng
|
|
氷
|
| 汀
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs) : semantic 水 (“river”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Middle-Chinese : theng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : thengH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ
|
islet; shore, sandbar, shoal, sandbank ‖ Only used in 汀瀅. ‖ Only used in 汀濘.
|
‖
|
beach, shore, water's edge ‖
|
汀 (eumhun 물가 정 (mulga jeong))
|
hanja form of 정 (“shore”)
|
Hán-Nôm : đênh • Hán-Nôm : đinh • Hán-Nôm : thinh
|
|
汀
|
| 汐
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljaːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ). \ From 夕 (OC *ljaːɡ, “evening”). Compare 潮 (OC *r'ew, “morning tide; tide”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjek
|
evening tide; night tides; ebb
|
|
eventide • tide • salt water • opportunity
|
汐 (eumhun 조수 석 (josu seok))
|
hanja form of 석 (“night tides”)
|
Hán-Nôm : tách • Hán-Nôm : tịch
|
|
汐
|
| 汕
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːnʔ, *sraːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suànn • Middle-Chinese : sreanX • Middle-Chinese : sraenH
|
(of fish) moving • basket for catching fish • to catch fish • to rinse • Short for 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).
|
|
|
汕 • (san) · 汕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : sươn • Hán-Nôm : sán • Hán-Nôm : sớn
|
|
汕
|
| 汚
|
|
|
|
‖ 汚(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?)
|
dirty • pollute • disgrace • rape • defile ‖ dirty
|
汚 (eumhun 더러울 오 (deoreoul o))
|
hanja form of 오 (“dirty”)
|
Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : ố
|
|
汚
|
| 污
|
|
|
|
|
|
污 • (o) · 污 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ô • Hán-Nôm : ố
|
|
污
|
| 汲
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯb) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 及 (OC *ɡrɯb).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khip • Middle-Chinese : kip
|
to draw water from a well • Used in 汲取 (jíqǔ, “to draw (from a lesson, experience, etc.)”). • (obsolete) to guide; to assist • (obsolete) to nominate; to recommend a person • Used in 汲汲 (jíjí). • a surname
|
|
(of water) to draw; to scoop; to ladle; to pump • (of feelings) to understand; to consider
|
汲 • (geup) · 汲 • (geup) (hangeul 급, revised geup, McCune–Reischauer kŭp, Yale kup)
|
to draw water from a well
|
canonical : 汲: Hán Việt readings: cấp 汲: Nôm readings: ngập • canonical : bập • canonical : gập
|
|
汲
|
| 汾
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 分 (OC *pɯn, *bɯns).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : bjun
|
(～河) river in Shanxi province
|
|
|
汾 • (bun) · 汾 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : phần
|
|
汾
|
| 沅
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon). ‖ Simplified from 源 (原 → 元).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guân • Middle-Chinese : ngjwon ‖
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(～江) Yuan River in Hunan province • (～州) name of prefecture during the reign of Wu Zetian ‖
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沅
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| 沉
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Variant of 沈, see there for more. \ MSEA areal etymon: similar words exist in Austroasiatic, Kra-Dai, & Tibeto-Burman; yet those are difficult to match with potential OC relations (Schuessler, 2007). \ Possible allofams are 淫 (OC *lɯm), 瀋 (OC *l̥ʰjɯmʔ), 函 (OC *ɡuːm, *ɡruːm), & 湛 (OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) (ibid.).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : têm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiām • Middle-Chinese : drim
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to sink; to submerge (into water) • to fall; to sink; to subside • to settle; to make sink • to suppress; to stifle; to neglect • to be neglected • to indulge in; to be given to • to hide; to be hidden • heavy; weighty • dark; gloomy • deep; profound • long (duration); prolonged; lengthy • deeply; profoundly • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 浸 (zam6, “to drown”)
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沉 • (chim, sim) · 沉 • (chim, sim) (hangeul 침, 심, revised chim, sim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, sim, Yale chim, sim)
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Hán-Nôm : tròm • Hán-Nôm : chằm • Hán-Nôm : chìm • Hán-Nôm : đắm • Hán-Nôm : đẫm • Hán-Nôm : ngằm • Hán-Nôm : ngầm • Hán-Nôm : trằm • Hán-Nôm : trầm • Hán-Nôm : đẵm
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沉
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| 沌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *donʔ, *duːn, *duːnʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 屯 (OC *duːn, *tun).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn • Middle-Chinese : dwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Middle-Chinese : drjwenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Middle-Chinese : dwon
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benighted; ignorant • disorderly; chaotic ‖ (～河) Zhuan River (a river in Hubei) • Used in 沌口 (“name of an ancient county”). ‖ (of waves) billowing
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primeval chaos
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沌 (eumhun 엉길 돈 (eonggil don))
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hanja form of 돈 (“disorderly; chaotic”)
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Hán-Nôm : xộn
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沌
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| 没
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‖ 没(ぼつ) or 没(ボツ) • (botsu) ^(←ぼつ (botu)?)
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to sink, to be drowned • to hide • to die (synonym of 歿) ‖ rejected, unused
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canonical : 没: Hán Việt readings: một 没: Nôm readings: mốt • canonical : một ‖ romanization : một ‖ romanization : mốt
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‖ Nôm form of một (“one”). ‖ Nôm form of mốt (“(only in compounds or fixed expressions) one; -one”).
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没
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| 沱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl, *l'aːlʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl) ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : daX
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(dialectal) small bay in a river (also used in place names) • (～江) Tuojiang; Tuo River • tearful; wailing • rainy ‖ Used in compounds.
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沱 • (ta) · 沱 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
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canonical : 沱: Hán Việt readings: đà 沱: Nôm readings: đà • canonical : đờ • canonical : đừ
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chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Black/Da River, a river in Vietnam”). • chữ Hán form of Đà (“the Tuo River in Sichuan or the river of the same name in Hunan”).
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沱
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| 泅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lju) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 囚 (OC *lju). \ Possibly a dialectal variant of 游 (OC *lu, “to swim”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Middle-Chinese : zjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡ
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to swim; to float; to wade ‖ Alternative form of 攸 (yōu, “(of water) flowing”)
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泅 (eum 쉬 (swi))
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Hán-Nôm : tù
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泅
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| 泓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷrɯːŋ) : 水 (“water”) + phonetic 弘 (OC *ɡʷɯːŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'weang
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(of water) deep • Classifier for bodies of clear water.
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泓 (eum 홍 (hong))
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Hán-Nôm : hoằng
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泓
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| 泗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljids) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 四 (OC *hljids).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sei³ • Middle-Chinese : sijH
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(literary) nasal mucus • sniffle • Si River (a river in Shandong, China)
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泗 (eum 사 (sa))
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Hán-Nôm : tứa
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泗
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| 泱
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iang • Middle-Chinese : 'jang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'angX
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(literary) vast; broad; deep; great; boundless • (literary, of clouds or water) rising; surging; rushing; momentous ‖ Used in compounds.
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泱 (eum 앙 (ang))
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Hán-Nôm : ương
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泱
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| 洱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯʔ, *njɯs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耳 (OC *njɯʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nyiX • Middle-Chinese : nyiH
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Hán-Nôm : nhĩ
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洱
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| 洶
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Middle-Chinese : xjowng • Middle-Chinese : xjowngX
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(of waves) turbulent; tempestuous • roaring; uproarious
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洶 (eum 흉 (hyung))
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Hán-Nôm : húng
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洶
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| 浅
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Simplified from 淺 (戔 → 戋)
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shallow • superficial • frivolous • wretched • shameful
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浅
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| 浚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sluns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH
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(alt. form 濬) to dredge; to deepen; dig deep (a waterway, well, etc.) • to dredge; to unearth • to extract; to exploit • (alt. form 濬) deep; profound ‖ Used in place names.
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浚 • (jun) · 浚 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
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Hán-Nôm : tuấn
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浚
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| 浬
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi² lei⁵ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ
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(dated) nautical mile ‖ Only used in 泥浬.
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‖ 浬(り) • (ri)
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nautical mile (unit of distance) • knot (unit of speed) ‖ a nautical mile: the length of roughly one minute of latitude, 1,852 meters
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浬 • (ri>i) · 浬 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
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Hán-Nôm : rí • Hán-Nôm : lí
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浬
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| 涇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeŋʔ, *keːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khēng • Middle-Chinese : keng • Middle-Chinese : gjiengX
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the Jing River (China)
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涇 (eum 경 (gyeong))
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Hán-Nôm : kinh • Hán-Nôm : kênh • Hán-Nôm : kính
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涇
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| 涌
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung¹
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(Cantonese) small river (often in place names)
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Alternative form of 湧
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涌 • (yong) · 涌 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
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Hán-Nôm : dũng • Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : dòng
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涌
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| 涎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljan, *lans) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Chug har (“phlegm”), Lish hahal (“phlegm”), Rupa Sherdukpen nəkʰɔ̃ː (“phlegm”), Japhug tɯɴɢar (“sputum”) (Bodt, 2021). Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *(s-)lan, compares it to Tibetan ཟླན (zlan, “moisture”). \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates it to Thai น้ำลาย (náam-laai), which is derived from Proto-Tai *laːjᴬ (“saliva”). \ Possibly related to 羨 (OC *ljans, “to envy”) (Wang, 1982; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : zjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : yenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ
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saliva ‖ Only used in 湎涎. ‖ Only used in 涎涎.
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‖ 涎(よだり) • (yodari) ‖ 涎(よだれ) • (yodare)
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drool, slobber, saliva ‖ (archaic) snot: nasal mucus hanging or oozing out from the nose • (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth ‖ (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth
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涎 (eum 연 (yeon))
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Hán-Nôm : diên • Hán-Nôm : nhiện
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涎
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| 涓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwen
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(literary) brook; stream • (literary) tiny; negligible • (literary) to choose; to select • (literary) to clean; to clear
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涓 • (yeon) · 涓 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
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Hán-Nôm : quen • Hán-Nôm : quên • Hán-Nôm : quyên
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涓
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| 涸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 固 (OC *kaːs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khok • Middle-Chinese : hak
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(of bodies of water) dry • (of bodies of water) to dry up
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涸 (eum 후 (hu)) · 涸 (eum 학 (hak))
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Hán-Nôm : hạt
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涸
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| 淄
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu
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Zi River, a river in Shandong province
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淄 (eum 치 (chi))
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Hán-Nôm : chuy • Hán-Nôm : truy
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淄
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| 淅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 析 (OC *seːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sek
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(formal) to wash rice • a surname
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淅 (eum 석 (seok))
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Hán-Nôm : tích
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淅
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| 淇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gi
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(～水) The name of a river that originates in Henan. • (～河, ～水) The name of a branch of the Hai River. • (～河) The name of a branch of the Han River. • (～縣) Qi County, Hebi, Henan Province
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淇 • (gi) · 淇 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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Hán-Nôm : kì
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淇
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| 淒
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshej ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshe̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshē
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chilly; cold; frigid • (alt. form 悽) miserable; sorrowful; sad ‖ (Hokkien) to go downhill; to decline; to be on the wane • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to suspend
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淒 • (cheo) · 淒 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
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Hán-Nôm : thê
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淒
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| 淙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːŋ, *sruːŋs, *zuːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thong • Middle-Chinese : dzowng • Middle-Chinese : dzraewng • Middle-Chinese : sraewngH
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gurgling sound of water
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淙 (eum 종 (jong))
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Hán-Nôm : tong • Hán-Nôm : tông
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淙
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| 淞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloŋ, *sɢloŋ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Middle-Chinese : zjowng • Middle-Chinese : sjowng
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淞 • (song) · 淞 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)
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淞
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| 淪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *run) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lûn • Middle-Chinese : lwin
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ripple; small waves • to sink; to become submerged; to be engulfed • to sink (into ruin); to decline; to fall • to be lost; to disappear; to become nothing
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ripples • sink
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淪 • (ryun>yun, non) · 淪 • (ryun>yun, non) (hangeul 륜>윤, 논, revised ryun>yun, non, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, non, Yale lyun>yun, non)
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Hán-Nôm : lún
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淪
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| 淵
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Originally 𣶒 in oracle bone script; Pictogram (象形) of a basin with water. Bronze inscriptions added vertical strokes resembling riverbanks around the character, and the semantic component 氵.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'wen
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abyss; deep water • deep; profound • a surname
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abyss • edge • deep pool
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淵 (eumhun 못 연 (mot yeon))
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hanja form of 연 (“abyss”)
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Hán-Nôm : uyên
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淵
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| 渙
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : xwajH • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
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to dissipate; to dissolve • (literary) to issue imperial edicts • (literary) overflowing; brimming • 59th hexagram of the I Ching
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scatter
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渙 (eum 환 (hwan))
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scatter • scattered, dispersed
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Hán-Nôm : hoán
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渙
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| 渚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : tsyoX
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islet; small landmass in water • waterside; beach
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‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (nagisa) ‖ 渚(なぎさ) • (Nagisa) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?) ‖ 渚(みぎわ) • (Migiwa) ^(←みぎは (migifa)?)
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strand, beach, shore ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a place name • a surname • a male or female given name ‖ the water's edge: · beach • the water's edge: · shore • the water's edge: · bank (as of a river or stream) ‖ a female given name
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渚 (eumhun 물가 저 (mulga jeo))
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hanja form of 저 (“shore”)
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Hán-Nôm : chã
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渚
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| 渥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak
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(literary) to moisten; to soak • (literary) deep; rich; strong; thick • (archaic) glossy; dyed • (literary) to enrich ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 沃
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moisten, make moist • kind, cordial • glossy
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渥 (eum 악 (ak))
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Hán-Nôm : ốc
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渥
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| 渭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢuds) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胃 (OC *ɢuds)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uī • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jH
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(～河) the Wei River
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渭 • (wi) · 渭 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
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Hán-Nôm : vây • Hán-Nôm : vấy • Hán-Nôm : vị • Hán-Nôm : vơi • Hán-Nôm : vời
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渭
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| 渾
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Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hûn • Middle-Chinese : hwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan²
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(obsolete) sound of spouting water • muddy; turbid • foolish; stupid • simple and natural; unsophisticated • whole; complete • (literary) totally • (literary) still • name of several rivers • Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún). • a surname ‖ large • to mix; to muddle • simple; plain • pure • Short for 渾天／浑天. • Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí). ‖ Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”). • to fall
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all • turbidity
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渾 • (hon) · 渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)
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muddy, turbid • blend, merge, mix
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Hán-Nôm : hồn • Hán-Nôm : hỗn
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渾
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| 湊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːs) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 奏 (OC *ʔsoːs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshòo • Middle-Chinese : tshuwH
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to gather together; to assemble • to approach; to come closer; to draw near • to be close; to be near • to happen by chance • (Cantonese) to look after; to babysit
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‖ 湊(みなと) • (Minato)
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port, harbor • to gather together, to congregate ‖ a surname
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湊 (eum 주 (ju))
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Hán-Nôm : tấu
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湊
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| 湍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰoːn, *tjon) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 耑 (OC *toːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuan • Middle-Chinese : thwan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen
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湍 (eum 단 (dan))
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Hán-Nôm : suyền • Hán-Nôm : đoan • Hán-Nôm : thoan • Hán-Nôm : thoăn • Hán-Nôm : thuân
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湍
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| 湔
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiân • Middle-Chinese : dzen • Middle-Chinese : tsen • Middle-Chinese : tsjen • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH
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(literary) to wash, to clean; to cleanse • (literary) to redress (a wrong) • Alternative form of 濺／溅 (“to splash”) • soak • Used in 湔江 (“name of a river in Sichuan province”).
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wash • rinse
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湔 (eum 전 (jeon))
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wash • cleanse • purge
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Hán-Nôm : tiễn
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湔
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| 湛
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Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums). ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (甚) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 甚 (OC *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : dreamX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tam • Middle-Chinese : tom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîm • Middle-Chinese : drim
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profound • clear • a surname ‖ happy; joyful ‖
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湛 • (dam, chim) · 湛 • (dam, chim) (hangeul 담, 침, revised dam, chim, McCune–Reischauer tam, ch'im, Yale tam, chim)
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Hán-Nôm : đậm • Hán-Nôm : giặm • Hán-Nôm : sậm • Hán-Nôm : sặm • Hán-Nôm : thấm • Hán-Nôm : trạm • Hán-Nôm : xạm • Hán-Nôm : xẩm
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湛
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| 湮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːn, *qin) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 垔 (OC *qin).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jin • Middle-Chinese : 'en
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(literary) to inundate; to sink; to bury; to cover up; to fall into oblivion • (literary) to clog up; to block up; to stop
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sink
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湮 • (in) · 湮 • (in) (hangeul 인)
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Hán-Nôm : yên
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湮
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| 湾
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Simplified from 灣 (彎 → 弯).
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‖ 湾(わん) • (wan)
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bay, gulf • bend, curve (replacing 彎) ‖ (geography) bay, gulf, inlet
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湾
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| 湿
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damp • wet • moist
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湿
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| 溘
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : khop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄞˋ • Middle-Chinese : khajH
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(literary) abruptly; suddenly; unexpectedly • (literary) to rely on; to cover ‖ ^‡
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sudden • unexpected
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溘 • (hap) · 溘 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
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Hán-Nôm : hụp
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溘
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| 溥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːʔ, *paːɡ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 尃 (OC *pʰa).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phó • Middle-Chinese : phuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Middle-Chinese : pak
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big; great; vast; wide • widespread; universal ‖ name of a river
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溥 • (bu, bak) · 溥 • (bu, bak) (hangeul 부, 박, revised bu, bak, McCune–Reischauer pu, pak, Yale pu, pak)
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Hán-Nôm : phổ
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溥
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| 溫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːn) : semantic 水 + phonetic 𥁕 (OC *quːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : un • Middle-Chinese : 'won
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(of temperature) lukewarm; warm • to warm up; to raise the temperature of • to revise; to review; to go over; to brush up • (chiefly in compounds) temperature • tepid; mild; soft; tender; gentle • irresolute; indecisive; weak • a surname: Wen • Alternative form of 瘟 (wēn)
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‖ 溫(おん) • (On) ^(←をん (won)?)
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lukewarm • warm • tepid • mild ‖ a female given name
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溫 (eumhun 따뜻할 온 (ttatteuthal on))
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hanja form of 온 (“warm”) • hanja form of 온 (“heat up”)
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Hán-Nôm : ôn
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lukewarm (variant of 温)
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溫
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| 溼
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溼
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| 滂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaːŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ
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(of water) torrential; rushing • voluminous • (～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 滂 (MC phang) ‖ Only used in 滂濞 (pēngpì) and 滂湃.
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滂 • (bang) · 滂 • (bang) (hangeul 방, revised bang, McCune–Reischauer pang, Yale pang)
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Hán-Nôm : bẵng • Hán-Nôm : bàng • Hán-Nôm : phang • Hán-Nôm : phẳng
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滂
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| 滄
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Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tshang
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(literary) blue; dark green (of water) • (literary) vast (of water) • (literary) cold; cool • Alternative form of 蒼／苍 (“grey”)
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滄 • (chang) · 滄 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
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Hán-Nôm : thương
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滄
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| 滌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːwɢ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 條 (OC *l'ɯːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek
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to wash; to cleanse • to sweep; to clean up • to eliminate; to remove
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滌 • (cheok) · 滌 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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Hán-Nôm : địch • Hán-Nôm : sạch
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滌
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| 滓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯʔ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 宰 (OC *ʔsɯːʔ).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsáinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lái • Middle-Chinese : tsriX
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dregs; sediment; residue
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‖ 滓(かす) or 滓(カス) • (kasu)
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‖ dregs; refuse; scum
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滓 • (jae) · 滓 • (jae) (hangeul 재, revised jae, McCune–Reischauer chae, Yale cay)
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Hán-Nôm : chỉ • Hán-Nôm : trể
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滓
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| 滞
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a state of stopping; stagnate
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滞
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| 滬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 扈 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ). \ Probably a derivation from 互 (OC *ɡaːs, “intertwining”) (Schuessler, 2007). 扈 (OC *ɡʷaːʔ, “to stop; to prevent”) may be the same word (ibid.).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǒo • Middle-Chinese : huX
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weir; bamboo fence for catching fish • Shanghai • a surname
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滬 • (ho) · 滬 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
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Hán-Nôm : hộ • Hán-Nôm : hỗ
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滬
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| 滲
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siàm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìm • Middle-Chinese : srimH
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to seep; to infiltrate
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to soak through, to infiltrate
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滲 (eum 삼 (sam))
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Hán-Nôm : rướm
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滲
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| 滾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːnʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 袞 (OC *kluːnʔ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
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to roll; to turn; to rotate • (of a flood) to flow at great speed • to boil (bubble and turn to vapour) • (Cantonese, Gan, Hakka) boiling hot; scalding hot • (dialectal Hakka) hot; high in temperature (in general) • (chiefly as imperative, derogatory, colloquial, dismissal) to go away; to scram; to beat it; to get out • to roll along or about (in snow or flour); to get bigger • extremely; very • (sewing) to use a narrow piece of cut fabric to create an edge • a surname: Gun
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滾 (eum 곤 (gon))
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Hán-Nôm : củn • Hán-Nôm : cổn • Hán-Nôm : cuộn • Hán-Nôm : ngổn
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滾
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| 漕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zluː, *zluːs) : phonetic 曹 (OC *zluː) + semantic 氵 (“water”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsô • Middle-Chinese : dzaw • Middle-Chinese : dzawH
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to transport grain by water • canal; waterway
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|
rowing • scull • paddle
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漕 (eum 조 (jo))
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|
Hán-Nôm : tảo
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|
漕
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| 漣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : ljen • Middle-Chinese : ljenH
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(of water) ripple • appearance of continuous weeping • (～水) river in Hunan province
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‖
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ripple • (of tears) continuously flowing ‖
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漣 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
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canonical : 漣: Hán Việt readings: liên 漣: Nôm readings: trơn • canonical : lăn • canonical : liên
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漣
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| 漩
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‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suân ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān
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eddy, whirlpool ‖ (Southern Min, of liquid) to splash; to spray (from a small hole) • (Southern Min) to piss; to pee; to urinate • (Southern Min, figurative) to insult
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漩
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| 漪
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See 漣漪／涟漪 (liányī).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : 'je
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Short for 漣漪／涟漪 (liányī). • Alternative form of 猗
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ripple
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漪 (eum 의 (ui))
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|
Hán-Nôm : y
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|
漪
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| 漲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋ, *taŋʔ, *taŋs) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 張 (OC *taŋ, *taŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiáng • Middle-Chinese : trjang • Middle-Chinese : trjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Middle-Chinese : trjang • Middle-Chinese : trjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Middle-Chinese : trjang
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to rise; to go up; to increase ‖ Alternative form of 脹／胀 (zhàng, “to swell; to distend”) • to be filled • (Mainland China) to exceed by • a surname ‖ Alternative name for 南海 (Nánhǎi, “South Sea”).
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漲 (eum 창 (chang))
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|
Hán-Nôm : trướng • Hán-Nôm : nhướng
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漲
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| 漳
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋ) : semantic 水 + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
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(～河) Zhang River (river flowing from Shanxi to Hebei) • (～江) Zhang River (river in Fujian) • Short for 漳州 (Zhāngzhōu). • a surname
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|
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漳 • (jang) · 漳 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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|
|
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漳
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| 漿
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 水 (“water”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 水 (“water”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Middle-Chinese : tsjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ
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(obsolete) an ancient sour drink • thick fluid (in general) • drink; beverage; juice • rice water; broth • paste; starch • to soak washed clothes in rice water to make them smooth and stiff after drying; to starch • (dialectal) soy milk • (Cantonese) to be covered by thick fluid ‖ Alternative form of 糨 (jiàng)
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rice water, broth, gruel • drinkstuff
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漿 • (jang) · 漿 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tương
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|
漿
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| 潑
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : put³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuat • Middle-Chinese : phat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ
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to pour; to splash • to submerge; to drown • to brew (tea); to make (tea) • wild and unreasonable • fierce and bold • bad; poor • (Hokkien, intransitive) to splatter; to splash • (Xiamen Hokkien) to fan • (Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Classifier for short periods of an event. ‖ Only used in 潑潑／泼泼 (bōbō, “wiggling of fish's tail”).
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pour • splash • water • sprinkle • violent • malignant
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潑 (eumhun 물뿌릴 발 (mulppuril bal))
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sprinkle water • fierce
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Hán-Nôm : bát
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潑
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| 潜
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潜 • (jam) · 潜 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
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潜
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| 潦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwʔ, *reːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 尞 ().
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ló • Hokkien · Tai-lo : láu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Middle-Chinese : lawX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lawH
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Used in 潦倒 (liáodǎo) and 潦草 (liáocǎo). • Alternative form of 燎 (“to burn; to scald”) ‖ heavy rain • (of rain) heavy; torrential • puddle; accumulated water ‖ flooded; inundated • flooding • to flood
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heavy rain
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潦 • (ryo>yo) · 潦 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
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Hán-Nôm : lẻo
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潦
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| 潸
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : sraen • Middle-Chinese : sraenX
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(literary) tearful • (literary) to shed tears
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潸 • (san) · 潸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
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|
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潸
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| 潺
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Middle-Chinese : dzrean • Middle-Chinese : dzrjen ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan⁴
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The sound or appearance of flowing water. Used in compounds. ‖ (Cantonese) slime; mucus • (Matsu Eastern Eastern Min) spring water, water from the ground or from cracks in rocks
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潺 • (jan) · 潺 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
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Hán-Nôm : sờn • Hán-Nôm : sàn • Hán-Nôm : sớn
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潺
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| 潼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : duwng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhowng
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high, lofty • damp • Tong Pass (潼關) • Tong River (潼河)
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潼 • (dong) · 潼 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong, Yale tong)
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潼
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| 澀
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯb) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歰 (OC *srɯb, “rough; not smooth”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sap¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sip • Middle-Chinese : srip
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(of surfaces) rough; unsmooth • astringent; acerbic; tart • (of writing) hard to understand; obscure; not flowing • (of speech) ineloquent; sluggish • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly
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Alternative form of 渋
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Hán-Nôm : sáp • Hán-Nôm : xát
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澀
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| 澆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋkeːw, *ŋeːws) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : kew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngewH
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to pour (liquid) • to irrigate (using a waterwheel) • to water; to sprinkle • to cast; to shape metal; to mold • (literary, or in compounds) frivolous; disrespectful; discourteous ‖ Used in personal names.
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|
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澆 • (yo) · 澆 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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Hán-Nôm : nhão • Hán-Nôm : kiêu • Hán-Nôm : nghiêu
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澆
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| 澗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn) \ Semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) for the sense of alleyway, alley, narrow street.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Middle-Chinese : kaenH
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brook between mountains; mountain stream • a numeral that refers to 10³⁶ or others • (historical, Hokkien) alleyway, alley, narrow street
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‖ 澗(かん) • (kan)
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‖ undecillion, a number of 10³⁶ in modern Japanese since 17th century.
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澗 (eumhun 산골 물 간 (san'gol mul gan))
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hanja form of 간 (“mountain stream”)
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Hán-Nôm : giản
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澗
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| 澧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *riːʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 豊 (OC *riːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : lejX
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(～水) Lishui River (a river in Hunan, China) • (～河, ～水) Lihe River (a river in Henan, China) • (～縣) Li County (a county of Hunan) • Alternative form of 醴 (lǐ, “sweet”) • a surname
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澧 • (rye>ye) · 澧 • (rye>ye) (hangeul 례>예, revised rye>ye, McCune–Reischauer rye>ye, Yale lyey>yey)
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|
|
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澧
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| 澱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Middle-Chinese : denH
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to settle; to precipitate • sediment; dregs
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澱 • (jeon) · 澱 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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Hán-Nôm : điến • Hán-Nôm : điện
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澱
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| 澹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːm, *daːmʔ, *daːms) : semantic 水 + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam). \ Related to 淡 (OC *l'aːm, *l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms, *lamʔ). ‖ ‖ ‖ Possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Vietnamese đầm (“swamp; to be soaking; be sopping wet”) (Norman and Mei, 1976). Also compare Proto-Tai *domᴬ (“wet”), whence Zhuang dumz (“wet; soaked”) (Yue-Hashimoto, 1976).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎm • Middle-Chinese : damX • Middle-Chinese : damH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm • Middle-Chinese : dam ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm
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calm and indifferent to fame and fortune • quiet; tranquil • light (of taste); insipid • (of water) to ripple • a surname ‖ Only used in 澹臺／澹台 (Tántái, “a surname”). ‖ Only used in 澹林. ‖ (dialectal Eastern Min, Southern Min, Puxian Min) wet; damp; moist
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澹 • (dam, seom) · 澹 • (dam, seom) (hangeul 담, 섬, revised dam, seom, McCune–Reischauer tam, sŏm, Yale tam, sem)
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Hán-Nôm : đam • Hán-Nôm : đàm • Hán-Nôm : đạm
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澹
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| 濂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːm) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm
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a waterfall • A river in Hunan
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|
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濂 • (ryeom>yeom) · 濂 • (ryeom>yeom) (hangeul 렴>염, revised ryeom>yeom, McCune–Reischauer ryŏm>yŏm, Yale lyem>yem)
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Hán-Nôm : nhèm
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濂
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| 濘
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : líng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : nengX • Middle-Chinese : nejH • Middle-Chinese : nengH
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mud • miry, muddy, stagnant
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|
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濘 • (nyeong>yeong) · 濘 • (nyeong>yeong) (hangeul 녕>영, revised nyeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer nyŏng>yŏng, Yale nyeng>yeng)
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Hán-Nôm : ninh • Hán-Nôm : nính
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濘
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| 濛
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng • Middle-Chinese : muwngX
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drizzling, misty, raining
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|
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濛 (eum 몽 (mong))
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Hán-Nôm : mông
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濛
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| 濠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːw) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hô • Middle-Chinese : haw
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moat; trench; ditch
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‖ 濠(ごう) • (gō) ^(←がう (gau)?) ‖ 濠(ほり) • (hori)
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moat, trench • (abbreviation) Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as its precursor colony in the British Empire) • (abbreviation) (geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands) ‖ moat, trench ‖ ditch, canal • moat
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濠 (eum 호 (ho))
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|
Hán-Nôm : hào
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濠
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| 濡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njo, *noːn) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 需 (OC *sno).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : nyu • Middle-Chinese : nwan
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immerse, moisten • wet, damp • Used in 濡忍.
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wet
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濡 (eum 유 (yu))
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|
Hán-Nôm : nhụa
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濡
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| 濤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duː, *duː) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : daw
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billows; large waves • sound of the sea
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|
waves, billows
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濤 (eumhun 물결 도 (mulgyeol do))
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hanja form of 도 (“waves”)
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Hán-Nôm : đào
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濤
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| 濬
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Middle-Chinese : swinH
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(alt. form 浚) to dredge; to dig (a waterway, well, etc.) • (alt. form 浚) deep; profound • ^† to enlighten; to elucidate; to clear up
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|
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濬 (eum 준 (jun))
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Hán-Nôm : tuấn
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濬
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| 濱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin) \ According to Schuessler (2007), this is a Southeast Asian etymon. Compare Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *te(m)biŋ (“border, edge, shore, bank”) & Proto-Monic *t(r)mɓaɲ (“rim, edge; lips”). \ Unclear, if possible, connection with Tibeto-Burman lexical items: Lepcha ᰓᰧᰶ (bí, “edge, border”) & ᰜᰤᰴ ᰓᰧᰶ (lyaŋ bí, “utmost limit of a place”); Tibetan ཕྱི (phyi) ~ ཕྱིན (phyin, “outside”) (unless the Tibetan items belong to 比 (OC *piʔ, “behind > outside?”)) (ibid.). \ 瀕 (OC *pin, *bin) is possibly its endopassive derivative. 墳 (OC -) ~ 濆 (OC *pʰɯːn, *bɯn) is possibly its vocalic variant (ibid.).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : pjin
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shore; beach; coast; bank • to border on; to be adjacent to • (obsolete) Alternative form of 瀕／濒 (bīn, “imminent; about to; nearly”) • (literary) border; edge
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‖ 濱(はま) • (hama)
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‖ beach, seashore
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濱 (eumhun 물가 빈 (mulga bin))
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|
Hán-Nôm : tân
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濱
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| 濺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsens, *ʔseːn) : semantic 水 (“walk”) + phonetic 賤 (OC *zlens). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsens, *ʔseːn) : semantic 水 (“walk”) + phonetic 賤 (OC *zlens).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Middle-Chinese : tsjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsen
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to splash; to splatter ‖ Used in 濺濺／溅溅 (jiānjiān)
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|
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濺 • (cheon) · 濺 • (cheon) (hangeul 천)
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Hán-Nôm : tiên • Hán-Nôm : tiễn
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濺
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| 濾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ras) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 慮 (OC *ras).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī
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to strain out; to filter
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|
filter, strain
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濾 • (ryeo>yeo) · 濾 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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Hán-Nôm : lự
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濾
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| 瀆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶
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(literary) ditch; sluice; gutter; drain • (literary) great river; large river • (literary) to show disrespect or contempt, to be rude to, to annoy, to profane ‖ Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “opening; hole”)
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|
ditch • sluice • gutter, drain • blaspheme, pollute
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瀆 (eum 독 (dok))
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ditch • pollute
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Hán-Nôm : độc
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|
瀆
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| 瀉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sjaːʔ, *sjaːɡs) : semantic 水 + phonetic 寫 (OC *sjaːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sià • Middle-Chinese : sjaeX • Middle-Chinese : sjaeH
|
to pour out; to flow rapidly; to pour down • to leak; to drain off • to have loose bowels; to have diarrhea • to plummet • (Hakka) to break; to smash
|
‖
|
evacuation ‖
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瀉 (eum 사 (sa))
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drain off, leak • flow, pour down
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Hán-Nôm : tả • Hán-Nôm : dã • Hán-Nôm : tã
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|
瀉
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| 瀋
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰjɯmʔ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 審 (OC *hljɯmʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sím • Middle-Chinese : tsyhimX
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(obsolete) liquid; juice • to pour • Short for 瀋陽／沈阳 (Shěnyáng).
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|
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瀋 • (sim) · 瀋 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
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|
Hán-Nôm : thẩm • Hán-Nôm : thẳm • Hán-Nôm : thấm • Hán-Nôm : thẫm • Hán-Nôm : thỏm • Hán-Nôm : thủm • Hán-Nôm : trầm
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|
瀋
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| 瀏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·ruʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 劉 (OC *m·ru). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·ru, *m·ruʔ) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 劉 (OC *m·ru).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liû • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡ
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^† (of water) clear; deep ‖ Alternative form of 溜 (“to sneak off”)
|
|
clear
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瀏 • (ryu>yu) · 瀏 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lưu
|
|
瀏
|
| 瀕
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pin, *bin) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 頻 (OC *bin).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin
|
water's edge; waterside • to be close to; to border on • approach; near; be on verge of
|
|
|
瀕 (eum 빈 (bin))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tần
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|
瀕
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| 瀚
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 翰 (OC *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hān • Middle-Chinese : hanH
|
vast; wide; extensive
|
|
|
瀚 • (han) · 瀚 • (han) (hangeul 한, revised han, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
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|
Hán-Nôm : hãn • Hán-Nôm : hạn
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|
瀚
|
| 瀛
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 嬴 (OC *leŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng
|
(archaic, or in compounds) ocean; sea • (obsolete) marsh • a surname
|
|
|
瀛 (eum 영 (yeong))
|
sea
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Hán-Nôm : doanh
|
|
瀛
|
| 瀝
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lek⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lek
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to drip; to trickle • drop; drip • sediment of wine; dregs ‖ Used in 瀝源／沥源 (“Lek Yuen, Hong Kong”). ‖ Used in 大瀝／大沥 (Dàlì, “Dali, Guangdong”).
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dropping
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瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) · 瀝 • (ryeok>yeok) (hangeul 력>역, revised ryeok>yeok, McCune–Reischauer ryŏk>yŏk, Yale lyek>yek)
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Hán-Nôm : lạch
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瀝
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| 瀟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 蕭 (OC *sɯːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau
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(of water) deep and clear • (～水) Xiao River (a river in Hunan, China)
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瀟 (eum 소 (so))
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Hán-Nôm : tiêu
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瀟
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| 瀨
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːds) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 賴 (OC *raːds). \ As this word appeared in texts about ancient Eastern Yue (now Min) area and Chen Zan remarked that it was a Wu-Yue word, Schuessler (2007) speculates that it has Austroasiatic origin, comparing it to Wa-Lawa-Bulang *rah "rapids, waterfall" & Old Khmer rat (“to move swiftly, to run”), possibly derived from a root meaning "swift". Proto-Min *l̥aiꟲ is identical to Proto-Tai *hla:iᴮ¹. \ Possibly unrelated to 濿 (OC *m·rads) "a ford". ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāi • Middle-Chinese : lajH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luah
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rapids; swift current ‖ (Cantonese) to pass (urine or feces) involuntarily ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) area with torrential waters steeply falling onto the riverbed
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swift current • rapids
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瀨 (eumhun 여울 뢰 (yeoul roe), word-initial (South Korea) 여울 뇌 (yeoul noe))
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hanja form of 뢰/뇌 (“rapids”)
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瀨
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| 瀰
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mjie • Middle-Chinese : mjieX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : nejX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mjie • Middle-Chinese : mjieX • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : nejX
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(of water) full; overflowing; deep; expansive • (alt. form 彌／弥) full ‖ (obsolete) flow
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瀰 (eum 미 (mi))
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Hán-Nôm : di
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full
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瀰
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| 瀾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn). \ 浪 (làng, “wave”) may be a colloquial variant. Phonetically too distant to be related to Thai คลื่น (klʉ̂ʉn, “wave”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ ‖ A dialectal variant of 涎 (OC *ljan, “saliva”) in the South (Schuessler, 2007; Xu and Iwata, 2014).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǎn • Middle-Chinese : lanH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuǎ
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wave; billow • ripple • to surge; to swell • ^† Alternative form of 灡／𬉠 (lán, “water from washed rice”) ‖ Used in 瀾漫／澜漫 and 瀾汗／澜汗. ‖ (chiefly Hakka, Min, Southern Wu) saliva
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large waves
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瀾 (eumhun 물결 란 (mulgyeol ran), word-initial (South Korea) 물결 난 (mulgyeol nan))
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hanja form of 란/난 (“wave”)
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Hán-Nôm : lan
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瀾
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| 灑
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‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sá • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Middle-Chinese : sreaX • Middle-Chinese : sraeX • Middle-Chinese : srjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Middle-Chinese : srjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Middle-Chinese : srjeX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ
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to sprinkle; to splash • to scatter; to throw • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 洗 • Alternative form of 蓰 ‖ Alternative form of 釃／酾 • Used in 離灑／离洒. ‖ cold • terrified ‖ Only used in 淋灑／淋洒.
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pour • sprinkle • wash • purify • be clean/refreshed
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灑 • (sae, swae) · 灑 • (sae, swae) (hangeul 새, 쇄, revised sae, swae, McCune–Reischauer sae, swae, Yale say, sway)
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Hán-Nôm : sái • Hán-Nôm : rợi • Hán-Nôm : tẩy • Hán-Nôm : thối
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灑
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| 灘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Middle-Chinese : than ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : xanX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : nanH
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shoal • beach • Classifier for liquid or paste spread over a surface: pool; puddle ‖ ‖
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‖ 灘(なだ) • (nada)
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‖ area of a sea or an ocean with strong winds or surging waves; rough sea
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灘 (eumhun 여울 탄 (yeoul tan))
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hanja form of 탄 (“shoal”)
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Hán-Nôm : than
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灘
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| 灣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːn) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 彎 (OC *qroːn) – a type of water. \ Cognate with 彎 (OC *qroːn, “bend; curve”) (Wang, 1982).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : 'waen
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(geography) bend in a river • (geography) bay; gulf • (regional, nautical) to berth; to anchor; to moor • a surname
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Kyūjitai form of 湾
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灣 (eumhun 물굽이 만 (mulgubi man))
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hanja form of 만 (“(geography) bay; gulf”) [noun]
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Hán-Nôm : loan • Hán-Nôm : loáng • Hán-Nôm : loãng • Hán-Nôm : vịnh
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bay, gulf
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灣
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| 灯
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‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (-tō) ‖ 灯(とう) • (tō) ‖ 灯(ともし) • (tomoshi) ‖ 灯(ともしび) • (tomoshibi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼし) • (Toboshi) ‖ 灯(とぼしび) • (toboshibi) ‖ 灯(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 灯(ひ) • (hi)
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‖ a light, lamp ‖ counter for 電灯 (dentō, “electric lights”) ‖ electric light ‖ light, lamp • (by extension) Buddhist teaching ‖ a light • Alternative spelling of 照射 (tomoshi): a torch used to bait deer when night hunting ‖ a light • a lit flame (such as of a candle or torch) • (historical, obsolete) under the 律令 (Ritsuryō) system of the Heian period, a kind of scholarship granted to university students ‖ (archaic) an indoor torch • (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshi) ‖ a placename ‖ (archaic) Alternative form of 灯 (tomoshibi) ‖ a light, lamp • (Shinto, Buddhism) a light (or lighted lamp) offered to a kami or buddha ‖ a light, lamp
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灯
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| 炉
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‖ 炉(ろ) • (ro)
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‖ furnace, kiln
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炉 • (ro>no) · 炉 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노)
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炉
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| 炙
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‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH • Middle-Chinese : tsyek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsia̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuànn ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiò
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to roast; to broil; to toast; to cauterize • roast meat ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 炸 (chia̍h) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 煎 (chòaⁿ) ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 焟 (chioh)
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roast • broil • toast • cauterize
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炙 (eumhun 구울 자 (guul ja)) ‖ 炙 (eumhun 구울 적 (guul jeok))
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hanja form of 자 (“to roast; to broil”) ‖ hanja form of 적 (“jeok (a Korean meat dish)”)
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Hán-Nôm : chá • Hán-Nôm : chả • Hán-Nôm : chích
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炙
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| 炯
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : hwengX • Middle-Chinese : kwengX
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bright; brilliant • clear; obvious • (literary) flame; blaze
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light • clear
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炯 (eum 형 (hyeong))
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Shining bright
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canonical : 炯: Hán Việt readings: quýnh • canonical : quỷnh • canonical : huỳnh
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炯
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| 炳
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Unger (1986) reconstructs Old Chinese pronunciation as *pl(j)aŋʔ and considers this item part of a word family under 陽 (OC *laŋ) and related to Thai ปลั่ง (bplàng, “bright”); alternatively, Schuessler (2007) reconstructs OC *br(j)aŋʔ and includes this in an Austroasiatic word family under 亮 (OC *raŋs). See there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pjaengX
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bright; luminous • to shine • notable; remarkable; outstanding; prominent; marked; striking; distinctive • to ignite; to set on fire; to light; to kindle
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‖ 炳(へい) • (hei) ^†-tari (adnominal 炳(へい)とした (hei to shita) or 炳(へい)たる (hei taru), adverbial 炳(へい)と (hei to) or 炳(へい)として (hei to shite))
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clear & bright ‖ bright, shining, • clear to the eye
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炳 • (byeong) · 炳 • (byeong) (hangeul 병, revised byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏng, Yale pyeng)
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bright, luminous • glorious
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Hán-Nôm : bình • Hán-Nôm : bính • Hán-Nôm : bỉnh • Hán-Nôm : bảnh • Hán-Nôm : bãnh
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炳
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| 点
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‖ 点(てん) • (-ten) ‖ 点(てん) • (ten)
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‖ items or goods ‖ spot, dot • score, grade, mark(s) • point
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点 (eum 점 (jeom))
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Alternative form of 點 (“hanja form of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”)”)
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点
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| 烊
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Originally an alternative form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 煬／炀 (yáng). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 火 (“flame”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ). ‖ Originally an alternative form (異體字／异体字 (yìtǐzì)) of 煬／炀 (yáng). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ) : semantic 火 (“flame”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâng • Middle-Chinese : yang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāng
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to smelt • to melt ‖ Only used in 打烊 (dǎyàng).
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烊 • (yang) · 烊 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
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canonical : 烊: Hán Việt readings: rang
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烊
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| 烽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰoŋ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 夆 (OC *pʰoŋ, *boŋ, *ɡaːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjowng
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signal fire • the tower where such a signal fire is lit
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‖
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signal fire, beacon ‖
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烽 • (bong) · 烽 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
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canonical : 烽: Hán Việt readings: phong
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烽
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| 焙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 咅 (OC *pʰɯʔ, *pʰl'oːs)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē
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to bake; to torrefy; to heat over a slow fire
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焙 • (bae) · 焙 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
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canonical : 焙: Hán Việt readings: bồi
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焙
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| 煉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
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refine metals • kneading over fire
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煉 • (ryeon>yeon) · 煉 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연, revised ryeon>yeon, McCune–Reischauer ryŏn>yŏn, Yale lyen>yen)
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Hán-Nôm : luyện • Hán-Nôm : rịn
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煉
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| 煜
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : juk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yuwk • Middle-Chinese : hip
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brilliant; glorious
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煜 • (uk, eup) · 煜 • (uk, eup) (hangeul 욱, 읍, revised uk, eup, McCune–Reischauer uk, ŭp, Yale wuk, up)
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canonical : 煜: Hán Việt readings: dục
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煜
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| 煥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Middle-Chinese : xwanH
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flare; blaze • glowing; shining; lustrous; brilliant • to radiate • a surname
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shine
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煥 • (hwan) · 煥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
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shining, brilliant • lustrous
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canonical : 煥: Hán Việt readings: hoán
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煥
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| 煦
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : heoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ù • Middle-Chinese : xjuX • Middle-Chinese : xjuH
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warm • kind; gentle; gracious; genial
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warm
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煦 • (hu) · 煦 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
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kind, gentle • gracious • genial
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canonical : 煦: Hán Việt readings: hú
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煦
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| 煬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ, *laŋs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋ, *laŋs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 昜 (OC *laŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yangH
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to melt; to smelt (metal) ‖ to bake; to roast • to warm oneself by the fire • hot
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煬 • (yang) · 煬 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
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Hán-Nôm : dương
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煬
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| 熨
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‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ut • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jut ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jw+jH ‖
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to iron; to press • to be closely appressed to; to abut • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be stained with ‖ Only used in 熨貼／熨帖／熨贴 (yùtiē). ‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) to foment ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 燙／烫 (“to iron; to press”)
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flatiron • smooth out
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熨 (eum 위 (wi))
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iron • press
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Hán-Nôm : úy/uý • Hán-Nôm : uất • Hán-Nôm : ủi • Hán-Nôm : uỳn • Hán-Nôm : ùn • Hán-Nôm : uỵn • Hán-Nôm : vùn • Hán-Nôm : vuỵn • Hán-Nôm : vuỹn • Hán-Nôm : ũn • Hán-Nôm : vũn
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熨
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| 熹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Middle-Chinese : xi
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warm, bright
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熹 • (hui) · 熹 • (hui) (hangeul 희)
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熹
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| 熾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯɡs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjɯɡs) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 戠 (OC *tjɯɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci³ • Middle-Chinese : tsyhiH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh
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(of fire) intense; raging • flourishing; prosperous • to burn ‖ (Hokkien) to macerate; to ret; to soak • (Xiamen Hokkien) to shine for a short while (of the sun)
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kindling fire or flame
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熾 (eum 치 (chi))
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Hán-Nôm : xé • Hán-Nôm : xế • Hán-Nôm : xi • Hán-Nôm : sí • Hán-Nôm : xí
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熾
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| 燄
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yemX
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Alternative form of 焰 (yàn, “flame”)
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Hán-Nôm : diễm • Hán-Nôm : diệm
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燄
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| 燉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn) : semantic 火 + phonetic 敦 (OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tūn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣ • Middle-Chinese : thwon • Middle-Chinese : dwon
|
to stew • to heat up (soup, wine, etc.) by steeping the container in hot water ‖ flaming; blazing
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|
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燉 • (don) · 燉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)
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Hán-Nôm : đôn • Hán-Nôm : đốn • Hán-Nôm : đun • Hán-Nôm : đón • Hán-Nôm : don • Hán-Nôm : giôn
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燉
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| 燎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 尞 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rew, *rewʔ, *rews) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 尞 ().
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : ljew • Middle-Chinese : ljewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : ljewX
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torch • (alt. form 潦) to burn; to scald • (historical) offering involving burning wood ‖ to burn weeds • to singe; to scorch; to set on fire • (alt. form 爒) to roast
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bonfire • burn
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燎 • (ryo>yo) · 燎 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
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Hán-Nôm : liệu • Hán-Nôm : leo • Hán-Nôm : liêu • Hán-Nôm : riu
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燎
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| 燐
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lin • Middle-Chinese : linH
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ignis fatuus • (chemistry) phosphorus
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‖ 燐(りん) or 燐(リン) • (rin)
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ignis fatuus • will-o'-the-wisp • phosphorus ‖ phosphorus
|
燐 (eum 린 (rin), word-initial (South Korea) 인 (in))
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|
canonical : 燐: Hán Việt readings: lân
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燐
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| 燙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋs) : phonetic 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ) + semantic 火. \ From 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, “hot water”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thòng
|
to burn; to scald; to injure (with high temperature) • to warm; to heat something up (using hot water or fire) • to perm (one's hair) • (cooking) to blanch • (Cantonese) to iron • hot (because of high temperature)
|
|
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燙 • (tang) · 燙 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang)
|
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Hán-Nôm : nãng • Hán-Nôm : năng • Hán-Nôm : nắng • Hán-Nôm : thãng • Hán-Nôm : thạng • Hán-Nôm : nẵng • Hán-Nôm : tãng • Hán-Nôm : tẵng • Hán-Nôm : tặng • Hán-Nôm : thẵng • Hán-Nôm : thẫng • Hán-Nôm : thậng
|
|
燙
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| 燜
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : būn
|
cook in a covered vessel • to casserole • to stew
|
|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : muộn
|
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燜
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| 燦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 粲 (OC *sʰaːns) \ Same word as 粲 (OC *sʰaːns). See there for etymology.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn • Middle-Chinese : tshanH
|
vivid; illuminating • bright; lustrous
|
|
lustrous
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燦 (eum 찬 (chan))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : xán
|
|
燦
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| 燧
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljuds) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 遂 (OC *ljuds).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suī • Middle-Chinese : zwijH
|
flintstone • beacon fire; signal fire • torch
|
|
|
燧 • (su) · 燧 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : toại
|
|
燧
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| 燬
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmralʔ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 毀 (OC *hmralʔ, *hmrals). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej (“fire”); probably cognate with 火 (OC *qʰʷaːlʔ, “fire”) (STEDT).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : xjweX
|
blazing fire • to burn up; to burn down
|
|
blaze
|
燬 (eum 훼 (hwe))
|
burn down • blaze, fire
|
Hán-Nôm : hủy • Hán-Nôm : huỷ
|
|
燬
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| 燮
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sip³ • Middle-Chinese : sep
|
(literary) to harmonize; to mediate • (literary) harmonious • a surname
|
|
moderate • alleviate • boil over low heat
|
燮 (eumhun 불꽃 섭 (bulkkot seop))
|
harmonize, blend • adjust
|
|
|
燮
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| 燴
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁶
|
to ragout; to cook; to braise • (historical) Chinese dish consisting of fish grilled to the rare stage and then thinly sliced similar to tataki
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : quái • Hán-Nôm : dõi • Hán-Nôm : dọi • Hán-Nôm : giõi • Hán-Nôm : giọi • Hán-Nôm : khoái • Hán-Nôm : rọi
|
|
燴
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| 燻
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun).
|
|
|
|
smoulder • fume • oxidize
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燻 • (hun) · 燻 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : huân • Hán-Nôm : hun
|
|
燻
|
| 爍
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljawɢ) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ). ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : syak ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶
|
to glisten; to glimmer • bright; brilliant; glittering • hot • to roast; to broil • Alternative form of 鑠／铄 (shuò, “to melt by heat; to fuse”) ‖ (Southern Min) to glisten; to glimmer ‖ Only used in 爆爍／爆烁.
|
|
|
爍 (eum 삭 (sak))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thước
|
|
爍
|
| 爛
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lān • Middle-Chinese : lanH
|
(of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed • well-cooked; soft; mushy • broken; fragmented; shattered • low-quality; poor; lousy • to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil • completely; thoroughly • bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent • (Cantonese) to be addicted to • (Cantonese) extremely • Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn).
|
|
be sore • inflamed • bleary • fester
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爛 • (ran>nan) · 爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lạn • Hán-Nôm : láng • Hán-Nôm : rạn
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|
爛
|
| 爨
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tshwanH • Middle-Chinese : tshwan
|
to cook • cooker; cookstove • a surname • Short for 爨體／爨体 (“a style of calligraphy popular in 3rd-4th century AD, considered transitional in the development from clerical script to regular script”).
|
|
boil, cook
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爨 (eumhun 부뚜막 찬 (buttumak chan))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thoán
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|
爨
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| 爰
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爫 (“hand, claw”) + 又 (“hand”) – the middle component has taken various forms. \ Contraction of 于時 (OC *ɢʷa djɯ) or 于是 (OC *ɢʷa djeʔ) (Smith, 2012).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
|
therefore, consequently • A sentence-initial particle
|
|
lead on to • therefore • then
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爰 • (won) · 爰 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
lead on to • therefore • then
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Hán-Nôm : viên • Hán-Nôm : vươn
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|
爰
|
| 爺
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laː) : semantic 父 (“father”) + phonetic 耶 (OC *laː). \ Vovin and McCraw (2011) compare it to Old Turkic [script needed] (uya, “relative”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâ
|
(literary, dialectal or in compounds) father • grandfather • (polite) grandpa; sir (term of address for an elderly man) • (archaic, honorific) sir (term of address for a rich or influential man) • (honorific) term of address for gods and the Buddha • (colloquial, derogatory or familiar, Northern China, male) I; me
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‖ 爺(じい) • (jī) ^(←ぢい (dii)?) · 爺(じい) or 爺(じじ) or 爺(じゞ) or 爺(じじい) or 爺(じゞい) • (jī or jiji or jijī) ^(←ぢい (dii) or ぢぢ (didi) or ぢぢい (didii)?)
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old man • grandfather ‖ a grandfather • an old man; a geezer; a gramps
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爺 (eumhun 아비 야 (abi ya))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : gia
|
chữ Hán form of gia.
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爺
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| 爻
|
Pictogram (象形) : 乂 + 乂 – 2 stacked ‘X’ marks, indicating cuts or marks. ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngâu • Middle-Chinese : haew ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâu
|
a figure composed of six stacked horizontal lines; a hexagram of the I Ching ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 𠢕
|
‖ 爻(こう) • (kō)
|
‖
|
爻 • (hyo) · 爻 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : loài
|
|
爻
|
| 爾
|
Pictogram (象形) – cloth on a loom, with threads crossing – original form of 檷 (OC *niːlʔ, “loom”). Used phonetically. \ ; “you; your” \ ; "that" ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyeX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nī ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : niā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niâ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : nǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nā ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn
|
(literary or dialectal) you; your • (literary) so; this way • (literary or dialectal) this; that • (obsolete, of flowers) exuberant • (obsolete) a suffix or word-final particle indicating state, appearance, sound, or manner accompanying a verb • (literary) a sentence final particle; merely; only • a surname ‖ ‖ (Hokkien) that's all; nothing more; is all ‖ (Hokkien) only ‖ Used in transcription.
|
‖ 爾(じ) • (ji) ‖ 爾(おれ) • (ore)
|
‖ second person archaic pronoun: thou, you • distal pronoun equivalent to modern それ (sore) or その (sono): that • auxiliary character in 漢文 (kanbun) texts indicating state or condition ‖ (archaic, vulgar) second person pronoun: you
|
爾 (eumhun 너 이 (neo i))
|
|
canonical : 爾: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ 爾: Nôm readings: nhãi • canonical : nhĩ
|
|
爾
|
| 牆
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zaŋ) : phonetic 爿 (OC *braːn, *zaŋ) + semantic 嗇 (“wheat in a granary”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiâng • Middle-Chinese : dzjang
|
wall (Classifier: 面 m; 堵 m mn; 埲 c; 幅 c) • (Mainland China, Internet slang) Great Firewall • (Mainland China, Internet slang, usually passive) (the Great Firewall) to censor; to block (a website)
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|
|
牆 • (jang) · 牆 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tường
|
|
牆
|
| 牒
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dep
|
writing slip made of bamboo or wood in ancient China • official document or note; certificate; credentials • records of family pedigree; genealogical records • books; documents; records • plaint; indictment
|
|
|
牒 • (cheop) · 牒 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : điệp
|
|
牒
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| 牖
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : yuwX
|
(literary) window • Alternative form of 誘／诱 (yòu, “to lead; to enlighten”)
|
‖
|
‖
|
牖 • (yu) · 牖 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dũ
|
|
牖
|
| 牘
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 片 (“slice”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Related to 讀 (OC *l'oːɡ, “read”), according to STEDT.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
|
wooden tablets or slips for writing in ancient China • document; archive • letter; correspondence
|
|
wooden tablet • letter; correspondence
|
牘 • (dok) · 牘 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dộc • Hán-Nôm : độc
|
|
牘
|
| 牝
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bilʔ, *binʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cattle”) + phonetic 匕 (OC *pilʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pwi(y)-n (“female, mother, big, molar”) (STEDT, Schuessler (2007)). Cognate with Mizo pui (“(suffix or particle) full-grown female, mother (generally used of animals)”), ha-pui (“molar”); Jingpho wi ~ yi (“female”); etc.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Middle-Chinese : bjijX • Middle-Chinese : bjinX
|
(of an animal) female • (literary) female genitalia • gorge; valley • type of keyhole in ancient times
|
|
female (of an animal) • female genitalia • gorge, hole, hollow
|
牝 • (bin) · 牝 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tẫn
|
|
牝
|
| 牟
|
Ideogram (指事) : An ox (牛) with a symbol (now 厶) to represent its lowing. \ ; “moo” \ ; “to seek; to obtain” \ ; “to love” \ ; “look; appearance” \ ; “spear” ‖ Ideogram (指事) : An ox (牛) with a symbol (now 厶) to represent its lowing. \ ; “moo” \ ; “to seek; to obtain” \ ; “to love” \ ; “look; appearance” \ ; “spear”
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biô • Middle-Chinese : mjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶
|
(onomatopoeia) the sound of cattle: moo • to seek; to obtain; to seize • to exceed; to increase; to double • broad; great • longlasting • (Han dynasty, Sòng-Lǔ dialect) to love • look; appearance • spear • Alternative form of 麰／𮮇 (móu, “barley”) • Alternative form of 眸 (móu, “eyeball”) • Alternative form of 堥 (“earthen pot”) • Alternative form of 侔 (móu, “to be equal”) • Alternative form of 鍪 (móu, “helmet”) • (～國) (historical) Mou (an ancient state in modern-day Shandong, China) • a surname ‖ Used in place names. • a surname
|
|
pupil (hole in middle of an iris) • moo (lowing sound of a cow)
|
牟 • (mo) · 牟 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : mưu • Hán-Nôm : màu • Hán-Nôm : mâu • Hán-Nôm : mầu • Hán-Nôm : mào
|
|
牟
|
| 牠
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho
|
(animal) it
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tha
|
|
牠
|
| 牯
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːʔ) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) \ Wang (1982) related this word to 羖 (OC *klaːʔ, “(black) ram”) and 豭 (OC *kraː, “boar”). \ However, Schuessler (2007) suggested an Austroasiatic origin: compare these Bahnaric lexical items Koho klaw, Chrau klo:, Bulo Stieng klaw "male" (all from Proto-Bahnaric *kləw < Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁l(ə)w(ʔ) (“male”)), as well as Khmer ខ្លោះ (khlɑh, “male, virile”), កំលោះ (kɑmlɑh, “young man”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX
|
bull; ox (especially castrated) • cow (female) • (Hakka, Teochew, suffix) male
|
|
|
牯 • (go) · 牯 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : cổ
|
|
牯
|
| 牴
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Middle-Chinese : tejX
|
(literary) to gore; to butt • (literary, by extension) to conflict; to contradict
|
|
|
牴 • (jeo) · 牴 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|
|
|
牴
|
| 犄
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i • Middle-Chinese : 'je
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‖ ^‡ castrated male bovine • ^‡ Name of a kind of bovine. • ^‡ Alternative form of 猗
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canonical : 犄: Hán Việt readings: cơ 犄: Nôm readings: cơ
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chữ Hán form of cơ.
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犄
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| 犒
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːws) : semantic 牛 (“cow”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou³ • Middle-Chinese : khawH
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to reward troops with food and drink; to feast
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犒 • (ho) · 犒 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
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犒
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| 犖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok⁶ • Middle-Chinese : laewk
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(literary) brindled ox • (literary) brindled in color • (literary) evident; conspicuous • Used in 犖确 (luòquè).
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犖 • (rak>nak) · 犖 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
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犖
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| 犛
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Earliest extant attestation is in Discourses of the States: \ * \ 不然，巴浦之犀、犛、兕、象，其可盡乎，其又以規為瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]不然，巴浦之犀、牦、兕、象，其可尽乎，其又以规为瑱也？ [Classical Chinese, simp.] \ From: Guoyu, circa 4ᵗʰ century BCE \ Bùrán, Bā Pǔ zhī xī, máo/lí, sì, xiàng, qí kě jìn hū, qí yòu yǐ guī wéi tiàn yě? [Pinyin] \ ‘Otherwise, it is because rhinoceros, yaks, wild bovids and elephants in Ba and Pu have become extinct, and for this reason you use my recommendations as earplugs (which are made from the bones of these exotic animals)?’ \ According to Schuessler (2007), 犛 (OC *rə) > lí is either related to or borrowed from Tibetan འབྲི ('bri, “female yak”). \ Jacques, d'Alpoim Guedes and Zhang (2021) propose 犛 (OC *mrˁu) > máo could reflect a borrowing from Rgyalrongic language after loss of final *-ŋ, thus making it cognate to Rgyalrongic terms for "male yak" like Tshobdun qɐⁿbrúʔ, Zbu qɐⁿbrúʔ, Situ kəmbrû, Japhug qambrɯ, and Khroskyabs [script needed] (ʁbrô); as well as Tibetan འབྲོང ('brong, “wild yak”) and Burmese ပြောင် (praung, “gaur”), etc. all from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brawŋ (“wild yak, buffalo”) (STEDT).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : li • Middle-Chinese : loj • Middle-Chinese : maew
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yak
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Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : mao
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犛
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| 犢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Cognate with 羭 (OC *lo, “sheep”), Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”). \ Other etymologies have been proposed: \ * Boodberg (1937) relates it to Tibetan ཕྲུག (phrug, “calf”), which Schuessler (2007) deems unlikely. \ * Norman (1988) suggests that it may be a loan from Mongolic or Tungusic; compare Mongolian ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠯ (tuɣul, “calf”), Manchu ᡨᡠᡴᡧᠠᠨ (tukšan, “calf”). This is an unlikely etymology due to recent developments in the reconstruction of Old Chinese, where *l- (rather than older reconstructions with *d-) would be a poor match for Mongolic/Tungusic t-, as well as new archaeological evidence suggesting that the word is likely older than previously assumed (Miyake, 2017; Cao, 2021). \ * It could also be related to 畜 (OC *l̥ʰuɡs, *l̥ʰuɡ, *hluɡ, “to nourish; domestic animal”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
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calf (young cow or bull) • a surname
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犢 • (dok) · 犢 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
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犢
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| 犧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 牛 (“ox”) + phonetic 羲 (OC *hŋral). \ Cognate with 儀 (OC *ŋral, “ceremony; appearance”). See there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje
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(historical) pure-colored sacrificial animal • sacrifice
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犧 • (hui, sa) · 犧 • (hui, sa) (hangeul 희, 사, revised hui, sa, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, sa, Yale huy, sa)
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canonical : 犧: Hán Việt readings: hy • canonical : hi 犧: Nôm readings: hi
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chữ Hán form of hi (“certain types of sacrifice”).
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犧
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| 状
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‖ 状(じょう) • (-jō)
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condition • form • appearance • letter ‖ being in such condition • having such form or appearance • letter, card, written notice
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状 • (jang, sang) · 状 • (jang, sang) (hangeul 장, 상, revised jang, sang, McCune–Reischauer chang, sang, Yale cang, sang)
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状
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| 狄
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;"northern foreigners" \ ;"low servant"
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek
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the Di people; Zhou dynasty era term for tribes from northern China • low servant • Alternative form of 翟 • a surname
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barbarian
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狄 (eumhun 오랑캐 적 (orangkae jeok))
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hanja form of 적 (“tribe from northern China”)
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Hán-Nôm : địch • Hán-Nôm : đệt
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狄
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| 狎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːb) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Middle-Chinese : haep
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(literary) to be used to; to be familiar with • (literary) to get close to; to become intimate with • (literary) to slight; to neglect • (literary) to tease; to play tricks on
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狎 • (ap) · 狎 • (ap) (hangeul 압, revised ap, McCune–Reischauer ap, Yale ap)
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Hán-Nôm : hiệp • Hán-Nôm : hạp
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狎
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| 独
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‖ 独(どく) • (doku) ^(←どく (doku)?)
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solo, monad • single ‖ solitary • Short for ドイツ／独逸 (Doitsu, “Germany (a country)”).
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独
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| 狭
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‖ 狭(さ) • (sa) ‖ 狭(せ) • (se) ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba) ^†-nari ‖ 狭(せば) • (seba)
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cramped • narrow • contract • tight ‖ narrow, small ‖ (archaic) narrowness ‖ (archaic, Classical Japanese) narrow ‖ Short for 狭縮緬 (sebachirimen /せばちりめん/).
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狭
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| 狷
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwenH • Middle-Chinese : kjwienH
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(literary) rash; impetuous; impulsive • (literary) reserved; overcautious • (literary) upright (of character)
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narrow • short-tempered
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狷 • (gyeon) · 狷 • (gyeon) (hangeul 견, revised gyeon, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, Yale kyen)
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狷
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| 狹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːb) : semantic 犭 (“dog”) + phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb) – narrow-minded, like a dog. \ The endopassive of 夾 (OC *kreːb, “to press between”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gjap (“narrow; crowded”), from which Burmese ကျပ် (kyap, “tight”) is derived (STEDT).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ere̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : heap
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narrow (of rooms, pants, streets, etc.); tight • narrow-minded; narrow (of one's thinking, knowledge, mind, etc.)
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narrow • contract • reduce • tight • limited
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狹 • (hyeop) · 狹 • (hyeop) (hangeul 협, revised hyeop, McCune–Reischauer hyŏp, Yale hyep)
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Hán-Nôm : hẹp • Hán-Nôm : hiẹp • Hán-Nôm : hệp
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狹
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| 狽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːds) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 貝 (OC *paːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : pajH
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(mythology) a legendary wolf-like animal with short forelegs and long hind legs • distressed • wretched
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狽 • (pae) · 狽 • (pae) (hangeul 패, revised pae, McCune–Reischauer p'ae, Yale phay)
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Hán-Nôm : bái
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狽
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| 猙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ, *zeŋʔ) : semantic 犬 (“dog”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : tsreang • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
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fierce-looking; ferocious • (literary, Chinese mythology) a red leopard-like creature with one horn
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猙 • (jaeng) · 猙 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
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Hán-Nôm : tranh
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猙
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| 猥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːlʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ué • Middle-Chinese : 'wojX
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(obsolete) to accumulate • (obsolete) many; numerous • (literary) numerous and chaotic • (literary) lowly; obscene • (obsolete) incorrectly; erroneously • (obsolete) suddenly • (Lichuan Gan) to play
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obscene • vulgar
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猥 (eum 외 (oe))
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Hán-Nôm : ổi
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猥
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| 猫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrew) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew).
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‖ 猫(ねこ) or 猫(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹) ‖ 猫(ねこま) • (nekoma)
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‖ a cat ‖ (obsolete) a cat
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hanja form of 묘 (“cat”)
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猫
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| 献
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offer, present • show, display
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献
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| 猷
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Middle-Chinese : yuw
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to plan, scheme • plan, plot • way
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猷 (eum 유 (yu))
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Hán-Nôm : du
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猷
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| 獅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sri) : semantic 犭 (“dog; beast”) + phonetic 師 (OC *sri). \ Originally written as 師. Earliest written attestations in the Eastern Han era include the Book of Han [before 111], the surviving portion of the Dongguan Hanji [c. 150], and Lokakṣema's translation of the Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā [179]. The term is possibly of Iranian origin. In the Book of Han, the lion was described as indigenous to the historical 烏弋山離 (OC *qaː lɯɡ sreːn rel, “Alexandria”), possibly Alexandria Prophthasia (Yu, 1998), which was part of the Parthian Empire at the time. The Dongguan mentions a lion as a gift from the Shule Kingdom in the year 133, where a Saka language was spoken then. Earlier definite dates associated with the lion mentioned in the Book of the Later Han include the year 87, when a gift lion from the Yuezhi was recorded. \ Compare Proto-Iranian *cárguš (“lion”). Possibly related to 狻猊 (OC *sloːn ŋeː). \ Meanwhile, Adams (2013) postulates possible Tocharian connections; cf. Tocharian B ṣecake and etymologies.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sir • Middle-Chinese : srij
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lion
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‖ 獅(し) • (shi)
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a lion ‖ lion
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獅 (eumhun 사자 사 (saja sa))
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hanja form of 사 (“lion”)
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canonical : 獅: Hán Việt readings: sư 獅: Nôm readings: sư
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chữ Hán form of sư (“lion”).
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獅
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| 獎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋʔ) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 犬 (“dog”). The significance of 犬 is debated; cf. the same radical in 獻.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX
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to reward someone with something as encouragement; to award • reward; prize • prize money
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Alternative form of 奨: reward; prize
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獎 (eum 장 (jang))
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Alternative form of 奬
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Hán-Nôm : tưởng
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獎
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| 獐
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiunn • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
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water deer
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‖
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roebuck • hornless river deer ‖
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獐 (eumhun 노루 장 (noru jang))
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roe deer
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canonical : 獐: Hán Việt readings: chương 獐: Nôm readings: chương
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chữ Hán form of chương (“musk deer”).
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獐
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| 獗
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ
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Only used in 猖獗 (chāngjué).
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獗 • (gwol) · 獗 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel)
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獗
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| 獰
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ning⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : nraeng
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ferocious; hideous
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獰 (eumhun 모질 녕 (mojil nyeong), word-initial (South Korea) 모질 영 (mojil yeong))
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hanja form of 녕/영 (“ferocious; hideous”)
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獰
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| 獷
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwangX • Middle-Chinese : kwaengX
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獷 • (gwang) · 獷 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
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Hán-Nôm : quánh
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獷
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| 獺
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuah • Middle-Chinese : that • Middle-Chinese : trhaet
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otter
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‖ 獺(うそ) • (uso)
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otter ‖ an otter
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獺 (eumhun 수달 달 (sudal dal))
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hanja form of 달 (“otter”)
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Hán-Nôm : thát • Hán-Nôm : rái
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獺
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| 玀
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴
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Used in 豬玀／猪猡 (zhūluó, “pig”). • Used in 猓玀／猓猡 (Guǒluó, “the Yi people”).
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玀
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| 玟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ
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(literary) veins in jade
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玟 • (min) · 玟 • (min) (hangeul 민)
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玟
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| 玳
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Middle-Chinese : dojH • Middle-Chinese : dowk
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Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào); also used as its short form.
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玳 • (dae) · 玳 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)
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canonical : 玳: Hán Việt readings: đại 玳: Nôm readings: đồi • canonical : đại
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chữ Hán form of đại (“only used in 玳瑁 (đại mội)”). • Nôm form of đồi (“tortoise shell”).
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玳
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| 珀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰraːɡ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paak³ • Middle-Chinese : phaek
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Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”).
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珀 • (bak) · 珀 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
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Hán-Nôm : phách
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珀
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| 珊
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : san
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coral • Used in compounds.
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coral
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珊 (eum 산 (san))
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Hán-Nôm : san
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珊
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| 珮
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bwojH
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(historical) jade ornament worn as a pendant on the waist • Alternative form of 佩 (pèi, “to wear on the waist”)
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bauble; jewel
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珮 (eum 패 (pae))
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珮
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| 琊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 邪
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : je⁴
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Used in 瑯琊／琅琊 (Lángyá).
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(arch.) place in eastern Shandong
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琊
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| 琥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlaːʔ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 虎 (OC *qʰlaːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóo • Middle-Chinese : xuX
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Only used in 琥珀 (hǔpò, “amber”).
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jewelled tiger.
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琥 • (ho) · 琥 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
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Hán-Nôm : hổ
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琥
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| 琪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gi
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a beautiful jade; also connotes flourishing flowers and plants; a metaphor for precious things
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type of jade
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琪 • (gi) · 琪 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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fine jade
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Hán-Nôm : kì
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琪
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| 琶
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pêe • Middle-Chinese : bae
|
Only used in 琵琶. • a kind of method of playing pipa
|
|
Lute
|
琶 • (pa) · 琶 • (pa) (hangeul 파, revised pa, McCune–Reischauer p'a, Yale pha)
|
|
|
|
琶
|
| 琺
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat³
|
Used in 琺瑯／珐琅 (fàláng). • a surname
|
|
|
琺 • (beop) · 琺 • (beop) (hangeul 법, revised beop, McCune–Reischauer pŏp, Yale pep)
|
|
|
|
琺
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| 琿
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Middle-Chinese : hwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ
|
Used in 璦琿／瑷珲 (Àihuī). • (literary) beautiful jade ‖ Used in a place name • (literary) beautiful jade
|
|
jewel
|
琿 • (heun) · 琿 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|
beautiful jade, gem
|
|
|
琿
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| 瑁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡs, *muːɡ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 冒 (OC *muːɡs, *mɯːɡ). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mawH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mwojH • Middle-Chinese : mowk
|
jade used by Son of Heaven to be pieced together with feudal lords' ceremonical jade gui (圭) ‖ Only used in 玳瑁 (dàimào, dàimèi).
|
|
jade used by emperor of China
|
瑁 • (mo, mae) · 瑁 • (mo, mae) (hangeul 모, 매, revised mo, mae, McCune–Reischauer mo, mae, Yale mo, may)
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|
|
|
瑁
|
| 瑕
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraː) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Middle-Chinese : hae
|
flaw; blemish
|
‖ 瑕(か) • (ka) ‖ 瑕(か) • (ka)
|
‖ blemish, flaw ‖ a flaw
|
瑕 • (ha) · 瑕 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hà
|
|
瑕
|
| 瑚
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : hu
|
Used in 珊瑚 (shānhú)
|
|
|
瑚 (eumhun 산호 호 (sanho ho))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hô • Hán-Nôm : hồ
|
|
瑚
|
| 瑛
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'jaeng
|
(literary) luster of jade • (literary) beautiful jade; jade-like stone • Alternative form of 英 (yīng, “outstanding figure”)
|
|
|
瑛 (eum 영 (yeong))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : anh
|
|
瑛
|
| 瑜
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : yu
|
^⁜ fine jade • ^⁜ luster of gems • Used in transcription of Sanskrit terms. • Used in personal names.
|
|
|
瑜 (eumhun 아름다운 옥 유 (areumdaun ok yu))
|
beautiful jade
|
Hán-Nôm : du
|
|
瑜
|
| 瑣
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : só • Middle-Chinese : swaX
|
petty; trivial; insignificant • low; base • Original form of 鎖／锁 (suǒ, “chain; lock”). • chain-like pattern • ^‡ sound of jade; fragments of jade • a surname
|
|
|
瑣 • (swae) · 瑣 • (swae) (hangeul 쇄, revised swae, McCune–Reischauer swae, Yale sway)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tỏa • Hán-Nôm : toả
|
|
瑣
|
| 瑤
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
|
(literary) precious jade • (literary) fine; precious • (～族) Yao people
|
|
beautiful (as a jewel)
|
瑤 • (yo) · 瑤 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
|
|
canonical : 瑤: Hán Việt readings: dao
|
|
瑤
|
| 瑩
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷreŋ, *qʷeːŋs) : abbreviated phonetic 熒 (OC *ɡʷeːŋ) + semantic 玉 (“jade”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : hjwaeng • Middle-Chinese : 'engH
|
lustrous and transparent • (literary) jade-like stone • (literary) luster of gems • (literary) to polish; to adorn
|
|
clear
|
瑩 (eum 영 (yeong))
|
lustre of gems • bright, lustrous
|
Hán-Nôm : oánh • Hán-Nôm : oành
|
|
瑩
|
| 瑪
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Middle-Chinese : maeX
|
Used in 瑪瑙／玛瑙 (mǎnǎo). • a surname • Used in transcription.
|
|
agate • onyx
|
瑪 • (ma) · 瑪 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : mã • Hán-Nôm : mẽ
|
|
瑪
|
| 瑯
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (良) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 郎 (OC *raːŋ)
|
Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
|
|
|
precious stone
|
瑯 • (rang>nang) · 瑯 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lang
|
|
瑯
|
| 璋
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyang
|
a small jade ornament that can be hung at the waist or on other items such as fans, swords, or even lanterns • jade plaything
|
|
|
璋 • (jang) · 璋 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
|
|
璋
|
| 璜
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|
(historical) semi-circular jade pendant used for ritual and ornamental purposes • Used in 璜璜.
|
|
jade ornament semicircular in shape
|
璜 • (hwang) · 璜 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
a semicircular jade ornament used as a pendant
|
|
|
璜
|
| 璣
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
|
imperfect pearl • (historical) an ancient astronomical instrument
|
|
|
璣 • (gi) · 璣 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
|
|
璣
|
| 璦
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯːds) : semantic 𤣩 (“jade”) + phonetic 愛 (OC *qɯːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi³ • Middle-Chinese : 'ojH
|
fine quality jade
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
璦
|
| 瓊
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeŋ) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 夐 (OC *qʰʷeːns, *qʰʷeŋs). ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 瓊 – see 璿. \ (This character is a variant form of 璿). \ Borrowed from English June.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông • Middle-Chinese : gjwieng ‖
|
(literary) fine jade (particularly red jade) • (literary) elegant; exquisite; beautiful • (abbreviation) Hainan • a surname ‖ A transliteration of the English female given name June
|
|
|
瓊 • (gyeong) · 瓊 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : quỳnh • Hán-Nôm : quạnh • Hán-Nôm : quầng • Hán-Nôm : quýnh • Hán-Nôm : quành • Hán-Nôm : quềnh • Hán-Nôm : lương
|
|
瓊
|
| 瓏
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 玉 (“jade”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ, “dragon”)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : long • Middle-Chinese : luwng
|
a kind of jade that is for requesting rain and has the figure of a Chinese dragon on it
|
|
clarity • sound of jewels
|
瓏 • (rong>nong) · 瓏 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lung • Hán-Nôm : long
|
|
瓏
|
| 瓠
|
‖ ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : huH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ
|
calabash gourd ‖ (obsolete) Used in 瓠蘆／瓠芦, alternative form of 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu, “bottle gourd; calabash”) • (obsolete) container made of a large old bottle gourd • (obsolete) Alternative form of 壺／壶 (hú, “jar; jog”) • (Taiwanese Hakka) bottle gourd; calabash ‖ (obsolete) Only used in 瓠落 (“vast; spacious; frustrated”). ‖ Only used in 瓠讘／瓠𰵹 (“a county during the Han dynasty”).
|
|
gourd
|
瓠 • (ho) · 瓠 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
|
|
|
|
瓠
|
| 甄
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ken, *kin) : phonetic 垔 (OC *qin) + semantic 瓦.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsyin • Middle-Chinese : kjien
|
to make pottery • potter's wheel • to examine; to distinguish; to select the best • a surname
|
‖ 甄(けん) • (ken) ‖ 甄(けん) • (Ken)
|
ceramic, porcelain • distinction; to distinguish • clear, distinct ‖ porcelain, ceramic ‖ a surname
|
甄 • (gyeon, jin) · 甄 • (gyeon, jin) (hangeul 견, 진, revised gyeon, jin, McCune–Reischauer kyŏn, chin, Yale kyen, cin)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chân • Hán-Nôm : nhân
|
|
甄
|
| 甌
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo, “vessel”) + semantic 瓦 (“pottery”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) (reconstructed provisionally). Related to 碗 (OC *qoːnʔ, “bowl”) and possibly 甕 (OC *qoːŋs, “urn”). Compare Burmese အိုး (ui:, “pot”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : au¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
|
small bowl; small cup; small tray • Abbreviation of 溫州／温州 (Wēnzhōu): Wenzhou (a prefecture-level city in Zhejiang, in southeastern China) • a surname • (Penang Hokkien) cup • (Penang Hokkien) classifier for cups of drinks
|
|
small jar • jug
|
甌 (eum 구 (gu))
|
bowl, cup • small tray
|
Hán-Nôm : âu
|
|
甌
|
| 甕
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːŋs) : phonetic 雍 (OC *qoŋ, *qoŋs) + semantic 瓦 (“earthenware”). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan (Unger, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). STEDT reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔəw-ŋ (“pot; vat; jar”) provisionally. \ Within Chinese, compare 甌 (OC *qoː, “small bowl; small cup”), 碗 (OC *qoːnʔ, “bowl”), 罌 (OC *qreːŋ, “earthen jar”), 盎 (OC *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs, “earthen jar”), 癰 (OC *qoŋ, “carbuncle; ulcer”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ Also compare Tibetan གཞོང (gzhong, “basin; tub; bowl”), Lepcha ᰈᰨᰵᰕᰨ (joŋ-mo, “bucket, tub”), Proto-Loloish *ʔ-loŋ² (“pot”) (Unger, 1999).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : ung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : àng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng • Middle-Chinese : 'uwngH
|
urn; pottery jar • a surname
|
‖ 甕(かめ) • (kame) ‖ 甕(みか) • (mika) ‖ 甕(みかわ) • (mikawa) ‖ 甕(もたい) • (motai) ^(←もたひ (motafi)?) ‖ 甕(たしらか) • (tashiraka)
|
jug, cistern ‖ earthenware pot ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ large earthenware pot for brewing sake ‖ earthenware vessel for sake, etc ‖ earthenware vessel used by the emperor to clean his hands
|
甕 • (ong) · 甕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : úng • Hán-Nôm : ống • Hán-Nôm : ổng
|
|
甕
|
| 甦
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : from 更生 (“to be reborn”). \ From *s- (“causative prefix”) + a root **ŋˤa, the latter found in 寤 (OC *ŋˤa-s, “to awake”), 悟 (OC *ŋˤa-s, “to awake; to realize”) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014; Schuessler, 2007). \ Alternatively, Zhang, Jacques, and Lai (2019) compare it to Japhug sŋa (“to come to oneself”), Cogtse Situ [Term?] (kə-mə-sŋâr, “to feel cold”), Brag-bar Situ [Term?] (kə-mə-sŋiɛ̂r, “to come to oneself”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : soo • Middle-Chinese : su
|
(literary) to revive; to resuscitate; to regain consciousness
|
|
|
甦 (eum 소 (so))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tô
|
|
甦
|
| 甬
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (用) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) – a bell. In the bronze inscription, the lower part evolved into 用 (OC *loŋs), which serves as a phonetic component.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
|
handle of a bell • path screened by walls on both sides • An ancient name for Ningbo, a city in Zhejiang province • The Yong River in Ningbo
|
|
road with walls on both sides
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dũng
|
|
甬
|
| 甭
|
From a northern dialectal pronunciation of 不用. ‖ Contraction of 毋通 (m̄-thang). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bung² ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mang ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : mài
|
(dialectal Mandarin) Contraction of 不用 (“needn't”). • (Beijing Mandarin) Indicates a rhetorical question: could it be that...; is it possible that... ‖ (Hokkien) do not; don't; cannot ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 莫 (mài, “do not”)
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : bằng
|
|
甭
|
| 画
|
|
|
|
‖ 画(が) • (ga) ‖ 画(が) • (-ga) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (kaku) ‖ 画(かく) • (-kaku)
|
‖ picture, drawing, painting • movie, film, video ‖ genre or style of painting ‖ delimiter, demarcation, stopping point • plan, strategy ‖ stroke (the individual lines and dots that comprise a kanji character) • a line in the divinatory trigrams of the I Ching: "—" (陽) and "- -" (陰) ‖ number of strokes in a kanji
|
画 (eumhun 그림 화 (geurim hwa)) ‖ 画 (eumhun 그을 획 (geueul hoek))
|
Alternative form of 畫 ‖ Alternative form of 畫
|
|
|
画
|
| 畚
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phún • Middle-Chinese : pwonX
|
bamboo or wicker scoop; basket • dustpan • (dialectal) to scoop up with a dustpan
|
|
|
畚 • (bun) · 畚 • (bun) (hangeul 분, revised bun, McCune–Reischauer pun, Yale pun)
|
|
|
|
畚
|
| 畦
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeː) : semantic 田 + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : hwej
|
(obsolete) A unit of surface area, equal to 25 or 50 mu (畝／亩 (mǔ)) • ridge-bordered rectangular section of land in a field • (obsolete) to divide a field into sections and cultivate
|
|
rice paddy ridge • furrow • rib
|
畦 • (hyu) · 畦 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
|
sections in vegetable farm
|
|
|
畦
|
| 畿
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯl) : semantic 田 + abbreviated phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gj+j
|
imperial domain; area near the capital
|
|
capital, suburbs of capital
|
畿 (eumhun 경기 기 (gyeonggi gi))
|
hanja form of 기 (“area near the capital”)
|
canonical : 畿: Hán Việt readings: kì • canonical : kỳ 畿: Nôm readings: kì • canonical : kỳ
|
imperial domain; area near the capital
|
畿
|
| 疇
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *du) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus). \ ; “who”
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
|
(agriculture) field; farmland; arable land • (agriculture, specifically) hemp field • (agriculture) division in a field between different types of crops • (agriculture) to hill up; to earth up • to make equal • kind; class; category • Alternative form of 籌／筹 (chóu, “to calculate; to plan”) • Alternative form of 酬 (chóu, “to repay; to thank”) • who • Meaningless particle. • (～國) Chou (an ancient state in modern Henan) • a surname
|
|
companion, mate, colleague
|
疇 (eumhun 밭이랑 주 (bachirang ju))
|
hanja form of 주 (“furrow”)
|
|
|
疇
|
| 疊
|
畾 + 宜 – a pile. \ Originally as 曡, with 晶 (jīng) on top. Shuowen commented that the shape change was promoted by emperor of the short-lived Xin Dynasty, who deemed the use of three "suns" (日) in this character too empowering - compared to three "fields" (田). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/l-t(y)ap (“fold, layer, pile up, repeat”). Cognate with 褶 (“lined dress”), Tibetan ལྟབ (ltab, “to fold, gather up, to lay or put together”), ལྡེབ (ldeb, “to bend round or back, to turn round, to double down”), ལྡབ (ldab, “to fold up, repeat, do again”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tha̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p • Middle-Chinese : dep
|
to fold; to fold up • to fold over in layers; to pile up; to be piled up • to repeat; to duplicate; to be repetitious • Classifier for piles/layers. • (Southern Min) to add; to increase (over the existing foundation) • Alternative form of 㲲 (dié) • a surname: Die
|
‖
|
‖
|
疊 • (cheop) · 疊 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
|
|
canonical : 疊: Hán Việt readings: điệp 疊: Nôm readings: điệp • canonical : đệp • canonical : xếp
|
chữ Hán form of điệp (“fold in layers”).
|
疊
|
| 疋
|
Pictogram (象形) – a foot 止 with a leg/thigh on top.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : srjo • Middle-Chinese : srjoX
|
foot
|
‖ 疋(ひき) • (-hiki)
|
counter for horses, mules, and small animals • counter for rolls of cloth • a measure of cloth • foot (rare) ‖ Alternative form of 匹: counter for smaller animals
|
疋 • (pil, so) · 疋 • (pil, so) (hangeul 필, 소, revised pil, so, McCune–Reischauer p'il, so, Yale phil, so)
|
roll, bolt of cloth • foot
|
Hán-Nôm : sất • Hán-Nôm : thất • Hán-Nôm : sơ
|
|
疋
|
| 疝
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreːn, *sraːns) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sàn • Middle-Chinese : srean • Middle-Chinese : sraenH
|
(pathology) hernia
|
|
|
疝 • (san) · 疝 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : sán
|
|
疝
|
| 疥
|
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : keajH
|
scabies
|
|
scabby eruption
|
疥 • (gae) · 疥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
|
scabies, itch
|
|
|
疥
|
| 疳
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kam
|
(traditional Chinese medicine) infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinal parasites
|
‖ 疳(かん) • (kan)
|
‖ (traditional Chinese medicine) infantile neurosis where there is nocturnal crying as well as convulsions • Alternative spelling of 癇 (kan): nerves, temper • Short for 疳疾 (kanshitsu):
|
疳 • (gam) · 疳 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
|
childhood diseases
|
|
|
疳
|
| 疵
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzje
|
illness • defect • calamity • censure • black spot; naevus
|
|
|
疵 • (ja) · 疵 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|
|
疵
|
| 疽
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰa) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjo
|
(traditional Chinese medicine) ulcer; carbuncle; abscess
|
|
|
疽 • (jeo) · 疽 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
|
|
|
|
疽
|
| 痔
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯʔ) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 寺 (OC *ljɯs)
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Middle-Chinese : driX
|
hemorrhoid
|
‖ 痔(じ) • (ji) ^(←ぢ (di)?)
|
illness in the anal region ‖ (pathology) hemorrhoids, piles
|
痔 • (chi) · 痔 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trĩ
|
|
痔
|
| 痙
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kǐng • Middle-Chinese : gjiengX
|
convulsions, fits
|
|
have a cramp
|
痙 • (gyeong) · 痙 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|
canonical : 痙: Hán Việt readings: kính
|
|
痙
|
| 痞
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ). \ "Protuberance"? > "enlargement of an abdominal organ; pain due to splenomegaly" > "[dialectal] abdominal tumour". ‖ "Bad" > "obscene; ferocious; rascal". Its use is most prominent in dialects of Hubei and Hunan, and possibly originates from the ancient dialectal pronunciation of 匪 (“bad, evil, bandit”), same as Min Nan 歹 (phái(ⁿ), “bad”). \ It may be the origin of some uses of 皮 (pí), for example 調皮 (“naughty”), 賴皮 (“shameless”) and 頑皮 (“naughty”). \ The Cantonese pronunciation is probably due to confusion with 踎 (mau1, “to squat”), as this word is not native to Cantonese.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phí • Middle-Chinese : pijX • Middle-Chinese : bijX • Middle-Chinese : pjuwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau¹
|
enlargement or lump in the abdomen; in particular, splenomegaly or hepatomegaly • (traditional Chinese medicine) stuffiness, fullness and discomfort in the epigastrium; dyspepsia or constipation • (dialectal Mandarin) abdominal tumour • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) scab; healed wound • (Southern Min) scurf; flakes on the skin surface ‖ rascal; scoundrel • (dialectal) to act perversely; to behave like a hoodlum • (dialectal) to act shamelessly; to violate rules • (dialectal) frivolous; slippery • (dialectal) obscene; indecent; vulgar • (dialectal) ferocious; fierce • (dialectal) bad; evil
|
|
|
痞 • (bi) · 痞 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
|
|
痞
|
| 痣
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯs) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 志 (OC *tjɯs).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : tsyiH
|
colored spot on skin; mole; nevus • a surname
|
‖ 痣(あざ) • (aza)
|
birthmark, nevus • bruise ‖ bruise, birthmark
|
痣 • (ji) · 痣 • (ji) (hangeul 지)
|
|
|
|
痣
|
| 痱
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : bj+j • Middle-Chinese : bwojX • Middle-Chinese : bj+jH
|
prickly heat
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
痱
|
| 痺
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pe) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 卑 (OC *pe). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Japhug ndʑɯrpɯt (“to be numb”) (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjie
|
paralysis; numbness • (Cantonese) numb; paralysed
|
|
|
痺 • (bi) · 痺 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tê • Hán-Nôm : tí • Hán-Nôm : tý
|
paralysis; numbness
|
痺
|
| 痿
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uí • Middle-Chinese : 'jwe • Middle-Chinese : nywe
|
(traditional Chinese medicine) to be lacking in sexual energies
|
|
|
痿 • (wi) · 痿 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
|
|
|
|
痿
|
| 瘀
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qas) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 於 (OC *qaː, *qa). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu³ • Middle-Chinese : 'joH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu²
|
bruise • bruised ‖ (Cantonese) embarrassing
|
|
|
瘀 • (eo) · 瘀 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)
|
|
|
|
瘀
|
| 瘁
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH
|
overworked; tired; exhausted • troubled; distressed • haggard; weak
|
|
|
瘁 • (chwi) · 瘁 • (chwi) (hangeul 취, revised chwi, McCune–Reischauer ch'wi, Yale chwi)
|
|
|
|
瘁
|
| 瘉
|
|
|
|
|
|
瘉 • (yu) · 瘉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|
瘉
|
| 瘋
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plum) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong
|
to go crazy; to become insane; to go mad • to play wilfully; to engage in wild play • mentally unstable; crazy; insane; mad • overgrown
|
|
Crazy • Fast • Wild
|
瘋 • (pung) · 瘋 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : phong • Hán-Nôm : phung
|
|
瘋
|
| 瘓
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tqʰʷaːnʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 奐 (OC *qʰʷaːns).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huàn • Middle-Chinese : thwanX
|
Only used in 癱瘓／瘫痪 (tānhuàn).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
瘓
|
| 瘠
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zeɡ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 脊 (OC *ʔseɡ)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzjek
|
barren
|
|
lean, thin • barren, sterile
|
瘠 • (cheok) · 瘠 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tích
|
|
瘠
|
| 瘡
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong • Middle-Chinese : tsrhjang
|
wound; cut • sore; skin ulcer; boil
|
‖ 瘡(かさ) • (kasa)
|
sore ‖ sore
|
瘡 • (chang) · 瘡 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
|
|
|
|
瘡
|
| 瘧
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋawɢ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ). \ Perhaps related to 虐 (OC *ŋawɢ, “to oppress, to coerce, to be violent”). \ Compare Thai งก ๆ (ngók-ngók, “shivering, shaking (due to fever or fear)”), Thai หงก ๆ (ngòk-ngòk, “shivering (as from ague)”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄩㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngjak
|
(medicine) ague; malaria; intermittent fever and shivering • Alternative form of 虐 (nüè, “abuse; to be abused”)
|
|
(pathology) malaria
|
瘧 • (hak) · 瘧 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)
|
|
|
|
瘧
|
| 瘴
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjaŋs) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 章 (OC *kjaŋ)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsyangH
|
miasma; noxious vapours arising from a swamp
|
|
Miasma, toxic air or gasses.
|
瘴 • (jang) · 瘴 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chướng
|
|
瘴
|
| 癆
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːw, *raːw, *raːws) : semantic 疒 (“sickness”) + phonetic 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws). \ From 勞 (OC *raːw, *raːws, “to toil”) (Wang, 1982). ‖ Possibly related to 療 (OC *rews, “to cure”) (Schuessler, 2007). Compare ancient Chu dialect 瘌 (OC *raːd, “to be poisoned by medication”). Cognate to Mizo ru (“bark, roots, leaves or fruit which can be used to poison fish”), Jingpho mə-rau (“fishing by stupefying fish by poisonous vines”), Burmese ရိုး (rui:, “fish poison”) (Starostin).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : lawH
|
(traditional Chinese medicine) internal injury caused by overstraining • tuberculosis; pulmonary tuberculosis • (Southwestern Mandarin, dialectal Gan) to have an upset stomach because of the lack of fats in one's diet; to crave meat • (Xiang, of plants) to wither (in the sun) • (Xiang, of a person) to be dispirited; depressed ‖ (ancient Northern Yan and Joseon region) to be poisoned (by medication) • (Jianghuai and Southwestern Mandarin, Gan, Xiang, transitive) to poison • painful
|
|
|
癆 • (ro>no) · 癆 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lao
|
|
癆
|
| 癒
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 愈 (OC *loʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶
|
to heal; to get well; to recover
|
|
healing
|
癒 • (yu) · 癒 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
canonical : 癒: Hán Việt readings: dũ 癒: Nôm readings: dũ • canonical : dú • canonical : rũ
|
chữ Hán form of dũ (“recover”).
|
癒
|
| 癘
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ljejH
|
epidemic; plague • sore; ulcer
|
|
contagious disease • leprosy
|
癘 • (ryeo>yeo) · 癘 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
|
|
|
|
癘
|
| 癢
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laŋʔ) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, though the exact etymon is unclear. Compare Tibetan གཡའ (g.ya', “to itch”), Jingpho kaya (“to itch”), Burmese ယား (ya:, “to itch”), Japhug rɤʑa (“to itch”) (Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2017; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ja (“to itch”). Also compare Lepcha ᰚᰭ (yak, “to itch”) (Schuessler, 2007), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-sak (“to itch”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiūnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiǔnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiōnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiāunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iáng • Middle-Chinese : yangX
|
itchy; ticklish • itching to do something
|
|
itchy
|
癢 • (yang) · 癢 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dưỡng • Hán-Nôm : ngứa
|
|
癢
|
| 癥
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tɯŋ) : semantic 疒 (“disease”) + phonetic 徵 (OC *tɯʔ, *tɯŋ)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : tring
|
(traditional Chinese medicine) lump in the abdomen • (traditional Chinese medicine) abdominal tumor; bowel obstruction
|
|
|
癥 • (jing) · 癥 • (jing) (hangeul 징, revised jing, McCune–Reischauer ching, Yale cing)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trưng • Hán-Nôm : chứng
|
|
癥
|
| 癩
|
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laat⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thái • Middle-Chinese : lajH • Middle-Chinese : lat
|
leprosy • (regional) favus, especially of the scalp • coarse; uneven; rough
|
‖ 癩(らい) • (rai)
|
leprosy ‖ (dated, derogatory) leprosy
|
癩 • (ra>na) · 癩 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
|
hanja form of 나 (“leprosy”)
|
Hán-Nôm : lại • Hán-Nôm : cùi • Hán-Nôm : lầy
|
|
癩
|
| 癬
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *senʔ) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 鮮 (OC *sen, *senʔ, *sens).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuánn • Middle-Chinese : sjenX
|
(dermatology, pathology) ringworm; tinea
|
|
１．Ringworm
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癬 • (seon) · 癬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
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癬
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| 癮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 隱 (OC *qɯnʔ, *qɯns). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ín ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : giàn
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addiction; craving (Classifier: 鋪／铺 c) • (dialectal) to like (doing something) • (dialectal) to crave; to be addicted to ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min) addiction; craving • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to like (doing something) • (Eastern Min, Southern Min) to crave; to be addicted to • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to have a tendency to; to easily do something • (Taiwanese Hokkien) stupid; foolish • (Taiwanese Hokkien, often in the negative) willing • (Taiwanese Hokkien) skinny; lean
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癮 (eum 은 (eun))
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Hán-Nôm : ẩn
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癮
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| 癱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *n̥ʰaːn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 難 (OC *n̥ʰaːn, *naːns).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : than • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuann
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paralysis; palsy; numbness
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癱 • (tan) · 癱 • (tan) (hangeul 탄, revised tan, McCune–Reischauer t'an, Yale than)
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Hán-Nôm : than
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癱
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| 癲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn) : semantic 疒 (“illness”) + phonetic 顛 (OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Middle-Chinese : ten
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crazy; nuts; mad • (Cantonese) to be mad; to display insane behavior
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to collapse due to a mental disorder or a nervous disorder • epilepsy
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癲 • (jeon) · 癲 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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癲
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| 皈
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Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Originally 𦤇, which is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 自 (“self”) + 反 (“to return; to move back”). Later 自 was corrupted into 白.
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Alternative form of 帰
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chữ Hán form of quy (“refuge”).
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皈
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| 皎
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Middle-Chinese : kewX
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white • bright, brilliant • clear
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皎 (eum 교 (gyo))
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Hán-Nôm : kiểu
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皎
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| 皚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːl) : semantic 白 (“white”) + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khái • Middle-Chinese : ngoj
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pure white; snow white
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white
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皚 • (ae) · 皚 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ya)
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Hán-Nôm : ngai
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皚
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| 皰
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phā • Middle-Chinese : phaewH • Middle-Chinese : baewH
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blister; bleb • pimple; acne • eyelid
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Hán-Nôm : bào
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皰
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| 皴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshwin
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to be chapped • (Mandarin, colloquial) grime on one's skin
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‖ 皴(しわ) • (shiwa)
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‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries
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皴 • (jun) · 皴 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
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皴
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| 皺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrus) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 皮.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : tsrjuwH
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wrinkle; crease; fold • to wrinkle; to crease
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‖ 皺(さび) • (sabi) ‖ 皺(しぼ) • (shibo) ‖ 皺(しわ) • (shiwa)
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‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries ‖ a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries • a pattern of puckers and bulges in a cloth, caused by the warp and woof of the material • a similar pattern of puckers and bulges formed on the surface of paper or leather ‖ wrinkles in skin, paper, cloth, or some other surface • ripples on the surface of water • a pattern of cracks and wrinkles on the surface of an 烏帽子 (eboshi, “traditional Japanese formal black hat”) formed as the black lacquer dries
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皺 • (chu) · 皺 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
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Hán-Nôm : trứu • Hán-Nôm : nhíu • Hán-Nôm : sô
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皺
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| 盂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷa) : phonetic 于 (OC *ɢʷa) + semantic 皿 (“dish; vessel”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : û • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo • Middle-Chinese : hju
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broad-mouthed receptacle for holding liquids and foods • (historical) name of a hunting formation • (～縣) Yu County, Yuxian (a county of Yangquan, Shanxi, China) • a surname
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bowl (container for foods and liquids) • Used in transliteration of Sanskrit terms. ‖
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盂 • (u) · 盂 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
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canonical : 盂: Hán Việt readings: vu 盂: Nôm readings: vu • canonical : vò
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chữ Hán form of vu (“cup”). • Nôm form of vò (“jar”).
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盂
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| 盃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plɯː) : phonetic 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') + semantic 皿.
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盃 • (bae) · 盃 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
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canonical : 盃: Hán Việt readings: bôi 盃: Nôm readings: bôi • canonical : bui • canonical : bùi • canonical : vôi • canonical : vội • canonical : vui • canonical : vùi
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Alternative form of 杯 (“chữ Hán form of bôi (“cup”).”)
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盃
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| 盍
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Original form of 蓋. Pictogram (象形) , a container and its lid. \ From the fusion of 何不 (OC *ɡaːl pɯ, “why not”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍p • Middle-Chinese : hap
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(Classical) why; how • (Classical) why not • Used in 盍簪. • Used in 盍旦. • Original form of 蓋／盖 (gài, “to cover”). • a surname
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come together • congregate • meet • cover
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盍 • (hap) · 盍 • (hap) (hangeul 합)
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Hán-Nôm : hạp • Hán-Nôm : khạp
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盍
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| 盎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs) : phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ) + semantic 皿 (“dish; vessel”) ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : òng • Middle-Chinese : 'angX • Middle-Chinese : 'angH ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : on¹
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(historical) an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • brimming; overflowing ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 罌／罂 (“bottle”) ‖ Used in transcription. • (Cantonese) Short for 盎士 (on¹ si⁶⁻²), alternative form of 安士 (on¹ si⁶⁻², “ounce”).
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cup • pot • bowl • abundant
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盎 • (ang) · 盎 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
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동이: an earthen vessel with a big belly and a small mouth • spill over
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盎
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| 盗
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Simplified from 盜 (㳄 → 次)
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steal, rob
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盗
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| 盞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːnʔ) : phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn) + semantic 皿 (“vessel”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsán • Middle-Chinese : tsreanX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan²
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small cup or container • Classifier for lamps, lanterns, or cups of drink. ‖ (of lifestyle or enjoyment) enjoyable • will only
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盞 • (jan) · 盞 • (jan) (hangeul 잔, revised jan, McCune–Reischauer chan, Yale can)
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romanization : trản • romanization : chén
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small cup
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盞
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| 盥
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𦥑 (“pair of hands”) + 水 (“water”) + 皿 (“vessel”) – hands holding water from a vessel.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fun² • Middle-Chinese : kwanX • Middle-Chinese : kwanH
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to wash (the hands or face) • washbasin
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‖ 盥(たらい) • (tarai) ^(←たらひ (tarafi)?)
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‖ tub, basin
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盥 • (gwan) · 盥 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
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盥
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| 盧
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Originally a pictogram (象形) – an oven. 虍 and 皿 were added in the bronze inscriptions, and the oven pictogram came to be written 田, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·raː) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 田 (“pictogram of an oven”) + semantic 皿 (“vessel”). This sense (“oven”) is now represented by the character 爐／炉 (lú).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu
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a surname • (obsolete) rice bowl • (obsolete) black • (Taiwan slang) sloppy • Short for 盧森堡／卢森堡 (Lúsēnbǎo).
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盧 (eumhun 밥그릇 로 (bapgeureut ro), word-initial (South Korea) 밥그릇 노 (bapgeureut no))
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Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lờ • Hán-Nôm : lừ • Hán-Nôm : lô • Hán-Nôm : lơ • Hán-Nôm : lợ • Hán-Nôm : lu • Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : lứa
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盧
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| 盪
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng • Middle-Chinese : thang • Middle-Chinese : dangX • Middle-Chinese : thangH
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to toss; to swing; to rock; to sway; to wave • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse • to cleanse; to wash away; to rinse · (Mainland China Hokkien) to wash by shaking the water stored in a container (to remove dirt) • to root out; to wipe out; to clear away; to sweep off • to loaf about • (Hakka) to slap with the palm of the hand
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盪 • (tang) · 盪 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang)
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Hán-Nôm : đãng
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盪
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| 眩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷeːn, *ɡʷeːn) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 玄 (OC *ɡʷeːn). \ Related to 熒 (OC wêŋ). See there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîn • Middle-Chinese : hwen • Middle-Chinese : hwenH
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dizzy; giddy; vertiginous • (literary) puzzled; bewildered • Alternative form of 炫 (xuàn, “to dazzle”)
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眩 • (hyeon, hwan) · 眩 • (hyeon, hwan) (hangeul 현, 환, revised hyeon, hwan, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, hwan, Yale hyen, hwan)
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眩
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| 眸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mu) : semantic 目 + phonetic 牟 (OC *mu).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mjuw
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(anatomy) pupil (of the eye) • (by extension) eye
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the pupil of an eye • the iris of an eye • eye
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眸 • (mo) · 眸 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
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眸
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| 眾
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Pictogram (象形) : a sun (日) above three humans (㐺) – people gathered or working under the sun. \ The top, originally 日 (“sun”) in oracle script has been modified, in bronze script resembling instead a horizontal eye (early form of 目) – reinterpreted as “a crowd under someone’s gaze”, and now resembles 罒. \ The bottom, originally three figures (人人人), uses various forms of 人 and 亻, with variation depending on font. \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-toŋ (“thousand”) (Peiros and Starostin, 1996; STEDT); if so, cognate with Tibetan སྟོང (stong, “thousand”), Burmese ထောင် (htaung, “thousand”), Drung tu (“thousand”), Nuosu ꄙ (dur, “thousand”). \ Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) compares this word with Classical Tibetan [script needed] (yong, “in all, at all times, ever before”) and Tibetan ཡོངས (yongs, “all, whole”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyuwng
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masses; people; multitude; crowd; everyone • everything; all matters • all the government officials • soldier; army; troops • slave labour in agriculture • (Buddhism) number of monks • many; numerous • majority • various; different • general; common • 32nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "legion" (𝌥) • a surname ‖ glutinous millet
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Alternative form of 衆
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眾 • (jung) · 眾 • (jung) (hangeul 중, revised jung, McCune–Reischauer chung, Yale cwung)
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Hán-Nôm : chúng
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眾
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| 睏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khùn
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sleepy; tired • (dialectal) to sleep
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to sleep; be sleepy, drowsy • to die
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Hán-Nôm : khốn
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睏
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| 睜
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing
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Used in 眳睜／眳睁. ‖ to open one's eye
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to open one's eye • to stare
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睜 • (jeong) · 睜 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng)
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pupil
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Hán-Nôm : tĩnh • Hán-Nôm : tranh • Hán-Nôm : tránh
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睜
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| 睞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːs) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 來 (OC *m·rɯːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāi • Middle-Chinese : lojH
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(literary or Hakka) to glance at; to look sideways at; to squint at
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睞
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| 睥
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phè • Middle-Chinese : phejH
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Used in 睥睨 (pìnì).
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睥 • (bi) · 睥 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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睥
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| 睨
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gio̍h • Middle-Chinese : ngejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gîrn
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(literary) to look askance at; to glance at from the side • (archaic) to look at; to watch ‖ (Hokkien) to glare
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to glare at, to scowl at • authority, power • to stare
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睨 • (ye) · 睨 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
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睨
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| 睽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷiːl) : semantic 䀠 (“two eyes”) + phonetic 癸 (OC *kʷilʔ). The 䀠 (jù) (two eyes) component later became a 目 (mù) (eye) component.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khwej
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opposed; contrary; separated • to separate; to part • to stare; only used in 睽睽 (kuíkuí) and 睽睢. • 38th hexagram of the I Ching
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staring
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睽 (eum 규 (gyu))
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squint, strabismus • stare
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Hán-Nôm : khóe • Hán-Nôm : khoé • Hán-Nôm : khuê
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睽
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| 睿
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Simplified from 叡, see there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juē • Middle-Chinese : ywejH
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shrewd; astute; clever; keen; farsighted • emperor • Confucius
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睿 • (ye) · 睿 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
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Hán-Nôm : duệ
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睿
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| 瞇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 目 + phonetic 迷 (OC *miː).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mi
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to squint; to narrow one's eyes • (colloquial) to take a nap • (Zhongshan Min Cantonese and Min) to sleep • (Southern Min) to look furtively • (Teochew) to close one's eyes
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Hán-Nôm : mị
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瞇
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| 瞌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰaːb) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 盍 (OC *ɡaːb).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kheh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khereh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khap
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^⁜ sleepy • (Cantonese) to doze • (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min) to close (one's eyes) • (Leizhou Min, Hainanese) to sleep
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瞌
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| 瞑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːn, *meːns, *meːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 冥 (OC *meːŋ, “dark”) – to close one's eyes.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mêe • Middle-Chinese : meng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁶ • Middle-Chinese : menH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : men
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to close one's eyes • (literary, of eyesight) dim ‖ Only used in 暝眩. ‖ Alternative form of 眠 (“to sleep; to nap”)
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to close one's eyes; to pass away • dim; dark • blind person
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瞑 • (myeong, myeon) · 瞑 • (myeong, myeon) (hangeul 명, 면, revised myeong, myeon, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, myŏn, Yale myeng, myen)
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Hán-Nôm : manh
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瞑
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| 瞞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 目 (“eye”) + phonetic 㒼 (, “to cover something carefully and tightly without a break”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ • Middle-Chinese : man
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to deceive; to lie; to conceal • eyes half-closed
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deception
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瞞 • (man) · 瞞 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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deceive • lie • eyes half-closed
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Hán-Nôm : man
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瞞
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| 瞟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiáu • Middle-Chinese : phjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiewX
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瞟
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| 瞠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rtʰaːŋ) : semantic 目 + phonetic 堂 (OC *daːŋ). \ Also occurs in Thai ถลึง (tlʉ̌ng, “to stare fiercely”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thenn • Middle-Chinese : trhaeng
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to stare at; to gaze at; to glare at
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stare intently
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瞠 • (dang, cheong) · 瞠 • (dang, cheong) (hangeul 당, 청, revised dang, cheong, McCune–Reischauer tang, ch'ŏng, Yale tang, cheng)
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look at • stare at • gaze at
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Hán-Nôm : xanh
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瞠
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| 瞥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰed, *pʰeːd) : phonetic 敝 (OC *beds, *bed) + semantic 目 (“eye”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄝ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiat • Middle-Chinese : phet • Middle-Chinese : phjiet
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to shoot a glance at
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瞥 (eumhun 깜짝할 별 (kkamjjakhal byeol))
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hanja form of 별 (“shoot a glance at”)
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瞥 (miết)
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瞥
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| 瞰
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàm • Middle-Chinese : khamH
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瞰 • (gam) · 瞰 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)
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to watch • to overlook, look down
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瞰
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| 瞽
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From 鼓 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “drum”) (Schuessler, 2007), as musicians were blind in ancient times.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX
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blind • undiscerning
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‖
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‖
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瞽 • (go) · 瞽 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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Hán-Nôm : cổ
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瞽
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| 瞿
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa) : phonetic 䀠 (, “eyes”) + semantic 隹 (“bird”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa) : phonetic 䀠 (, “eyes”) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Middle-Chinese : kjuH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khî • Middle-Chinese : gju
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(literary) shocked; scared; panic-stricken ‖ (historical) halberd-like weapon • Used in 瞿麥／瞿麦. • a surname
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瞿 • (gu) · 瞿 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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Hán-Nôm : cò • Hán-Nôm : cù • Hán-Nôm : cồ
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瞿
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| 矇
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : muwng
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to cheat; to deceive; to dupe • to make a wild guess ‖ (literary) blind • Used in 矇矓／蒙眬 (ménglóng).
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矇 • (mong) · 矇 • (mong) (hangeul 몽, revised mong, McCune–Reischauer mong, Yale mong)
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矇
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| 矓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông
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矓
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| 矚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyowk
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to gaze at; to stare at
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look intently
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矚 • (chok) · 矚 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
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watch carefully • stare at • focus on
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|
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矚
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| 矜
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Corrupted from 矝, which is a Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ) : semantic 矛 (“spear”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Modern Mandarin pronunciation follows the corrupted phonetic part 今 (jīn). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khim • Middle-Chinese : king ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gin • Middle-Chinese : gj+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹
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to pity; to feel sorry for; to show sympathy for ‖ handle of a spear ‖ Alternative form of 鰥／鳏 (guān, “old man with no wife”) • Alternative form of 瘝 (guān, “to be ill”)
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pride • respect
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矜 • (geung, geun) · 矜 • (geung, geun) (hangeul 긍, 근, revised geung, geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭng, kŭn, Yale kung, kun)
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pity • feel sorry for • show sympathy for
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矜
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| 矽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 夕 (xī). \ From English silicon. Coined by Chinese scientist Xu Shou in 1871. The term is dated in Mainland China as it is homophonous to 硒 (xī) "selenium" and 錫／锡 (xī) "tin".
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k
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(chemistry, chiefly Taiwan and Hong Kong, dated in Mainland China) silicon
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矽 • (seok) · 矽 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
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canonical : 矽: Hán Việt readings: tịch
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矽
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| 砝
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; Etymology 1 \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 + abbreviated phonetic 法. \ ; Etymologies 2 and 3 \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːb, *kab) : semantic 石 + phonetic 去 (OC *kʰaʔ, *kʰas). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Middle-Chinese : kjaep ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Middle-Chinese : kap
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Used in 砝碼／砝码 (fǎmǎ). ‖ (obsolete, rare) hard ‖ (obsolete, rare) the sound of rocks
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砝
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| 砥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : té • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Middle-Chinese : tsyij • Middle-Chinese : tsyeX • Middle-Chinese : tsyijX
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(literary) fine-grained whetstone • to grind; to polish • to temper oneself; to steel oneself • smooth; level; even
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砥 • (ji) · 砥 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
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砥
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| 砧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ɯm) : semantic 石 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tim • Middle-Chinese : trim
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base for beating or chopping · stone base for beating clothes • base for beating or chopping · anvil • base for beating or chopping · base for cutting or lethal sentence • base in general • (Hakka) to hold one's hands in closed fists and to strike with phalanx
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砧 • (chim) · 砧 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)
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Hán-Nôm : châm
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砧
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| 砭
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pian • Middle-Chinese : pjem • Middle-Chinese : pjemH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ
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(traditional Chinese medicine) stone needle used in acupuncture • (traditional Chinese medicine) to stab with such a needle • to pierce • to treat; to cure • to counsel; advise • (literary) providing constructive criticisms and suggestions ‖ (dialectal) mountain slope; hillside
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stone probe • pierce • counsel
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砭 • (pyeom) · 砭 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem)
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stone needle
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Hán-Nôm : biếm
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砭
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| 砲
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|
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‖ 砲(ほう) • (hō) ^(←はう (fau)?) ‖ 砲(ほう) • (-hō) ^(←はう (fau)?)
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cannon, artillery ‖ gun, firearm • (by extension) Alternative spelling of 大砲 (“cannon, artillery”) ‖ gun • cannon, artillery • ordnance
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砲 (eumhun 대포 포 (daepo po))
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hanja form of 포 (“cannon”)
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Hán-Nôm : pháo
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|
砲
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| 硃
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsyu
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cinnabar • ink made from cinnabar • red • a surname
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cinnabar
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硃 • (ju) · 硃 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
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cinnabar
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|
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硃
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| 硯
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiān • Middle-Chinese : ngenH
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inkstone
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inkstone
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硯 • (yeon) · 硯 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
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Hán-Nôm : nghiền • Hán-Nôm : nghiên • Hán-Nôm : nghiễn • Hán-Nôm : nghẽn • Hán-Nôm : khố
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硯
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| 硼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 朋. \ Originally only used in 硼砂 (“borax”): first attested in 《丹方鑑源》 (Tang dynasty), as 大朋砂. The 硼 here is a loanword; compare Middle Persian bwlk' (bōrag). \ The “boron” sense of 硼 is a clipping or back-formation. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang¹
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(chemistry) boron ‖ (onomatopoeia) a loud sound • Alternative form of 蹦 (bèng, “to jump”) • Alternative form of 碰 (pèng, “to bump; to touch”)
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boron
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硼 • (bung, pyeong) · 硼 • (bung, pyeong) (hangeul 붕, 평)
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|
|
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硼
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| 碉
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau
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room made of stone • pillbox; blockhouse
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|
|
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碉 (điêu)
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碉
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| 碩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaɡ) : phonetic 石 (OC *djaɡ) + semantic 頁.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Middle-Chinese : dzyek
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large; big • great; eminent • beautiful; fine • firm; stable • Short for 碩士／硕士 (shuòshì, “master's degree”). • a surname
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|
large • great • eminent
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碩 • (seok) · 碩 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
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|
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碩 (thạc, thượt)
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碩
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| 碼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone; rock”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Before Qing dynasty, the character was used in word 碼瑙／码瑙 (Yupian) and 碼頭／码头 (mǎtou) (Stories to Awaken the World), both originally written with 馬／马 (mǎ). \ ; “gambling chip”, “chip for counting” (> “number”), “classifier for things” \ ; “yard” \ ; “kilometer per hour” \ ; “pixelization” \ ; “to reply to a post for reading it later”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Middle-Chinese : maeX
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Used in 碼瑙／码瑙. • digit; number; code • (of shoes) number of size • (Cantonese, of clothing in general) size • yard (unit of length) • (Cantonese) Classifier for hours (of work). • (computing) code • code, encoding of a Chinese character into the Latin alphabet • Classifier for things, matter. • (colloquial) to pile up • (nonstandard) kilometer per hour • (Mainland China, neologism) pixelization • (Mainland China, neologism) to reply to a post for reading it later • (Mainland China, neologism) to type a document
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碼 • (ma) · 碼 • (ma) (hangeul 마)
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Hán-Nôm : mã
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碼
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| 磋
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsha • Middle-Chinese : tshwaH
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(literal) to polish • ^⁜ (figurative) to deliberate
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|
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磋 • (cha) · 磋 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
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Hán-Nôm : tha
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磋
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| 磐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baːn) : phonetic 般 (OC *praːn, *paːn, *baːn) + semantic 石 (“stone”). \ ; “large rock”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuân • Middle-Chinese : ban
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large rock; boulder • stable; firm • Alternative form of 盤／盘 (pán, “to linger; to not move away”)
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|
rock
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磐 • (ban) · 磐 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
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|
Hán-Nôm : bàn
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|
磐
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| 磚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjon) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 專 (OC *tjon).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuan • Middle-Chinese : tsywen
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brick (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • tile; paving • (computing slang, figurative) brick (an electronic device, especially a heavy box-shaped one, that has become non-functional or obsolete)
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brick
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磚 • (jeon) · 磚 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
Hán-Nôm : chuyên • Hán-Nôm : gạch
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|
磚
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| 磬
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 殸 + 石 (“stone”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³ • Middle-Chinese : khengH
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stone chimes; sounding stone; qing • (Buddhism) inverted bell (a Buddhist percussion instrument)
|
|
upside-V-shaped gong
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磬 (eum 경 (gyeong))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : khánh
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|
磬
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| 磯
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
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(obsolete, of waves) to pound against rocks • (obsolete, figurative) to enrage; to offend • rock jutting out of the water at the shore; rocky beach
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|
seashore; rocky beach • rock; pebble
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磯 • (gi) · 磯 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ki • Hán-Nôm : cơ
|
|
磯
|
| 磴
|
‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tongH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄥ
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(literary) stone steps on ledge, cliff, or hill • (literary) stone bridge with steps • stone bench; stone stool • Classifier for steps or rungs. ‖ to kick ‖ to increase; to grow
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磴 • (deung) · 磴 • (deung) (hangeul 등, revised deung, McCune–Reischauer tŭng, Yale tung)
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磴
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| 磺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“rock; stone”) + phonetic 黃 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : n̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn
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^⁜ (chemistry) sulfur, brimstone • (chemistry) sulfonyl
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sulfur
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磺 • (gwang) · 磺 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
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磺
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| 礙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːs) : semantic 石 + phonetic 疑 (OC *ŋɯ). \ Uncertain, possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔgak, Tibetan འགག ('gag, “obstruction, stoppage”), བཀག (bkag, “blockage, barricade, barrier”), དགག (dgag, “block, inhibit, obstruct”) & འགེགས་པ ('gegs pa, “hinder, thwart, obstruct”) (Bodman, 1980), as Tibeto-Burman voice stops sometimes correspond to Chinese nasal initials (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gāi • Middle-Chinese : ngojH
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to obstruct; to hinder; to block; to deter • obstruction; hindrance
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obstruction
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礙 • (ae) · 礙 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
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Hán-Nôm : ngại • Hán-Nôm : ngái
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礙
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| 礦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷraːŋʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 廣 (OC *kʷaːŋʔ).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòng • Middle-Chinese : kwaengX
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mineral deposit • ore • mine • a surname: Kuang
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Alternative form of 鉱: mineral
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礦 • (gwang, hwang) · 礦 • (gwang, hwang) (hangeul 광, 황, revised gwang, hwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, hwang, Yale kwang, hwang)
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mineral, ore
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Hán-Nôm : khoáng • Hán-Nôm : quáng • Hán-Nôm : khoắng
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礦
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| 礪
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lè
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whetstone • to whet; to sharpen ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鑢／𮣶 (“to rub; file (tool); to file”)
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|
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礪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 礪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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|
|
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礪
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| 礫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːwɢ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ) \ From Proto-Tibeto-Burman *b-rak. Cognate with Drung ɑ³¹ pɹɑʔ⁵⁵ luŋ⁵⁵ (“rock”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ
|
gravel; pebbles; potsherds ‖ Only used in 卓礫／卓砾. ‖ ^‡ Appearance of white stones/rocks.
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‖ 礫(れき) • (reki) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (tsubute) ‖ 礫(つぶて) • (Tsubute) ‖ 礫(たぶて) • (tabute) ‖ 礫(こいし) • (koishi) ‖ 礫(たびいし) • (tabiishi)
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pebble, stone ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing • gravel ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ a place name ‖ (obsolete) a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing ‖ Alternative spelling of 小石 (koishi): a small stone or pebble ‖ a small stone or pebble, especially one used for throwing
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礫 (eumhun 조약돌 력 (joyakdol ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 조약돌 역 (joyakdol yeok))
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hanja form of 력/역 (“pebble”)
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|
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礫
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| 礬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ban) : phonetic 樊 (OC *ban) + semantic 石 (“stone”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon
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alum
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|
|
礬 • (ban) · 礬 • (ban) (hangeul 반)
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Hán-Nôm : phàn • Hán-Nôm : phèn
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|
礬
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| 礼
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Based on an ancient form of 禮 recorded in Shuowen as . In regular script, the earliest record can be traced back to the Tang dynasty orthographical dictionary Ganlu Zishu 《干祿字書》. \ In modern form: Simplified from 禮 (示 → 礻 and 豊 → 乚).
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‖ 礼(れい) • (rei)
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manners; etiquette ‖ a bow, the gesture of bending at the waist • an expression of thanks or gratitude
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礼 (eum 례 (rye), word-initial (South Korea) 예 (ye))
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Alternative form of 禮
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canonical : 礼: Hán Việt readings: lễ 礼: Nôm readings: lạy • canonical : lẫy • canonical : lấy • canonical : trễ • canonical : lẻ • canonical : lãi • canonical : lễ • canonical : rẻ • canonical : trẻ • canonical : rẽ • canonical : lẩy • canonical : lệ • canonical : lưỡi • canonical : lẽ • canonical : lởi • canonical : lỡi • canonical : trẩy • canonical : lể
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Alternative form of 禮
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礼
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| 祁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡril, *kljilʔ) : phonetic 示 (OC *ɡle, *ɢljils) + semantic 邑 (“place”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡril, *kljilʔ) : phonetic 示 (OC *ɡle, *ɢljils) + semantic 邑 (“place”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsyijX
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great • (～縣) Qi County (a county of Jinzhong, Shanxi, China) • Short for 祁門／祁门 (Qímén). • Short for 祁陽／祁阳 (Qíyáng). • ^‡ numerous; ample; abundant • a surname ‖
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|
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祁 • (gi) · 祁 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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canonical : 祁: Hán Việt readings: kì • canonical : kỳ 祁: Nôm readings: kì • canonical : kỳ
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chữ Hán form of Kì (“a surname”).
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祁
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| 祆
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰliːn) : semantic 礻 + phonetic 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn, “heaven”). \ Cognate with 天 (OC *qʰl'iːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : xen
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Ahura Mazda, god of the Zoroastrians
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|
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祆
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| 祇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡe) : semantic 示 + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjie
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earth spirit • big • to feel relieved; to be at ease • this
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|
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祇 • (gi, ji) · 祇 • (gi, ji) (hangeul 기, 지, revised gi, ji, McCune–Reischauer ki, chi, Yale ki, ci)
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|
canonical : 祇: Hán Việt readings: chi • canonical : chỉ • canonical : kì • canonical : kỳ 祇: Nôm readings: chỉ
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祇
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| 祐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯs) : semantic 礻 (“spirit”) + phonetic 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs). \ Exoactive of 右 (OC *ɢʷɯʔ, *ɢʷɯs, “right (side)”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : hjuwH
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(of divinity) to assist; to bless; to protect • Alternative form of 佑 (yòu, “to assist”) • a surname
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‖ 祐(ゆう) • (Yū) ^(←いう (iu)?) ‖ 祐(ひろし) • (Hiroshi)
|
divine help, divine protection ‖ a surname • a male or female given name ‖ a male given name
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祐 • (u) · 祐 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
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|
Hán-Nôm : hựu • Hán-Nôm : hữu
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祐
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| 祗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjil) : semantic 示 + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi • Middle-Chinese : tsyij
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(literary) to respect; to look up to; to revere
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|
to respect; to look up to • earnestly; just
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祗 (eumhun 공경(恭敬)할 지 (gonggyeonghal ji))
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|
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祗
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| 祚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo • Middle-Chinese : dzuH
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|
|
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祚 • (jo) · 祚 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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|
Hán-Nôm : tộ
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|
祚
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| 祺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯ, *ɡɯ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gi
|
auspicious; propitious • good luck; felicity
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|
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祺 • (gi) · 祺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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Hán-Nôm : kì
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|
祺
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| 禅
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|
|
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‖ 禅(ぜん) • (zen) ‖ 禅(ぜん) • (Zen)
|
Chinese emperor sacrifice ceremony • Chinese emperor abdicating the throne • meditative concentration • dhyana, Zen Buddhism ‖ (Buddhism) dhyana-samadhi: • (Buddhism) the disciplines and doctrine of Zen Buddhism • Short for 座禅 (zazen): a sitting position in a Zen meditation ‖ (Buddhism) Short for 禅宗 (Zenshū): Zen Buddhism • a surname
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禅 • (seon) · 禅 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
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Zen
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|
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禅
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| 禎
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Middle-Chinese : trjeng
|
lucky; auspicious • good omen
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|
(さいわい) divine grace • (さいわい) auspicious • (ただしい) straight, unwarped
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禎 • (jeong) · 禎 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
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|
|
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禎
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| 禦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaʔ, *ŋas) : phonetic 御 (OC *ŋas) + semantic 示.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX
|
to defend, to resist, to hold out against
|
|
|
禦 (eum 어 (eo))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ngữ • Hán-Nôm : ngừa • Hán-Nôm : ngự
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|
禦
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| 禧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlɯ, *qʰlɯʔ) : semantic 示 + phonetic 喜 (OC *qʰlɯʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xi
|
favourable luck; good fortune; auspiciousness; blessings
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|
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禧 • (hui) · 禧 • (hui) (hangeul 희, revised hui, McCune–Reischauer hŭi, Yale huy)
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|
|
|
禧
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| 禱
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tóo • Middle-Chinese : tawX • Middle-Chinese : tawH
|
to pray
|
|
pray • entreat • beg • plead • prayer
|
禱 • (do) · 禱 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
to pray
|
|
|
禱
|
| 禿
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 毛 (“hair”) + 儿 (“person”). 毛 later corrupted into 禾.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuh • Middle-Chinese : thuwk
|
(of a person's scalp) having little or no hair; bald • (of a mountain, vegetation, etc.) bare; barren; stripped • (of a tool) blunt • (of a work) unfinished; unsatisfactory • (Quanzhou Hokkien) slick and sly, hard to deal with (especially due to age) • (Shanghainese) all, everything
|
‖ 禿(はげ) • (hage) ‖ 禿(かむろ) • (kamuro) ‖ 禿(かぶろ) • (kaburo) ‖ 禿(とく) • (toku) ‖ 禿(はげ) • (Hage)
|
‖ baldness • treelessness ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bobbed hair • baldness • young girl attendant of a high-class prostitute ‖ bald ‖ (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) SoftBank (telecommunications company based in Japan) • (Internet slang, sometimes derogatory, sometimes offensive) Masayoshi Son
|
禿 • (dok) · 禿 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
|
Bald
|
|
|
禿
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| 秘
|
In current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mpriɡs) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 必 (OC *pliɡ). \ Variant (俗字) of 祕 via 示 → 禾. \ Read mì instead of bì in Mandarin as a result of conflation with 密 (mì) (c.f. 秘密 (mìmì)) (Fu, 1958).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pijH
|
secret; undisclosed; confidential • mysterious; abstruse • rare; scarce; extraordinary • to keep as a secret • to block • Short for 秘書／秘书 (mìshū, “secretary”). • Short for 秘魯／秘鲁 (Bìlǔ, “Peru”). • a surname
|
|
secret; confidential
|
秘 • (bi) · 秘 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : bí
|
|
秘
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| 秣
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mat
|
|
|
feed • fodder
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秣 • (mal) · 秣 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : mạt
|
|
秣
|
| 称
|
Simplified from 穪 (爾 → 尔), where 穪 is corrupted from 稱. It was found in various moveable type copies of classical novels. First attested in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930 that records unorthodox forms (俗字 (súzì)) that have existed since the Song dynasty. \ Adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme.
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|
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‖ 称(しょう) • (shō)
|
appellation • praise ‖ name; reputation
|
称 • (ching) · 称 • (ching) (hangeul 칭, revised ching, McCune–Reischauer ch'ing, Yale ching)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : xưng • Hán-Nôm : hấng • Hán-Nôm : xứng
|
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称
|
| 稅
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sywejH
|
tax; revenue; duty • (Hakka, Southern Min) to rent • (informal, slang, often passive) to tax • a surname: Shui
|
|
tax
|
稅 (eumhun 세금 세 (segeum se))
|
hanja form of 세 (“tax”)
|
Hán-Nôm : thuế
|
|
稅
|
| 稈
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuáinn • Middle-Chinese : kanX
|
stalk (of grain); straw
|
‖ 稈(かん) • (kan)
|
dried up stalk • straw ‖ (botany) culm
|
稈 (eum 간 (gan))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : cán
|
|
稈
|
| 稔
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯːm) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 念 (OC *nɯːms). \ ; “year” ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nam⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nyimX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹
|
year • (of crops, grains) to ripen; ripe; mature; fully-grown • Classifier for number of crops grown in a year: crop; harvest • to accumulate in the course of time; to collect; to pile up • to be familiar with; to know • usually; normally • beautiful • Alternative form of 飪／饪 (rèn, “to steam (till cooked)”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 棯 (nim1, “rose myrtle”)
|
‖ 稔(みのる) • (Minoru)
|
‖ a male given name
|
稔 • (im, yeom) · 稔 • (im, yeom) (hangeul 임, 염, revised im, yeom, McCune–Reischauer im, yŏm, Yale im, yem)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nhẫm • Hán-Nôm : nậm • Hán-Nôm : nẫm
|
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稔
|
| 稜
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːŋ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līng • Middle-Chinese : long
|
arris; edge; corner • corrugation; ridge on an object • prestige; might
|
|
angle • edge
|
稜 • (reung>neung) · 稜 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
|
|
|
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稜
|
| 稟
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㐭 (“granary”) + 禾 (“grain”) meaning "to gift grain". ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 㐭 (“granary”) + 禾 (“grain”) meaning "to gift grain".
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pín • Hokkien · Tai-lo : píng • Middle-Chinese : pimX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁵
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to bestow; to endow • to receive • to report (to one's superior) ‖ Alternative form of 廩／廪 (“granary; barn”) • Alternative form of 懍／懔 (lǐn, “to fear; to venerate”)
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receive • report, petition
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稟 • (pum, reum) · 稟 • (pum, reum) (hangeul 품, 름, revised pum, reum, McCune–Reischauer p'um, rŭm, Yale phum, rum)
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Hán-Nôm : bẩm • Hán-Nôm : bám • Hán-Nôm : bặm • Hán-Nôm : bẳm • Hán-Nôm : bấm • Hán-Nôm : bụm • Hán-Nôm : lắm
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稟
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| 稷
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Sagart (2008: 134-136) considers it a cognate of Proto-Austronesian *bəCəŋ (“foxtail millet”) as part of the hypothetical Sino-Tibetan-Austronesian language family. Blust (2013: 713), however, finds this comparison unconvincing because of the apparently arbitrary and phonetically unjustified fluctuation between Old Chinese *-k and Proto-Austronesian *-ŋ. \ Cognates of this word are found in a handful of Tibeto-Burman languages, such as Drung tɕɑʔ⁵⁵ (“millet”) and Lhokpu cək (“Setaria italica”) (Sagart, 2008). This etymon should be kept separated from 饎 (OC *kʰljɯs), 芑 (OC *kʰɯʔ) and 穄 (OC *ʔsleds). The first two may belong to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *khrəj (“millet”), while the last one may be related to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *tsap (“millet”), along with Burmese ဆပ် (hcap, “Setaria italica”) and Nuosu ꏹ (jyp, “millet”) (Schuessler, 2007: 299).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Middle-Chinese : tsik
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foxtail millet (Setaria italica) • God of cereals • † minister of agriculture
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‖ 稷(きび) or 稷(キビ) • (kibi)
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‖ Alternative form of 黍
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稷 • (jik) · 稷 • (jik) (hangeul 직, revised jik, McCune–Reischauer chik, Yale cik)
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Hán-Nôm : tắc
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稷
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| 穆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muɡ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 㣎 () – standing grain.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bo̍k • Middle-Chinese : mjuwk
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standing grain • (historical) the right side position of tablets in ancestral shrines • (figurative) right side • reverent; respectful • magnificent and beautiful; majestic • solemn; solemnly silent • calm; mild; gentle • harmonious; peaceful • pure; honest • profound and lasting; far-reaching • Short for 穆罕默德 (Mùhǎnmòdé, “Muhammad”). • Short for 穆斯林 (mùsīlín, “Muslim”). • a surname
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穆 • (mok) · 穆 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok)
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Hán-Nôm : mục
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穆
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| 穌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋaː) : phonetic 魚 (OC *ŋa) + semantic 禾.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ • Middle-Chinese : su
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Alternative form of 蘇／苏 (sū, “perilla; tassel”) • Alternative form of 甦／苏 (sū, “revive; resuscitate; regain consciousness”) • Used in transcription.
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Rare spelling of 蘇: revive, rise again • collect
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穌 • (so) · 穌 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
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Hán-Nôm : tô • Hán-Nôm : to
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穌
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| 穎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷeŋʔ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 頃 (OC *kʰʷeŋ, *kʰʷeŋʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wing⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : íng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ínn • Middle-Chinese : ywengX
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ear of grain • tip • clever; gifted
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‖
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heads of grain • cleverness ‖
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穎 • (yeong) · 穎 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
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Hán-Nôm : dĩnh • Hán-Nôm : dánh • Hán-Nôm : dính • Hán-Nôm : nhảnh • Hán-Nôm : giảnh
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穎
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| 穡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯɡ) : semantic 禾 (“cereal; grain”) + phonetic 嗇 (OC *srɯɡ). Specialization of 嗇 (OC *srɯɡ). \ Probably related to 采 (OC *s.r̥ˤəʔ, “to pluck”) (Baxter, 1992; Sagart, 1999; Baxter and Sagart, 2014). See there for more. \ Schuessler (2007) compares it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *C-šak (“to pluck; to pick (a fruit, etc.)”), as well as Khmer ច្រូត (crout, “to reap; to harvest”). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : srik
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to harvest; to reap • harvest; crops • to plant crops; to cultivate; to work on a farm • ear of grain • (literary or Hokkien) farming; farm labour • (Hokkien) work; labour (in general) • to link together; to connect; to hook together ‖ Alternative form of 嗇／啬 (sè, “to cherish; to not waste”) ‖ Alternative form of 㱇 (“anxious; distressed; sorrowful”)
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harvest
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穡 • (saek) · 穡 • (saek) (hangeul 색, revised saek, McCune–Reischauer saek, Yale sayk)
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farm, harvest grain • stingy
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Hán-Nôm : sắc
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穡
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| 穢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʷads) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 歲 (OC *sqʰʷads, *sqʰʷad).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : èr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè • Middle-Chinese : 'jwojH
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dirty; filthy; unclean • immoral; obscene • (dialectal Hakka, Malaysian Mandarin) disgusting; revolting • (Southern Min) to infect (a person) • (obsolete) overgrown with weeds
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穢 • (ye) · 穢 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
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Hán-Nôm : uế
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穢
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| 穩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : 'wonX
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stable; firm; steady • steady; reliable • to make stable; to stabilize; to calm • sure; certain • (slang, neologism) excellent; amazing; fantastic
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Kyūjitai form of 穏: calm, quiet; moderation
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穩 (eumhun 편안할 온 (pyeonanhal on))
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hanja form of 온 (“peaceful”)
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Hán-Nôm : ổn • Hán-Nôm : ủn • Hán-Nôm : ón • Hán-Nôm : ỏn • Hán-Nôm : ỉn
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穩
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| 穹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷɯŋ) : semantic 穴 + phonetic 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : khjuwng
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(literary) elevated and arched • (literary) sky • (literary) deep • (literary) high and vast • to fill up; to exhaust
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high arching vault • sky
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穹 (eumhun 하늘 궁 (haneul gung))
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(literary) hanja form of 궁 (“sky; heaven”) • (literary) hanja form of 궁 (“arched”)
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canonical : 穹: Hán Việt readings: khung • canonical : khum 穹: Nôm readings: khum • canonical : khung • canonical : cùng
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chữ Hán form of khung (“sky”). • Nôm form of khung (“border; frame”). • Nôm form of khum (“curved; convex”).
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穹
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| 窃
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to steal • secret, private
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窃
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| 窈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 幼 (OC *qrɯws).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : 'ewX
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(literary) profound; far-reaching • (literary) dim; gloomy
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窈 (eum 요 (yo))
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窈
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| 窓
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‖ 窓(まど) • (mado) ‖ 窓(まど) • (Mado)
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‖ window • (regional, dialect, Etchū region) a deep gap in a mountain ridge (so called for the way the wind blows through, like a window) • マド: (investing) on a candlestick chart, a gap in day-to-day candlesticking caused by a marked increase or decrease in the price of a security, derivative, currency, or other investment ‖ (Internet slang, dated) Windows (an operating system)
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窓 (eumhun 창문 창 (changmun chang))
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hanja form of 창 (“window”)
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Hán-Nôm : song
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窓
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| 窕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːwʔ) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 兆 (OC *l'ewʔ). \ Possibly cognate to 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) (Schuessler, 2007)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : diu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiáu • Middle-Chinese : dewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠ
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Used in 窈窕 (yǎotiǎo). • to bore, to perforate • gap; unfilled space • unfilled • false; superficial • small ‖ Alternative form of 姚 (yáo) ‖ Alternative form of 佻
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窕 • (jo) · 窕 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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窕
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| 窠
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Middle-Chinese : khwa
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bird's nest in cave; nest • (literary) simple dwelling • (literary) empty space; pit; hole • Alternative form of 棵 (“classifier for plants”)
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nest • hole • indentation • den
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窠 (eum 과 (gwa))
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nest • hole • indentation • den
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窠
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| 窩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːl) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo
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nest • nest · thing or place resembling a nest • cave; den • (figurative) hiding place • depression; pit; dimple; socket • to bend • to be choked (with emotion) • to hide something; to cause something to not be found • to lay idle • (colloquial) to stay (in a place) • Classifier for litter; brood. • (Internet slang) Eye dialect spelling of 我 (wǒ, “I; me”).
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cave • pouch
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窩 • (wa) · 窩 • (wa) (hangeul 와)
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a dugout hut • nest • cave
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Hán-Nôm : oa
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窩
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| 窪
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua • Middle-Chinese : 'wae
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hollow; low-lying; sunken • depression; low-lying area • to sink
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depression • cave in • sink • become hollow
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窪 (eum 와 (wa))
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canonical : 窪: Hán Việt readings: oa
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chữ Hán form of oa (“hollow; pit; depression; swamp”).
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窪
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| 窺
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khjwie
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to peep
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窺 • (gyu) · 窺 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
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Hán-Nôm : khuy
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窺
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| 竄
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鼠 (“mouse”) + 穴 (“hole”) – to hide in a hole.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tshwanH • Middle-Chinese : tshwan
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(now derogatory) to flee; to go in exile • (literary) to exile; to banish • (literary) to hide • (literary, or in compounds) to revise; to edit • (neologism, officialese, derogatory) Short for 竄訪／窜访 (cuànfǎng) • a surname: Cuan
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escape, run away • encroach • alter a document
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竄 • (chan) · 竄 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)
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Hán-Nôm : thoán
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竄
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| 竅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ). \ Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu • Middle-Chinese : khewH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò
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hole, aperture • idea; knack; key (to a problem) ‖ (Hokkien) magic; sorcery
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竅 • (gyu) · 竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
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竅
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| 竇
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : duwH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³
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hole; burrow • (anatomy) cavity; sinus • a surname ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) nest; den • (Cantonese, Hakka, colloquial) home • (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, colloquial) hideout
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竇 (eum 두 (du))
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Hán-Nôm : đậu
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竇
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| 竺
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Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ) : phonetic 𥫗 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 二 ― thick. ‖ Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tuːɡ, *tuːɡ, *tuɡ) : phonetic 𥫗 (OC *tuɡ) + semantic 二 ― thick.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tuwk • Middle-Chinese : towk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiok • Middle-Chinese : trjuwk
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Original form of 篤／笃 (dǔ, “thick; sincere; serious”). • Alternative form of 毒 (“to loathe; to detest”) • (historical) An ancient placename. ‖ (obsolete) bamboo • Short for 天竺 (Tiānzhú, “India”). • (by extension) relating to India or Buddhism; Buddhist • Name of a mountain in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province. • (historical, music) Name of an ancient musical instrument. • a surname, commonly adopted by early Buddhist monks.
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‖ 竺(あつし) • (Atsushi)
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bamboo • hearty, sincere, warm, thick • used in an ancient name of India ‖ a male given name
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竺 • (chuk, dok) · 竺 • (chuk, dok) (hangeul 축, 독, revised chuk, dok, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, tok, Yale chwuk, tok)
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canonical : 竺: Hán Việt readings: trúc • canonical : đốc 竺: Nôm readings: trúc
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chữ Hán form of Trúc (“former short name of India (天竺, Thiên Trúc), a surname”). • Alternative form of 篤 (“chữ Hán form of đốc (“honest”).”)
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竺
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| 竽
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hju
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(historical) the yu, a wind instrument used in ancient China
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‖ 竽(う) • (u)
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‖ a woodwind instrument introduced to Japan from China during the Nara period, similar to a 笙 (shō, “a kind of free-reed woodwind instrument”), but larger and one octave lower in pitch
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竽 (eumhun 피리 우 (piri u))
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flute • chief
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Hán-Nôm : vu
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竽
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| 笆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praː, *braːʔ) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 巴 (OC *praː). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g/s-pʷa (“bamboo”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo rua (“bamboo”), Tibetan སྤ (spa, “cane; bamboo”), Burmese ဝါး (wa:, “bamboo”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa • Middle-Chinese : pae • Middle-Chinese : baeX
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bamboo fence
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笆 (eum 파 (pa))
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Hán-Nôm : ba
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笆
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| 笞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhi
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whip used for corporal punishment
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whip
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笞 • (tae) · 笞 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
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whip
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笞
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| 笠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rɯb) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb). \ Compare Proto-Tai *klɤpᴰ (“bamboo hat”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : le̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lerē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍p • Middle-Chinese : lip ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lap¹
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Asian conical hat ‖ (Cantonese, Nanning Pinghua, Leizhou Min) basket (made from interwoven bamboo strips) • (Cantonese, Leizhou Min) to cover (with); to slip on • (Cantonese) to flatter; to fool
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‖ 笠(かさ) • (kasa)
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Asian conical hat ‖ Asian conical hat
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笠 (eumhun 삿갓 립 (satgat rip), word-initial (South Korea) 삿갓 입 (satgat ip))
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Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lợp • Hán-Nôm : lép • Hán-Nôm : liếp • Hán-Nôm : lụp • Hán-Nôm : rạp • Hán-Nôm : lẹp • Hán-Nôm : lớp • Hán-Nôm : nập • Hán-Nôm : rập • Hán-Nôm : sập • Hán-Nôm : sệp • Hán-Nôm : sụp • Hán-Nôm : tấp
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笠
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| 筍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰʷinʔ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 旬 (OC *sɢʷin). ‖ From 順／顺 (seon6, “smooth; successful”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sún • Middle-Chinese : swinX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : seon²
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bamboo shoot • (literary, or in compounds) tender; young • ^† Alternative form of 簨 (sǔn, “horizontal beam on which bells hang”) ‖ (Cantonese, slang) very good; worth it; inexpensive; less costly than its actual value
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bamboo shoot
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筍 • (sun) · 筍 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
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sprout, shoot
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Hán-Nôm : duẫn • Hán-Nôm : sũn • Hán-Nôm : hũn
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筍
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| 筠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷin) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 均 (OC *kʷin). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹
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(literary) skin of bamboo • (literary) bamboo ‖ (historical) Jun prefecture
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|
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筠 • (gyun) · 筠 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)
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筠
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| 筵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lan) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : yen
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(obsolete or in compounds) banquet; feast • (obsolete) bamboo mat • (obsolete) seat
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‖ 筵(むしろ) • (mushiro) ‖ 筵(もしろ) • (moshiro) ‖ 筵(えん) • (en)
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‖ a generic term for a woven mat made out of soft rush, bamboo, straw, or cattail • a seat; also used in public environments • a bed • (regional, Nagasaki, Kumamoto) a tatami mat ‖ (dialectal, Tōhoku, Ishikawa, Izumo) Nonstandard form of むしろ (mushiro) above ‖ a woven mat • a seat; also used in public environments
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筵 • (yeon) · 筵 • (yeon) (hangeul 연, revised yeon, McCune–Reischauer yŏn, Yale yen)
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Hán-Nôm : diên
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筵
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| 箏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsreang
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zither
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‖ 箏(こと) • (koto) ‖ 箏(そう) • (sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(そう) • (Sō) ^(←さう (sau)?) ‖ 箏(しょう) • (shō) ^(←しやう (syau)?)
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‖ koto: a Japanese zither derived from the Chinese guzheng • (colloquial) guzheng: a Chinese zither where the koto was based on ‖ a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither) ‖ a surname ‖ (possibly obsolete) a guzheng, zheng (Chinese zither), where the koto was based on
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箏 • (jaeng) · 箏 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
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canonical : 箏: Hán Việt readings: tranh 箏: Nôm readings: giành • canonical : tranh
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zither (e.g., đàn tranh)
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箏
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| 箔
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From 薄 (bó).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍h • Middle-Chinese : bak
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foil; tinsel • foil paper burnt as offerings to the dead • screen made of reeds or sorghum stalks • bamboo tray for raising silkworms
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‖ 箔(はく) • (haku)
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‖ foil, leaf
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箔 • (bak) · 箔 • (bak) (hangeul 박, revised bak, McCune–Reischauer pak, Yale pak)
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romanization : bạc
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箔
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| 箝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡram) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 拑 (OC *ɡram)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjem
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|
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insert • fit into • attach (a clog thong)
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箝 • (gyeom) · 箝 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
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tweezers • pliers • tongs • pincers
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|
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箝
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| 箴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjɯm) : semantic 𥫗 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm) – a bamboo needle, probe. \ Same word as 針 (OC *kjum). See there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tserm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsom • Middle-Chinese : tsyim
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to admonish; to warn • Alternative form of 針／针 (zhēn, “needle; probe”)
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|
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箴 • (jam) · 箴 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
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Hán-Nôm : châm • Hán-Nôm : giăm • Hán-Nôm : dăm • Hán-Nôm : giằm
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箴
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| 篁
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
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(literary) bamboo forest; bamboo grove • (literary) bamboo
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‖ 篁(たかむら) • (Takamura)
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bamboo grove ‖ a surname
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篁 • (hwang) · 篁 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
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bamboo grove
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|
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篁
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| 篆
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuǎn • Middle-Chinese : drjwenX
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seal script • seal, official stamp
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‖ 篆(てん) • (ten)
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seal script ‖ seal script
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篆 • (jeon) · 篆 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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Hán-Nôm : triện • Hán-Nôm : chệnh • Hán-Nôm : chệ • Hán-Nôm : triển
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篆
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| 篙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːw) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ko • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kaw
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bamboo pole used for punting boats • a surname
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pole used for punting boats
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篙 • (go) · 篙 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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a punting pole • (boat) oar
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|
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篙
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| 篩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sai¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai • Middle-Chinese : srij
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sieve; strainer; sifter • to sift; to strain • (dated) to pour (a drink) • (dated) to warm up (an alcoholic beverage) • (colloquial) to strike (a gong) • (literary) to rain
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|
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篩 • (sa) · 篩 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
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|
|
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篩
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| 篾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːd) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + abbreviated phonetic 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mit⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍h • Middle-Chinese : met
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bamboo strips, splints or slats • strips of reed or plant stalks (especially sorghum stalk) • made using strips of bamboo, reed or stalk
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|
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篾 • (myeol) · 篾 • (myeol) (hangeul 멸, revised myeol, McCune–Reischauer myŏl, Yale myel)
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|
|
篾 (miệt, miết, giá, vạt)
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篾
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| 簍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *roːʔ, *roʔ) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lió • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luw • Middle-Chinese : ljuX • Middle-Chinese : luwX
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(bamboo) basket • Classifier for things in a basket.
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|
|
|
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簍
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| 簞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daan¹ • Middle-Chinese : tan
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a bamboo utensil for holding cooked rice; a basket
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small bamboo basket for holding
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簞 (eumhun 대광주리 단 (daegwangjuri dan))
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a bamboo basket
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|
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簞
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| 簣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰruːds, *ɡruds) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 貴 (OC *kluds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH • Middle-Chinese : khweajH
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bamboo basket for carrying earth
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|
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Hán-Nôm : gùi
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簣
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| 簪
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsim • Middle-Chinese : tsrim • Middle-Chinese : tsom
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hairpin; clasp • to wear in one's hair
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‖ 簪(かんざし) • (kanzashi)
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ornamental hairpin ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles
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簪 • (jam) · 簪 • (jam) (hangeul 잠, revised jam, McCune–Reischauer cham, Yale cam)
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Hán-Nôm : trâm • Hán-Nôm : trám • Hán-Nôm : trắm
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簪
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| 簫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯːw) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sew
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(music) xiao, a vertical, notched, end-blown bamboo flute used since ancient times in Chinese traditional and classical music • (music, historical) paixiao; panpipes • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min) transverse flute • a surname: Xiao
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‖ 簫(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
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‖ xiao, a vertically blown Chinese flute
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簫 • (so) · 簫 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
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Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tiu
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簫
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| 簷
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|
|
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簷 • (cheom) · 簷 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
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|
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簷
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| 簽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *skʰlam) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam
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to sign; to endorse • slip of paper • Alternative form of 籤／签 (qiān)
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label, signature
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簽 • (cheom) · 簽 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
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Hán-Nôm : thiêm • Hán-Nôm : kiểm • Hán-Nôm : tiêm • Hán-Nôm : xâm
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簽
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| 簾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 竹 + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : ljem
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hanging screen; curtain; blind
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|
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簾 (eumhun 발 렴 (bal ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 발 염 (bal yeom))
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hanja form of 렴/염 (“blind; curtain”)
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Hán-Nôm : liêm
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簾
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| 籃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâm • Middle-Chinese : lam
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basket • (sports) ring; basket (in basketball) • (sports) basketball (sport) • Classifier for baskets.
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|
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籃 • (ram>nam) · 籃 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
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Hán-Nôm : lam • Hán-Nôm : xờm • Hán-Nôm : làn • Hán-Nôm : xớm
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籃
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| 籌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *du) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 壽 (OC *djuʔ, *djus).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
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chip; tally; token • plan; stratagem; means • to plan; to prepare • to raise (money, funds, etc.) • (archaic) Classifier for persons. • (Cantonese) ticket for a queue
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|
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籌 • (ju) · 籌 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
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Hán-Nôm : trù
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籌
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| 籟
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lajH
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ancient wind instrument made with bamboo pipes • Synonym of 簫／箫 (xiāo, “xiao”) • sound; noise
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rattling of the wind
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籟 • (roe>noe) · 籟 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
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Hán-Nôm : lới • Hán-Nôm : lài
|
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籟
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| 籤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰem) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Middle-Chinese : tshjem
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inscribed bamboo slips used for divination or drawing lots; (in general) lot • slender pointed piece of wood • sticker; marker; label
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‖ 籤(くじ) • (kuji)
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‖ lottery
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籤 (eumhun 제비 첨 (jebi cheom))
|
hanja form of 첨 (“lottery”)
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Hán-Nôm : thiêm • Hán-Nôm : tiêm
|
|
籤
|
| 籬
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rel) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 離 (OC *reːls, *rel, *rels)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : lje
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fence made of bamboo or branches • Used in 笊籬／笊篱 (zhàoli, “strainer”). • (Cantonese) sieve; spider skimmer
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‖ 籬(かき) • (kaki) · 籬(まがき) • (magaki) · 籬(ませ) • (mase)
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‖ Alternative form of 垣 • roughly woven fence • a short fence • a divider in theaters
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籬 (eum 리 (ri), word-initial (South Korea) 이 (i))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : li
|
|
籬
|
| 籮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 竹 (“bamboo”) + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl). \ Compare Mizo hrai (“basket for measuring rice”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luâ • Middle-Chinese : la
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bamboo basket
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|
|
|
|
|
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籮
|
| 籲
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *los) : phonetic 籥 (OC *lowɢ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yuH
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to appeal; to plead; to call
|
|
to appeal or plead
|
籲 (eum 유 (yu))
|
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Hán-Nôm : dụ • Hán-Nôm : hu
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|
籲
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| 粘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nem) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – glutinous, sticky rice.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Middle-Chinese : nrjem
|
to adhere; to stick • a surname
|
|
sticky, glutinous • to stick to, to cling to • to persevere
|
粘 (eumhun 붙을 점 (buteul jeom))
|
hanja form of 점 (“sticky”)
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Hán-Nôm : niêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm • Hán-Nôm : dính
|
|
粘
|
| 粧
|
|
|
|
|
cosmetics
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粧 • (jang) · 粧 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chang • Hán-Nôm : trang
|
|
粧
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| 粳
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kaeng
|
non-glutinous rice
|
|
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粳 • (gaeng) · 粳 • (gaeng) (hangeul 갱, revised gaeng, McCune–Reischauer kaeng, Yale kayng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : canh
|
|
粳
|
| 粵
|
A specialization of 雩 (OC *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla) by modification of 雨 (Chi, 2010). \ Shuowen interprets it as an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 宷 + 亏. \ Related to 越 (OC *ɢʷad, “Yue; Viet”). See there for more. ‖ Related to the particles 曰 (OC *ɢʷad) and 越 (OC *ɢʷad). Smith (2012) proposes this to be derived from the prepositional phrase *于之 (OC *ɢʷa tjɯ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Middle-Chinese : hjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwot ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hjwot
|
(historical) Yue people; Baiyue people • Guangdong • Guangdong and Guangxi • Short for 粵語／粤语 (yuèyǔ, “Cantonese”). • (informal, punning) Alternative form of 越 (“more”), usually in reference to the Cantonese language. ‖ A particle. · Used in the beginning of a clause to express a prudent tone. • A particle. · Used in the middle of a clause. ‖ generous; favourable
|
|
|
粵 (eumhun 말이 내킬 월 (mari naekil wol))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : việt
|
|
粵
|
| 粹
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suì • Middle-Chinese : swijH
|
pure; unadulterated • essence
|
|
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粹 • (su) · 粹 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
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粹
|
| 粽
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). \ First attested in Fengsu Tongyi (195). Bencao Gangmu claimed it was derived from 棕 (zōng, “palm tree”) due to similar shapes of zongzi and palm tree leaves.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng • Middle-Chinese : tsuwngH
|
zongzi (dumpling made of glutinous rice, wrapped in leaves) (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|
‖ 粽(ちまき) • (chimaki) ‖ 粽(ちまき) • (Chimaki)
|
rice dumplings steamed in bamboo leaves ‖ a rice cake or dumpling wrapped in bamboo leaves • zongzi • (Buddhism, architecture) Short for 粽形 (chimaki-gata): a Zen-style pillar with rounded edges on the top and bottom parts ‖ a surname
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粽 • (jong) · 粽 • (jong) (hangeul 종, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
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Hán-Nôm : tông • Hán-Nôm : tống
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粽
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| 糜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mral) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 米 (“rice”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bêr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai • Middle-Chinese : mje ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴
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mushy; rotten • to waste; to spend extravagantly • to damage • a surname ‖ (literary or Hakka, Southern Min, dialectal Eastern Min, Shehua) congee • (Fuzhou Eastern Eastern Min) thick congee (with less water than 粥) • (Hainanese) cooked rice (general term, including congee) • (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) meal • congee-like substance; viscous substance; paste ‖ proso millet (especially non-sticky varieties) • type of millet that is not sticky See also: 穄子
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糜 • (mi) · 糜 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
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Hán-Nôm : mi
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糜
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| 糞
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Oracle bone: pictogram (象形) : 3 dots + 𠀠 + 廾 + optional 帚 (zhǒu). \ Small seal: pictogram (象形) : 釆 + 𠦒 + 廾. \ The current glyph is from the small seal script. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brun (“excrement”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲུན (brun, “dung”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : fan³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Middle-Chinese : pjunH
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excrement; faeces; dung • manure • (literary, or in compounds) to apply manure to • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away
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‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (kuso-) ‖ 糞(くそ) • (-kuso) ‖ 糞(ふん) or 糞(フン) • (fun) ‖ 糞(ばば) • (baba)
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‖ (colloquial) feces, excrement • (by extension) shit, crap, garbage, trash ‖ (often vulgar) shit, crap ‖ (derogatory) pejorative prefix ‖ crappy, for shit: a derogatory emphasizing suffix. ‖ droppings, dung ‖ (childish) poopoo, poop, dookie • (childish) something unclean
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糞 (eumhun 똥 분 (ttong bun))
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hanja form of 분 (“dung”)
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Hán-Nôm : phẩn • Hán-Nôm : phân
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糞
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| 糢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴
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Alternative form of 饃／馍 (mó)
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糢 • (mo) · 糢 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
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糢
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| 糸
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Pictogram (象形) : a skein of silk.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mek
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thin silk • A length unit, equal to the width of five parallel threads of silk.
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‖ 糸(いと) • (ito)
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‖ thread
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糸 (eumhun 가는 실 멱 (ganeun sil myeok))
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糸
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| 紂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duʔ) : semantic 糹 + abbreviated phonetic 肘 (OC *tkuʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjuwX
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King Zhou of the Shang dynasty • (archaic) crupper (part of a saddle or carriage attachment)
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紂 (eum 주 (ju))
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紂
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| 紇
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hot • Middle-Chinese : het
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inferior silk • tassel • fringe
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紇 (eum 흘 (heul))
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to bind, tie • inferior silk
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紇
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| 紉
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lín • Middle-Chinese : nrin
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to string; to thread (needles) • to sew; to stitch • (literary) to esteem highly
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紉
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| 紐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niú • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX
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button (Classifier: 粒 c) • handle; knob • pivot; hub • a surname • transliteration for "New" in place names; e.g. 紐約／纽约 (Niǔyuē), 紐西蘭／纽西兰 (Niǔxīlán).
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紐 • (nyu>yu) · 紐 • (nyu>yu) (hangeul 뉴>유, revised nyu>yu, McCune–Reischauer nyu>yu, Yale nyu>yu)
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紐
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| 紕
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pai¹ • Middle-Chinese : phjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjie
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‖
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紕 • (bi) · 紕 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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紕
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| 紗
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sa • Hokkien · Tai-lo : se • Hokkien · Tai-lo : see • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua • Middle-Chinese : srae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ
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yarn • gauze; sheer • muslin (a lightweight cotton cloth in a plain weave; or thin fabric made of silk or linen) ‖ Alternative form of 眇 (miǎo, “small; tiny; minute”)
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‖ 紗(うすぎぬ) • (usuginu)
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silk gauze • gossamer ‖ Alternative spelling of 薄絹 (“sheer silk”)
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紗 • (sa) · 紗 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
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紗
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| 紜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢun) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 云 (OC *ɢun)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjun
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numerous and disorderly
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disorder • confusion
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紜 • (un) · 紜 • (un) (hangeul 운)
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紜
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| 紮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːd) : phonetic 札 (OC *sqriːd) + semantic 糸. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːd) : phonetic 札 (OC *sqriːd) + semantic 糸.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat • Middle-Chinese : tsreat ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat
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to tie; to bind • (regional) Classifier for objects put into a bundle: bundle • (Mainland China Hokkien) to raise; to lift up (curtain, clothing, etc.) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to guide and support (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to wrap up; to bind up; to pack • (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to carry; to bring along (on one's person, originally on one's waist) ‖ (military) to be stationed; to be quartered (of troops) • (Cantonese) to be promoted (in rank or position)
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紮 (eum 찰 (chal))
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紮
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| 紼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fat¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjut
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large rope (for pulling a coffin) • Alternative form of 紱／绂 (fú)
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large rope • rope attached to bier
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紼 (eum 불 (bul))
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동아줄 (dong'ajul, “rope”)
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紼
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| 絀
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Middle-Chinese : trwit
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insufficient • deep red • sew; stitch • Alternative form of 黜 (chù, “to dismiss”)
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sew • stitch • insufficient
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絀 • (chul) · 絀 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul)
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decline, refuse • sew
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絀
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| 絆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːns) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 半 (OC *paːns).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : bun⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bun³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puànn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puǎnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puānn • Middle-Chinese : panH
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fetter; shackle • to fetter; to shackle • to trip; to stumble • to hinder; to restrain • (figuratively) trap • (Eastern Min) to be annoying
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‖ 絆(きずな) or 絆(キズナ) • (kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(きずな) • (Kizuna) ^(←きづな (kiduna)?) ‖ 絆(ほだし) • (hodashi) ‖ 絆(ふもだし) • (fumodashi)
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ties, bonds • fetters ‖ a bond (emotional link or connection), tie • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away; a fetter ‖ a female given name ‖ what binds human mind and behavior from freedom; an obstacle to freedom • a rope used to bind a horse, for example, as not to get away • fetters, shackles ‖ a rope used to bind a horse's foot, as not to get away; a fetter
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絆 (eumhun 얽어맬 반 (eolgeomael ban))
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hanja form of 반 (“bond”)
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|
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絆
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| 絢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiàn • Middle-Chinese : xwenH
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brilliant; gorgeous; effulgent • to shine • to embellish; to adorn • to dazzle
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絢 • (hyeon) · 絢 • (hyeon) (hangeul 현, revised hyeon, McCune–Reischauer hyŏn, Yale hyen)
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絢
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| 絨
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; “ronto-”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiông • Middle-Chinese : nyuwng
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silk, cotton, or woolen fabric • velvet • (Taiwan) ronto- (SI unit prefix)
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wool cloth
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絨 • (yung) · 絨 • (yung) (hangeul 융, revised yung, McCune–Reischauer yung, Yale yung)
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絨
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| 綁
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : páng
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to bind; to tie; to fasten
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|
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綁
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| 綏
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snul) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 妥 (OC *n̥ʰoːlʔ, “to comfort”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sui • Middle-Chinese : swij
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(literary) cord held when mounting a carriage • (literary) to pacify; to placate • (historical) Short for 綏遠／绥远 (Suíyuǎn, “Suiyuan province”).
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綏 • (yu, su) · 綏 • (yu, su) (hangeul 유, 수, revised yu, su, McCune–Reischauer yu, su, Yale yu, swu)
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Hán-Nôm : tuy • Hán-Nôm : nối
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綏
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| 綑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuːnʔ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 困 (OC *kʰuːns).
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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綑
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| 綜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsuːŋs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsowngH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : tsowngH
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to put together; to assemble; to gather • to synthesize; to sum up • to manage; to administer • to be proficient in • Classifier for threads or hairs: strand • to become crumpled; to crease ‖ heddle (on a loom)
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rule • synthesize
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綜 • (jong) · 綜 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
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Hán-Nôm : tổng • Hán-Nôm : tống
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綜
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| 綞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do² • Middle-Chinese : twaX
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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綞
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| 綢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰuːw, *dɯw) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 周 (OC *tjɯw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Middle-Chinese : thaw • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
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silk cloth; satin damask • to bind; to wind around; to wrap around
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|
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綢 • (ju, jo, do) · 綢 • (ju, jo, do) (hangeul 주, 조, 도)
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|
Hán-Nôm : trù • Hán-Nôm : điều
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綢
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| 綰
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : 'waenX • Middle-Chinese : 'waenH
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to tie; to knot; to bind together, to coil up • ^† to control
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|
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綰 • (gwan) · 綰 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
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Hán-Nôm : oản • Hán-Nôm : quán
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綰
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| 綴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod) ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuè ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Middle-Chinese : trjwet
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to stitch up • to connect; to join • to decorate ‖ (Southern Min) to follow • (Southern Min) to imitate ‖ Alternative form of 輟／辍 (“to stop”)
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to spell • compose • bind (books) • write
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綴 (eumhun 엮을 철 (yeokkeul cheol))
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hanja form of 철 (“to connect; to join”) • hanja form of 철 (“to spell”)
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Hán-Nôm : chuỗi • Hán-Nôm : chuế • Hán-Nôm : xuyết
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綴
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| 綵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯːʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk; thread”) + phonetic 采 (OC *sʰɯːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coi² • Middle-Chinese : tshojX
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varicolored silk • variegated color or decorative pattern • Alternative form of 彩 (cǎi)
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colorful
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綵 • (chae) · 綵 • (chae) (hangeul 채, revised chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, Yale chay)
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romanization : thải • romanization : giẻ • romanization : thái
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綵
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| 綸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːn, *ɡ·run) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kruːn, *ɡ·run) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 侖 (OC *run).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lwin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwean
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cyan ribbon • fishing line • thick rope • emperor's order • silk thread • to govern • wide • a place in Henan • Alternative term for 倫／伦 (lún). • a surname ‖ a kind of marine plant • see 綸巾／纶巾 (guānjīn)
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|
twine • fishing line
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綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) · 綸 • (ryun>yun, gwan) (hangeul 륜>윤, 관, revised ryun>yun, gwan, McCune–Reischauer ryun>yun, kwan, Yale lyun>yun, kwan)
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|
|
|
綸
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| 綺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰralʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 奇 (OC *kral, *ɡral)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji² • Middle-Chinese : khjeX
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woven silk • beautiful, gorgeous
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|
|
綺 • (gi) · 綺 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : khỉ • Hán-Nôm : ỷ • Hán-Nôm : khởi
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|
綺
|
| 綽
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tsyhak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ
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(literary) ample; spacious ‖ to grab
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|
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綽 • (jak) · 綽 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
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|
Hán-Nôm : xước
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|
綽
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| 綾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯŋ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 夌 (OC *rɯŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : ling
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a thin type of silk fabric resembling satin; damask
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|
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綾 • (reung>neung) · 綾 • (reung>neung) (hangeul 릉>능, revised reung>neung, McCune–Reischauer rŭng>nŭng, Yale lung>nung)
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|
Hán-Nôm : trăng
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|
綾
|
| 緇
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緇 (OC *tsrə) "black < color of burnt soil?", possibly same word as 菑 (OC *tsrə) "field cleared by slash and burn" (Schuessler, 2007). See there for etymology.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsri
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(literary) to blacken • (literary) black
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|
|
緇 • (chi) · 緇 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
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|
|
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緇
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| 緘
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Middle-Chinese : keam
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seal
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‖ 緘(かん) • (kan) ‖ 緘(かん) • (kan)
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‖ shut; close; seal ‖ seam; seal (of an envelope) • writing on the seal of an envelope
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緘 • (ham) · 緘 • (ham) (hangeul 함)
|
seal, close • bind • letter
|
|
|
緘
|
| 緝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰib) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰib) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Middle-Chinese : tship ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ
|
to seize; to arrest; to chase after; to pursue (someone) • to weave hempen thread • to hem clothing ‖ to sew in close stitches
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|
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緝 • (jip, jeup) · 緝 • (jip, jeup) (hangeul 집, 즙, revised jip, jeup, McCune–Reischauer chip, chŭp, Yale cip, cup)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tập
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|
緝
|
| 緞
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuān • Middle-Chinese : dwanX
|
satin
|
|
|
緞 • (dan, ha) · 緞 • (dan, ha) (hangeul 단, 하, revised dan, ha, McCune–Reischauer tan, ha, Yale tan, ha)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : đoạn
|
|
緞
|
| 緬
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *menʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 面 (OC *mens).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biān • Middle-Chinese : mjienX
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distant, remote • Short for 緬甸／缅甸 (Miǎndiàn, “Myanmar, Burma”).
|
|
fine thread • Abbreviation of 緬甸 (Menden, Biruma): Burma (Myanmar)
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緬 • (myeon) · 緬 • (myeon) (hangeul 면)
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|
Hán-Nôm : miễn • Hán-Nôm : mén • Hán-Nôm : diến • Hán-Nôm : miến • Hán-Nôm : rịn
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|
緬
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| 縈
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'jwieng
|
(literary) to entangle; to wind around
|
|
entangle • entwine, coil
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縈 • (yeong) · 縈 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
entangle • entwine, coil
|
|
|
縈
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| 縑
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gim¹ • Middle-Chinese : kem
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|
|
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縑 • (gyeom) · 縑 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
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|
|
|
縑
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| 縲
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî
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|
|
|
縲 • (ryu>yu) · 縲 • (ryu>yu) (hangeul 류>유, revised ryu>yu, McCune–Reischauer ryu>yu, Yale lyu>yu)
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|
|
|
縲
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| 縷
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Middle-Chinese : ljuX
|
thread • detailed, precise • Classifier for wisps, threads, or strands.
|
|
thread
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縷 • (ru>nu) · 縷 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
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|
Hán-Nôm : lũ • Hán-Nôm : lụa • Hán-Nôm : lú • Hán-Nôm : lẫu
|
silk thread (see lụa) • silky (see lụa)
|
縷
|
| 繃
|
‖ ‖ ‖ Some compounds are attested at least since Ming dynasty. May be related to 綁／绑 (bǎng) (in 緊綁綁／紧绑绑) used in Yuan era plays. \ Mandarin dialects generally use reduplicated 邦 (bāng) instead (e.g. in 硬邦邦 (yìngbāngbāng)), also spelled 梆 (bāng) or 幫／帮 (bāng). See also Hokkien 迸 (piàng) (in 硬迸迸 (ngē-piàng-piàng), 緊迸迸／紧迸迸 (kín-piàng-piàng), etc.). \ ;very; terribly
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : penn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : png • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ping • Middle-Chinese : peang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bang¹
|
to stretch; to draw firmly; to strap • to brace; to taut • (of an object) to spring up; to bounce • (literary, or in compounds, crafts) embroidery frame • (literary, or in compounds) bed frame • sling, piece of cloth used to carry a baby on one's back • (dialectal) to swindle; to cheat • (Internet slang) Short for 繃不住／绷不住 (bēngbùzhù, “to burst out laughing”). ‖ to strain one's muscles • to pull one's face • (Cantonese) to stretch, to set up (a mosquito net, a banner, etc) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 掹 (“to pull”) ‖ (chiefly Beijing and Southwestern Mandarin, Jin) to split open; to crack; alternative form of 迸 (bèng) ‖ (chiefly Wu, Cantonese, dialectal Mandarin, in reduplication) intensifier used in ideophones • (Wu, Xiang, dialectal Mandarin) very; terribly
|
|
|
繃 • (bung) · 繃 • (bung) (hangeul 붕, revised bung, McCune–Reischauer pung, Yale pung)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : banh • Hán-Nôm : băng • Hán-Nôm : bắng
|
|
繃
|
| 繅
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sou¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsawX
|
to reel silk from the cocoon ‖ Alternative form of 璪 (zǎo, “silk pendant strung with jade and hung from a crown as an ornament”)
|
|
draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions
|
繅 • (so) · 繅 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
draw • reel silk from cocoons • elegant compositions
|
|
|
繅
|
| 繆
|
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : mjuw • Middle-Chinese : mjiw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjiwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mau⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : muk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : mjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ
|
ten bundles of hemp • a type of silk • Used in 綢繆／绸缪 (chóumóu). ‖ to deceive; to feign • (obsolete) different • (alt. form 謬／谬) error; mistake • (alt. form 謬／谬) erroneous; mistaken ‖ a surname ‖ to interlock • thin • Alternative form of 糾／纠 • Alternative form of 摎 ‖ Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “reverent; solemn”) • Alternative form of 穆 (mù, “right side position of ancestral tablets in ancestral shrines”) ‖ Alternative form of 繚／缭 (liáo, “to wind around; to entwine”) ‖ Only used in 繆繆／缪缪. ‖ Only used in 蜩繆／蜩缪. ‖ (alt. form 戮, 勠) to join forces
|
|
error • wrap around
|
繆 • (mu, yu) · 繆 • (mu, yu) (hangeul 무, 유, revised mu, yu, McCune–Reischauer mu, yu, Yale mu, yu)
|
|
|
|
繆
|
| 繚
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāu • Middle-Chinese : lew • Middle-Chinese : lewX • Middle-Chinese : ljewX
|
to entwine; to wind around • to sew with slanting stitches
|
|
twist about • circulate • entangle
|
繚 • (ryo>yo) · 繚 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lèo
|
|
繚
|
| 繞
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjewʔ, *ŋjaws) : semantic 糸 (“rope”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Middle-Chinese : nyewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiáu • Middle-Chinese : nyewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˇ • Middle-Chinese : nyewX
|
to entwine; to wind around; to coil • to confuse ‖ to surround; to encircle • to bypass; to make a detour; to go around ‖ curved; winding • a surname: Rao
|
‖ 繞(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?)
|
surround • return ‖ Chinese character radical that covers the left and bottom of a Chinese character
|
繞 • (yo) · 繞 • (yo) (hangeul 요)
|
|
|
|
繞
|
| 繡
|
Earliest seen in Warring States Period texts. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯwɢs) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù • Middle-Chinese : sjuwH
|
to embroider • with rich and bright colors • gorgeous • embroidered clothing
|
‖
|
‖
|
繡 (eumhun 수놓을 수 (suno'eul su))
|
hanja form of 수 (“embroider”) • hanja form of 수 (“gorgeous”)
|
Hán-Nôm : tú
|
|
繡
|
| 繩
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦbljɯŋ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 黽 (OC *mlenʔ, *mliŋʔ, *mreːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bliŋ (“string; thread; cord”); compare Japhug tɯmbri (“rope”), Burmese အမျှင် (a.hmyang, “string”), Tangut 𘘫 (*bji², “rope”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014; Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019). ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîng • Middle-Chinese : zying ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˋ
|
string; rope (Classifier: 條／条 m c) • (literary) to restrict; to restrain • a surname ‖ Only used in 繩繩／绳绳. ‖
|
|
rope, line
|
繩 (eumhun 노끈 승 (nokkeun seung))
|
hanja form of 승 (“rope; string; cord”) • hanja form of 승 (“measure; restrain”)
|
Hán-Nôm : thằng • Hán-Nôm : thừng • Hán-Nôm : xằng
|
|
繩
|
| 繪
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːbs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 會 (OC *koːbs, *ɡoːbs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːbs) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 會 (OC *koːbs, *ɡoːbs).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Middle-Chinese : hwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ
|
(literary, or in compounds) to draw; to sketch; to paint • (literary, or in compounds) to describe; to portray; to depict • (literary) embroidery with five colors ‖ ^‡ to tie one's hair with various colors
|
|
picture, drawing, sketch, image.
|
繪 (eumhun 그림 회 (geurim hoe))
|
hanja form of 회 (“picture; drawing; sketch; image; painting”) [affix]
|
Hán-Nôm : hội • Hán-Nôm : gói • Hán-Nôm : cởi
|
|
繪
|
| 繹
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *laːɡ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː). \ Same word as 驛 (OC *laːɡ, “posthorse; relay station”), 譯 (OC *laːɡ, “to translate”), 懌 (OC *laːɡ, “relaxed; pleased”), 斁 (OC *laːɡ, “to be tired of”) (Schuessler, 2007). Also related to 釋 (OC *hljaɡ, “to set free; to explain”), 赦 (OC *hljaɡs, “to let go; to pardon”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : i̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Middle-Chinese : yek
|
to unravel; to draw out • to interpret; to explain • to continue
|
|
pull out
|
繹 (eum 역 (yeok))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : gịt • Hán-Nôm : dịch • Hán-Nôm : dịt
|
|
繹
|
| 繽
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰin) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pin • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phin • Middle-Chinese : phjin
|
Used in 繽紛／缤纷 (bīnfēn).
|
|
|
繽 • (bin) · 繽 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|
|
繽
|
| 纂
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Middle-Chinese : tswanX
|
to edit; to compile • topknot; chignon • Alternative form of 纘／缵 (zuǎn, “to inherit; to continue”)
|
|
|
纂 • (chan) · 纂 • (chan) (hangeul 찬, revised chan, McCune–Reischauer ch'an, Yale chan)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : toản
|
|
纂
|
| 纏
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dan, *dans) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 廛 (OC *dan). \ Cognate with Tibetan སྟར (star, “to tie fast”) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : cin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiân • Middle-Chinese : drjen • Middle-Chinese : drjenH
|
to wind; to tie; to bind • to pester; to harass • (dialectal) to deal with
|
|
|
纏 • (jeon) · 纏 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : triền • Hán-Nôm : dờn
|
|
纏
|
| 纓
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeŋ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iann • Middle-Chinese : 'jieng
|
tassel • tassel-like object • ribbon • rope • to twine • to suffer from
|
|
crown string • breast harness
|
纓 • (yeong) · 纓 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, revised yeong, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : anh
|
|
纓
|
| 纖
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sem) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sem) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiam • Middle-Chinese : sjem ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ
|
finely-woven silk • fine; delicate • minute • graceful; slender • stingy; frugal • fiber • (Buddhism) the number 10⁻⁷ ‖ ^† to stab; to prick • ^† sharp; pointed • ^† Alternative form of 籤／签 (qiān, “bamboo slips”)
|
|
|
纖 • (seom) · 纖 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
|
|
romanization : tiêm • romanization : tươm • romanization : thin • romanization : thên
|
|
纖
|
| 纜
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːms) : semantic 糹 (“silk”) + phonetic 覽 (OC *ɡ·raːmʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : lomX • Middle-Chinese : lamH
|
(literary) hawser; heavy rope for mooring boats • cable; thick rope with many strands (Classifier: 條／条 c) • to moor; to tie; to fasten • (Cantonese) to wear something that requires wrapping • (Cantonese) betting slips for illegal bookmaking • (gambling, originally Cantonese) martingale (gambling strategy) (Classifier: 條／条 c)
|
|
|
纜 • (ram>nam) · 纜 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
|
|
|
|
纜
|
| 缽
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːd) : semantic 缶 (“pot”) + phonetic 本 (OC *pɯːnʔ). Originally written as 鉢 (OC *poːd) or 盋 (OC *poːd). \ Short for 缽多羅／钵多罗 (bōduōluó), from Sanskrit पात्र (pātra, “(drinking) vessel; bowl; cup; plate; etc.”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puat • Middle-Chinese : pat
|
(Buddhism) monk's alms bowl • bowl; basin; pot (often made of earthenware or metal)
|
|
earthenware basin • alms bowl
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : bát
|
bowl
|
缽
|
| 罄
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰeːŋs) : phonetic 殸 (OC *kʰreːŋ, *kʰeːŋs) + semantic 缶 (“pottery”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khìng • Middle-Chinese : khengH
|
empty • exhaust, run out, use up
|
|
exhaust • run out • use up • empty
|
罄 • (gyeong) · 罄 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
empty • exhaust • a kind of Chinese musical instrument made of stone or jade
|
Hán-Nôm : khánh
|
|
罄
|
| 罈
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm
|
earthenware jar; jug
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : đàn
|
|
罈
|
| 罟
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : kuX
|
net (especially for catching fish or birds) • to catch (with a net)
|
|
|
罟 • (go) · 罟 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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|
|
|
罟
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| 罹
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 网 (“net”) + 忄 (“heart”) + 隹 (“bird”). \ The senses represented by this character were often written with the character 離 (OC *rel) in ancient times.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lje
|
to experience; to suffer; to be hit with • to suffer (from a disease) • suffering; misery
|
|
|
罹 (eumhun 걸릴 리 (geollil ri), word-initial (South Korea) 걸릴 이 (geollil i))
|
hanja form of 리/이 (“to experience; to suffer; to be hit with”)
|
|
|
罹
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| 羈
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kua • Middle-Chinese : kje
|
bridle; halter • to restrain; to hold; to control • to stay; to remain; to lodge
|
|
|
羈 • (gi) · 羈 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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|
Hán-Nôm : kí
|
|
羈
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| 羌
|
Unclear. \ Pulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ). \ Schuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means "herders". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”). \ Beckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Middle-Chinese : khjang
|
(～族, ～人) Qiang people • Name of a historical tribe in ancient China. • muntjac (species of deer) • (obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci. • a surname
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|
|
羌 • (gang) · 羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
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|
Hán-Nôm : cưng • Hán-Nôm : gừng • Hán-Nôm : khương
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|
羌
|
| 羯
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kad) : semantic 羊 (“sheep; goat”) + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd). \ ; “wether” \ : Alternatively, Wang (1982) relates this word to 割 (OC *kaːd, “to cut”). \ ; “Jie people”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiat • Middle-Chinese : kjot
|
castrated buck caprid; wether • Jie people (a small, extinct tribe that once lived in North China)
|
|
barbarian • (more specifically) the Jie people, a certain tribe that lived to the north of China in antiquity (see Chinese 羯 (jié) for details)
|
羯 • (gal) · 羯 • (gal) (hangeul 갈, revised gal, McCune–Reischauer kal, Yale kal)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : yết • Hán-Nôm : khiết
|
|
羯
|
| 羲
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hŋral) : semantic 兮 + phonetic 義 (OC *ŋrals).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hi • Middle-Chinese : xje
|
Used in personal names. • Short for 伏羲 (Fúxī). • Short for 羲和 (xīhé). • ^† breath; vapor; gas • Alternative form of 曦 (xī) • Short for 王羲之 (Wáng Xīzhī). • a surname
|
|
Used in personal names.
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hi
|
|
羲
|
| 羶
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljan) : semantic 羊 + phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : syen
|
rank odor (especially of sheep and goat)
|
|
|
羶 • (jeon) · 羶 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
|
|
羶
|
| 羸
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljwe
|
(literary) in a weak or exhausted state
|
|
to grow haggard; to get thin • weak; frail
|
羸 (eumhun 파리할 리 (parihal ri), word-initial (South Korea) 파리할 이 (parihal i))
|
|
|
|
羸
|
| 羿
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋeːs) : semantic 羽 + phonetic 幵 (OC *kŋeːn).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngejH
|
(historical) the name of a legendary archer (also called 后羿) • a surname
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|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nghệ
|
|
羿
|
| 翎
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) + semantic 羽 (“feather”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
|
long, stiff feather on the wings or tail of a bird; (by extension) bird's feather • wing (of an insect) • arrow feather • (historical) feather on an official's hat (used for decoration and displaying his rank)
|
|
|
翎 • (ryeong>yeong) · 翎 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : linh
|
|
翎
|
| 翕
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰrub) : phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 羽 (“wings”) ‖
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : jap¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip • Middle-Chinese : xip ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hip
|
friendly; compliant • 58th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌿) • (Sichuanese) to crack ‖ to smother; to be suffocated • to take a picture
|
|
|
翕 • (heup) · 翕 • (heup) (hangeul 흡, revised heup, McCune–Reischauer hŭp, Yale hup)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hấp
|
|
翕
|
| 翟
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 羽 (“feather”) + 隹 (“bird”). \ Schuessler (2007) suggests that the name of the long-tailed pheasant is related to 濯 (OC *d-liauk, “clean, brilliant, glossy; to moisten, to wash”) and its exopassive 濯 (OC *d-liaukh, “to wash clothes”) owing to the birds' shiny feathers. See there for further etymology. \ STEDT derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rik ~ *s-rjak (“pheasant, partridge”). \ Goldin (2011) proposes that 翟 (dí) and 狄 (dí, “northern foreigners”) are related, 狄 (dí) being a "pseudo-ethnonym" meaning "feathered". ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Middle-Chinese : dek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thi̍k • Middle-Chinese : draek
|
(archaic) a long-tailed species of pheasant • (historical) pheasant plumes used in dances • (obsolete) things decorated with pheasant plumes • Alternative form of 狄 ‖ a surname
|
|
kind of pheasant
|
翟 • (jeok, chaek) · 翟 • (jeok, chaek) (hangeul 적, 책, revised jeok, chaek, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, ch'aek, Yale cek, chayk)
|
pheasant
|
Hán-Nôm : địch
|
|
翟
|
| 翡
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei² • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huí • Middle-Chinese : bj+jH
|
a kind of red kingfisher • Used in 翡翠 (fěicuì, “kingfisher; jadeite”).
|
|
|
翡 • (bi) · 翡 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : phỉ
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|
翡
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| 翱
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kô • Middle-Chinese : ngaw
|
to spread wings and fly
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|
|
翱 • (go) · 翱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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|
|
|
翱
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| 翳
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qiː, *qiːs) : phonetic 殹 (OC *qiːs) + semantic 羽.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : 'ej • Middle-Chinese : 'ejH
|
(literary) shade; screen • nebula • (literary) to hide; to conceal • (literary) to shade; to screen • (literary) feather cover of vehicle • (Mainland China Hokkien) gloomy clouds
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‖ 翳(えい) • (ei) ‖ 翳(えい) • (ei)
|
to hide; to conceal • to shade • shadow ‖ shade; shadow (interchangeable with 影 (ei)) ‖
|
翳 (eum 예 (ye))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ế
|
|
翳
|
| 翹
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡew, *ɡews) : phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw) + semantic 羽 (“feather”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers this to be probably unrelated to the word family of 喬 (OC *krew, “tall”) and instead proposes cognacy with Proto-Northern Naga *gyaw (“high”). \ Sagart (2021b) connects this to Tibetan སྒྲོ (sgro, “large feather”), which he (Sagart, 2017b) has also connected to 喬 (OC *krew). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjiew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kiu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàu • Middle-Chinese : gjiewH
|
long tail feathers of a bird; rectrix • bird's tail • animal's tail • to lift; to raise • to expose; to reveal; to uncover; to arouse • (colloquial, of wooden plank, paper, etc.) to become twisted; to be warped from water damage • outstanding; extraordinary • high; dangerous • lush; luxuriant • (historical) a kind of hair jewelry worn by ancient women, shaped like a bird's tail • Alternative form of 篪 (chí, “ancient musical instrument”) ‖ (colloquial) to stick up (one end of an object, such as a tail); to curl up; to turn upwards • (colloquial) to leave in stealth; to play truant; to wag (from school)
|
|
excellence
|
翹 • (gyo) · 翹 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
canonical : 翹: Hán Việt readings: kiều 翹: Nôm readings: khiêu • canonical : kẻo
|
|
翹
|
| 耆
|
Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”). ‖ Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”). ‖ Compare with Burmese ကြီး (kri:, “great, big, old”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjij ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ
|
man of sixty • aged; old; senior • tyrannical • to detest; to abhor ‖ to cause; to result in ‖ Original form of 嗜 (shì, “to be fond of”).
|
|
senility
|
耆 • (gi, chi) · 耆 • (gi, chi) (hangeul 기, 치, revised gi, chi, McCune–Reischauer ki, ch'i, Yale ki, chi)
|
|
|
|
耆
|
| 耒
|
Pictogram (象形) – a wooden (木) plow with originally three cross lines (彡) for the furrows of the plow, later simplified to two. ‖ Simplified from 來 (从 → 二).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luī • Middle-Chinese : lwijX • Middle-Chinese : lwojH ‖
|
handle of plow • plow ‖
|
|
|
耒 • (roe>noe) · 耒 • (roe>noe) (hangeul 뢰>뇌, revised roe>noe, McCune–Reischauer roe>noe, Yale loy>noy)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lỗi • Hán-Nôm : lồi • Hán-Nôm : doi • Hán-Nôm : lọi • Hán-Nôm : lội • Hán-Nôm : lòi • Hán-Nôm : rồi • Hán-Nôm : ròi • Hán-Nôm : lẫn • Hán-Nôm : rổi • Hán-Nôm : rỗi • Hán-Nôm : rủi
|
|
耒
|
| 耜
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljɯʔ) : semantic 耒 (“plow”) + phonetic 㠯 ().
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ziX
|
(archaic) plowshare
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trĩ • Hán-Nôm : tự
|
|
耜
|
| 聱
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngaew • Middle-Chinese : ngaw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Middle-Chinese : ngjiw
|
not taking others' advice • uneven ‖ mixed; (of sounds) noisy (see the compounds)
|
|
poor sentences • bent and twisted • too complicated
|
聱 • (o) · 聱 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
bent and twisted • too complicated
|
|
|
聱
|
| 聳
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloŋʔ) : phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs) + semantic 耳.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàng • Middle-Chinese : sjowngX
|
deaf • urge on • rise up; raise up • erect • to reward • to scare; to frighten • lofty
|
|
rise • tower
|
聳 (eum 용 (yong))
|
urge on • rise up • stir, excite • to raise up • lofty
|
|
|
聳
|
| 聶
|
Triplication of 耳 (“ear”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liap • Middle-Chinese : nrjep
|
to whisper (into one's ear) • a surname
|
|
|
聶 • (seop) · 聶 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nhiếp • Hán-Nôm : niếp
|
|
聶
|
| 聾
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːŋ) : phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ) + semantic 耳 (“ear”) – deaf. \ Perhaps related to 聳 (OC *sloŋʔ, “deaf”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Middle-Chinese : luwng
|
deaf
|
|
deafness • deaf
|
聾 • (rong>nong) · 聾 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
|
|
|
|
聾
|
| 聿
|
Pictogram (象形) or \ ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : hand (又) holding a brush.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wat⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : u̍t • Middle-Chinese : ywit
|
Original form of 筆／笔 (bǐ, “writing brush; pencil”). • sentence-initial or sentence-medial introductory particle: then; and then; thereupon • (Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to scribble, scrawl, or daub in a hasty and careless way • a surname
|
|
writing brush, pencil • thereupon
|
聿 (eumhun 붓 율 (but yul))
|
hanja form of 율 (“writing brush, paint brush”)
|
Hán-Nôm : duật
|
|
聿
|
| 肄
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Middle-Chinese : yijH
|
practice; study
|
|
|
肄 • (i) · 肄 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
|
|
肄
|
| 肓
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹ • Middle-Chinese : xwang
|
(traditional Chinese medicine) the part of human body between the heart and the diaphragm, which was thought to be unreachable by medicament
|
|
inaccessible region of the body (between the heart and the diaphragm)
|
肓 • (hwang) · 肓 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|
|
肓
|
| 肫
|
‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsywin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ
|
(obsolete) cheek • stomach of birds; gizzard of birds • (literary) sincere ‖ Alternative form of 純／纯 ‖ Alternative form of 豚
|
|
gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere
|
肫 • (sun) · 肫 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
|
gizzard of fowl • honest • sincere
|
Hán-Nôm : truân
|
|
肫
|
| 肱
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kwong
|
(anatomy) upper arm • (figurative) minister of the emperor
|
‖ 肱(ひじ) • (hiji) ^(←ひぢ (fidi)?)
|
‖ Alternative spelling of 肘
|
肱 (eum 굉 (goeng))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : quăng
|
|
肱
|
| 胆
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːn, *daːn) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 旦 (OC *taːns).
|
|
|
‖ 胆(い) • (i)
|
gall bladder • courage ‖ gallbladder; liver
|
胆 • (dam) · 胆 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
|
|
胆
|
| 胛
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːb) : phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb) + semantic 肉 (“flesh”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Middle-Chinese : kaep
|
shoulder, shoulder blade
|
|
|
胛 • (gap) · 胛 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
|
|
|
|
胛
|
| 胤
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 八 + 幺 + 肉. Explanation uncertain.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : īn • Middle-Chinese : yinH
|
(literary) progeny; posterity; descendants • (literary) heir; successor
|
‖ 胤(たね) • (tane) ‖ 胤(いん) • (in)
|
‖ paternal blood, offspring ‖ lineage; descendant
|
胤 (eum 윤 (yun))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dận
|
|
胤
|
| 胥
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋa, *sŋaʔ) : phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ) + semantic 月 (“flesh”)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Middle-Chinese : sjo • Middle-Chinese : sjoX
|
(historical) officer who was responsible for capturing thieves • (literary) all • (Classical) mutually • a surname
|
|
|
胥 • (seo) · 胥 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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Hán-Nôm : tư
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胥
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| 胭
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'en
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Short for 胭脂 (yānzhi).
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胭
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| 胱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kong • Middle-Chinese : kwang
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Only used in 膀胱 (pángguāng, “bladder”).
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bladder
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胱 (eumhun 오줌통 광 (ojumtong gwang))
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hanja form of 광 (“bladder”)
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胱
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| 脩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯw) : phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 肉 (“meat”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siu • Middle-Chinese : sjuw ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄠˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ
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(literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) • (literary) dried meat (presented to teachers as payment) · (by extension, historical) payment for teachers in ancient China • (literary) Alternative form of 修 (xiū) • to dry out; to wither • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 卣 (yǒu, “painted wine vessel”) ‖ Name of a county. ‖ Only used in 脩脩 (xiāoxiāo). ‖ Alternative form of 滌／涤 (dí, “to wash; to cleanse”)
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‖ 脩(おさむ) • (Osamu)
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dried meat ‖ a male given name
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脩 • (su) · 脩 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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Hán-Nôm : tu
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脩
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| 脫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). \ :Within Chinese, cognate with 蛻 (OC *l̥ʰoːds, “exuviae (skin cast off during molting)”), 愉 (OC *lo, “relax > happy, pleased”), 悅 (OC lod, “contented”), 說 (OC *hljod, “to speak, to explain”), 說 (OC *hljods, “to persuade”), 偷 (OC *l̥ʰoː, “to steal”), 奪 (OC *Cə.lˁot, “to rob, to snatch”); \ :Outside Chinese, cognate with Tibetan གློད་པ (glod pa, “loosen, relax, slacken”), Tibetan ཧློད་པ (hlod pa, “loose, relaxed”), Lepcha ᰒᰤᰦᰳ (flját), ᰒᰤᰩᰳ (fljót), Burmese လွှတ် (hlwat), Burmese ချွတ် (hkywat). \ In its use in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese, Suzhounese, and Ningbonese, as well as Lower Yangtze Mandarin, it is likely from a grammaticalisation of the verb. Compare with 落 (Wuxi, Changzhou) and 掉 (Haining, Danyang) ‖ ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : tyut³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuat • Middle-Chinese : dwat • Middle-Chinese : thwat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍t
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to take off (clothes); to peel off; to strip • to get away from; to escape; to leave; to avoid • to leave out; to miss; to omit • rapid; swift; fast • unaffected; free; at ease • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to collapse; to pass out; to fall in a faint • (Ningbonese and Shanghainese) and • (Northern Wu, Jianghuai Mandarin) Used to indicate a negative outcome to a verb. ‖ Used in 脫脫／脱脱 (“carefree”). • Alternative form of 蛻／蜕 (“(of skin) cast off”) • a surname ‖ (Hokkien) to slip out of place • (Mainland China Hokkien) to misstep
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take off, remove • escape, get away
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脫 • (tal, tae) · 脫 • (tal, tae) (hangeul 탈, 태, McCune–Reischauer t'al, t'ae, Yale thal, thay)
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Hán-Nôm : thoát
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脫
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| 脹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiònn • Middle-Chinese : trjangH
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to expand; to increase in size; to swell • (medicine, of muscles, skin, etc.) to swell • (medicine) to have edema; to have dropsy
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swell, dilate, distend, bulge
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脹 (eumhun 부을 창 (bueul chang))
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hanja form of 창 (“to expand; to swell”)
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Hán-Nôm : trướng • Hán-Nôm : chương • Hán-Nôm : rướn • Hán-Nôm : chướng
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脹
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| 腆
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thián • Middle-Chinese : thenX
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prosperous • good • protruding
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腆 (eum 전 (jeon))
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Hán-Nôm : thiển
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腆
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| 腑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Middle-Chinese : pjuX
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viscera
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‖ 腑(ふ) • (fu) ^(←ふ (fu)?)
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viscera ‖
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腑 (eumhun 육부 부 (yukbu bu))
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hanja form of 부 (“the six viscera(bowels)”)
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腑
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| 腱
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Originally 䇟. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kan, *ɡans) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 建 (OC *kans).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiān • Middle-Chinese : kjon • Middle-Chinese : gjonH
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tendons
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‖ 腱(けん) • (ken)
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‖ (anatomy) a tendon
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腱 • (geon) · 腱 • (geon) (hangeul 건, revised geon, McCune–Reischauer kŏn, Yale ken)
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腱
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| 腳
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaɡ) : semantic ⺼ (“meat, body”) + phonetic 卻 (OC *kaɡ, *kʰaɡ) – part of the body, the foot or leg. \ Etymology not clear (Schuessler, 2007). Unrelated to Min 跤.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kioh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiok • Middle-Chinese : kjak
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(anatomy) foot (Classifier: 隻／只 m c; 雙／双 m c; 對／对 c) • base; leg; foundation • Alternative form of 角 (jué, “role; part; character”) • (Cantonese) person who joins an activity
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腳 (eumhun 다리 각 (dari gak))
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Hán-Nôm : cước • Hán-Nôm : cuốc
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腳
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| 膈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːɡ) : semantic ⺼ + phonetic 鬲 (OC *kreːɡ, *ɡ·reːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keeh • Middle-Chinese : keak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˋ
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(anatomy) diaphragm • a kind of bell ‖ Only used in 膈應／膈应 (gèying).
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膈 • (gyeok) · 膈 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격)
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膈
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| 膠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːw, *krɯːws, *kʰrɯːw) : semantic ⺼ (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 翏 (OC *ɡ·rɯːw, *ɡ·rɯws). ‖ Near homophone of the vulgar word 鳩／鸠 (gau¹).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ka • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew • Middle-Chinese : khaew • Middle-Chinese : kaewH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹
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glue; adhesive; gum; resin • rubber (material) • to glue; to adhere • sticky; gluey • (Cantonese) plastic • Short for 膠州／胶州 (Jiāozhōu). • Short for 膠澳／胶澳. (former name of 青島／青岛 (Qīngdǎo)) • (Wenzhounese) swim bladder ‖ (originally Internet slang) stupid; foolish; dumb • (Internet slang) stupidness; stupidity (Classifier: 打 c) • (originally Internet slang, offensive) idiot; retard • (originally Internet slang, possibly offensive) nerd; enthusiast • (chiefly Internet slang) to act stupidly; to act foolishly
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glue • isinglass
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膠 • (gyo) · 膠 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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Hán-Nôm : giao • Hán-Nôm : keo
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膠
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| 膩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nis) : semantic 肉 (“meat”) + phonetic 貳 (OC *njis). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Middle-Chinese : nrijH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁶ ‖
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fatty; oily • too greasy to bear • (Northern Min) to become soggy • meticulous; delicate; glossy • to make (someone) feel sick; to disgust (someone) • to be sick of; to be tired of • (literary) dirt • sticky; grimy • intimate; close • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick around, causing others to be fed up • (Beijing Mandarin) to stick to (someone); to pester (someone) • (Beijing Mandarin) to fill a crack; to putty • (Sichuanese) to hesitate; to be irresolute ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 腬 (nau6, “heavy; filling; too greasy or sweet”) ‖ (Eastern Min) to nap; to doze
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膩 • (ni>i) · 膩 • (ni>i) (hangeul 니>이, revised ni>i, McCune–Reischauer ni>i, Yale ni>i)
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膩
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| 膺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 𤸰 () + semantic 肉 (“body”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'ing
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(literary) breast; chest • (ancient, of horses) breast strap • (literary) to undertake; to bear • (literary) to attack
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breast
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膺 (eumhun 가슴 응 (gaseum eung))
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hanja form of 응 (“breasts”)
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Hán-Nôm : ưng • Hán-Nôm : ứng
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膺
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| 膽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːmʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam). \ Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007); compare Proto-Vietic *lɔːm, Proto-Katuic *lɔɔm, Proto-Bahnaric *kləːm, etc. from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t₁ləəm ~ *t₁luəm "liver".
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tánn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tám • Middle-Chinese : tamX
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(anatomy) gallbladder • (figurative) guts; courage; bravery; strength; nerve • inner container; liner (of a thermos); bladder (of a ball) • vacuum tube
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膽 (eumhun 쓸개 담 (sseulgae dam))
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hanja form of 담 (“gall bladder”) • hanja form of 담 (“courage; nerve”)
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Hán-Nôm : đảm
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膽
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| 膾
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kui² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kwajH
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(historical) kuai, a historical Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat • (archaic) to mince; to chop
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‖ 膾(なます) • (namasu)
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‖ namasu, a Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced uncooked vegetables and meat or seafood, marinated in rice vinegar
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膾 (eumhun 회 회 (hoe hoe))
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hanja form of 회 (“sliced raw meat or fish”)
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Hán-Nôm : gỏi • Hán-Nôm : khoái • Hán-Nôm : cối • Hán-Nôm : quái
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膾
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| 膿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâng • Middle-Chinese : nowng
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pus
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‖ 膿(うみ) • (umi) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō) ‖ 膿(のう) • (nō)
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‖ pus ‖ (medicine) pus ‖ (medicine) pus
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膿 (eumhun 고름 농 (goreum nong))
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hanja form of 농 (“pus”)
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膿
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| 臃
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong
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Used in 臃腫／臃肿 (yōngzhǒng, “obese; swollen; overstaffed”).
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臃
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| 臉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·reːmʔ, *skʰlam, *kramʔ) : semantic ⺼ (“body part”) + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gram (“cheek; face”). Cognate with Tibetan འགྲམ་པ ('gram pa, “cheek”), འགྲམ་རུས ('gram rus, “cheekbone”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˇㄦ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : leamX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjem
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(anatomy) cheek • (anatomy) face (Classifier: 張／张 m) • (by extension) facial expression; complexion • (figurative) front part of something • (figurative) reputation; face; image ‖ meat soup
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cheek • face
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臉 (eumhun 뺨 검 (ppyam geom))
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cheek • face
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Hán-Nôm : kiểm • Hán-Nôm : quặm • Hán-Nôm : liển • Hán-Nôm : liễn • Hán-Nôm : liễm • Hán-Nôm : kiễm
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臉
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| 臍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zliːl) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-taj (“navel; abdomen; centre; self”) (Weidert, 1987; Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ལྟེ (lte, “navel”), Chepang तोय् (“navel”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsê • Middle-Chinese : dzej
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navel
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‖ 臍(へそ) • (heso) ‖ 臍(ほぞ) • (hozo)
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‖ (anatomy) navel ‖ (anatomy) navel
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臍 (eumhun 배꼽 제 (baekkop je))
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hanja form of 제 (“navel”)
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臍
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| 臏
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : bjinX
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Alternative form of 髕／髌 (bìn, “kneecap; cutting off kneecaps as a form of punishment”)
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the kneecap
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臏 • (bin) · 臏 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
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kneecap
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臏
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| 臘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːb) : semantic ⺼ (“meat”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ Uncertain. \ * Bodde (1975) cites Zheng Xuan's comment on the relation between 臘 (OC *raːb, “year-end sacrifice”) and 獵 (OC *rab, “hunt”); \ * Boltz (1979) instead relates it to a much later word written with the same phonetic & meaning "to cut off, to terminate" (of a year); \ * Schuessler (2007) proposes an alternative Sino-Tibetan etymology: just as the 葉 (OC *hljeb, *leb) word-family encompasses the meanings "leaf > foliage, year, generation"; so the root *râp "new year, change of year" is apparently a parallel etymon, which also is cognate with Tibetan རབས། (rabs, “generation”) (Bodman, 1980).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍p • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Middle-Chinese : lap
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year-end sacrifice to the gods • twelfth month of the Chinese lunar calendar • dried preserved meat; cured meat
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‖ 臘(ろう) • (rō)
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‖ a Buddhist ceremony held in winter on the third day of the dog • the twelfth month of the lunar-solar calendar • a year in Buddhism after one completes a meditation retreat
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臘 • (rap>nap) · 臘 • (rap>nap) (hangeul 랍>납, revised rap>nap, McCune–Reischauer rap>nap, Yale lap>nap)
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Hán-Nôm : chạp • Hán-Nôm : chợp • Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : lép
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臘
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| 臚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ljo
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(literary) to display; to list
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臚 • (ryeo>yeo) · 臚 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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臚
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| 臥
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臣 (“eye”) + 人 (“person”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngōo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gōo • Middle-Chinese : ngwaH
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to lie down • to sleep; to rest • (of animals) to crouch • (literary) to live in seclusion; to retreat • (regional) to poach (to cook in boiling water) • (in compounds) containing a bed; used for sleeping • (in compounds) sleeper
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‖ 臥(が) • (ga) ^(←ぐわ (gwa)?)
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to lie down • prostrate ‖ to bend down; to lie down; to prostrate
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臥 • (wa) · 臥 • (wa) (hangeul 와)
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Hán-Nôm : ngọa • Hán-Nôm : ngoạ
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臥
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| 臧
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 臣 (“eye”) + 戈 (“spear;weapon”) – "slave; prisoner of war" (slaves in ancient China were blinded, hence the 臣 component. Compare 童 and 民). The phonetic component 爿 (OC *zaŋ), absent in the oracle-bone script, was added at a later stage (see Yang, 1965, and references therein), leading Shuowen to interpret the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋ) : phonetic 戕 (OC *kaːl, *ʔsaːŋ, *zaŋ) + semantic 臣. \ Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan བཟང (bzang, “good; fine”) (Coblin, 1986). ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong⁶
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(literary) good; right; generous • (literary) to praise; to commend • a surname ‖ (derogatory) slave; enslaved captive • Alternative form of 贓／赃 (zāng, “booty; loot; stolen goods”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (“to hide; to store”) ‖ Alternative form of 藏 (zàng, “storing pace; depository”) • Alternative form of 臟／脏 (zàng, “internal organs, viscera”)
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臧 (eum 장 (jang))
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Hán-Nôm : tang • Hán-Nôm : tàng
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臧
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| 臺
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 喬 + 室. \ Its exact structure changes depending on region and time period, but for most of its existence it has been a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) . The phonetic has always been 之 (OC *tjɯ) or 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). \ : Oracle bone inscriptions: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 宀. \ : Chu slips: phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室 \ : Jin slips: \ :* Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : abbreviated 喬 + 室. This is the modern form inherited by Han seal script. \ :* Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + abbreviated 室 \ :* Phonetic 之 (OC *tjɯ) + 室 \ : Qin dynasty: Phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ) + 高 + 室 \ Shuowen Jiezi interprets it as ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 之 (“foot”) + abbreviated 高 (“high”) + 室 (“building”) – a watch tower. The Shuowen Jiezi Zhu considers 㞢 (*tjɯ) to be the sound component.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâi • Middle-Chinese : doj
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tower; lookout • stage; platform • support; stand; base • station · (specifically) broadcasting station or channel; television station or channel • station · (specifically, Internet) live stream • station • terrace (raised ground) • Suffix for terms of address conveying respect for the addressee. • Short for 臺灣／台灣／台湾 (Táiwān, “Taiwan”). • Short for 臺語／台語／台语 (táiyǔ, “Taiwanese Hokkien”). • Classifier for machines, vehicles or electronic devices. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Classifier for stage performance. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • Alternative form of 檯／台 (tái, “table; desk”) • Alternative form of 薹 (tái, “sedge”) • a surname • (mahjong) points
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臺 (eumhun 대 대 (dae dae)) ‖ 臺 • (Dae) (hangeul 대)
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hanja form of 대 (“platform”) [noun] • hanja form of 대 (“counter for vehicles or machinery”) [counter] • hanja form of 대 (“(after a number) in the... s”) [suffix] ‖ (in news headlines) Short for 臺(대)灣(만) (Daeman, “Taiwan”).
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Hán-Nôm : đài
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chữ Hán form of đài (“platform, broadcast station”).
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臺
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| 臻
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsin • Middle-Chinese : tsrin
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(literary) to attain; to realize • (literary) to arrive; to reach; to come
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臻 • (jin) · 臻 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
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Hán-Nôm : trăn
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臻
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| 臾
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵
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a moment, an instant, a short while (used in 須臾／须臾 (xūyú)) • a surname ‖ Only used in 縱臾／纵臾 (zǒngyǒng).
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臾 (eum 잠깐 유, 권할 용 (jamkkan yu, gwonhal yong))
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臾
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| 舂
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 廾 (“both hands”) + 午 (“pestle”) + 臼 (“mortar”) – using both hands to pound with a mortar and pestle.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : syowng
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to pound on grains in a mortar in order to husk them • (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Shanghainese) to hit with a fist; to punch • (Cantonese) to fall (especially head down)
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to grind in a mortar
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舂 • (yong, song, chang) · 舂 • (yong, song, chang) (hangeul 용, 송, 창, revised yong, song, chang, McCune–Reischauer yong, song, ch'ang, Yale yong, song, chang)
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Hán-Nôm : thung
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舂
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| 舉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaʔ) : phonetic 與 (OC *la, *laʔ, *las) + semantic 手 (“hand”) as 擧／举. The 手 (shǒu) component became 𰀁. \ ;lift \ ;all, whole, entire \ ;to pawn
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Middle-Chinese : kjoX
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to raise; to lift up • (literary) to raise; to bring up • to elect • to start; to initiate • to cite; to enumerate • action; deed • (historical) successful candidate in the imperial examination at the provincial level • whole; entire • (Cantonese) to pawn
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Alternative form of 擧 (Shinjitai form 挙)
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Hán-Nôm : cử • Hán-Nôm : cỡ • Hán-Nôm : cữ
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舉
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| 舐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljeʔ) : semantic 舌 + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ). \ The glyphs recorded in Shuowen are 舓 (shì) (with phonetic 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ)) and 𦧇 (with phonetic 也 (OC *laːlʔ)). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak (“to lick; tongue”). The Cantonese vernacular reading laai² preserves the Old Chinese initial *l-. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǐnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐ • Middle-Chinese : zyeX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : lim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : lem²
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to lick; to lap; to stroke with the tongue ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 舔 (“to lick”)
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舐 (eum 지 (ji))
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canonical : 舐: Hán Việt readings: thỉ • canonical : thị • canonical : để 舐: Nôm readings: liếm • canonical : thỉ
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舐
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| 舛
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夊 + 𡕒 (second character roughly ヰ) – two feet facing in different directions. Compare 夅, with feet pointing down. Compare also foot in 夂, 夊, 𡕒. Note that the left foot has changed shape rather more than the right foot, which still resembles the form in earlier script.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenX
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(literary) to be opposed to; to be contrary to; to deviate from • (literary) an error or mistake • (literary) a disorderly misfortune; be in a difficult situation
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舛 • (cheon) · 舛 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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Hán-Nôm : suyễn • Hán-Nôm : sẻn
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舛
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| 舜
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sùn • Middle-Chinese : sywinH
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Emperor Shun, legendary ruler of ancient China • (alt. form 蕣) Hibiscus syriacus • a surname
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舜 • (sun) · 舜 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
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Hán-Nôm : thuấn
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舜
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| 舢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹
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Only used in 舢板 (shānbǎn).
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sampan
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舢 (eum 산 (san))
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a small boat attached to a ship
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舢
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| 舨
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan²
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Only used in 舢舨 and 艟舨.
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舨
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| 舫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋs, *paŋs) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). \ Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *poŋ (“raft; float”) (provisionally reconstructed by STEDT). See 方 (OC *paŋ) for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : pjangH • Middle-Chinese : pangH
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two boats connected together • boat (with a deckhouse)
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舫 (eum 방 (bang))
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Hán-Nôm : phảng
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舫
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| 艙
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Considered a 後起字／后起字 (hòuqǐzì). Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaːŋ) : semantic 舟 (“boat”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshong
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cabin (in ships, airplanes, etc.)
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艙 • (chang) · 艙 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang, Yale chang)
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Hán-Nôm : thương • Hán-Nôm : khoang
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艙
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| 艮
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 匕 (“spoon”). \ Alternatively, a ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 目 (“eye”) + 人 (“person”) showing a person looking back (Ji Xusheng, 2004). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kùn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìn • Middle-Chinese : konH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄣˇ
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one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦, symbolizing mountains. (☶) • a surname ‖ (dialectal) blunt; straightforward • (dialectal) tough, chewy
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‖ 艮(うしとら) • (ushitora)
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northeast ‖ (obsolete) northeast
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艮 (eumhun 괘 이름 간 (gwae ireum gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 그칠 간 (geuchil gan)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 은 은 (eun eun)) ‖ 艮 (eumhun 끌 흔 (kkeul heun))
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hanja form of 간 (“one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦”) ‖ hanja form of 간 (“to stop; to cease”) ‖ hanja form of 은 (“silver”) ‖ hanja form of 흔 (“to pull; to draw; to drag”)
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Hán-Nôm : cấn • Hán-Nôm : cản • Hán-Nôm : ngắn • Hán-Nôm : nhìn • Hán-Nôm : ngấn • Hán-Nôm : ngẩn • Hán-Nôm : ngổn • Hán-Nôm : ngần
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艮
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| 艱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːn) : semantic 𦰩 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian • Middle-Chinese : kean
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difficult; hard • hardship; suffering • disaster • dangerous • parent's death
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艱 • (gan) · 艱 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
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Hán-Nôm : gian
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艱
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| 芍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡleːwʔ, *spʰlewɢ, *pl'ewɢ, *bljewɢ, *pleːwɢ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 勺 (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ). ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsio̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshia̍h • Middle-Chinese : dzyak • Middle-Chinese : trjak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠˋ • Middle-Chinese : hewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : tek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Middle-Chinese : tshjak
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Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora) ‖ water chestnut ‖ Alternative form of 菂 (dì, “lotus seed”) ‖ Only used in 芍陂.
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芍 • (jak, jeok) · 芍 • (jak, jeok) (hangeul 작, 적, revised jak, jeok, McCune–Reischauer chak, chŏk, Yale cak, cek)
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Hán-Nôm : thược
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芍
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| 芟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saam¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Middle-Chinese : sraem
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scythe • to scythe, to cut
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芟 • (sam) · 芟 • (sam) (hangeul 삼, revised sam, McCune–Reischauer sam, Yale sam)
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芟
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| 芯
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sim • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³
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pith from the common rush (Juncus effusus), used as lamp wick • lamp wick • (in general) core material (of something); centre; wick; pencil lead ‖ Only used in 芯子 (xìnzi, “fuse; tongue of a snake”).
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‖ 芯(しん) • (shin)
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‖ core, heart • pencil lead • wick
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芯 • (sim) · 芯 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
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芯
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| 芻
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 勹 (“hand”) + 屮 (“grass”), a hand plucking grass.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhju
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to cut grass; to mow • hay; fodder • livestock • to raise; to rear
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芻 (eum 추 (chu))
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Hán-Nôm : so
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芻
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| 苒
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liám • Middle-Chinese : nyemX
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luxuriant growth • passing (of time) • (Xiamen Hokkien) fruit preserve; jam (UK); jelly (US)
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flourishing • luxuriant
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苒 • (yeom) · 苒 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
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lush • successively • in order
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Hán-Nôm : nhiễm
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苒
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| 苓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Middle-Chinese : leng
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Used in 苓耳. • Short for 伏苓 or 茯苓. • Alternative form of 零 (“to fall”)
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herb, plant • mushroom
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苓 • (ryeong>yeong) · 苓 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
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Hán-Nôm : linh • Hán-Nôm : lành • Hán-Nôm : lềnh
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苓
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| 苣
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ
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lettuce ‖ Only used in 苣蕒菜／苣荬菜 (qǔmǎicài).
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‖ 苣(ちしゃ) or 苣(チシャ) • (chisha)
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lettuce ‖ Alternative spelling of 萵苣 (“lettuce”)
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苣 • (geo) · 苣 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
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Hán-Nôm : cự
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苣
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| 苧
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Simplified from 薴 (寧 → 宁). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 宁 (OC *da, *daʔ).
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‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : drjoX
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‖ ramie (Boehmeria nivea)
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‖ 苧(お) • (o) ^(←を (wo)?) ‖ 苧(むし) • (mushi) ‖ 苧(からむし) • (karamushi) ‖ 苧(からんし) • (karanshi) ‖ 苧(こるむし) • (korumushi) ‖ 苧(ま) • (ma) ‖ 苧(ちょ) • (cho)
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‖ hemp or ramie • thread made from the outer husk of the stems of hemp or ramie • a textile made from this thread ‖ (obsolete) old name for karamushi: the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea var. nipononivea • short for 帔(むしのたれぎぬ), 枲(むし)の垂(た)れ衣(ぎぬ) (mushi no tareginu), a kind of veil made of ramie and worn from the brim of a hat by women from the Heian period through the Kamakura period ‖ the ramie plant, Boehmeria nivea (syn. Boehmeria nipononivea) • a thread made from the fibers of this plant • a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ (rare, obsolete) the ramie plant • (rare, obsolete) a thread made from the fibers of this plant • (rare, obsolete) a textile made from this thread ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber ‖ the ramie or hemp plant or fiber
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苧 • (jeo) · 苧 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
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Hán-Nôm : trữ
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苧
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| 茎
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‖ 茎(くき) • (kuki) ‖ 茎(なかご) • (nakago)
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‖ stem, stalk ‖ (swords) tang (part of a sword blade)
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茎
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| 茗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *meːŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 名 (OC *meŋ). \ A late word; earliest extant attestation is in Shuowen Jiezi. \ Likely from Austroasiatic. Compare Palaungic မျံမ် (miəm), Danau miːn², Lamet mɪːŋ, Mlabri miʌŋ, Mal mhiaŋ, Nyah Kur mìəm, Thai เมี่ยง (mîiang), Northern Thai ᩉ᩠ᨾᩮᩥ᩠᩶ᨿᨦ, Lao ໝ້ຽງ (mīang).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : mengX
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tea buds • late-picked tea • (in general) tea plant • tea (drink) • Alternative form of 酩 (mǐng) • a surname
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‖ 茗(めい) • (mei)
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tea, the tea plant ‖ tea, especially tea picked later in the season
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茗 • (myeong) · 茗 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
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canonical : 茗: Hán Việt readings: dính • canonical : minh 茗: Nôm readings: dính • canonical : rểnh • canonical : tranh
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茗
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| 茱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djo) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzyu
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Short for 茱萸 (zhūyú).
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茱 • (su) · 茱 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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茱
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| 茲
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Cognate with 載 (OC *ʔslɯːʔ, “year”), 再 (OC *ʔsɯːs, “twice”), 薦 (OC *ʔseːns, “repeatedly”), 洊 (OC *zlɯːns, “again; repeatedly”), 荐 (OC *zlɯːns, “repeatedly”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzi
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(literary) this • (literary) year; time • (literary) the present; now • Alternative form of 滋 (zī, “more”) ‖ Only used in 龜茲／龟兹 (Qiūcí).
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‖
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here ‖
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茲 • (museonghal ja) · 茲 • (museonghal ja) (hangeul 무성할 자)
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Hán-Nôm : tư
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茲
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| 茴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːl) : semantic 艹 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 回 (OC *ɡuːl).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê • Middle-Chinese : hwoj
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Used in 茴香 (huíxiāng). • fennel; aniseed
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茴 • (hoe) · 茴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
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canonical : 茴: Hán Việt readings: hồi 茴: Nôm readings: hồi • canonical : gồi
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茴
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| 茹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nja, *njaʔ, *njas) : semantic 艹 (“grass, plants”) + phonetic 如 (OC *nja, *njas) – plant roots, part of a plant. \ Schuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Kharia [script needed] (ɲoʔ, “to eat”) and Proto-Vietic *s-nja:ʔ (“to chew, to masticate”) (> Vietnamese nhá). Schuessler (2003) also compares 茹 with Jingpho noʔ¹ 'to eat' and Proto-Mienic *ʔnəkᴰ 'to swallow'.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jû • Middle-Chinese : nyo • Middle-Chinese : nyoX • Middle-Chinese : nyoH
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to eat • (literary) to bear • (literary) to guess • (literary) soft • (literary) corrupted • (literary) vegetables • a surname • (organic chemistry) rubicene
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to boil • to seethe
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茹 • (yeo) · 茹 • (yeo) (hangeul 여, revised yeo, McCune–Reischauer yŏ, Yale ye)
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canonical : 茹: Hán Việt readings: như • canonical : nhự 茹: Nôm readings: nhà • canonical : nhờ • canonical : nhựa • canonical : nhừa • canonical : nhu
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Nôm form of nhà (“home”).
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茹
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| 荀
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : swin
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a surname • (historical) name of an ancient state in China • (obsolete) name of a plant
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荀 • (sun) · 荀 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
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Hán-Nôm : tuân
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荀
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| 荊
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; "shrub; alternative name of Chu" \ ; "(humble) my wife; poor"
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Middle-Chinese : kjaeng
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chaste tree (Vitex); redbud (Cercis) • (historical) rod for flogging made of chaste tree twigs • (literary, humble) my wife • Short for 荊州／荆州 (Jīngzhōu, “Jingzhou”). • Short for 荊山／荆山 (Jīng Shān, “Mount Jing”). • Alternative name for 楚 (chǔ, “the state of Chu in ancient China”). • a surname
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‖ 荊(いばら) or 荊(イバラ) • (ibara)
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thorn • brier • whip ‖ Alternative spelling of 茨
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荊 • (hyeong) · 荊 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
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thorns • brambles • my wife • cane
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Hán-Nôm : kinh
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荊
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| 荏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms). \ ; “a kind of big bean” \ ; “soft; weak” \ : Possibly related to 飪 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked”), 腍 (OC *njɯmʔ, “cooked; delicious”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lám • Middle-Chinese : nyimX
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perilla (Perilla frutescens) • a kind of big bean; big • soft; weak; yielding • (Singapore Hokkien) weak; feeble; frail
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荏 • (im) · 荏 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
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Hán-Nôm : nhẫm
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荏
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| 荸
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pu̍t
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Only used in 荸薺／荸荠 (bíqi, “Chinese water chestnut”).
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|
|
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Hán-Nôm : bột • Hán-Nôm : mụt • Hán-Nôm : bụt
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荸
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| 荻
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dek
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Amur silvergrass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • a surname
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‖ 荻(おぎ) or 荻(オギ) • (ogi) ^(←をぎ (wogi)?)
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Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) • reed, cane ‖ Amur silver-grass (Miscanthus sacchariflorus)
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荻 (eum 적 (jeok))
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|
Hán-Nôm : địch
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荻
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| 荼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : drae • Middle-Chinese : du • Middle-Chinese : zyae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu¹
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a type of bitter vegetable, possibly sow thistle or other plants of Asteraceae • (figurative) pain; suffering • spikes of cogon (or other grasses) with long whitish hair • pappus • white ‖ a surname ‖ Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū).
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Ixeridium dentatum • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
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|
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Hán-Nôm : đồ • Hán-Nôm : dưa • Hán-Nôm : giưa
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荼
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| 莎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *soːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : so¹ • Middle-Chinese : swa ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄟ
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Cyperus rotundus • a kind of tree • to wither • Alternative form of 蓑 ‖ Used in personal names , place names and transcription. ‖ Only used in 捼莎.
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|
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莎 • (sa) · 莎 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
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Hán-Nôm : toa • Hán-Nôm : sa
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莎
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| 莒
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kí • Middle-Chinese : kjoX
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taro • (～國) state of Ju during the Zhou dynasty • (～縣) Ju County in Shandong province • a surname
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|
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莒 • (geo) · 莒 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
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|
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莒
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| 莓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : m̂ • Middle-Chinese : mwoj • Middle-Chinese : mwojH • Middle-Chinese : mjuwH
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moss • berry
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‖ 莓(いちご) or 莓(イチゴ) • (ichigo)
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strawberry ‖ Alternative spelling of 苺 (“strawberry”)
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莓 • (mae) · 莓 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
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|
|
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莓
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| 莖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”). \ 脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ). \ Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kja-ŋ (“foot”) (STEDT), whence Tibetan རྐང་པ (rkang pa, “foot; leg; stem; stalk”). \ 脛 (OC *ɡeːŋs, “lower leg”) is also compared to the above Proto-Sino-Tibetan lemma.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwaang² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huâinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : king • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Middle-Chinese : heang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
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stem; stalk; something like a stalk • ^† tall and straight • ^† pillar • ^† (traditional Chinese medicine) penis • ^† handle • Classifier for strips or stalks of objects. ‖ Only used in 姚莖／姚茎.
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stem • stalk
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莖 • (gyeong) · 莖 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
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Hán-Nôm : hành • Hán-Nôm : kinh
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莖
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| 莘
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Middle-Chinese : srin ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Middle-Chinese : srin
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long • numerous • a surname • (～縣) Shen County, a county in Shandong. ‖ a type of marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
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long • numerous • marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
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莘 • (sin) · 莘 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
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long • numerous • a marsh plant whose root is used for medicine
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|
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莘
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| 莞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 完 (OC *ɦŋoːn). ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaan¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwan • Middle-Chinese : hwan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuán ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hwaenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wun⁵
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a type of long-stem watergrass, possibly the softstem rush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani) or Shichito matgrass (Cyperus malaccensis) • mat woven using this kind of grass • a surname ‖ Used in 東莞／东莞 (Dōngguǎn, “Dongguan”); also used as its short form. ‖ smiling ‖ Alternative form of 脘 (wǎn, “gastric cavity”)
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|
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莞 • (gwan, wan) · 莞 • (gwan, wan) (hangeul 관, 완, revised gwan, wan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, wan, Yale kwan, wan)
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Hán-Nôm : hoàn
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莞
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| 莠
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : yuwX
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Setaria viridis (green foxtail, green bristlegrass, wild foxtail millet) • (figurative) bad (one)
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|
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莠 • (yu) · 莠 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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|
|
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莠
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| 莢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Middle-Chinese : kep
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pods of leguminous plants • (Hokkien) Classifier for pod of legumes. • (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for bananas.
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pod • hull • husk • shell • case
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莢 (eumhun 꼬투리 협 (kkoturi hyeop))
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pod (of soybean) • Lespedeza cuneata
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|
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莢
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| 菁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsleŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshenn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshinn • Middle-Chinese : tsjeng
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(literary, obsolete) garlic chive flowers (Allium tuberosum) • (literary, obsolete) flowers • Brassica • Used in 菁菁 (jīngjīng, “luxuriant”). • (Southern Min) betel nut • (Eastern Min) common reed
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|
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菁 • (cheong) · 菁 • (cheong) (hangeul 청, revised cheong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏng, Yale cheng)
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|
Hán-Nôm : thanh • Hán-Nôm : tinh
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菁
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| 菅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 官 (OC *koːn) – a type of grass.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuann • Middle-Chinese : kaen
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^† a variety of grass • a surname
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‖ 菅(すげ) or 菅(スゲ) • (suge) ‖ 菅(すが) • (suga) ‖ 菅(すが) • (Suga) ‖ 菅(かん) • (kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?) ‖ 菅(かん) • (Kan) ^(←くわん (kwan)?)
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‖ a sedge ‖ (rare or in compounds) a sedge ‖ a surname ‖ a variety of grass • Sugawara no Michizane ‖ a surname
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菅 • (gwan) · 菅 • (gwan) (hangeul 관, revised gwan, McCune–Reischauer kwan, Yale kwan)
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Hán-Nôm : gian
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菅
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| 菰
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷaː) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 孤 (OC *kʷaː).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku
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Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
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菰 • (go) · 菰 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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Hán-Nôm : cô
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菰
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| 菸
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Middle-Chinese : 'joH • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩ
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to fade; to wither; to wilt ‖ a kind of smelly grass
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|
|
|
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菸
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| 菽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯwɢ) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 叔 (OC *hljɯwɢ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nuk (“bean, eye”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Proto-Lolo-Burmese *(s-)nok (“bean”) (whence Burmese ပဲနောက် (pai:nauk, “bean”), Lahu nɔ̂ʔ, etc.), Jingpho nòʔ.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : syuwk
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beans and peas collectively; pulse; legume
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|
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菽 • (suk) · 菽 • (suk) (hangeul 숙, revised suk, McCune–Reischauer suk, Yale swuk)
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beans, peas (literary)
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|
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菽
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| 萃
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dzwijH
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to gather; to collect; to assemble • gathering; group • to stop; to halt • Alternative form of 悴 (cuì)
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collect • gather • assemble
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萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) · 萃 • (chwe, chwi, chae) (hangeul 췌, 취, 채, revised chwe, chwi, chae, McCune–Reischauer ch'we, ch'wi, ch'ae, Yale chwey, chwi, chay)
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Hán-Nôm : tụy • Hán-Nôm : tuỵ
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萃
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| 萊
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâi • Middle-Chinese : loj • Middle-Chinese : lojH
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goosefoot • weed (wild grass) • fallow field • (historical) an ancient Dongyi state conquered by Qi
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goosefoot • overgrown field
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萊 (eumhun 명아주 래 (myeong'aju rae), word-initial (South Korea) 명아주 내 (myeong'aju nae))
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Hán-Nôm : lai • Hán-Nôm : lài
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萊
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| 萋
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cai¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshej
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(of vegetation) luxuriant; lush; abundant • Used in 萋斐.
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萋 • (cheo) · 萋 • (cheo) (hangeul 처, revised cheo, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏ, Yale che)
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萋
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| 萱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷan) : semantic 艹 (“grass”) + phonetic 宣 (OC *sqʰon).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hyun¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjwon
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^† daylily (Hemerocallis flava) • ^† mother
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|
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萱 (eum 훤 (hwon))
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Hán-Nôm : hiên • Hán-Nôm : huyên
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萱
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| 萵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qloːl) : semantic 艹 (“herbage”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : meh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o
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lettuce
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萵 • (wa) · 萵 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa)
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Hán-Nôm : oa
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萵
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| 萸
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yu
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Only used in 茱萸 (zhūyú).
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萸 • (yu) · 萸 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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|
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萸
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| 萼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
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calyx
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‖ 萼(がく) • (gaku) ‖ 萼(うてな) • (utena)
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calyx • cup ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals) ‖ (botany) a calyx (collective term for sepals)
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萼 • (ak) · 萼 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
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|
|
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萼
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| 葦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯlʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷɯlʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hjw+jX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ
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^⁜ reed; rush ‖ Alternative form of 緯／纬 (wěi, “to weave”)
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|
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葦 • (wi) · 葦 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
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reed
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canonical : 葦: Hán Việt readings: vy • canonical : vĩ 葦: Nôm readings: vi
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chữ Hán form of vy (“reed”).
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葦
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| 葩
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Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *baːr (“bloom, flower”); compare Burmese ပန်း (pan:) or Zaiwa pan²¹. Probably the same etymon as 瓣 (OC *breːns, “petal”) (Schusessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pha • Middle-Chinese : phae
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^† flower • ^† beautiful • (Southern Min) Classifier for lamps. • (Southern Min) Classifier for things that are strung together.
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|
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葩 (eum 파 (pa))
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Hán-Nôm : ba
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葩
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| 葱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰloːŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 怱 (OC *sʰloːŋ).
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|
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‖ 葱(ねぎ) or 葱(ネギ) • (negi) (counter 本)
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leek • scallion, green onion ‖ scallion, leek
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葱 • (chong) · 葱 • (chong) (hangeul 총, revised chong, McCune–Reischauer ch'ong, Yale chong)
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|
|
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葱
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| 葷
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ
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(Buddhism) strong-smelling vegetables, such as spring onion, garlic and garlic chives • meat or fish dishes (as opposed to vegetarian dishes) • (figurative) low-class; obscene; vulgar; dirty ‖ Only used in 葷粥／荤粥 and 葷鬻／荤鬻.
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strong smelling • strong smelling vegetable, esp. garlic, onion, Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum), Chinese scallion (Allium chinense), Allium macrostemon (Japanese garlic) • meat diet
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葷 • (hun) · 葷 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
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meat diet • strong smelling
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Hán-Nôm : huân • Hán-Nôm : hôi
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葷
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| 蒐
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Middle-Chinese : srjuw
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(literary) madder (Rubia cordifolia) • (literary) to hunt in spring (or autumn) • (archaic) to review troops • (archaic) to conceal; to hide • (alt. form 搜) to gather; to collect; to assemble • (alt. form 搜) to seek; to look for; to search for
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to collect, to gather • collection
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蒐 • (su) · 蒐 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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Hán-Nôm : sưu • Hán-Nôm : cói
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|
蒐
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| 蒞
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁶
|
to attend; to arrive (in an official function or ceremony) • to manage
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|
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蒞 • (ri>i) · 蒞 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
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|
|
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蒞
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| 蒿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : e • Hokkien · Tai-lo : er • Middle-Chinese : xaw
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Artemisia (mugwort; wormwood; sagebrush) • (in compounds) an Artemisia-like plant • evaporating; emitting (scents) • Alternative form of 耗 (“to consume; to use up”) • Used in 蒿目. • a surname: Hao
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wormwood
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蒿 (eumhun 쑥 호 (ssuk ho))
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mugwort
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canonical : 蒿: Hán Việt readings: hao 蒿: Nôm readings: khao
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chữ Hán form of hao (“artemisia”). • Nôm form of khao (“garland chrysanthemum”).
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蒿
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| 蓀
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *suːn) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 孫 (OC *suːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹ • Middle-Chinese : swon
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(literary) sweet flag (Acorus) • Used in 溪蓀／溪荪.
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|
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蓀 • (so) · 蓀 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
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|
|
|
蓀
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| 蓆
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See 席 (OC *ljaːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshio̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Middle-Chinese : zjek
|
woven mat made of bamboo strips or grass
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|
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蓆 • (seok) · 蓆 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
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|
|
|
蓆
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| 蓓
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puē • Middle-Chinese : bojX
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Only used in 蓓蕾 (bèilěi, “flower bud”).
|
|
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蓓 • (bae) · 蓓 • (bae) (hangeul 배, revised bae, McCune–Reischauer pae, Yale pay)
|
|
|
|
蓓
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| 蔔
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 匐 (OC *bɯːɡ, *bɯɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄅㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pa̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ta̍k • Middle-Chinese : bok
|
carrot
|
|
daikon
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蔔 • (bok) · 蔔 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : bặc • Hán-Nôm : bốc
|
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蔔
|
| 蔣
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋʔ) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiúnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiónn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiáng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjang
|
A Warring States-era state in modern-day Henan, China • a surname • Alternative form of 獎／奖 (jiǎng) ‖ Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia)
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|
Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium)
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蔣 • (jang) · 蔣 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
|
Manchurian wild rice (Zizania latifolia, or Hydropyrum latifolium)
|
Hán-Nôm : tưởng
|
|
蔣
|
| 蔭
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯms) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 陰 (OC *qrɯm). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrɯms) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 陰 (OC *qrɯm). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ìm • Middle-Chinese : 'imH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg
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shade of a tree; shadow • a surname ‖ without sunlight, cool and wet • to hide from view; to conceal; to cover • to protect; to shelter • favor from one's ancestors • (obsolete) cellar, darkroom ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 影
|
‖ 蔭(いん) • (in) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on) ‖ 蔭(おん) • (on)
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‖ shade of the tree; shadow of the sun • backing; assistance; shelter • (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) benefit (such as position, rank) from one's ancestor ‖ (historical) under the Ritsuryō system,
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蔭 • (eum) · 蔭 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um)
|
|
|
|
蔭
|
| 蕃
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pan, *ban) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 番 (OC *paːl, *paːls, *pʰaːn, *pʰan, *ban). \ The same word as 繁 (OC *ban). Cognate with Tibetan དཔལ (dpal, “glory; splendor; abundance; magnificence”) (Unger, 1986). ‖ ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huân • Middle-Chinese : bjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huan • Middle-Chinese : pjon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : faan¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³
|
(literary) luxuriant; lush • (literary) abundant; numerous • (literary) to breed; to multiply; to proliferate ‖ Alternative form of 藩 (“to shield; to protect”) ‖ Alternative form of 番 (“foreign”) ‖ Only used in 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “(historical) Tibet”) and 土蕃 (“(historical) Tibet”).
|
‖ 蕃(ばん) • (ban) ^(←ばん (ban)?)
|
grow thick and full (of plant growth) • multiply, increase ‖ barbarian • (historical, Taiwan under Japanese rule, specifically) aboriginal
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蕃 • (beon) · 蕃 • (beon) (hangeul 번, revised beon, McCune–Reischauer pŏn, Yale pen)
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|
Hán-Nôm : phen • Hán-Nôm : phên • Hán-Nôm : phiên
|
|
蕃
|
| 蕙
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷiːds) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 惠 (OC *ɢʷiːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : hwejH
|
orchid
|
|
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蕙 • (hye) · 蕙 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey)
|
|
canonical : 蕙: Hán Việt readings: huệ 蕙: Nôm readings: huệ
|
chữ Hán form of huệ (“tuberose, a species of fragrant white flower”).
|
蕙
|
| 蕨
|
Sino-Tibetan; cognate with Tibetan སྐྱས་མ (skyas ma) ~ སྐྱེས་མ (skyes ma, “fern”) (Schuessler, 2007).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot
|
bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)
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‖ 蕨(わらび) or 蕨(ワラビ) • (warabi) ‖ 蕨(わらび) • (Warabi)
|
‖ bracken (any of several coarse ferns) ‖ Warabi (a city in Saitama Prefecture, Japan)
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蕨 • (gwol) · 蕨 • (gwol) (hangeul 궐, revised gwol, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, Yale kwel)
|
|
|
|
蕨
|
| 蕩
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 湯 (OC *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǒng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tňg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tn̄g • Middle-Chinese : dangX • Middle-Chinese : thangH
|
to sway; to swing • (literary, or in compounds) to wash away; to cleanse • (literary, or in compounds) to clear away; to eliminate • to wander; to roam • (literary, or in compounds) vast and wide; broad and expansive • (literary, or in compounds) flat; level; smooth • (literary, or in compounds) unconstrained and doing whatever one wants
|
|
|
蕩 (eumhun 방탕할 탕 (bangtanghal tang))
|
hanja form of 탕 (“wander”)
|
Hán-Nôm : đãng • Hán-Nôm : đảng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : thững • Hán-Nôm : dãng • Hán-Nôm : vảng
|
|
蕩
|
| 蕪
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju
|
full of weed; overgrown with weed [from Old Chinese] • disused cropland; thickly-grown grassland; weed-choked land [from Old Chinese] • (figurative) of a turgid literary style [from Middle Chinese]
|
‖ 蕪(かぶ) • (kabu) ‖ 蕪(かぶら) • (kabura)
|
turnip ‖ turnip ‖ turnip
|
蕪 • (mu) · 蕪 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : vu
|
|
蕪
|
| 蕭
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sew
|
(obsolete) Chinese mugwort (Artemisia argyi) • desolate; bleak • (obsolete) Alternative form of 肅／肃 (“respectful”) • (～國) (historical) Xiao (an ancient state during the Spring and Autumn period, located in modern-day Xiao County, Anhui) • (～縣) Xiao County (a county of Anhui, China) • a surname
|
|
|
蕭 • (so) · 蕭 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tiêu
|
|
蕭
|
| 薑
|
Originally 䕬, a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaŋ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 彊 (OC *kaŋs, *ɡaŋ, *ɡaŋʔ). \ Note that the simplified form 姜 (OC *klaŋ) is also a traditional character on its own. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kjaŋ (“ginger”). Compare Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiaunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|
ginger
|
|
ginger
|
薑 • (gang) · 薑 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : gừng • Hán-Nôm : khương • Hán-Nôm : cưng ‖
|
‖ Nôm form of gừng (“ginger”).
|
薑
|
| 薔
|
;Etymology 1 \ ;Etymology 2 ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄜˋ • Middle-Chinese : srik
|
Only used in 薔薇／蔷薇 (qiángwēi). ‖ (obsolete) hydropiper (Persicaria hydropiper) • a surname
|
|
|
薔 (eumhun 장미 장 (jangmi jang)) ‖ 薔 (eumhun 물여뀌 색 (muryeokkwi saek))
|
hanja form of 장 (“rose”) ‖ hanja form of 색 (“hydropiper”)
|
Hán-Nôm : tường • Hán-Nôm : sắc
|
|
薔
|
| 薛
|
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : sjet
|
kind of marsh grass • name of a feudal state • a surname
|
|
|
薛 • (seol) · 薛 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
|
|
canonical : 薛: Hán Việt readings: tiết • canonical : tuyết 薛: Nôm readings: tiết
|
|
薛
|
| 薜
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːɡs, *preːɡ) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pē • Middle-Chinese : bejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baak³ • Middle-Chinese : peak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄞˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ
|
Used in 薜荔 (bìlì) and 薜羅／薜罗. • ^‡ type of grass • a surname. ‖ Angelica sinensis (type of medicinal herb) • mountain hemp (Ribes manshuricum) ‖ Alternative form of 劈 (“to rupture”) ‖ ^‡ type of aquatic plant ‖ Alternative form of 僻 (“remote; secluded”)
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|
|
薜 • (byeok, pye) · 薜 • (byeok, pye) (hangeul 벽, 폐, revised byeok, pye, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, p'ye, Yale pyek, phyey)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : bệ
|
|
薜
|
| 薦
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and jiajie (假借) : 艸 (“grass”) + 廌 (“wild beast”) - "pasture". Later borrowed for sound to mean "recommend".
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiān • Middle-Chinese : tsenH
|
to offer; to present • to recommend; to suggest; to endorse • (literary) to sacrifice • (literary) sacrifice; offering • (alt. form 荐) fodder grass • (alt. form 荐) straw mat • (alt. form 荐) repeatedly • (anatomy) Alternative name for 骶 (dǐ, “sacrum”).
|
|
recommend, advise • mat
|
薦 • (cheon) · 薦 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tiến
|
|
薦
|
| 薩
|
Evolved from some variant of 薛. \ The surname originated from the Hui artist 薩都剌 (Sadula) in Yuan dynasty and was clipping of his original name.
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : saat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Middle-Chinese : sat
|
Short for 菩薩／菩萨 (púsà). • a surname
|
‖ 薩(さつ) • (satsu) ^(←さつ (satu)?)
|
‖ Short for 薩摩 (Satsuma, “Satsuma (a former domain in Japan)”).
|
薩 • (sal) · 薩 • (sal) (hangeul 살, revised sal, McCune–Reischauer sal, Yale sal)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tát
|
|
薩
|
| 薰
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun, *qʰuns) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hun • Middle-Chinese : xjun • Middle-Chinese : xjunH
|
fragrance of flowers • coumarou, tonka bean • (Min) cigarette; smoke (Classifier: 支 mn) • to smoke • to cauterize
|
|
smoke • scent • parfume • smolder
|
薰 • (hun) · 薰 • (hun) (hangeul 훈, revised hun, McCune–Reischauer hun, Yale hwun)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : huân
|
|
薰
|
| 藐
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mawʔ, *mraːwɢ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 貌 (OC *mreːwɢs).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : miu⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biáu • Middle-Chinese : mjiewX • Middle-Chinese : maewk
|
^† small; young • ^† to look down on; to think little of • ^† Alternative form of 邈 (miǎo, “faraway; distant”)
|
|
|
藐 • (myo) · 藐 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : miểu • Hán-Nôm : diểu
|
|
藐
|
| 藪
|
‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sóo • Middle-Chinese : suwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau³
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shallow lake overgrown with wild plants • gathering place ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka) Alternative form of 竇／窦 (dòu, “nest; den; home”) (chiefly used in place names.)
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‖ 藪(やぶ) • (yabu) ‖ 藪(やぶ) • (Yabu)
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thicket, grove, copse • collection ‖ a thicket, grove, copse (as of trees, shrubs, or bamboo) • Short for 藪医者 (yabu isha): a poor doctor • Short for 藪入り (yabuiri): a holiday granted to servants on the 16th day of the first and seventh months • Short for 藪睨み (yabunirami): a squint; a misguided thinking or view • Short for 藪蕎麦 (yabusoba): a type of soba made from green buckwheat without the endocarp removed; a shop selling soba in this method ‖ a surname
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藪 • (su) · 藪 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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藪
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| 藹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ái • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH
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amiable; nice; kind • (literary) lush; exuberant • a surname
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藹 • (ae) · 藹 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
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藹
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| 藺
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Middle-Chinese : linH
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(obsolete) common rush; soft rush • a surname
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‖ 藺(い) • (i) ^(←ゐ (wi)?)
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rush, used for tatami covers ‖ a bulrush, a rush
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藺 • (rin>in) · 藺 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
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Hán-Nôm : lận
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藺
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| 蘆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raː, *ra) : semantic 艹 (“plant”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : lu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Middle-Chinese : ljo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ
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reed • root of shepherd's purse • Used in 蘆菔／芦菔 (lúfú). • Used in 葫蘆／葫芦 (húlu). • a surname ‖ Only used in 漏蘆／漏芦 (lòulú). ‖ Only used in 油葫蘆／油葫芦 (yóuhúlú).
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reed, rush (plant)
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蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) · 蘆 • (ro, no, yeo) (hangeul 로, 노, 여, revised ro, no, yeo, McCune–Reischauer ro, no, yŏ, Yale lo, no, ye)
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Hán-Nôm : lô • Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lựa • Hán-Nôm : tuấn
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蘆
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| 蘊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quns) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 縕. \ Compare 韞／韫 (yùn). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ùn • Middle-Chinese : 'jun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan¹
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(literary) to accumulate; to hold in store; to contain • (literary) profoundness; profundity • (Buddhism) skandha ‖ mare's tail, water plants of the genus Hippuris
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‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(うん) • (un) ‖ 蘊(おさむ) • (Osamu) ^(←をさむ (wosamu)?)
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pile up • deep inside • aggregate ‖ pile up; gather; accumulate • depths; bottom; interior • (Buddhism) skandha (aggregate) ‖ abundance, plentifulness • (Buddhism) a skandha (aggregate) ‖ a male given name
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蘊 • (on) · 蘊 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
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Hán-Nôm : uẩn • Hán-Nôm : uẫn
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蘊
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| 蘋
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pông ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin
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Used in 蘋果／苹果 (píngguǒ, “apple”). • Used in 蘋婆／苹婆 (píngpó, “Chinese chestnut”). ‖ water clover, clover fern (family Marsileaceae)
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蘋 • (bin) · 蘋 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
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Hán-Nôm : tần • Hán-Nôm : tằn • Hán-Nôm : thài
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蘋
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| 蘚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin² • Middle-Chinese : sjenX
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lichen, moss
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蘚 • (seon) · 蘚 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
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Hán-Nôm : tiển
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蘚
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| 蘸
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Unknown. ‖ Vernacular reading of 染 (MC nyemX, “to dye; to be stained with”) (Bai, 2003). ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàm • Middle-Chinese : tsreamH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jaam² ‖
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to dip in; to submerge in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.) ‖ (Taishanese) to dip in (sauce, ink, etc.)
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蘸
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| 蘿
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Middle-Chinese : la
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(botany) creeping or trailing plants
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‖ 蘿(かげ) • (kage)
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creeper ‖ wolf's-foot clubmoss (Lycopodium clavatum)
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蘿 • (ra>na) · 蘿 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
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Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : lá
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leaf
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蘿
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| 虔
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According to the Shuowen Jiezi, Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡren) : phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn) + semantic 虍. \ According to Li Xueqin (2012), the phonetic component is instead 虍 (OC *qʰaː). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiân • Middle-Chinese : gjen ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kian
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reverent; devout; pious; respectful; sincere • (obsolete) looking like a tiger walking; strong; powerful • ^† to kill; to slaughter; to murder • ^† to plunder; to loot; to seize • a surname ‖ (chiefly Quanzhou and Xiamen Hokkien) Alternative form of 堅／坚 (“to congeal; to encrust”)
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respect
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虔 (eumhun 공경할 건 (gonggyeonghal geon))
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Hán-Nôm : kiền
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虔
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| 虚
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emptiness, void • falsehood, lie
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虚
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| 虧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷral) : phonetic 雐 (OC *qʰʷlaː) + semantic 亏 (“exhale”). \ ; “quecto-”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khui • Middle-Chinese : khjwe
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to lose; to suffer losses • to be lacking; to be deficient • to treat unfairly • luckily; it is fortunate that; thanks to • used to show irony with a note of reproach • (Cantonese) weak; unhealthy • (Cantonese) not very functional; easy to break • (Mainland China) quecto- (SI unit prefix)
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wane (moon)
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虧 • (hyu) · 虧 • (hyu) (hangeul 휴, revised hyu, McCune–Reischauer hyu, Yale hyu)
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lose, fail • damage • deficient
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Hán-Nôm : khuy • Hán-Nôm : khuya • Hán-Nôm : khuây
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虧
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| 虱
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‖ 虱(しらみ) or 虱(シラミ) • (shirami)
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louse ‖ a sucking louse, especially the head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis)
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虱 • (seul) · 虱 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
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虱
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| 蚕
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : thenX
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Only used in 蜸蚕 (qiǎntiǎn, “earthworm”).
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‖ 蚕(かいこ) or 蚕(カイコ) • (kaiko) ^(←かひこ (kafiko)?) ‖ 蚕(こ) • (ko)
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silkworm ‖ the silkworm (Bombyx mori) • the larva of a silkworm • sericulture • (slang, used by criminals) silk (of clothing) ‖ (obsolete) silkworm
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蚕 • (cheon, jam) · 蚕 • (cheon, jam) (hangeul 천, 잠, revised cheon, jam, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, cham, Yale chen, cam)
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蚕
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| 蚩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tsyhi
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(literary) ignorant; stupid; rude; rustic • (literary) Alternative form of 媸 (chī, “ugly”) • (literary) Alternative form of 嗤 (chī, “to jeer at; to sneer”) • ^‡ a kind of worm (Shuowen) • a surname
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蚩 • (chi) · 蚩 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
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Hán-Nôm : si • Hán-Nôm : xi
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蚩
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| 蚱
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsà • Middle-Chinese : tsraek
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Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), etc.
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蚱 (eum 책 (chaek))
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蚱
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| 蚶
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ham • Middle-Chinese : xam
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ark clam
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ark shell
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蚶
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| 蛆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsa, *sʰa) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 且 (OC *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjo
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maggot • (figurative, derogatory) despicable person • (Southern Min, Puxian Min) wriggler; wiggler; mosquito larva • (Taiwan, neologism, slang, derogatory) supporters of Kuomintang (KMT) ‖ Only used in 蝍蛆 (jíjū).
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蛆 (eum 저 (jeo))
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蛆
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| 蛔
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huê
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Used in 蛔蟲／蛔虫 (huíchóng). • tapeworm • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, derogatory) Muslim
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intestinal worms
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蛔 • (hoe) · 蛔 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
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Hán-Nôm : hồi
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蛔
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| 蛟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːw) : semantic 虫 (“creature”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw). \ Possibly connected with Burmese ခြူး (hkru:, “a type of beast”) and Tibetan ཀླུ (klu, “serpent, naga”) (Schuessler, 2007). However, Schuessler (2007) notices phonological differences between Old Chinese and Written Tibetan.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew
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(～龍) (Chinese mythology) mythical flood dragon • aquatic reptile, including the soft-shelled turtle and the alligator • Alternative form of 鮫／鲛 (jiāo, “shark”)
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A Water Spirit, generally portrayed as a dragon.
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蛟 • (gyo) · 蛟 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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Hán-Nôm : giao
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蛟
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| 蛭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːɡ, *tiɡ, *tjiɡ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 至 (OC *tjiɡs) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-liːt (“leech (water-, horse-)”) (STEDT).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsyit • Middle-Chinese : trit • Middle-Chinese : tet
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leech
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‖ 蛭(ひる) or 蛭(ヒル) • (hiru)
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‖ a leech
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蛭 • (jil) · 蛭 • (jil) (hangeul 질, revised jil, McCune–Reischauer chil, Yale cil)
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(거머리) leech
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Hán-Nôm : điệt
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蛭
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| 蛮
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Simplified from 蠻 (龻 → 𰁜)
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barbarian
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蛮 • (man) · 蛮 • (man) (hangeul 만, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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蛮
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| 蛹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
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(biology) pupa, chrysalis
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chrysalis, pupa
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蛹 • (yong) · 蛹 • (yong) (hangeul 용)
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(번데기): pupa, chrysalis
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Hán-Nôm : dũng • Hán-Nôm : nhộng • Hán-Nôm : dõng • Hán-Nôm : thuồng
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蛹
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| 蜃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 虫 (“insect”). \ May also be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) , with 辰 possibly being an agricultural tool made from clam, see there for more. \ Possibly related to 辰 (OC *djɯn, “5th earthly branch; dragon”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more. \ Carr (1990) organizes characters in the 辰 phonetic series into two groups, one of which is "dragon", which includes 蜃 as well as 晨 (OC *djɯn, “dragon star”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sǐn • Middle-Chinese : dzyinX • Middle-Chinese : dzyinH
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a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam • (mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon • (historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam • (historical) Short for 蜃炭.
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蜃 • (sin) · 蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
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Hán-Nôm : thận • Hán-Nôm : thẩn • Hán-Nôm : thằn
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蜃
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| 蜇
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔl'ed) : phonetic 折 (OC *l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed) + semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”). \ Possibly related to 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds, “scorpion”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat • Middle-Chinese : trjet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiat
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(of bees, scorpions, etc.) to sting; to bite • to sting; to smart ‖ jellyfish
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蜇
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| 蜕
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蜕 • (se) · 蜕 • (se) (hangeul 세, revised se, McCune–Reischauer se, Yale sey)
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蜕
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| 蜢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mé • Middle-Chinese : maengX
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Only used in 蚱蜢 (zhàměng), 草蜢 (cǎoměng) etc.
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蜢
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| 蜥
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : sek
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Only used in 蜥蜴 (xīyì); also used as its short form.
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蜥 • (seok) · 蜥 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
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Hán-Nôm : tích
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蜥
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| 蜴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yek
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Used in compounds.
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蜴 • (cheok) · 蜴 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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Hán-Nôm : dịch
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蜴
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| 蜿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon • Middle-Chinese : 'wan • Middle-Chinese : 'jwonX
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meandering
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蜿 • (won) · 蜿 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
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蜿
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| 蝕
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Same word as 食 (OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ, “to eat”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ From 折.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Middle-Chinese : zyik ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sit⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si̍h
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to corrode; to erode • (astronomy) to eclipse • (Hokkien) to wane; to fade away; to regress; to dissipate ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min, Wu) to lose money • (Cantonese) to have struck a bad bargain; to be at a disadvantage; to lose out • (Cantonese) to wear due to constant friction
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‖ 蝕(しょく) • (shoku)
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‖ eclipse; erosion, corrosion
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蝕 • (sik) · 蝕 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
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Hán-Nôm : thực
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蝕
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| 蝦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰraː, *ɡraː) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 叚 (OC *kraːʔ). \ Related to 赮 (OC *ɡraː, “red”), 霞 (OC *ɡraː, “rosy clouds”), 瑕 (OC *ɡraː, “jade with some red”) (Wang, 1982). \ ;“fan of Xiao Zhan” ‖ ‖ Compare Zhuang ha (“to intimidate; to bully”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hae ‖
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shrimp; prawn; lobster (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn; 尾 m mn) • to bend; to curve; to flex • (slang) fan of Xiao Zhan ‖ Only used in 蝦蟆／虾蟆. ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Southwestern Mandarin, Zhongshan Min) to bully; to pick on
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shrimp, prawn, lobster
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蝦 • (ha) · 蝦 • (ha) (hangeul 하, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
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Hán-Nôm : hà
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蝦
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| 蝨
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Characters in the same phonetic series (卂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sriɡ) : phonetic 卂 (OC *sins, *tods) + semantic 䖵. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-r(j)ik (“louse”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siat • Middle-Chinese : srit
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louse • (literary, figurative) parasite
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‖ 蝨(しらみ) or 蝨(シラミ) • (shirami)
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sucking louse ‖ Alternative spelling of 虱 (“sucking louse”)
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蝨 • (seul) · 蝨 • (seul) (hangeul 슬, revised seul, McCune–Reischauer sŭl, Yale sul)
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canonical : 蝨: Hán Việt readings: sắt
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蝨
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| 蝸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːl, *kʷroːl) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kroj (“shellfish, shell”). From the same root derives 螺 (OC *roːl, “aquatic snail”). \ Perhaps related to Proto-Mon-Khmer *kloʔ (“snail, shellfish”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Middle-Chinese : kwea • Middle-Chinese : kwae
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terrestrial snail
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snail
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蝸 • (wa) · 蝸 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa, Yale wa)
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Hán-Nôm : oa
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蝸
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| 螂
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : long⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bông • Middle-Chinese : ljang • Middle-Chinese : lang
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Used in compounds.
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mantis
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螂 • (rang>nang) · 螂 • (rang>nang) (hangeul 랑>낭, revised rang>nang, McCune–Reischauer rang>nang, Yale lang>nang)
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Hán-Nôm : lang
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螂
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| 螞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 馬 (OC *mraːʔ). \ Traditionally thought to be the same word as 馬 (OC *mraːʔ, “horse > big”). \ Mei (1985) proposes that it is derived from 蝱 (OC *mraːŋ, “horsefly”), which he relates to Proto-Tai *m.leːŋᴬ (“insect”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : má • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bée ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maa¹
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A prefix used in insect names. ‖ Only used in 螞蚱／蚂蚱 (màzha). ‖ Only used in 螞螂／蚂螂 (mālang).
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螞 • (ma) · 螞 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
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(말거머리) horse-leech (Haemopis sanguisuga)
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螞
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| 螟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : meng
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螟 • (myeong) · 螟 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
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螟 (minh)
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螟
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| 螫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰjaːɡ) : phonetic 赦 (OC *hljaɡs) + semantic 虫 (“bug”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshioh • Middle-Chinese : syek
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(literary or Hokkien) to sting; to bite (of venomous insects such as spiders, bees, etc.) • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to use one's beak to bite or tug (of ducks, geese, etc.)
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螫
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| 螳
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tông • Middle-Chinese : dang
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praying mantis
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螳 • (dang) · 螳 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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螳
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| 螻
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw
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mole cricket
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螻 • (ru>nu) · 螻 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
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螻
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| 蟈
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwok³ • Middle-Chinese : kweak
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Alternative form of 蜮 (yù, “legendary creature that has three legs and harms humans”) ‖ frog or toad
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small green frog • cicada
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蟈
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| 蟑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng¹
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Only used in 蟑螂 (zhāngláng).
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canonical : 蟑: Hán Việt readings: chương 蟑: Nôm readings: chương
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chữ Hán form of chương (“cockroach (chương lang/蟑螂)”).
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蟑
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| 蟒
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Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-lja(ŋ/k) (“python”), whence Proto-Loloish *laŋ¹ (“snake”), Proto-Karen *g-laŋ (“python”) (Handel, 1997; STEDT). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mong⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bóng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : báng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ
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python ‖
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蟒 • (mang) · 蟒 • (mang) (hangeul 망, revised mang, McCune–Reischauer mang, Yale mang)
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蟒
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| 蟬
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Characters in the same phonetic series (單) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djan) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 單 (OC *taːn, *djan, *djanʔ, *djans).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâm • Middle-Chinese : dzyen
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cicada (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (literary) a type of silk as thin as a cicada's wing • (literary) cicada-shaped decoration • (literary) continuously; unendingly
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cicada • continuous
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蟬 • (seon) · 蟬 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
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cicada
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Hán-Nôm : thiền
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蟬
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| 蟯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjew, *ʔŋew) : semantic 虫 (“worm”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liô • Middle-Chinese : nyew • Middle-Chinese : 'jiew ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngia̍uh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiauh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiáu
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Only used in 蟯蟲／蛲虫 (náochóng). • (Hokkien) clam • (Mainland China Hokkien) bivalve-like seafood • (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) female genitalia; vulva ‖ (Hokkien) to wriggle; to squirm • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to nitpick; to probe (someone's mistakes, etc.) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, humorous) to pass away; to die
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蟯 • (yo) · 蟯 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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蟯
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| 蟹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːʔ) : phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs) + semantic 虫. Originally written as 蠏. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k(j)aːj (“crab”). Compare S'gaw Karen ဆွဲၣ် (hsweh̀). \ ; “to decrease in value’
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi • Middle-Chinese : heaX
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crab (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Cantonese, slang, of stocks, goods, etc.) to decrease in value, such that selling it will result in loss
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‖ 蟹(かに) or 蟹(カニ) • (kani)
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‖ a crab (infraorder Brachyura)
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蟹 (eumhun 게 해 (ge hae))
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crab
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Hán-Nôm : giải
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蟹
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| 蟻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋralʔ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 義 (OC *ŋrals). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k/p/s-rwak.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiǎ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gí • Middle-Chinese : ngjeX
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ant (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (literary) foam or sediment in wine; lees • (literary) humble; inconsiderable • (literary) black • (literary) in an assembled manner • a surname
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‖ 蟻(あり) or 蟻(アリ) • (ari) ‖ 蟻(ぎ) • (gi) ‖ 蟻(ありのこ) • (arinoko)
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ant ‖ ant ‖ ant ‖ (obsolete) an ant, particularly one without wings • (obsolete) an ant egg or larva
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蟻 (eumhun 개미 의 (gaemi ui)) ‖ ‖ 蟻(あみ) (ami)
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hanja form of 의 (“ant”) ‖ 蟻 \ • 蟻 \ ‖ ant
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Hán-Nôm : nghĩ • Hán-Nôm : nghị
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蟻
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| 蠅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·lɯŋ) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 黽 (OC *mlenʔ, *mliŋʔ, *mreːŋʔ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b-(r/j)aŋ (“fly; bee”). Compare 虻 (OC mˁraŋ, “"horsefly"”), Tibetan སྦྲང་བུ (sbrang bu, “bee”), Burmese ယင် (yang, “fly”), Chepang याङ् (“insect; fly”), Japhug ɣʑo (“bee”) (STEDT; Coblin, 1986; Benedict, 1972; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sîn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : ying
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fly; housefly
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‖ 蠅(はえ) or 蠅(ハエ) • (hae) ^(←はへ (fafe)?)
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‖ Kyūjitai form of 蝿 (“fly”) (insect of the family Muscidae)
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蠅 (eum 승 (seung))
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蠅
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| 蠍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰad) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 歇 (OC *qʰad).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giat • Middle-Chinese : xjot
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scorpion
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‖ 蠍(さそり) or 蠍(サソリ) • (sasori)
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scorpion ‖ a scorpion (any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones)
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蠍 • (gal) · 蠍 • (gal) (hangeul 갈)
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Hán-Nôm : hiết • Hán-Nôm : hạt • Hán-Nôm : yết
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蠍
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| 蠔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 虫 + phonetic 豪 (OC *ɡaːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ô
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oyster
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蠔 • (ho) · 蠔 • (ho) (hangeul 호, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
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Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : hàu • Hán-Nôm : hầu
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oyster
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蠔
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| 蠟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːb) : semantic 虫 (“insect”) + phonetic 巤 (OC *rab). \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-krjap (“bug; ant; insect (lac); cochineal”); cognate with Burmese ချိပ် (hkyip, “lac”), Proto-Loloish *C-gripᴸ (“lac; pine”), Jingpho krep (“bedbug”), Proto-Kiranti *khrep (“bug; ant”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). \ However, this word is not attested until the 2nd to 3rd century (Ferlus, 2012b) (earliest attested in Comments of a Recluse (潛夫論) by Wang Fu (王符)). It may instead be a borrowing from Proto-Vietic *k-raːp (“wax”) (Ferlus, 2012; Jacques, 2016b).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p • Middle-Chinese : lap
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wax • candle (Classifier: 根 m; 枝 m) • light yellow
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‖
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wax • candle • waxy • glazed ‖
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蠟 (eumhun 밀 랍 (mil rap), word-initial (South Korea) 밀 납 (mil nap))
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hanja form of 랍/납 (“wax”) • hanja form of 랍/납 (“candle”)
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Hán-Nôm : rệp • Hán-Nôm : lạp • Hán-Nôm : sáp
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蠟
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| 蠡
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : lje • Middle-Chinese : lwa • Middle-Chinese : lejX
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蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠡 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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Hán-Nôm : lãi
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蠡
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| 蠣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *m·rads) : semantic 虫 (“insect; bug; creature”) + phonetic 厲 (OC *m·rads).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : ljejH
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oyster
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oyster
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蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) · 蠣 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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Hán-Nôm : lệ • Hán-Nôm : lị
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蠣
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| 蠱
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 蟲 (“insects”) + 皿 (“container”) – poisonous insects raised in a container. \ Unclear (Schuessler, 2007). \ “Affair” may be related to 故 (OC *kaːs, “happening; incident”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ
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(historical) a type of artificially cultivated poisonous insect; the one insect remaining in the vessel where toxic insects are allowed to eat each other • insect that grows on rotting grain; pest; vermin • hot, noxious air that harms people; miasma • to entice; to bewitch • malevolent sorcery, including charms, curses and prayers to evil spirits • affair; matter • 18th hexagram of the I Ching (䷑) ‖ Alternative form of 冶 (yě, “bewitchingly pretty; seductive”)
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蠱 • (go) · 蠱 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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蠱
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| 蠶
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Bodman (1980) relates this to Tibetan སྡོམ (sdom, “spider”). Perhaps cognate to 蔪 (OC *zamʔ, “entwine”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dzom
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silkworm
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silkworm
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Hán-Nôm : tàm • Hán-Nôm : tằm
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蠶
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| 蠹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːɡs) : phonetic 橐 (OC *tʰaːɡ) + semantic 䖵 (“insect”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou³ • Middle-Chinese : tuH
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insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. • insect that eats through paper, clothes, wood, etc. · (specifically) silverfish • (figuratively) harmful person; vermin • to erode; to eat away at • moth-eaten; worm-eaten
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蠹 • (du) · 蠹 • (du) (hangeul 두, revised du, McCune–Reischauer tu, Yale twu)
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蠹
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| 蠻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mroːn) : phonetic 䜌 (OC *b·roːn, *b·ron, *b·rons) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). \ Possibly related to Burmese မြန်မာ (mranma, “Myanmar; Burma; Burmese”), Tibetan བྲན (bran, “servant, slave”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Middle-Chinese : maen
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(historical, derogatory) A collective name for all non-Han ethnic groups south of Han areas of China in any given era. • barbarous; savage; uncivilised • rough; rude; unreasonable • rash; hot-headed • valiantly; uncouthly; vulgarly • (colloquial) very; quite
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barbarian
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蠻 (eumhun 오랑캐 만 (orangkae man))
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hanja form of 만 (“barbarian”)
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Hán-Nôm : man • Hán-Nôm : mán • Hán-Nôm : mơn
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蠻
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| 衆
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‖ 衆(しゅう) • (shū) ‖ 衆(しゅう) • (-shū)
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‖ mass; many people • majority ‖
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衆 (eumhun 무리 중 (muri jung))
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hanja form of 중 (“crowd”)
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|
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衆
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| 衢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷa) : semantic 行 + phonetic 瞿 (OC *kʷas, *ɡʷa).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kû • Middle-Chinese : gju
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highway • thoroughfare • intersection
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crossroads
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衢 • (gu) · 衢 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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highway • thoroughfare, intersection
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Hán-Nôm : cù
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衢
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| 袂
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‖ See 𣍐／𫧃. This character is recommended by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Middle-Chinese : mjiejH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : buē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bē ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn
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(literary) sleeve ‖ (Hokkien) Alternative form of 𣍐／𫧃 ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 䘼 (“sleeve”)
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‖ 袂(たもと) • (tamoto)
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sleeve • foot (of a hill or mountain) • edge ‖ the sleeve pouch of a kimono or other Japanese clothing • a sleeve • (archaic) the upper arm • the side or edge of something (for example, a bridge) • the foot or base of something (for example, a mountain)
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袂 • (mye) · 袂 • (mye) (hangeul 몌, revised mye, McCune–Reischauer mye, Yale myey)
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袂
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| 袈
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Middle-Chinese : kae
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Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā).
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袈 • (ga) · 袈 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
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Hán-Nôm : cà • Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : già
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袈
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| 袒
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Uncertain. Schuessler (2007) gives several possibilities: \ * Related to 但 (OC *daːn, *daːnʔ, *daːns, “only”) (Pulleyblank, 1991c); \ * Related to 丹 (OC *taːn, “cinnabar; red”), as skin colour is often associated with "red" (Lau, 1999); \ * Related to Tibetan སྟར (star, “to clean; to polish”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thán • Middle-Chinese : danX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : dreanH
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to bare; to strip oneself naked to the waist • to give unprincipled support; to shield ‖ Original form of 綻／绽 (zhàn, “to split at the seam”).
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袒 • (dan, tan) · 袒 • (dan, tan) (hangeul 단, 탄, revised dan, tan, McCune–Reischauer tan, t'an, Yale tan, than)
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袒
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| 袞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːnʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 㕣 (OC *kloːŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
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imperial robes
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袞 • (gon) · 袞 • (gon) (hangeul 곤, revised gon, McCune–Reischauer kon, Yale kon)
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Hán-Nôm : cổn • Hán-Nôm : gọn
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袞
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| 装
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装 • (jang) · 装 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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装
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| 裊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 鳥 (OC *tɯːwʔ) + semantic 衣. \ Originally written 褭, see there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : niu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niáu • Middle-Chinese : newX
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slender and delicate • Used in 裊裊／袅袅 (niǎoniǎo) and 裊娜／袅娜. • Alternative form of 褭／袅 (niǎo)
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裊 • (nyo>yo) · 裊 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo)
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Hán-Nôm : nẻo
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裊
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| 裔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leds) : semantic 衣 (“cloth”) + phonetic 㕯 (). \ ;border \ ;posterity, descendants
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : è • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ì • Middle-Chinese : yejH
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descendant; posterity • (literary) edge; brim; margin • (literary) borderland; frontier; remote region • (literary) people of the borderlands • (literary) clothing's edge • a surname
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‖ 裔(えい) • (ei) ^(←えい (ei)?) ‖ 裔(えい) • (ei) ^(←えい (ei)?)
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descendant • border ‖ descendants; offspring ‖ (literary) descendants
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裔 • (ye) · 裔 • (ye) (hangeul 예)
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裔
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| 裘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷɯ) : phonetic 求 (OC *ɡu) + semantic 衣 (“clothes”). \ Probably Sino-Tibetan. Various comparanda have been proposed: \ * Tibetan གྲུ (gru, “boat (of inflated hides)”) (Bodman, 1980); \ * Tamang [Term?] (¹kuri, “skin”) (Schuessler, 2007); \ * Tibetan གོས (gos, “clothes”), Japhug ŋga (“to wear”) (Zhang, Jacques and Lai, 2019).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiû • Middle-Chinese : gjuw
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fur coat; fur garment • (literary) to wear a fur coat • (Southern Min) padded jacket; lined jacket • a surname
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‖ 裘(かわごろも) • (kawagoromo)
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‖ fur coat
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裘 • (gu) · 裘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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Hán-Nôm : cừu • Hán-Nôm : cầu
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裘
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| 裟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Middle-Chinese : srae
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Only used in 袈裟 (jiāshā).
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裟 • (sa) · 裟 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
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Hán-Nôm : sa
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裟
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| 裨
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi • Middle-Chinese : pjie ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pî • Middle-Chinese : bjie
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to aid; to benefit; to help • (literary) to make up; to remedy; to supplement • (literary) to add to; to complement ‖ (literary) secondary; assistant; minor; small • (literary) second-class formal attire worn in sacrificial rites in ancient China • a surname
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aid, help
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裨 • (bi) · 裨 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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裨
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| 裴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *buːl, *bɯl) : phonetic 非 (OC *pɯl) + semantic 衣 (“clothing”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puê • Middle-Chinese : bwoj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ • Middle-Chinese : bj+j
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^† (of clothing) long • Used in 裴回 • a surname ‖ Only used in 即裴.
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裴 (eum 배 (bae))
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Hán-Nôm : bùi
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Chữ Hán form of Bùi (“a surname from Chinese.”).
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裴
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| 褓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bou² • Middle-Chinese : pawX
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(literary) swaddling clothes
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褓 • (bo) · 褓 • (bo) (hangeul 보, revised bo, McCune–Reischauer po, Yale po)
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褓
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| 褚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taʔ, *tʰaʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taʔ, *tʰaʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thú • Middle-Chinese : trhjoX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyu⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu² • Middle-Chinese : trjoX
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a surname ‖ silk wadding; stuffing in clothing • Alternative form of 貯／贮 (zhù, “to collect; to store up; stored goods”) • bag; container for goods
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bag
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褚 • (jeo) · 褚 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
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vest • bag
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canonical : 褚: Hán Việt readings: trử 褚: Nôm readings: chử
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褚
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| 褫
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Middle-Chinese : drje • Middle-Chinese : drjeX • Middle-Chinese : trhjeX • Middle-Chinese : trhiX
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to take off • to strip; to deprive
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褫 • (chi) · 褫 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
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褫
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| 褲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaːs) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 庫 (OC *kʰaːs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khòo • Middle-Chinese : khuH
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pants; trousers (Classifier: 條／条 c; 領／领 mn)
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pants, trousers
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褲 (eumhun 바지 고 (baji go)) ‖ 褲 (eumhun 사타구니 과 (sataguni gwa))
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trousers, pants (US) ‖ (anatomy) groin, crotch
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Hán-Nôm : khố
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褲
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| 褸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roː, *roʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː, *ɡ·ro). ‖ From 摟／搂 (lau1, “to drape”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁵ • Middle-Chinese : luw • Middle-Chinese : ljuX ‖
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Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ). ‖ (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew) coat
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rag • collar, neck
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褸 • (ru>nu) · 褸 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
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褸
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| 褻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋed) : phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls, “clothes”) + semantic 埶.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sit³ • Middle-Chinese : sjet
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licentious; intimate; light-hearted • disrespectful • (obsolete) close-fitting underwear • (obsolete) casual clothes worn at home
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‖ 褻(け) • (ke)
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(け) informal • (けがす) defile, profane ‖ informal; everyday affairs
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褻 • (seol) · 褻 • (seol) (hangeul 설, revised seol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, Yale sel)
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褻
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| 襄
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *snaŋ) : phonetic 𤕦 () + semantic 衣 (Li Xueqin, 2012). \ ; “to remove”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Middle-Chinese : sjang
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(literary) to aid; to help; to assist • (literary) to accomplish; to achieve; to complete • (literary) to remove • (literary) to raise up; to ascend over • (literary) tall; high • Alternative form of 驤／骧 (xiāng) • Alternative form of 攘 • a surname
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To rise; raise
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襄 (eumhun 도울 양 (doul yang))
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Hán-Nôm : tương
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襄
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| 襖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːʔ, *quːʔ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 奧 (OC *quːɡs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : áu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ó • Middle-Chinese : 'awX
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(Chinese-style) coat; jacket
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‖ 襖(ふすま) • (fusuma)
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opaque sliding door ‖ (architecture) fusuma, a sliding panel
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襖 • (o) · 襖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
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Hán-Nôm : áo
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襖
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| 襠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːŋ) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 當 (OC *taːŋ, *taːŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang
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crotch (of pants) • crotch (area between legs) • sleeveless garment; vest; waistcoat
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‖ 襠(まち) • (machi)
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‖ gusset, gore, godet
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襠 • (dang) · 襠 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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襠
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| 襤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 衣 (“clothes”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lam • Middle-Chinese : lam
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garments without hems • Used in 襤褸／褴褛 (lánlǚ).
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rag
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襤 • (ram>nam) · 襤 • (ram>nam) (hangeul 람>남, revised ram>nam, McCune–Reischauer ram>nam, Yale lam>nam)
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襤
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| 襪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mad) : semantic 衣 (“clothing”) + phonetic 蔑 (OC *meːd, *meːd).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : be̍rh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bue̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bēr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bua̍t • Middle-Chinese : mjot
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sock; stocking (Classifier: 隻／只 c; 對／对 c)
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‖ 襪(しとうず) • (shitōzu)
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socks ‖ (clothing) ankle-tied silk socks, worn by high nobles in formal court dress and priests.
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襪 • (mal) · 襪 • (mal) (hangeul 말, revised mal, McCune–Reischauer mal, Yale mal)
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(버선 말, beoseon-): socks, footmuffs of Korean tradition
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襪
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| 襯
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : can³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàn • Middle-Chinese : tsrhinH
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inner garment • lining; liner • to line; to place underneath • to set off; to serve as a foil; to contrast; to make stand out against the background • (alt. form 儭／𠋆, 嚫／𰈍) to give alms; to donate for charity • (Cantonese) to match (of clothes)
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襯 (eum 친 (chin))
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Hán-Nôm : sấn
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襯
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| 覃
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Middle-Chinese : dom ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam⁴
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(obsolete) long • (obsolete) to spread; to extend • (obsolete) to widely bestow • (literary) deep; profound • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 剡 (yǎn, “sharp; pointed”) ‖ a surname
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deep, extend, large
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覃 (eum 담 (dam))
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Hán-Nôm : đàm
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覃
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| 覓
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 爪 (“hand”) + 見 (“to see”). ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ba̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bā • Middle-Chinese : mek ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : bāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi ‖ ‖
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to search for; to seek; to hunt out for; to look into; to look out for; to investigate; to explore; to inquire into; to research ‖ (Hokkien) to inspect; to probe; to see; to examine face-to-face; to visit and inquire about • (Hokkien) give something a go; give something a try (used after a verb) ‖ (Hainanese, Leizhou Min) to look for; to seek ‖ (Teochew) Alternative form of 揣 (“to look for; to seek”)
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覓 • (myeok) · 覓 • (myeok) (hangeul 멱, revised myeok, McCune–Reischauer myŏk, Yale myek)
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Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : mích • Hán-Nôm : mịch
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覓
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| 覦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lo, *los) : phonetic 俞 (OC *l̥ʰus, *lo) + semantic 見 (“to see”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yu • Middle-Chinese : yuH
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覦
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| 覬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯls) : phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ) + semantic 見 (“to see”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : kijH
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coveting high rank
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覬 • (gi) · 覬 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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覬
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| 覲
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìnn • Middle-Chinese : ginH
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to have an audience (with the Emperor, leader, president, etc.)
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覲 • (geun) · 覲 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune–Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)
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Hán-Nôm : cận
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覲
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| 触
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Unorthodox variant simplified from 觸 (蜀 → 虫) found in the Ming dynasty orthographic dictionary 《字學三正》. Also found in 《宋元以來俗字譜》, a variant forms dictionary compiled in 1930. \ Eventually adopted as an official simplified character by the People's Republic of China in the 1956 Chinese Character Simplification Scheme. ‖ Found in the historical Kangxi dictionary published during the Qing dynasty and cited from 《古今注》, a narrative work on ancient China written by 崔豹 during the Western Jin period (265–316 AD). \ The scholars who compiled the Kangxi dictionary may have confused this character with 𩶥 which is visually similar.
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‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ
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‖ ^‡ white fish with red tail See also: 魧 • ^‡ type of fish that is male
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to touch; to contact
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触 • (chok) · 触 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
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Hán-Nôm : xúc
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触
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| 觴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : syang
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(literary) wine cup; drinking vessel • (literary) to toast; to drink
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觴 (eum 상 (sang))
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觴
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| 訊
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Characters in the same phonetic series (卂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sins) : semantic 言 + phonetic 卂 (OC *sins, *tods).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sìn • Middle-Chinese : sinH
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to inquire; to ask • to question; to interrogate • to call to account; to admonish • to state; to report • message; information; news • (obsolete, poetry) coda; conclusion • (obsolete) captured prisoners
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ask; question
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訊 • (sin) · 訊 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)
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Hán-Nôm : tấn
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訊
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| 訌
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hōng • Middle-Chinese : huwng
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confusion; discord; strife; quarrel
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get confused
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訌 • (hong) · 訌 • (hong) (hangeul 홍, revised hong, McCune–Reischauer hong, Yale hong)
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訌
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| 訕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːn, *sraːns) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 山 (OC *sreːn)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan • Middle-Chinese : sraen • Middle-Chinese : sraenH
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to mock; to slander • embarrassed; ashamed
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abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule
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訕 • (san) · 訕 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
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abuse • slander • vilify • ridicule
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訕
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| 訖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯd) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乞 (OC *kʰɯds, *kʰɯd). \ See 暨 (jì) for etymology.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gat¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gut • Hokkien · Tai-lo : git • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gert • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kit • Middle-Chinese : kj+t
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to bring to an end; to complete; to finish; to conclude • finally; at last • all
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come to an end • reach • arrive at • finally
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訖 • (heul) · 訖 • (heul) (hangeul 흘, revised heul, McCune–Reischauer hŭl, Yale hul)
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訖
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| 訛
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Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls) \ Related to 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls, “to change”) (Schuessler, 2007). Possibly also related to 偽 (OC *ŋʷrals) (Schuessler, 2007), but see there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngwa
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(literary, or in compounds) erroneous; mistaken • (literary, or in compounds) error; mistake • to extort; to blackmail • Alternative form of 吪
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訛 (eumhun 그릇될 와 (geureutdoel wa))
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hanja form of 와 (“erroneous; mistaken”)
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Hán-Nôm : ngoa • Hán-Nôm : ngỏa • Hán-Nôm : ngoả
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訛
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| 訝
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngaa⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gēe • Middle-Chinese : ngaeH
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to be surprised; to be astonished • Alternative form of 迓 (yà, “to meet; to welcome”)
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doubt
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訝 • (a) · 訝 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a, Yale a)
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訝
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| 訣
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Middle-Chinese : kwet
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knack; secret; trick of the trade • mnemonic chant; rhyme for remembering something; rhymed formula • to take leave of; to bid farewell • (obsolete) to bid farewell to a dead person
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separation • part • secret
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訣 • (gyeol) · 訣 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
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take leave of • bid farewell
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canonical : 訣: Hán Việt readings: quyết
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訣
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| 訥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːd) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neot⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lu̍t • Middle-Chinese : nwot
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slow of speech; speaking in a clumsy manner • taciturn; speaking little
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訥 (eumhun 말 더듬을 눌 (mal deodeumeul nul))
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hanja form of 눌 (“mumble; stammer”)
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Hán-Nôm : nột • Hán-Nôm : dốt • Hán-Nôm : nói • Hán-Nôm : nốt • Hán-Nôm : nuốt
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訥
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| 註
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tos, *tjos) : semantic 訁 + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsù • Middle-Chinese : tsyuH • Middle-Chinese : trjuH
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to annotate; to comment • to record; to register • comment; note; annotation
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‖
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to explain in detail ‖
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註 • (ju) · 註 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
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Hán-Nôm : chú • Hán-Nôm : chua
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註
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| 証
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyengH
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(literary) to admonish
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‖ ‖ 証(あかし) • (akashi) ‖ 証(しょう) • (shō)
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to admonish ‖ prove, verify ‖ proof, evidence, testimony ‖ proof, verification • (Buddhism) enlightenment • (traditional Chinese medicine) symptoms
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証 • (jeong) · 証 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
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Hán-Nôm : chứng • Hán-Nôm : chống • Hán-Nôm : chững • Hán-Nôm : chừng
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証
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| 詁
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu³ • Middle-Chinese : kuX
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詁 • (go) · 詁 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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canonical : 詁: Hán Việt readings: cổ
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詁
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| 詆
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tí • Middle-Chinese : dej • Middle-Chinese : tejX • Middle-Chinese : thek
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to condemn; to attack • to slander; to defame • to deceive; to cheat
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詆 • (jeo) · 詆 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
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canonical : 詆: Hán Việt readings: để
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詆
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| 詛
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zo³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsóo • Middle-Chinese : tsrjoH
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curse • to curse • to swear, pledge
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curse
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詛 • (jeo) · 詛 • (jeo) (hangeul 저, revised jeo, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, Yale ce)
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詛 (trớ, chú, thư, trù)
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詛
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| 詢
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : swin
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to inquire into; to ask about; to consult with
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詢 • (sun) · 詢 • (sun) (hangeul 순, revised sun, McCune–Reischauer sun, Yale swun)
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Hán-Nôm : tuân
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詢
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| 詫
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caa³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thà • Middle-Chinese : trhaeH
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to be surprised; to be astonished • (literary) to brag; to show off • (literary) to tell; to inform • (literary) to cheat; to deceive
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詫 • (ta) · 詫 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
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Hán-Nôm : sá
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詫
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| 詬
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : kuwX • Middle-Chinese : khuwH • Middle-Chinese : xuwH
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詬 • (gu) · 詬 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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Hán-Nôm : cấu
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詬
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| 詭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krolʔ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 危 (OC *ŋrol).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuí • Middle-Chinese : kjweX
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sly; cunning; tricky; deceitful • (literary) weird; bizarre
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lie • deceive
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詭 • (gwe) · 詭 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
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deceive, cheat, defraud • sly
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Hán-Nôm : quỷ • Hán-Nôm : ngụy • Hán-Nôm : nguỵ
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詭
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| 詹
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiam • Middle-Chinese : tsyem
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verbose; garrulous • to talk too much; to be verbose • to arrive; to reach • to manage; to administer • Alternative form of 瞻 (zhān, “to look upward or forward”) • a surname
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talk too much • verbose
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詹 • (cheom) · 詹 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
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arrive • verbose
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Hán-Nôm : chiêm
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詹
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| 詼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khue • Middle-Chinese : khwoj
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詼 • (hoe) · 詼 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
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canonical : 詼: Hán Việt readings: khôi
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詼
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| 誅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *to) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 朱 (OC *tjo).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : trju
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to execute; to kill; to put to death • to punish • to censure; to blame • (Cantonese, mahjong) to discard tiles such that the next player cannot improve their hand
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blame • kill, execute
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誅 • (ju) · 誅 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
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Hán-Nôm : tru • Hán-Nôm : trô
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誅
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| 誉
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‖ 誉(たかし) • (Takashi) · 誉(ほまれ) • (Homare)
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reputation • honor • glory ‖ a male given name • a female given name
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誉 • (ye) · 誉 • (ye) (hangeul 예, revised ye, McCune–Reischauer ye, Yale yey)
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canonical : 誉: Hán Việt readings: dự
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誉
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| 誑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong² • Middle-Chinese : kjwangH
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to deceive; to lie; to delude; to cheat
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誑 • (gwang) · 誑 • (gwang) (hangeul 광, revised gwang, McCune–Reischauer kwang, Yale kwang)
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canonical : 誑: Hán Việt readings: cuống
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誑
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| 誡
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krɯːɡs) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 戒 (OC *krɯːɡs, “guard against”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài • Middle-Chinese : keajH
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to warn; to admonish; to caution • to take precautions; to guard against • (religion) commandments; precepts; tenets
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admonish • warn • prohibit
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誡 • (gye) · 誡 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
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canonical : 誡: Hán Việt readings: giới
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誡
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| 誣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ma) : semantic 言 + phonetic 巫 (OC *ma).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bû • Middle-Chinese : mju
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to make false accusation; to defame • to deceive; to hoodwink
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誣 • (mu) · 誣 • (mu) (hangeul 무, revised mu, McCune–Reischauer mu, Yale mu)
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Hán-Nôm : vu
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誣
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| 誥
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gou³ • Middle-Chinese : kawH
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to inform; to notify; to admonish; to order
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state • give instructions
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誥 • (go) · 誥 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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inform, notify, admonish, order
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Hán-Nôm : cáo
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誥
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| 誨
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmɯːs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 每 (OC *mɯːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fui³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hué • Middle-Chinese : xwojH
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to teach; to instruct • to encourage; to induce
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instruct
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誨 • (hoe) · 誨 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
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Hán-Nôm : hối • Hán-Nôm : húi
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誨
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| 說
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic 言 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds). \ All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007). STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (“free; release; slip; dislocate”). \ Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of 悅 (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3). \ Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : seh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : serh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sueh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suat • Middle-Chinese : sywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suè • Middle-Chinese : sywejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ywet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛ
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to say; to speak • to explain • to refer to • to discuss • to introduce; to bring parties together • to criticize; to scold; to upbraid • to perform • theory; explanation ‖ to persuade; to canvass; to lobby • (Quanzhou Hokkien) to swindle; to defraud; to cheat out of ‖ Alternative form of 悅／悦 (yuè, “happy; delighted”) ‖ Alternative form of 脫／脱 (“to free; to relieve”)
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opinion • theory • explanation • rumor
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說 (eumhun 말씀 설 (malsseum seol)) ‖ 說 (eumhun 달랠 세 (dallael se)) ‖ 說 (eumhun 기쁠 열 (gippeul yeol))
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hanja form of 설 (“theory, opinion, view; rumour”) [noun] • hanja form of 설 (“theory”) [suffix] • hanja form of 설 (“to explain; to speak; to talk”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 세 (“to persuade”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 열 (“used in personal names”) • (literary Chinese) Alternative form of 悅 (“hanja form of 열 (“to be happy”)”)
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Hán-Nôm : thuyết
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說
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| 説
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‖ 説(せつ) • (setsu)
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theory • explanation ‖ theory
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説 • (seol, se, yeol) · 説 • (seol, se, yeol) (hangeul 설, 세, 열, revised seol, se, yeol, McCune–Reischauer sŏl, se, yŏl, Yale sel, sey, yel)
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Hán-Nôm : thuyết • Hán-Nôm : thót • Hán-Nôm : thốt
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説
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| 誼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrals) : semantic 言 + phonetic 宜 (OC *ŋral). \ In some lects, the pronunciation of 誼／谊 is the same as that of 宜 (i.e. in the light level tone (陽平／阳平)). This is the result of dubanbian (讀半邊／读半边 (dúbànbiān)).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gî • Middle-Chinese : ngjeH
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friendship • Alternative form of 義／义 (yì) • Alternative form of 議／议 (yì)
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friendship • closeness; intimacy
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誼 (eum 의 (ui))
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Hán-Nôm : nghị
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誼
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| 諂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰomʔ) : semantic 言 + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cim² • Middle-Chinese : trhjemX
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^† to flatter; to truckle; to toady
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flatter
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諂 • (cheom) · 諂 • (cheom) (hangeul 첨, revised cheom, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏm, Yale chem)
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canonical : 諂: Hán Việt readings: xiểm • canonical : siểm 諂: Nôm readings: xiểm • canonical : siểm
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chữ Hán form of siểm (“to flatter”).
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諂
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| 諄
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjun, *tjuns) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 𦎧 ().
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Middle-Chinese : tsywin • Middle-Chinese : tsywinH
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earnest
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earnest
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諄 (eum 순 (sun))
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Hán-Nôm : truân
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諄
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| 諉
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai² • Middle-Chinese : nrjweH
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to shirk; to give excuses
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諉 • (wi) · 諉 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
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諉
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| 諍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsreːŋs) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsènn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Middle-Chinese : tsreangH
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^† to remonstrate; to admonish • (Southern Min) to quarrel; to fight
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|
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諍 • (jaeng) · 諍 • (jaeng) (hangeul 쟁, revised jaeng, McCune–Reischauer chaeng, Yale cayng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tránh
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|
諍
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| 諜
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍p • Middle-Chinese : dep
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espionage; spying • spy; agent
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|
|
諜 • (cheop) · 諜 • (cheop) (hangeul 첩, revised cheop, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏp, Yale chep)
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|
Hán-Nôm : điệp
|
|
諜
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| 諫
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàn • Middle-Chinese : kaenH
|
to remonstrate; to admonish
|
‖ 諫(かん) • (kan) ‖ 諫(かん) • (kan)
|
‖ admonition ‖ admonish • dissuade
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諫 (eum 간 (gan))
|
remonstrate • admonish
|
Hán-Nôm : gián
|
|
諫
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| 諱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰʷɯls) : semantic 言 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huì • Middle-Chinese : xjw+jH
|
to avoid mentioning • to avoid; to regard as taboo • taboo • (historical) name of a deceased emperor or elder • (obsolete) to fear; to dread • (obsolete, euphemistic) to die
|
|
real name used during life, as opposed to a posthumous name
|
諱 (eum 휘 (hwi))
|
conceal • shun • regard as taboo
|
Hán-Nôm : húy • Hán-Nôm : huý
|
|
諱
|
| 諷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *plums) : semantic 言 + phonetic 風 (OC *plum, *plums).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : fung³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng • Middle-Chinese : pjuwngH
|
to satirize; to mock; to criticize; to remonstrate (using implicit language) • to advise using mild and indirect language; to suggest in a tactful and veiled manner • (literary) to recite; to incant
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|
|
諷 • (pung) · 諷 • (pung) (hangeul 풍)
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|
Hán-Nôm : phúng
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|
諷
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| 諺
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
|
proverb; maxim • Korean hangul
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‖ 諺(ことわざ) • (kotowaza)
|
‖ a proverb (phrase expressing a basic truth)
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諺 • (eon, an) · 諺 • (eon, an) (hangeul 언, 안, revised eon, an, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, an, Yale en, an)
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old name for Hangeul, the Korean script; Eonmun • vernacular Korean language (in contrast to written Chinese texts) • a proverb
|
Hán-Nôm : ngạn
|
|
諺
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| 謊
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Originally written as 詤. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmaːŋʔ) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs)
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Cantonese · Jyutping : fong¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fong² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hóng
|
lie; untruth • to lie; to tell a lie
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|
lie
|
謊 (eumhun 잠꼬대할 황 (jamkkodaehal hwang))
|
hanja form of 황 (“lie”)
|
Hán-Nôm : hoang
|
|
謊
|
| 謗
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *paːŋs) : semantic 言 (“speech; words”) + phonetic 旁 (OC *baːŋ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pòng • Middle-Chinese : pangH
|
(archaic, now mostly obsolete) to criticize (especially in an open manner) • (literary) to slander; to defame; to vilify
|
|
slander
|
謗 (eumhun 헐뜯을 방 (heoltteudeul bang))
|
hanja form of 방 (“slandering”)
|
|
|
謗
|
| 謨
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bôo • Middle-Chinese : mu
|
(literary) plan; strategy • (literary) to plan; to strategize; to deliberate
|
|
plan • deliberate
|
謨 (eum 모 (mo))
|
|
canonical : 謨: Hán Việt readings: mồ
|
|
謨
|
| 謬
|
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiː(l/r) (“to bend; to wind; to twist; to roll”), i.e. “to twist words; to twist the truth”. Related to 糾 (OC *krɯwʔ, “to entangle”), 絞 (OC *kreːwʔ, “to twist; to strangle”), 摎 (OC *krɯːw, “to strangle”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biū • Middle-Chinese : mjiwH
|
false; wrong; erroneous • error; mistake • to deceive; to twist the truth • a surname
|
|
mistake
|
謬 (eumhun 그릇될 류 (geureutdoel ryu), word-initial (South Korea) 그릇될 유 (geureutdoel yu))
|
hanja form of 류/유 (“false; wrong; erroneous”)
|
canonical : 謬: Hán Việt readings: mậu
|
chữ Hán form of mậu (“mistake”).
|
謬
|
| 譁
|
|
|
|
|
noisy
|
譁 (eumhun 시끄러울 화 (sikkeureoul hwa))
|
|
|
|
譁
|
| 譎
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwat¹ • Middle-Chinese : kwet
|
to deceive; to cheat
|
|
|
譎 • (hyul) · 譎 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : quyệt • Hán-Nôm : quịt
|
|
譎
|
| 譏
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 言 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
|
to ridicule; to jeer; to mock • (literary) to interrogate • (literary) to exhort; to admonish
|
|
|
譏 • (gi) · 譏 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
|
|
canonical : 譏: Hán Việt readings: cơ • canonical : ky • canonical : kỵ
|
chữ Hán form of cơ (“ridicule, admonish”).
|
譏
|
| 譚
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tânn • Middle-Chinese : dom • Middle-Chinese : domX
|
Alternative form of 談／谈 (tán, “to discuss”) • a surname
|
‖ 譚(たん) • (-tan)
|
story ‖ story; tale
|
譚 • (dam) · 譚 • (dam) (hangeul 담, revised dam, McCune–Reischauer tam, Yale tam)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : đàm
|
|
譚
|
| 譴
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰens) : semantic 言 + phonetic 遣 (OC *kʰenʔ, *kʰens).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiàn • Middle-Chinese : khjienH
|
to censure; to reprimand; to blame; to condemn • (archaic) to demote; to banish from court • offense; crime
|
|
reproach
|
譴 (eumhun 꾸짖을 견 (kkujijeul gyeon))
|
hanja form of 견 (“scold; reprimand”)
|
Hán-Nôm : khiển • Hán-Nôm : khiến
|
|
譴
|
| 讒
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm, *zraːms) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm • Middle-Chinese : dzream • Middle-Chinese : dzraemH
|
to slander; to defame; to vilify; to speak maliciously of others • slander; defamation; libel • slanderer
|
‖ 讒(ざん) • (zan)
|
‖ false charge; slander; defamation
|
讒 (eumhun 참소할 참 (chamsohal cham))
|
hanja form of 참 (“to slander”)
|
canonical : 讒: Hán Việt readings: sàm • canonical : gièm 讒: Nôm readings: gièm • canonical : sàm • canonical : xàm • canonical : sòm • canonical : sờm • canonical : sồm • canonical : sóm
|
chữ Hán form of sàm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of gièm (“to slander”). • Nôm form of xàm (“to chatter; to prattle”).
|
讒
|
| 讖
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰrims) : semantic 言 (“words; speech; language”) + phonetic 韱 (OC *sem).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshàm • Middle-Chinese : tsrhimH
|
prophecy; hint; omen
|
|
a revealing omen
|
讖 • (cham) · 讖 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
|
|
canonical : 讖: Hán Việt readings: sấm ‖ romanization : sấm
|
‖ chữ Hán form of sấm (“prophecy”).
|
讖
|
| 谿
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴
|
Alternative form of 溪 • valley; gorge • Used in place names. • a surname: Xi ‖ Only used in 勃谿 (bójī). • Only used in 蠰谿.
|
|
valley
|
谿 • (gye) · 谿 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
|
|
|
|
谿
|
| 豉
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡjes) : semantic 豆 (“bean”) + phonetic 支 (OC *kje). \ The orthodox form in Shuowen was 𢻃, which has 尗 (“legume; bean”) instead of 豆.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : dzyeH
|
fermented bean
|
|
|
豉 • (si) · 豉 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thị • Hán-Nôm : xị • Hán-Nôm : sĩ • Hán-Nôm : xệ
|
|
豉
|
| 豎
|
Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djoʔ) : semantic 臤 + phonetic 豆 (OC *doːs).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sū • Middle-Chinese : dzyuX
|
to erect; to make vertical • vertical • upright; perpendicular to the ground • (Chinese calligraphy) a vertical stroke (㇑) • (historical) attendant; boy servant • a surname: Shu
|
|
|
豎 • (su) · 豎 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thụ
|
|
豎
|
| 豔
|
Originally 豓. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lams) : semantic 豐 (“abundant, great”) + phonetic 盇 () (corrupted to 盍). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs, though with uncertainty, *r-jams > *jams, compares it to Thai เรี่ยม (riamᴮ²), and proposes it was from Tai.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iām • Middle-Chinese : yemH
|
(of color) bright and gorgeous; gaudy • relating to love relationships; romantic • (literary) to envy; to admire • a surname
|
|
Alternative form of 艷, which is the kyūjitai form of 艶
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : diệm • Hán-Nôm : diễm
|
|
豔
|
| 豕
|
Pictogram (象形) – a pig. Compare 亥. \ Possibly from Austroasiatic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *liik ~ *lik (“pig”) and Mon ကၠိက် (kloik, “pig”). Also occurs in the Cai-Long languages, from which Hölzl (2021) derives the name Ta-Li for the aforementioned language subgroup.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syeX
|
(obsolete) pig; boar
|
|
pig, hog
|
豕 • (si) · 豕 • (si) (hangeul 시, revised si, McCune–Reischauer si, Yale si)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thỉ
|
|
豕
|
| 豢
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huǎn • Middle-Chinese : hwaenH
|
to feed livestock • to rear; to raise livestock • livestock • (figurative) to bribe
|
|
|
豢 (eum 환 (hwan))
|
|
|
|
豢
|
| 豬
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ta) : semantic 豕 + phonetic 者 (OC *tjaːʔ). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Löffler (1966) considers Mru tia (“(wild) pig”) to be cognate. \ Fangyan states that 豭 (OC *kraː) is a dialectal variant of 豬 (OC *ta), yet *kra was apparently older than *t(r)a and homophonic with 麚 (OC *kraː, “stag”); so instead *t(r)a is possibly an early rural dialectal variant (from the sound changes *ʈa < *tra < *Cra) of *kra, which would have had a general meaning of "male animal". See 豭 for more. ‖ Referring to the similar-sounding word 處／处 (cyu2).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tu • Middle-Chinese : trjo ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹
|
pig; hog; swine (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 口 m; 隻／只 c mn; 條／条 c h) • (figurative, colloquial, often as a term of abuse) pig (a lazy, lowly or contemptible person) • (Cantonese, figuratively) stupid; foolish • (Cantonese, figuratively) to act in a stupid or foolish manner ‖ (Cantonese) virginity (Classifier: 隻／只 c)
|
|
Kyūjitai form of 猪
|
豬 (eumhun 돼지 저 (dwaeji jeo))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : trư • Hán-Nôm : chưa • Hán-Nôm : trơ • Hán-Nôm : kiệt
|
|
豬
|
| 貂
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːw) : semantic 豸 + phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiau • Middle-Chinese : tew
|
marten • a surname
|
‖ 貂(てん) or 貂(テン) • (ten)
|
‖ Japanese marten, Martes melampus
|
貂 • (cho) · 貂 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
(담비 초, dambi-): marten, sable
|
Hán-Nôm : điêu
|
|
貂
|
| 貉
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lok³ • Middle-Chinese : hak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek
|
tanuki (raccoon dog) ‖ Alternative form of 貊 (mò)
|
|
badger • raccoon dog (tanuki)
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hạc • Hán-Nôm : lạc • Hán-Nôm : mạch • Hán-Nôm : hào • Hán-Nôm : mạ
|
|
貉
|
| 貓
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːw, *mrew) : semantic 豸 + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew). \ Ma Xulun suggested that 豸 was the original character of 貓. \ Onomatopoeic. Compare 喵 (miāo, “meow, the onomatopoeic cry of a cat”). \ Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *mau, reasoning that 貓's place among division II syllables results from its onomatopoeic nature instead of an Old Chinese medial *-r-; onomatopoeia is also responsible for the 陰平／阴平 (yīnpíng) tone instead of the expected 陽平／阳平 (yángpíng). ‖ ‖ Borrowed from English modem.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : niau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Middle-Chinese : mjew • Middle-Chinese : maew ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠ
|
cat (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hide oneself • (Mandarin, colloquial) to hang around; to stay somewhere doing nothing • (Cantonese) to get drunk • (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) stingy; miserly • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) lecherous; lascivious • (Cantonese, non-productive) person with a non-positive attribute ‖ (Mandarin, colloquial) to bend ‖ (Mainland China, colloquial) modem
|
‖ 貓(ねこ) or 貓(ネコ) • (neko) (counter 匹)
|
‖ Alternative form of 猫 (“cat”)
|
|
cat
|
canonical : 貓: Hán Việt readings: miêu 貓: Nôm readings: mèo • canonical : miêu
|
chữ Hán form of miêu (“cat”). • Nôm form of mèo (“cat”).
|
貓
|
| 貲
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsje
|
to estimate
|
|
|
貲 • (ja) · 貲 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
|
|
|
|
貲
|
| 貳
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njis) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 弍 (OC *njis, “two”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gī • Middle-Chinese : nyijH
|
(Classical) secondary; assistant • (literary, or in compounds) to be unfaithful; to be disloyal • (financial) Alternative form of 二 (èr, “two”)
|
|
Kyūjitai form of 弐
|
貳 • (i) · 貳 • (i) (hangeul 이, revised i, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nhị • Hán-Nôm : nhì • Hán-Nôm : nhẹ
|
|
貳
|
| 貶
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *promʔ) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 乏 (OC *bob).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : bin² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pián • Middle-Chinese : pjemX
|
to reduce; to lower • (literary) to demote • to vilify; to censure; to criticize • (grammar) negative polarity
|
|
|
貶 • (pyeom) · 貶 • (pyeom) (hangeul 폄, revised pyeom, McCune–Reischauer p'yŏm, Yale phyem)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : biếm • Hán-Nôm : bâm • Hán-Nôm : mém
|
|
貶
|
| 貽
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi
|
to give as a present • to hand down; to leave behind
|
|
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貽 (eum 이 (i))
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Hán-Nôm : di
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貽
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| 賁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *prals, *bɯl, *pɯːn, *bɯn) : phonetic 卉 (OC *hmɯlʔ, *hmɯls) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”) for the reading bì (*prals). The character was borrowed for the word 奔 (OC *pɯːn, *pɯːns) in ancient times, hence its reading bēn (*pɯːn). ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 賁 – see 斑 (“spot; stripe; spotted; striped; mottled; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 斑).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pjeH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban¹ • Middle-Chinese : pwon ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : bjun ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄣ • Middle-Chinese : bj+j ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄣˋ ‖
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to adorn oneself (with jewellery) • to honor with one's presence • 22nd hexagram of the I Ching ‖ brave, energetic, forge ahead (same as 奔) • cardia ‖ three-legged tortoise • Used in 賁鼓／贲鼓 (“large drum”). ‖ a surname. ‖ Only used in 賁渾／贲浑. ‖ Only used in 賁禺／贲禺. ‖ Alternative form of 墳／坟 • Alternative form of 忿 (fèn) ‖ Alternative form of 僨／偾 (fèn) • Alternative form of 奮／奋 (fèn) ‖ (Hakka) Alternative form of 笨 (“thick”)
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to decorate
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賁 (eumhun 클 분 (keul bun)) ‖ 賁 (eumhun 꾸밀 비 (kkumil bi))
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‖
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Hán-Nôm : bí • Hán-Nôm : bôn
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賁
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| 賅
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kai • Middle-Chinese : koj
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complete; comprehensive • to include
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prepared for • inclusive
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賅
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| 賈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs, *klaːʔ) : phonetic 襾 (OC *qraːs) + semantic 貝 (“shellfish”). ‖ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，沽 (OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs, “to buy or sell”). ‖ Cognate with 酤 (OC *kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ, “to buy alcoholic drink”)，沽 (OC *kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs, “to buy or sell”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ké • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ká • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kée • Middle-Chinese : kaeX ‖ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Middle-Chinese : kaeH
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a surname ‖ merchant • to trade; to do business • (literary) to buy • (literary) to lead to; to incur; to bring about • (literary) to sell ‖ Alternative form of 價／价 (“price; value”)
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賈 • (ga, go) · 賈 • (ga, go) (hangeul 가, 고, revised ga, go, McCune–Reischauer ka, ko, Yale ka, ko)
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Hán-Nôm : cổ • Hán-Nôm : giá • Hán-Nôm : giả • Hán-Nôm : giớ
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賈
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| 賑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯnʔ, *tjɯns) : semantic 貝 (“money”) + phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) – having money, giving money (support).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zan³ • Middle-Chinese : tsyinX • Middle-Chinese : tsyinH
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flourish • be bustling • prosperity
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賑 • (jin) · 賑 • (jin) (hangeul 진, revised jin, McCune–Reischauer chin, Yale cin)
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賑
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| 賒
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syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized. \ The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character. \ According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ 商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.). \ Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014) \ Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : se¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sia • Middle-Chinese : syae
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to buy and sell on credit • ^† to forgive • ^† distant; far • ^† (of time) long; long-standing • ^† sparse; rare • ^† slow
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canonical : 賒: Hán Việt readings: xa 賒: Nôm readings: xa
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far
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賒
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| 賬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taŋs) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 長 (OC *taŋʔ, *daŋ, *daŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsàng
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account; bill • debt • (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) account
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賬 • (jang) · 賬 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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賬
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| 賺
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Originally as 𧸖. \ In the current form: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *r'eːms) : semantic 貝 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms). ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaam⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuán • Middle-Chinese : dreamH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaan⁶ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tānn
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to make a profit • (regional) to earn (money) • to win; to get • (informal) profit ‖ (colloquial) to deceive; to fool; to cheat ‖ (Eastern Min, Southern Min, dialectal Wu) wrong; erroneous
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coax
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canonical : 賺: Hán Việt readings: khiếm • canonical : trám
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賺
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| 賽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯːɡs) : abbreviated phonetic 塞 (OC *slɯːɡs, *slɯːɡ) + semantic 貝 (“shell”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : coi³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sài • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sè • Middle-Chinese : sojH
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to compete; to contend • competition; contest; race
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dice • temple visit
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賽 (eumhun 굿할 새 (guthal sae))
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Hán-Nôm : tái • Hán-Nôm : trại • Hán-Nôm : tày • Hán-Nôm : tầy • Hán-Nôm : táy
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賽
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| 贅
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 敖 (“ramble; travel”) + 貝 (“money”) – "money that goes away and ought to be taken back" – originally meaning a kind of collateral, or pawn. 贅 later was borrowed for sound to signify "belonging; attachment; linking", which is closer to the modern meaning of "superfluous".
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsè • Middle-Chinese : tsywejH
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unnecessary, superfluous • to marry into and live with one's wife's family
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‖ 贅(ぜい) • (zei) ‖ 贅(ふすべ) • (fusube)
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‖ luxury, extravagance ‖ (obsolete) lump, wart • (obsolete) mole, birthmark
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贅 (eum 췌 (chwe))
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Hán-Nôm : chuế • Hán-Nôm : xuế
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贅
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| 贍
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siām • Middle-Chinese : dzyemH
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to provide for; to support; to supply • (literary) sufficient; plentiful; rich • (of writing) rich; magnificent; knowledgeable
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贍 • (seom) · 贍 • (seom) (hangeul 섬, revised seom, McCune–Reischauer sŏm, Yale sem)
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贍
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| 贏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *leŋ) : phonetic 𣎆 () + semantic 貝 (“cowry; money”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Middle-Chinese : yeng
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to win; to triumph; to be victorious • to beat; to defeat (someone); to triumph over • to make a profit • (Gan, Xiang) Used with 不 or 得 to express capability.
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to contented • to win; to triumph • to gain (profit) • remainder
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贏 • (yeong) · 贏 • (yeong) (hangeul 영, McCune–Reischauer yŏng, Yale yeng)
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Hán-Nôm : doanh
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贏
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| 贓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Middle-Chinese : tsang
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booty, loot, stolen goods • to accept or take a bribe
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贓 (eumhun 장물(贓物) 장)
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hanja form of 장 (“booty; loot; stolen goods”)
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Hán-Nôm : tang
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贓
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| 贖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljoɡ) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ); the phonetic was originally 𧷏 and has later become graphically similar to the unrelated 賣. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-lu-t-s (“to ransom; to buy off”); compare Tibetan བླུ (blu) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : zyowk
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to redeem • to ransom
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贖 • (sok) · 贖 • (sok) (hangeul 속, revised sok, McCune–Reischauer sok, Yale sok)
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washing away your sin, 속죄하다 • clearing your debt by offering money, wealth or effort, 속바치다
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贖
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| 贛
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In the bronze script, it was attested as 𬔧, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 章 (“jade ornament”) + 丮 (“to hold”) – holding a jade ornament > “to bestow”. The 丮 component corrupts into 欠 or 次, and later to 夂 or a variant with 二 under 夂. An additional semantic component 貝 (“cowrie; money”) was often added. The 二 and 貝 components combine to form an emergent phonetic component 貢 (OC *koːŋs). \ Shuowen reinterprets it as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kluːmʔ, *kluːms, *kromʔ, *kloːms) : abbreviated phonetic 竷 (OC *kʰluːms) + semantic 貝 (“shell; money”), but this is not supported by earlier scripts. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : komX • Middle-Chinese : komH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung³ • Middle-Chinese : kuwngH
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(～江, ～水) Gan River (a river in Jiangxi, China) • Alternative name for 江西 (Jiāngxī, “Jiangxi, a province of China.”). • Gan; Gan Chinese ‖ to grant; to bestow • a surname
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Jiangxi province • various places in Jiangxi province
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贛 (eumhun 줄 공 (jul gong)) · 贛 (eumhun 강 이름 감 (gang ireum gam)) · 贛 (eumhun 미련할 장 (miryeonhal jang))
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canonical : 贛: Hán Việt readings: cống
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贛
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| 赧
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‖ Compare Zhuang nwnj (“inflammation on the skin”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naan⁵ • Middle-Chinese : nraenX ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : naan³
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(literary) blushing because of shame ‖ (Cantonese) inflammation on the skin resulting from an insect bite or an illness
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赧 • (nan) · 赧 • (nan) (hangeul 난)
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Hán-Nôm : nấn • Hán-Nôm : noản • Hán-Nôm : nản • Hán-Nôm : nắn • Hán-Nôm : noãn
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赧
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| 赭
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)a-n ⪤ *tsa-n (“red”) (STEDT); cognate with Burmese တာ (ta, “red”) (as in Burmese နီတာရဲ (nitarai:, “of loud red color”)) and Burmese တျာတျာ (tya-tya, “scarlet”). According to Schuessler (2007), 朱 (OC *tjo) may be related.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze² • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeX
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red soil • ochre dye • reddish brown; burnt ochre • to dye red • bare • Short for 赭衣 (zhěyī, “red clothing worn by convicts”). • to punish
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赭 • (ja) · 赭 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
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canonical : 赭: Hán Việt readings: giả 赭: Nôm readings: đỏ
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chữ Hán form of giả (“red soil, ochre, reddish brown”). • Nôm form of đỏ (“red”).
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赭
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| 赳
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau² • Middle-Chinese : kjiwX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dau²
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Used in 赳赳 (jiūjiū, “strong and valiant”); also used as its short form. • strong (of wind) ‖ Only used in 赳螑 (jiùxiù, “appearance of a dragon stretching its neck and moving in a wavelike manner”).
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strong and brave
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赳 • (gyu) · 赳 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
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赳
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| 趕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːnʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 旱 (OC *ɡaːnʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gon² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuánn
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to overtake; to catch up with • to hurry; to rush • to try to catch (a bus, train, etc) • to drive (animal, vehicle) • to drive someone away; to chase away • to avail oneself of (an opportunity); happen to • (colloquial) until; till • (colloquial) rushed; hurried
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Hán-Nôm : cản • Hán-Nôm : kiển
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趕
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| 趙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ewʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ewʔ) : semantic 走 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiǎu • Middle-Chinese : drjewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tiu⁵
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(～國) an ancient city-state, now Hongdong County in Shanxi • (～國) Zhao, a later and larger state during the Warring States period of Chinese history • (obsolete) to run; to gallop; to move quickly • a surname, listed first in the Baijiaxing. It is the family name of the Song emperors • (neologism) of the Communist Party of China ‖ to weed the ground; to hoe
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趙 • (jo) · 趙 • (jo) (hangeul 조, revised jo, McCune–Reischauer cho, Yale co)
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a surname
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Hán-Nôm : Triệu • Hán-Nôm : triệu
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Chữ Hán form of Triệu (“a surname from Chinese.”).
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趙
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| 趨
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlo) : semantic 走 + phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Middle-Chinese : tshju
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to walk quickly; to run • to hasten; to hurry • to pursue; to seek • to attach (oneself) to; to ingratiate oneself with • to tend towards; to approach • (historical) to quickly take small steps as a sign of respect
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to go towards, to run • to trend, to tend towards
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趨 • (chu, chok) · 趨 • (chu, chok) (hangeul 추, 촉)
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canonical : 趨: Hán Việt readings: xu • canonical : xúc 趨: Nôm readings: so • canonical : xúc • canonical : xu • canonical : xô
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趨
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| 跆
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : doj
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trample
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trample
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跆 (eum 태 (tae))
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to trample • to kick
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Hán-Nôm : đài
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跆
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| 跎
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da
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Used in 蹉跎 (cuōtuó).
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跎 • (ta) · 跎 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
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跎 (đà)
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跎
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| 跚
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : san • Middle-Chinese : san
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Used in 蹣跚／蹒跚 (pánshān). • to step on; to trample
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to stagger; to reel; to stumble
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跚 • (san) · 跚 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
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Hán-Nôm : san
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跚
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| 践
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tread • step on
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践
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| 跼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gjowk
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跼 (eum 국 (guk))
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跼
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| 踊
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
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to mount; to ascend • (historical) shoes for people who have had part of their foot chopped off
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‖ 踊(よう) • (yō)
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to dance • dance ‖ to dance • to jump about; to jump up
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踊
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| 踝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːlʔ) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 果 (OC *kloːlʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waa⁵ • Middle-Chinese : hwaeX
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ankle
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ankle • heel • exposed legs
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踝 (eum 과 (gwa))
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踝
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| 踟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *de) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 知 (OC *ʔl'e).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Middle-Chinese : drje
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to walk back and forth • to hesitate
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踟 • (ji) · 踟 • (ji) (hangeul 지, revised ji, McCune–Reischauer chi, Yale ci)
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踟
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| 踪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoŋ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ).
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footprint
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踪 (eumhun 자취 종 (jachwi jong))
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hanja form of 종 (“footprints, traces, tracks”)
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踪
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| 踫
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踫
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| 踴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋʔ) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ). \ Compare Khmer ប្លោង (plaong, “to leap over; to throw upward”) (Schuessler, 2007). Perhaps related to 逾 (OC *lo, “to exceed; to cross over”) and 溶 (OC *loŋ, “much water”) (ibid.).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ióng • Middle-Chinese : yowngX
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to jump upwards; to leap • (of prices) to go up; to rise
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Rare form of 踊.
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踴 • (yong) · 踴 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
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Hán-Nôm : dũng
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踴
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| 踵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjoŋʔ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 重 (OC *doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung² • Cantonese · Jyutping : dung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Middle-Chinese : tsyowngX
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heel • to follow • to visit; to call on
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‖ 踵(かかと) • (kakato) ‖ 踵(くびいす) • (kubiisu) ^(←くびひす (kubifisu)?) ‖ 踵(くびす) • (kubisu) ‖ 踵(あくと) • (akuto) ‖ 踵(あぐと) • (aguto)
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‖ heel ‖ the bottom of the foot; the heel ‖ heel ‖ heel ‖ heel
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踵 (eumhun 발꿈치 종 (balkkumchi jong))
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hanja form of 종 (“heel”)
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canonical : 踵: Hán Việt readings: chủng
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踵
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| 踹
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‖ ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshué ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dyun³ • Middle-Chinese : dzywenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄢˋ • Middle-Chinese : twanH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun² ‖
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to step on; to tread; to stamp • to kick (with the sole of the foot suddenly and forcefully) • (figurative, slang) to dump (a partner); to ditch ‖ heel (of the foot) ‖ foot • to stamp (foot) • to kick (with foot) ‖ calf (of the leg) ‖ (Cantonese) to step; to trample
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踹 • (dan) · 踹 • (dan) (hangeul 단, revised dan, McCune–Reischauer tan, Yale tan)
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踹
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| 蹉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰlaːl) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 差 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːl, *sʰreːls, *sʰral).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuê • Middle-Chinese : tsha
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to slip and fall • to err; to make a mistake • to step on; to trample • to pass by
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to trip, to stumble • to pass by
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蹉 • (cha) · 蹉 • (cha) (hangeul 차, revised cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'a, Yale cha)
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|
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蹉 (tha, sa)
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蹉
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| 蹊
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hê • Middle-Chinese : hej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi
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(literary) footpath • to trample on; to cross; to traverse • footprint • path; way • Alternative form of 徯 (“to wait”) ‖ Used in 蹊蹺／蹊跷.
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path
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蹊 • (hye) · 蹊 • (hye) (hangeul 혜, revised hye, McCune–Reischauer hye, Yale hyey)
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蹊
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| 蹙
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsjuwk
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to knit (one's brows) • to approach; to close in on • to force; to compel • to shrink; to contract • urgent; critical • Alternative form of 蹴 (“to tread on; to kick”)
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knitting one's brows
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蹙 • (chuk) · 蹙 • (chuk) (hangeul 축, revised chuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, Yale chwuk)
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蹙
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| 蹣
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : puânn • Middle-Chinese : ban • Middle-Chinese : man
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(used in compounds) limping; staggering
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蹣 (eum 만 (man))
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蹣
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| 蹤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsloŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 從 (OC *zloŋ, *zloŋ, *zloŋs, “follow”)
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsng • Middle-Chinese : tsjowng
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footprint; trace; track
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footprint; trace; track • to follow • to release, to free
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蹤 • (jong) · 蹤 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
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canonical : 蹤: Hán Việt readings: tung 蹤: Nôm readings: tung
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chữ Hán form of tung (“footprint”).
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蹤
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| 蹶
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwejH • Middle-Chinese : kjwot • Middle-Chinese : kjwet ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˇ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ
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to tumble; to fall down • to run • to fail • to step on; to tread on • rapidly; suddenly ‖ ‖
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|
to tumble; to fall down • to defeat; to topple • to spring out
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蹶 (eumhun 넘어질 궐 (neomeojil gwol)) ‖ 蹶 (eumhun 움직일 궤 (umjigil gwe))
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hanja form of 궐 (“to stumble; to fall down”) ‖ (literary) hanja form of 궤 (“to move”)
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|
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蹶
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| 蹺
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hiu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiau • Middle-Chinese : khjiew
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to raise one's foot
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蹺 • (gyo) · 蹺 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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Hán-Nôm : nghều
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蹺
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| 蹼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *poːɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 菐 (OC *boːɡ, *puɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : buk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : puwk
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web; the membrane-like part between toes (of animals)
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蹼 • (bok) · 蹼 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
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|
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蹼
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| 躂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰaːd) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 達 (OC *tʰaːd, *daːd).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄚˋ • Middle-Chinese : that ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : taat¹
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to stumble; to slip; to fall down ‖ Only used in 蹓躂／蹓跶. ‖ (onomatopoeia) footstep sound
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躂
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| 躅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *doɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjowk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ
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Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to step on • ^† footprint ‖ ^† footprint
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躅 • (chok) · 躅 • (chok) (hangeul 촉, revised chok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ok, Yale chok)
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Hán-Nôm : trục
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Nôm: trục, xộc
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躅
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| 躇
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thû • Middle-Chinese : drjo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : thu̍h
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to walk back and forth • to hesitate; to falter; to be undecided • to trample on ‖ to overstep; to pass over; to advance out of turn ‖ (Hokkien) impractical and stupid (often reduplicated) • (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to move slowly; to dawdle; to dillydally
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躇 • (jeo, chak) · 躇 • (jeo, chak) (hangeul 저, 착, revised jeo, chak, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, ch'ak, Yale ce, chak)
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Hán-Nôm : chứa
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躇
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| 躉
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dan² ‖
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wholesale • to buy wholesale; to hoard for speculation ‖ (Cantonese) foundation; support (of an object) • (Cantonese, euphemistic) buttocks; bottom; behind • (Cantonese) to place; to put • (Cantonese) Classifier for buildings.
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躉 • (don) · 躉 • (don) (hangeul 돈, revised don, McCune–Reischauer ton, Yale ton)
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躉
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| 躊
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiûnn • Middle-Chinese : drjuw
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Used in 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú), etc.
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躊 • (ju) · 躊 • (ju) (hangeul 주, revised ju, McCune–Reischauer chu, Yale cwu)
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躊
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| 躑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deɡ) : semantic 足 (“foot”) + phonetic 鄭 (OC *deŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : drjek
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Used in 躑躅／踯躅 (zhízhú). • ^† to kick • ^† to jump • ^‡ foot filth, Alternative form of 蹢
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to squat; to crouch
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躑 • (cheok) · 躑 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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Hán-Nôm : trịch
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躑
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| 躡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *neb) : semantic 𧾷 (“foot”) + phonetic 聶 (OC *neb).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neeh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : neh • Middle-Chinese : nrjep
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to walk on tiptoe; to lighten one's steps • to follow • (literary) to tread; to trample; to step on • (literary) to put on (shoes)
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躡 • (seop) · 躡 • (seop) (hangeul 섭, revised seop, McCune–Reischauer sŏp, Yale sep)
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|
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躡
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| 躪
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶
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|
|
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躪 (eumhun 짓밟을 린 (jitbalbeul rin), word-initial (South Korea) 짓밟을 인 (jitbalbeul in))
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hanja form of 린 (“to trample”)
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|
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躪
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| 軀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰo) : semantic 身 (“body”) + phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kəw (“body; chest; thorax; corpse”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan སྐུ (sku, “body”) and Burmese ကိုယ် (kuiy, “body”). ‖ Probably the same as etymology 1 (Hsu, 2019). Lin (2007) considers it to be a contraction of 身軀／身躯 (sin-khu).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Cantonese · Jyutping : keoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khi • Middle-Chinese : khju ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : su
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human body ‖ (Hokkien) body • (Hokkien) Classifier for sets of clothing.
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‖
|
body ‖
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軀 (eumhun 몸 구 (mom gu))
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hanja form of 구 (“body”)
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|
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軀
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| 軋
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qriːd) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 乙 (OC *qriɡ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : at • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Middle-Chinese : 'eat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : a̍h ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kauh
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to crush by weight • to oust; to squeeze out • (onomatopoeia) sound of a machine running • a surname: Ya ‖ (dialectal) to jostle; to push against; to squeeze together • (dialectal) to associate with • (dialectal) to check ‖ to roll (steel) ‖ (Hokkien) to tip over and crush something ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to crush; to run over; to roll flat (of or by a car)
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squeak • creak • grate
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軋 • (al) · 軋 • (al) (hangeul 알, revised al, McCune–Reischauer al, Yale al)
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Hán-Nôm : ca • Hán-Nôm : loát • Hán-Nôm : yết
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軋
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| 軔
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Middle-Chinese : nyinH
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brake
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block that keeps wheel from moving
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軔 • (in) · 軔 • (in) (hangeul 인, revised in, McCune–Reischauer in, Yale in)
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a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage
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軔
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| 軛
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːɡ) : semantic 車 (“chariot”) + phonetic 厄 (OC *qreːɡ, “yoke”) – specialized form of 厄. \ Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“to strangle”), whence also 縊 (OC *qleːɡs, *qleɡs, “to strangle”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : eh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iak • Middle-Chinese : 'eak
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yoke • to restrain; to control
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|
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軛
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| 軻
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : o¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ho² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Middle-Chinese : kha • Middle-Chinese : khaX • Middle-Chinese : khaH
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軻 • (ga) · 軻 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
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軻
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| 軼
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : yit
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to surpass; to excel • to invade; to attack • (alt. form 佚, 逸) scattered; lost • Alternative form of 逸 (yì, “leisurely”) • Alternative form of 溢 (yì, “to overflow”)
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軼 • (il) · 軼 • (il) (hangeul 일, revised il, McCune–Reischauer il, Yale il)
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|
|
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軼
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| 軾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljɯɡ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 式 (OC *hljɯɡ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : syik
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horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair • to hold onto the horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair
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軾 • (sik) · 軾 • (sik) (hangeul 식, revised sik, McCune–Reischauer sik, Yale sik)
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軾
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| 輊
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsì • Middle-Chinese : trijH
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|
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Hán-Nôm : trất • Hán-Nôm : chí
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輊
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| 輒
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teb) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 耴 (OC *ŋrid, *teb).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zip³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiap • Middle-Chinese : trjep
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then • at once • always • (archaic) the luggage rack on a chariot
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promptly, easily • that is, i.e.
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輒 (eum 첩 (cheop))
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Hán-Nôm : triếp
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輒
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| 輓
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *monʔ, *mons) : semantic 車 + phonetic 免 (OC *mronʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buán • Middle-Chinese : mjonX • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
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to pull; to draw • to mourn; to lament (a death) • Alternative form of 晚 (wǎn)
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輓 • (man) · 輓 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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Hán-Nôm : vãn
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輓
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| 輔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *baʔ) : semantic 車 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hù • Middle-Chinese : bjuX
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(obsolete) protective wooden bars that helped prevent a carriage from overturning • (literary) cheek • to assist • (historical) area near the capital
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|
cheek, cheekbone • assist
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輔 (eum 보 (bo))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : phụ
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輔
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| 輛
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋs) : semantic 車 (“vehicle”) + phonetic 兩 (OC *raŋʔ, *raŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : loeng⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liáng
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Classifier for wheeled vehicles. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
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‖
|
‖
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輛 • (ryang>yang) · 輛 • (ryang>yang) (hangeul 량>양, revised ryang>yang, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, Yale lyang>yang)
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|
Hán-Nôm : lượng • Hán-Nôm : lưỡng • Hán-Nôm : lẫng
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輛
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| 輜
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsir • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : tsrhi
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(rare) A carriage that has a covered roof • (literary) A carriage with a cover on it
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輜 • (chi) · 輜 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
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輜
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| 輟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tods, *tod) : semantic 車 (“carriage; chariot”) + phonetic 叕 (OC *tod). \ Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan, as a cognate of 駐 (OC *tos) with *-t/*-d causative suffix (Jin, 2004).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶ • Middle-Chinese : trjwejH • Middle-Chinese : trjwet
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to stop; to suspend; to halt
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輟 (eum 철 (cheol))
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Hán-Nôm : chuyết • Hán-Nôm : xoẹt • Hán-Nôm : xuyết
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輟
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| 輦
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lián • Middle-Chinese : ljenX
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handcart • imperial carriage • to transport by carriage • (Southern Min) wheel
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輦 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
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Hán-Nôm : lén • Hán-Nôm : lẻn • Hán-Nôm : liễn • Hán-Nôm : rịn
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輦
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| 輯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zib) : semantic 車 + phonetic 咠 (OC *ʔsib, *sʰib).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cap¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tship • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsip • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsi̍p • Middle-Chinese : dzip
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to gather up; to collect • to edit; to compile • Classifier for parts or volumes of a book or other literary work.
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輯 • (jip) · 輯 • (jip) (hangeul 집, revised jip, McCune–Reischauer chip, Yale cip)
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Hán-Nôm : tập
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輯
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| 輻
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hok • Middle-Chinese : pjuwH • Middle-Chinese : pjuwk
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spokes of a wheel • Alternative form of 輹／𰺓
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|
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輻 (eum 복 (bok)) · 輻 (eum 폭 (pok))
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Hán-Nôm : phúc • Hán-Nôm : bức
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輻
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| 輾
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* Etymology 1: Corrupted from 𨋚: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 㞋 (). \ * Etymology 2: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 展 (OC *tenʔ, *tens) ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Middle-Chinese : nrjenH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tián • Middle-Chinese : trjenX
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Alternative form of 碾 (niǎn, “to crush (something) flat with a wheel; to run over”) ‖ Used in 輾轉／辗转 (zhǎnzhuǎn, “to toss and turn”). • a surname
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輾 • (jeon) · 輾 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
|
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輾
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| 轂
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kok • Middle-Chinese : kuwk
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hub of a wheel • wheel • chariot; cart
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|
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轂 (eum 곡 (gok))
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Hán-Nôm : cốc
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轂
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| 轅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uân • Middle-Chinese : hjwon
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|
|
shaft
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轅 • (won) · 轅 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
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axle • magistrate's office
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Hán-Nôm : viên
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轅
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| 轍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ded) : semantic 車 (“wagon”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed) – wagon tracks.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cit³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˊㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tia̍t • Middle-Chinese : drjet
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wagon ruts; wheel tracks • path • way; method • rhyme
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‖ 轍(わだち) • (wadachi) ‖ 轍(てつ) • (tetsu)
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‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut ‖ a wheel furrow, track, or rut • another person's mistake, a prior example (generally negative)
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轍 • (cheol) · 轍 • (cheol) (hangeul 철, revised cheol, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏl, Yale chel)
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Hán-Nôm : triệt
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轍
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| 轎
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrew, *ɡrews) : semantic 車 + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : gjew • Middle-Chinese : gjewH
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bamboo carriage • sedan chair; palanquin (Classifier: 頂／顶 c)
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|
palanquin • litter
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轎 • (gyo) · 轎 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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palanquin • sedan chair
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Hán-Nôm : kiệu
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|
轎
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| 轔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin, *rins) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : lin • Middle-Chinese : linH
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(Classical) sound of rumbling of wheels • (Classical) threshold; doorsill; doorstep • (Classical) wheel
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|
rumbling of vehicles • threshold
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轔 • (rin>in) · 轔 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
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rumbling of vehicles • wheel • tread
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|
|
轔
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| 轟
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Triplication of 車 (“cart”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : xweang • Middle-Chinese : xweangH
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(onomatopoeia) bang; boom • to rumble; to explode; to blast • to shoo away; to expel
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roar • thunder • boom • resound
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轟 (eumhun 울릴 굉 (ullil goeng))
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hanja form of 굉 (“roar; thunder; boom”)
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Hán-Nôm : huênh • Hán-Nôm : oanh • Hán-Nôm : oang • Hán-Nôm : oàng
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|
轟
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| 轡
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 絲 (“rope”) + 軎 (“carriage part”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bei³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pì • Middle-Chinese : pijH
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bridle of horse • reins
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‖ 轡(くつわ) • (kutsuwa)
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‖ bit (metal in horse's mouth)
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轡 (eumhun 고삐 비 (goppi bi))
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|
Hán-Nôm : bí
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轡
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| 辞
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|
|
|
‖
|
speech • to quit ‖
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|
|
|
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辞
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| 辦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *breːns) : phonetic 辡 (OC *prenʔ, *brenʔ) + semantic 力 (“strength”). \ Cognate with Tibetan བྲེལ་བ (brel ba, “to be employed; busy”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān • Middle-Chinese : beanH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pān
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to deal with; to handle; to manage; to take care of • to prepare; to get something ready • to process; to obtain (e.g. a visa/passport) • to set up; to run • to bring to justice; to punish • (only in compounds) Short for 辦公室／办公室 (bàngōngshì, “office”). • (euphemistic) to kill off; to murder ‖ (Cantonese, Southern Min) sample; specimen (Classifier: 個／个 c) • (Cantonese) template
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|
manage • do • handle • deal with
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辦 (eumhun 힘들일 판 (himdeuril pan)) ‖ 辦 (eum 변 (byeon))
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manage • do • handle • deal with ‖
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Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bạn
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(only in compound biện pháp) chữ Hán form of biện (“to handle, to do; to prepare”).
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辦
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| 辮
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Exopassive of 編 (OC *pen, *peːn, *peːnʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bin¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pīnn • Middle-Chinese : benX
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braid; plait • braid-like object
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|
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辮 (eum 변 (byeon))
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|
Hán-Nôm : biện • Hán-Nôm : bện
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辮
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| 迥
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwing² • Middle-Chinese : hwengX
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distant; far • drastically different; far different • (literary) remote place • (literary) tall • (literary) totally; completely
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|
far • distant
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迥 • (hyeong) · 迥 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
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|
canonical : 迥: Hán Việt readings: huýnh 迥: Hán Nôm readings: huýnh • canonical : quánh • canonical : huếnh • canonical : quýnh
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迥
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| 迦
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ka, *kal, *kraːl) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ka, *kal, *kraːl) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khia • Middle-Chinese : kja • Middle-Chinese : kae ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ
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Used in transcription. ‖ Alternative form of 邂 (xiè)
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|
Used phonetically.
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迦 • (ga) · 迦 • (ga) (hangeul 가, revised ga, McCune–Reischauer ka, Yale ka)
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Hán-Nôm : già • Hán-Nôm : dà • Hán-Nôm : ca
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|
迦
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| 迴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wui⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwoj • Middle-Chinese : hwojH
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to revolve; to rotate • to avoid • winding; tortuous • Alternative form of 回 (huí, “to return; to go back”)
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|
rotate • revolve • pin • go around
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迴 • (hoe) · 迴 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, revised hoe, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)
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|
Hán-Nôm : hồi
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|
迴
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| 迺
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For pronunciation and definitions of 迺 – see 乃 (“you, your; be; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 乃).
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Hokkien · Tai-lo : se̍h
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(Hokkien) Alternative form of 踅
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迺 • (nae) · 迺 • (nae) (hangeul 내, revised nae, McCune–Reischauer nae, Yale nay)
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|
|
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迺
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| 逅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡoːs) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 后 (OC *ɡoːʔ, *ɡoːs). \ Cognate with 遘 (OC *koːs, *koːs, “to meet”)，覯 (OC *koːs, “to come across”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hau⁶ • Middle-Chinese : huwH
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Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu).
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|
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逅 • (hu) · 逅 • (hu) (hangeul 후, revised hu, McCune–Reischauer hu, Yale hwu)
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|
|
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逅
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| 逍
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Middle-Chinese : sjew
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Used in 逍遙／逍遥 (xiāoyáo).
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|
|
逍 (eumhun 거닐 소 (geonil so))
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hanja form of 소 (“wander”)
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Hán-Nôm : tiêu
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|
逍
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| 逕
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ging³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaang³ • Middle-Chinese : kengH
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(alt. form 徑) small path • to go to; to reach • (literary, of water) to flow through • directly • (archaic) diameter
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|
path; route
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逕 • (gyeong) · 逕 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : kính
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|
逕
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| 逖
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ti̍k • Middle-Chinese : thek
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far, distant • keep at a distance
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|
Run away, disappear, bend to the side, move to the side to avoid. • Far in distance.
|
逖 (eum 적 (jeok))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : địch
|
|
逖
|
| 這
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan). \ The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”). \ First attested in the Tang dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies: \ * From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before. \ *: 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這／这 (zhè). \ * From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic. ‖ Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄟˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiá ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gān • Middle-Chinese : ngjenH
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this; these • Synonym of 這樣／这样 (“like this; such”) • at this moment; right away; at once • here • Used before words for insults to add emphasis. • filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied. • meaningless particle in a sentence. ‖ (obsolete) to welcome; to greet; to receive
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|
crawl, creep, grovel • this
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這 (eumhun 이 저 (i jeo)) ‖ 這 (eumhun 맞을 언 (majeul eon))
|
hanja form of 저 (“this; that”) [affix] ‖ hanja form of 언 (“to greet”) [only in Chinese]
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Hán-Nôm : giá • Hán-Nôm : gió
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|
這
|
| 逵
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷrɯw) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gwij
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(literary) thoroughfare; crossroads
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|
|
逵 • (gyu) · 逵 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
|
|
|
|
逵
|
| 遁
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'uːnʔ, *l'uːns) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 盾 (OC *l'uːnʔ, *ɦljunʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : deon⁶ • Middle-Chinese : dwonX • Middle-Chinese : dwonH
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to escape; to flee; to evade • to hide away; to conceal oneself
|
‖ 遁(のがれ) • (nogare)
|
to escape, to run away ‖ an escape, a dodge, avoidance, evasion
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遁 • (dun, don) · 遁 • (dun, don) (hangeul 둔, 돈, revised dun, don, McCune–Reischauer tun, ton, Yale twun, ton)
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|
Hán-Nôm : độn • Hán-Nôm : rộn • Hán-Nôm : trốn • Hán-Nôm : dọn • Hán-Nôm : nhộn • Hán-Nôm : trộn • Hán-Nôm : tuần
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|
遁
|
| 遐
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gra (“long (period of time)”). Cognate with Burmese ကြာ (kra, “be a long time (since)”). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah). ‖ Possibly a contraction of 彼搭 (hit-tah). Compare 遮 (chiâ / chia / chiô / chiah).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haa⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hêe • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hēe • Middle-Chinese : hae ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiô ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiah
|
far; distant • long-lasting • (obsolete) why; how ‖ (Hokkien) there ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) that; those ‖ (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, degree) so; that • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) final question particle expressing doubt
|
|
distant
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遐 • (ha) · 遐 • (ha) (hangeul 하, revised ha, McCune–Reischauer ha, Yale ha)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hà
|
|
遐
|
| 遑
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwang
|
(literary) free time; leisure; spare time • hurried; hasty • how; how can (in rhetorical questions) • Alternative form of 徨 (huáng) • Alternative form of 惶 (huáng, “frightened; terrified”)
|
‖
|
be at great leisure • be anxious ‖
|
遑 • (hwang) · 遑 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
|
|
|
|
遑
|
| 遘
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koːs, *koːs) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 冓 (OC *koː, *koːs). \ Compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gow ~ *gaw, whence Jingpho gau (kau³³, “cross over”), Burmese ကူး (ku:, “to cross over”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007). \ In Chinese, cognate with 覯 (OC *koːs, “to come across”), 姤 (OC *koːs, “gou (hexagram of the I Ching)”). Possible allofams in Chinese include 冓 (OC *koːs) in 中冓 (OC *tuŋ koː, “inner chamber”) and 購 (OC *koːs, “to award”). Compare 遇 (OC *ŋos, “to meet”). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kòo • Middle-Chinese : kuwH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàu
|
^† to meet; to encounter • Alternative form of 構／构 (gòu, “to create; to form”) ‖ (Min) Alternative form of 到 (dào)
|
|
|
遘 • (gu) · 遘 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
|
|
|
遘
|
| 遨
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːw) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 敖 (OC *ŋaːw, “ramble”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : ngaw
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to roam; to ramble; to travel for pleasure • (Southern Min) to spin; to rotate
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遨 • (o) · 遨 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
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遨
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| 遴
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˋ • Middle-Chinese : linH
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(literary) to select; to choose carefully • a surname ‖ (obsolete) difficult (especially of travel) • Alternative form of 吝 (lìn, “stingy”)
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align • select • hesitate
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遴 • (rin>in) · 遴 • (rin>in) (hangeul 린>인, revised rin>in, McCune–Reischauer rin>in, Yale lin>in)
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Hán-Nôm : lận
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遴
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| 遼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːw) : semantic 辵 (“walk”) + phonetic 尞 ().
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : liu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Middle-Chinese : lew
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distant; far • ^† long; prolonged • (～朝) Liao or Khitan dynasty (907-1125) • (～河, ～水) Liao (a river in Northeast China) • Short for 遼寧／辽宁 (Liáoníng, “Liaoning Province of China”).
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‖ 遼(りょう) • (Ryō) ^(←れう (reu)?)
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faraway ‖ a male given name
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遼 • (ryo>yo) · 遼 • (ryo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, revised ryo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, Yale lyo>yo)
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Hán-Nôm : liêu
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遼
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| 遽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡas) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 豦 (OC *kas, *ɡa). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kīr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kī • Middle-Chinese : gjoH ‖
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post chariot or horse • hurriedly • suddenly • to be afraid • a surname ‖ (Hakka) fast; quick
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遽 • (geo) · 遽 • (geo) (hangeul 거, revised geo, McCune–Reischauer kŏ, Yale ke)
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Hán-Nôm : cự
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遽
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| 邁
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;“mile; kilometer per hour”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : māi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mai • Middle-Chinese : maejH
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to go on a long journey • to stride; to take a step • to pass by; to surpass • old; elderly • mile • (colloquial) kilometer per hour • Alternative form of 勱／劢 (mài) • a surname
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邁 • (mae) · 邁 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
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Hán-Nôm : mại • Hán-Nôm : mời • Hán-Nôm : mười
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邁
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| 邂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡreːs) : semantic 辵 + phonetic 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Middle-Chinese : heaH
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Only used in 邂逅 (xièhòu).
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meet unexpectedly
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邂 • (hae) · 邂 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
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|
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邂
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| 邇
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-naːj ~ s-nej (“near”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཉེ་བ (nye ba, “near”), Mizo hnai (“near”), Jingpho ni (ni³¹, “near”), Burmese နီး (ni:, “bear near; be close”), 暱 (OC *niɡ, “intimate; close”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄦˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ní • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jínn • Middle-Chinese : nyeX
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near; close • to approach; to come close to • shallow; easy to understand
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approach • near, close
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邇 • (i) · 邇 • (i) (hangeul 이, McCune–Reischauer i, Yale i)
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|
|
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邇
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| 邏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːl, *raːls) : phonetic 羅 (OC *raːl) + semantic 辶 (“walk”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Middle-Chinese : laH
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to patrol; to inspect; to watch • patrol; vigil; guard
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邏 • (ra>na) · 邏 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
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Hán-Nôm : la • Hán-Nôm : lạ
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邏
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| 邐
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ljeX
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meandering • winding
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邐 • (ri>i) · 邐 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
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get joined on, be continued • continuous and meandering (as mountains, roads, etc.)
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canonical : 邐: Hán Việt readings: lí • canonical : lệ • canonical : lị 邐: Nôm readings: lí
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chữ Hán form of lí (“meandering”).
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邐
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| 邕
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng
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Alternative form of 雍 (yōng, “harmony; harmonious”) • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • (literary) former name of Nanning
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邕 • (ong) · 邕 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
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Hán-Nôm : ung
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邕
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| 邢
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jing⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hîng • Middle-Chinese : heng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ
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a surname • name of ancient state situated in modern-day Hebei province ‖ Synonym of 耿: a place in modern Henan or Shanxi
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邢 • (hyeong) · 邢 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
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Hán-Nôm : hình
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邢
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| 邱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷɯ) : phonetic 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) + semantic 邑 (“city; town”) \ This character originated from the naming taboo of Confucius, 孔丘 (Kǒng Qiū).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khu • Middle-Chinese : khjuw
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Alternative form of 丘 (“mound; dune; hill”) • a surname
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邱 • (gu) · 邱 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
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Hán-Nôm : khâu • Hán-Nôm : khưu
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邱
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| 邵
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djews) : phonetic 召 (OC *dews, *djews) + semantic 阝.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siō • Middle-Chinese : dzyewH
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Name of various places in Ancient China. • Short for 邵陽／邵阳 (Shàoyáng, “Shaoyang”). • (～族) Thao people (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, from Thao Thau) • a surname • (Eastern Min) to praise, appreciate • (Eastern Min) to brag • (Eastern Min) to admire
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|
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邵 (eum 소 (so))
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Hán-Nôm : nghẹo • Hán-Nôm : thiệt
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邵
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| 鄉
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠨍 (“two people facing each other”) + 皀 (“a round-mouthed food vessel”) – to feast; the original script of 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ). The sense "village" was a result of phonetic borrowing or semantic shifting. \ In early writing, the character was virtually indistinguishable from 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ). Semantically, 卿 (OC *kʰraŋ, “elder; leader”) and 鄉 (OC *qʰaŋ, “community; district; village”), likely cognates too, were both represented by the event depicted in the ideogram – 饗 (OC *qʰaŋʔ, “ritual feasting”), which was central to the community life (Yang, 1965). \ The right half is unrelated to 郎, as 良 in 鄉 was derived from 皀 during the formation of the clerical script.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiang • Middle-Chinese : xjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng³ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ
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township • countryside; country; rural area • one's native place • place • state; situation • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 嚮／向 ‖ Alternative form of 饗／飨 (xiǎng)
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hometown
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鄉 • (hyang) · 鄉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
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alternative form of 鄕
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Hán-Nôm : hương
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鄉
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| 鄒
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsru) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 邑 (“city; state”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsau • Middle-Chinese : tsrjuw
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(historical) Zou (an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty) • (～族) Tsou (a Taiwanese aborigine ethnic group, borrowed from Tsou Cou) • a surname
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|
|
鄒 (eum 추 (chu))
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|
Hán-Nôm : trâu
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鄒
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| 鄧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dɯːŋs) : phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ) + semantic 阝 (“city”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Middle-Chinese : dongH
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The name of an ancient kingdom. • a surname
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|
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鄧 (eum 등 (deung))
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|
Hán-Nôm : đặng • Hán-Nôm : đẵng • Hán-Nôm : đựng • Hán-Nôm : nựng • Hán-Nôm : dằng • Hán-Nôm : dựng • Hán-Nôm : đắng • Hán-Nôm : rặng
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chữ Hán form of Đặng (“a surname”).
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鄧
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| 鄭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *deŋs) : phonetic 奠 (OC *diːŋs) + semantic 邑.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tēnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tīng • Middle-Chinese : drjengH
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(historical) Zheng (a former state in modern-day Henan, during the Zhou dynasty) • Used in 鄭重／郑重 (zhèngzhòng, “solemn”). • a surname
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courteous • (historical) Zheng
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鄭 (eumhun 나라 이름 정 (nara ireum jeong)) · 鄭 (eumhun 성씨 정 (seongssi jeong))
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(historical) A former state in modern-day Henan • a surname
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Hán-Nôm : trịnh • Hán-Nôm : Trịnh
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chữ Hán form of trịnh (“solemn”). • chữ Hán form of Trịnh (“a surname”).
|
鄭
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| 鄱
|
‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bo³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : po⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ba ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ
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‖ ‖
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|
|
鄱 • (pa) · 鄱 • (pa) (hangeul 파)
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|
|
|
鄱
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| 酊
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‖ Derived from Latin tinctura.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tíng • Middle-Chinese : tengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ding¹
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Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng, “heavily intoxicated”). ‖ tincture
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酊 • (jeong) · 酊 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
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|
|
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酊
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| 酋
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Pictogram (象形) : Some exposed liquid (八) above an alcohol vessel (酉).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siû • Middle-Chinese : dzjuw
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chief of a tribe, chieftain • superintendent of the preparation of liquors
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chief, leader
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酋 • (chu) · 酋 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
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Hán-Nôm : tù
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酋
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| 酩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ming⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîng • Middle-Chinese : mengX
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Only used in 酩酊 (mǐngdǐng) and 酩子裡／酩子里.
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|
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酩 • (myeong) · 酩 • (myeong) (hangeul 명, revised myeong, McCune–Reischauer myŏng, Yale myeng)
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Hán-Nôm : mỉnh
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酩
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| 醃
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iam • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Middle-Chinese : 'jem • Middle-Chinese : 'jaem
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to salt; to pickle; to cure • to marinate
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|
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醃 • (eom) · 醃 • (eom) (hangeul 엄, McCune–Reischauer ŏm, Yale em)
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|
|
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醃
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| 醞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan² • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan³ • Middle-Chinese : 'junX • Middle-Chinese : 'junH
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(literary) to ferment an alcoholic beverage • (literary) wine
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liquor • spirits • wine • fermentation
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醞 • (on) · 醞 • (on) (hangeul 온, revised on, McCune–Reischauer on, Yale on)
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brew • harmony
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|
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醞
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| 醣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 酉 (“oxygenated functional group”) + phonetic 唐. 酉 is a common component in other organic compounds with oxygen, such as 醇 (chún, “alcohol”), 醛 (quán, “aldehyde”) and 酮 (tóng, “ketone”).
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醣
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| 醬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaŋs) : phonetic 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) + semantic 酉 (“drink”). \ Possibly from 漿 (OC *[ts]aŋ) with *-s suffix (cf. Baxter and Sagart's (2014) reconstruction). ‖ Borrowed from Japanese ちゃん (-chan). ‖ Contraction of 這樣／这样 (zhèyàng) (Zhao and Fang, 2015).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoeng³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiùnn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiònn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàng • Middle-Chinese : tsjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤˋ
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sauce or paste made of fermented beans, flour, etc. • thick sauce; jam • to cook in soy sauce • (Hong Kong Cantonese) Short for 花生醬. ‖ (ACG, Internet slang) -chan ‖ (Taiwan, Malaysia or Internet slang) (in) this way • (Malaysia) then; in that case
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a kind of miso • any jam-like or paste-like food
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醬 (eumhun 젓갈 장 (jeotgal jang))
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any jam-like or paste-like food
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canonical : 醬: Hán Việt readings: tương 醬: Nôm readings: tương
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chữ Hán form of tương (“sauce”).
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醬
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| 醺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰun) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 熏 (OC *qʰun).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fan¹ • Middle-Chinese : xjun
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to be drunk; to intoxicate with alcohol
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|
hunger
|
|
|
|
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醺
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| 釀
|
‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiōng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liāng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiòng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̄g • Middle-Chinese : nrjangH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄤˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nn̂g • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liông
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to brew; to ferment • (of bees) to make (honey) • to lead to; to result in • to stuff (a stuffing made of meat, fish, shrimp, etc.) into a vegetable, tofu, etc. and fry or steam • wine; liquor ‖ Only used in 酒釀／酒酿 (jiǔniáng), alternative form of 酒娘
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|
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釀 • (yang) · 釀 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
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Hán-Nôm : nhưỡng • Hán-Nôm : nưỡng • Hán-Nôm : nẫng • Hán-Nôm : nãng
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釀
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| 釁
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hìn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hùn • Middle-Chinese : xinH
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(historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object • (historical) blood rite, in which the blood of a sacrifice is smeared upon an object · (archaic) to smear (with blood) • (archaic) crack; rift • dispute; quarrel; feud • a surname
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to smear with blood
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釁 • (heun) · 釁 • (heun) (hangeul 흔, revised heun, McCune–Reischauer hŭn, Yale hun)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hấn • Hán-Nôm : hắn
|
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釁
|
| 釉
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs) : semantic 采 (“color”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iu
|
glaze
|
|
pottery glaze
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釉 • (yu) · 釉 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dứu
|
|
釉
|
| 釐
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : phonetic 𠩺 () + semantic 里. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯ) : phonetic 𠩺 () + semantic 里.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴⁻¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : li ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hei¹
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centi- (SI unit prefix) • cash, a unit of weight, equal to one tenth of a 分 (fēn, “candareen”) • 0.001 dollars, yuan, etc.; 0.1 cents, fen, etc. (currency unit) • unit of monthly interest (0.01%), unit of annual interest (1%) • Alternative form of 嫠 (lí) ‖ Alternative form of 禧 (xǐ, “auspicious; lucky”) • a surname
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few • one tenth of a bu
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釐 (eumhun 고칠 리 (gochil ri), word-initial (South Korea) 고칠 이 (gochil i)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 제육 희 (jeyuk hui)) ‖ 釐 (eumhun 보리 래 (bori rae), word-initial (South Korea) 보리 내 (bori nae))
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manage, control • 1/1000 of a foot ‖ ‖
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Hán-Nôm : li • Hán-Nôm : ly
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釐
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| 釗
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ziu¹ • Middle-Chinese : kew • Middle-Chinese : tsyew
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(literary) to encourage • a surname
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釗 • (soe) · 釗 • (soe) (hangeul 쇠, revised soe, McCune–Reischauer soe, Yale soy)
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Hán-Nôm : chiêu
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釗
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| 釘
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Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ, *teːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). \ Some theorize that 丁 (OC *teːŋ) originally meant “nail”. After subsequently losing this original meaning, the character 釘／钉 was created to represent “nail” with the semantic element 金 (“metal”) added. \ Related to 定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Pronunciation 2 is a denominal verb derivation of pronunciation 1. \ ; “to die” ‖ Characters in the same phonetic series (丁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːŋ, *teːŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ). \ Some theorize that 丁 (OC *teːŋ) originally meant “nail”. After subsequently losing this original meaning, the character 釘／钉 was created to represent “nail” with the semantic element 金 (“metal”) added. \ Related to 定 (OC *teːŋs, *deːŋs) (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Pronunciation 2 is a denominal verb derivation of pronunciation 1. \ ; “to die”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ting • Middle-Chinese : teng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄥˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tìng • Middle-Chinese : tengH
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(obsolete, rare) gold slab • nail (spike-shaped fastener) • body piercing • to monitor; to urge • Alternative form of 盯 (dīng, “to keep eyes on; to stare at”) • Alternative form of 叮 (dīng, “to sting; to bite”) • (literary) lamp ‖ to nail; to staple • to sew on • (Cantonese, slang) to die • (obsolete, rare) gold
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‖ 釘(くぎ) • (kugi)
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‖ a nail; a spike made of metal or hard material used to stick something
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釘 • (jeong) · 釘 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
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Hán-Nôm : đinh • Hán-Nôm : đanh • Hán-Nôm : đính • Hán-Nôm : đĩnh
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釘
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| 釦
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Middle-Chinese : khuwX
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button (knob or small disc serving as a fastener) • (archery) metal loop at the nock point of a bow string • to engrave; to decorate
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‖
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button ‖
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釦 • (gu) · 釦 • (gu) (hangeul 구)
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Hán-Nôm : khấu • Hán-Nôm : khẩu
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釦
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| 釧
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰjons) : semantic 金 + phonetic 川 (OC *kʰjon).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuan • Middle-Chinese : tsyhwenH
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(literary or chiefly Southern Min) bracelet; armlet • a surname
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bracelet
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釧 • (cheon) · 釧 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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Hán-Nôm : xuyến • Hán-Nôm : xén • Hán-Nôm : xoắn • Hán-Nôm : xoăn
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釧
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| 釵
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshai • Middle-Chinese : tsrhea
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(dated) ornamental forked hairpin
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‖ 釵(さい) • (sai) ‖ 釵(かんざし) • (kanzashi) ‖ 釵(かざし) • (kazashi)
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‖ (weaponry) a sai: a short blunt weapon with a wide guard, used mainly for defense against opponents armed with swords ‖ a hairpin, particularly a fancy decorative hairpin used in Japanese women's hairstyles ‖ (obsolete) an ornamental hairpin (see above)
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釵 • (chae, cha) · 釵 • (chae, cha) (hangeul 채, 차, revised chae, cha, McCune–Reischauer ch'ae, ch'a, Yale chay, cha)
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Hán-Nôm : thoa • Hán-Nôm : soa • Hán-Nôm : sai
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釵
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| 鈉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njobs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs). \ Borrowed from New Latin natrium. Ultimately from Egyptian nṯrj: R9 ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : la̍p ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naap⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : nywejH
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sodium ‖ to forge iron ‖ Alternative form of 枘 (ruì, “tenon”) • Alternative form of 𨧨 (“sharp; pointed”)
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鈉 • (nap) · 鈉 • (nap) (hangeul 납, revised nap, McCune–Reischauer nap, Yale nap)
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鈉
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| 鈐
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Middle-Chinese : gjem
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official seal • to affix a seal to • tea-curing tool • stratagem; plot; plan; strategy; tactic • (figurative) key (to something) • a surname: Qian
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鈐 • (geom) · 鈐 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
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鈐
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| 鈔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sm̥ʰreːw, *sm̥ʰreːws) : semantic 金 + phonetic 少 (OC *hmjewʔ, *hmjews).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄠ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshà • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaew • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewH
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paper money; banknotes • Alternative form of 抄
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‖ 鈔(しょう) • (shō) ^(←せう (seu)?)
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‖ an excerpt, an extract (writing) • an annotation • a unit of volume, equal to one tenth of a 勺 (shaku) and one hundredth of a 合 (gō), or approximately 1.8 millilitres
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鈔 • (cho) · 鈔 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
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鈔
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| 鈕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ). \ The Manchu surname is clipping of 鈕祜祿／钮祜禄 (Niǔhùlù), from Manchu ᠨᡳᠣᡥᡠᡵᡠ (niohuru).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau² • Cantonese · Jyutping : nau⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liú • Middle-Chinese : nrjuwX
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button (on clothes) • button (something to be pressed) • a surname, particularly common among Manchus
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‖
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‖
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Hán-Nôm : nữu • Hán-Nôm : nạo • Hán-Nôm : nút
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鈕
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| 鈞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷin) : phonetic 匀 (OC *ɢʷin) + semantic 金 (“metal”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwan¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kwan¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kin • Middle-Chinese : kjwin
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(historical) ancient unit of measure equivalent to 30 catties or 15 kilograms • (polite) you; your • potter's wheel • tone; tune
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鈞 • (gyun) · 鈞 • (gyun) (hangeul 균, revised gyun, McCune–Reischauer kyun, Yale kyun)
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Hán-Nôm : quân
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鈞
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| 鈣
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Borrowed from New Latin calcium.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : koi³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kài
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calcium (Ca)
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calcium (Ca)
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鈣 • (gae) · 鈣 • (gae) (hangeul 개, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)
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Hán-Nôm : cái
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鈣
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| 鈷
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‖ ‖ ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 鈷 – see 瑚. \ (This character is a variant form of 瑚).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu² • Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo • Middle-Chinese : kuX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˋ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kóo
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cobalt ‖ Only used in 鈷鉧／钴𬭁 (gǔmǔ). ‖ to break ‖ (Southern Min) pot (classifier for bottled liquid)
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‖ 鈷(こ) • (ko)
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an iron (appliance for removing wrinkles from clothing) • (Buddhism) a vajra • cobalt ‖ cobalt
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鈷 • (go) · 鈷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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Hán-Nôm : cổ • Hán-Nôm : cỗ
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鈷
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| 鈸
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : but⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pua̍h • Middle-Chinese : bat ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : phuah
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cymbals; bo ‖ (Zhangzhou Hokkien) long sickle • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape with a long sickle
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鈸 • (bal) · 鈸 • (bal) (hangeul 발, revised bal, McCune–Reischauer pal, Yale pal)
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(동발 발, dongbal-): cymbal
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鈸 (bạt)
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鈸
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| 鈾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû
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(chemistry) uranium
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Hán-Nôm : du • Hán-Nôm : do
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鈾
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| 鉀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːb, *kraːb) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb, “armour”) \ Borrowed from New Latin kalium. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Middle-Chinese : kap
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(chemistry) potassium ‖ Only used in 鉀鑪／钾𬬻.
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鉀 • (gap) · 鉀 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
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Hán-Nôm : giáp
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鉀
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| 鉋
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‖ 鉋(かんな) • (kanna) ‖ 鉋(かな) • (kana)
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a plane (woodworking) ‖ (woodworking tools) a plane ‖ (woodworking tools, possibly dialect) a plane
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鉋 • (po) · 鉋 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
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鉋
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| 鉑
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; “thin sheet of metal”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : po̍k
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Alternative form of 箔 (bó, “thin sheet of metal”) • (chemistry) platinum (metal)
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鉑 (eumhun 금백 백 (geumbaek baek))
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hanja form of 금 (“gold leaf, platinum”)
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Hán-Nôm : bạc • Hán-Nôm : bạch
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silver
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鉑
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| 鉗
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kim⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : kem⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khînn • Middle-Chinese : gjem
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claw of a crustacean (Classifier: 個／个 c) • pincers, pliers, tongs • to grab or pinch with a plier or a crustacean claw
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鉗 • (gyeom) · 鉗 • (gyeom) (hangeul 겸, revised gyeom, McCune–Reischauer kyŏm, Yale kyem)
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鉗
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| 銃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰjuŋs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 充 (OC *l̥ʰjuŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cung³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshìng • Middle-Chinese : tsyhuwngH
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blunderbuss • (Eastern Min, Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) gun; firearm (Classifier: 支 mn)
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‖ 銃(じゅう) • (jū) ^(←じゆう (zyuu)?) ‖ 銃(つつ) • (tsutsu)
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gun ‖ gun (firearm) ‖ gun, firearm
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銃 • (chong) · 銃 • (chong) (hangeul 총)
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gun, rifle, firearm
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Hán-Nôm : súng • Hán-Nôm : xúng
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gun, firearm
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銃
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| 銓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁴ • Middle-Chinese : tshjwen
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to estimate • to select
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銓 • (jeon) · 銓 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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銓
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| 銖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsu • Middle-Chinese : dzyu
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(historical) zhu (an ancient Chinese unit of weight notionally equivalent to 100 millet seeds or 1/24 liang/tael, chiefly used for denominating small coins) • Thai baht (currency unit) • a surname
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銖 • (su) · 銖 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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銖
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| 銜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːm) : semantic 行 + phonetic 金 (OC *krɯm).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haam⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : haem
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to hold in the mouth • to harbor (hold in one's thoughts) • to connect • rank; title • (literary, or in compounds) to accept • (literary, or in compounds) bit (of a horse)
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銜 • (ham) · 銜 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
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Hán-Nôm : hàm
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銜
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| 銬
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kaau³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kau³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khàu
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shackles; manacles • to shackle; to manacle
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銬
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| 銳
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : juē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luē • Middle-Chinese : ywejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄟˋ • Middle-Chinese : dwajH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ
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sharp; keen; acute; pointed • 14th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "penetration" (𝌓) ‖ A kind of spear-like weapon. ‖ ^‡ Only used in 銚銳／铫锐 (“basin”).
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pointed • sharpness • edge • weapon • sharp • violent
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銳 • (ye, tae) · 銳 • (ye, tae) (hangeul 예, 태, revised ye, tae, McCune–Reischauer ye, t'ae, Yale yey, thay)
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sharp • swift • agile
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Hán-Nôm : nhuệ • Hán-Nôm : nhọn
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銳
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| 銷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sew) : semantic 金 + phonetic 肖 (OC *slew, *slews).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : siu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siau • Middle-Chinese : sjew
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to melt • to sell • to expend • to cancel; to write off • to bolt • peg; pin; bolt • a surname: Xiao
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銷 • (so) · 銷 • (so) (hangeul 소, revised so, McCune–Reischauer so, Yale so)
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Hán-Nôm : tiêu • Hán-Nôm : tiu • Hán-Nôm : tỏe • Hán-Nôm : toẻ
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銷
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| 銻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːl) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 弟 (OC *diːlʔ, *diːls). ‖ Borrowed from New Latin stibium.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˊ • Middle-Chinese : dej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : the
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(obsolete) Only used in 鎕銻／𰾯锑 (tángtí, “a type of gemstone, with a fire-like appearance”). ‖ (chemistry) antimony
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銻 • (je) · 銻 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
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銻
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| 銼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰoːls, *zoːl, *zoːɡ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 坐 (OC *zoːlʔ, *zoːls).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshò • Middle-Chinese : dzwa • Middle-Chinese : tshwaH • Middle-Chinese : dzuwk
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carpenter's file, file smooth
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銼
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| 鋁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 呂. \ Borrowed from New Latin aluminium.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lū • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǐr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí
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(chemistry) aluminium; aluminum
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aluminum
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鋁 • (ryeo) · 鋁 • (ryeo) (hangeul 려, revised ryeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ, Yale lye)
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Hán-Nôm : lã • Hán-Nôm : lữ
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鋁
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| 鋅
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Borrowed from English zinc. ‖ For pronunciation and definitions of 鋅 – see 釨. \ (This character is a variant form of 釨). \ Borrowed from English sink.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : san¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sin ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sing¹
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(chemistry) zinc ‖ (Cantonese) Only used in 鋅盆／锌盆.
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鋅 • (ja) · 鋅 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
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|
|
|
鋅
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| 鋒
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hong • Middle-Chinese : phjowng
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pointed edge; cutting edge • (figurative) vanguard; pioneer • (meteorology) front
|
‖ 鋒(ほこ) • (hoko)
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‖ Alternative spelling of 矛
|
鋒 • (bong) · 鋒 • (bong) (hangeul 봉, revised bong, McCune–Reischauer pong, Yale pong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : phong
|
|
鋒
|
| 鋤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zra) : semantic 金 + phonetic 助 (OC *zras).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo • Middle-Chinese : dzrjo
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hoe • to hoe; to dig • to remove; to get rid of; to eradicate • (Cantonese) to bring someone negative consequences
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|
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鋤 • (seo) · 鋤 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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(호미 서): hoe (short-handled, one-handed) • (김맬 서): to weed, eradicate, compare mow, hew, hoe. • (없앨 서): to remove, eliminate
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Hán-Nôm : sừ • Hán-Nôm : xừ
|
|
鋤
|
| 鋪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaː, *pʰaːs, *pʰa) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo • Middle-Chinese : phu • Middle-Chinese : phju ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pou³⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phòo • Middle-Chinese : phuH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : pou¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo
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to spread out; to arrange • to display • to pave; to tile; to lay • (Cantonese) Classifier for games or matches. • (Cantonese) Classifier for addictions. ‖ store (Classifier: 間／间 c) • relay station for post horses • (Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Nanning Pinghua, Wenzhounese) unit of distance equivalent to 10 li ‖ bed
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|
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鋪 • (po) · 鋪 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
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|
Hán-Nôm : phô • Hán-Nôm : phố • Hán-Nôm : pho
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鋪
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| 鋭
|
|
|
|
‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei) -na (adnominal 鋭(えい)な (ei na), adverbial 鋭(えい)に (ei ni)) ‖ 鋭(えい) • (ei)
|
sharp ‖ sharp; pointed; acute; keen ‖ (literary) keen ‖ (literary) sharp weapon • (literary) elite; pick
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鋭 • (ye, tae) · 鋭 • (ye, tae) (hangeul 예, 태, revised ye, tae, McCune–Reischauer ye, t'ae, Yale yey, thay)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nhọn • Hán-Nôm : nhuệ • Hán-Nôm : duệ
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|
鋭
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| 鋸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kas) : semantic 金 + phonetic 居 (OC *kɯ, *kas). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kù • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kì • Middle-Chinese : kjoH ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : goe¹
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saw (tool) (Classifier: 把 m c) • to saw • to amputate • (dialectal) to play (a stringed instrument) ‖ to kill; to slaughter • (Cantonese, figuratively) to swindle (to obtain by deceitful methods)
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‖ 鋸(のこぎり) or 鋸(ノコギリ) • (nokogiri)
|
saw ‖ a saw (tool)
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鋸 (eum 거 (geo))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : cưa
|
|
鋸
|
| 錐
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jeoi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsui • Middle-Chinese : tsywij
|
awl • awl-like object • to drill; to bore • cone; pyramid
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‖ 錐(きり) • (kiri) ‖ 錐(すい) • (sui)
|
‖ a pointy tool used to make holes, such as a drill, a gimlet, an auger or an awl ‖ Clipping of 錐体 (suitai, “cone or pyramid”).
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錐 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dùi
|
|
錐
|
| 錘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *dol, *dols, *du) : semantic 金 + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceoi⁴⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuî • Middle-Chinese : drjwe • Middle-Chinese : drjweH
|
hammer • mace (weapon) • (literally, figuratively) to hammer into shape; to forge • (Mainland China, neologism, slang) proof • (historical) an ancient unit of weight • a surname: Chui
|
‖ 錘(おもり) • (omori)
|
weight, sinker • spindle ‖ Alternative form of 重り (omori, “weight; sinker”)
|
錘 • (chu) · 錘 • (chu) (hangeul 추)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chuy • Hán-Nôm : chùy • Hán-Nôm : chuỳ • Hán-Nôm : dùi • Hán-Nôm : thùy • Hán-Nôm : thuỳ
|
|
錘
|
| 錚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰreːŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 爭 (OC *ʔsreːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zang¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrheang
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onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck • (historical) an ancient type of percussion instrument, made of copper, bell-shaped, and narrow, used to pace the marching of armies
|
|
gong • onomatopoeia for the sound of metal objects being struck
|
錚 (eumhun 쇳소리 쟁 (soetsori jaeng))
|
metallic sound • gong (a type of percussion instrument used in folk music)
|
Hán-Nôm : trành • Hán-Nôm : tranh
|
|
錚
|
| 錨
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 苗 (OC *mrew).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : mâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : biâu
|
anchor
|
‖ 錨(いかり) • (ikari) ‖ 錨(びょう) • (byō) ^(←べう (beu)?)
|
‖ (nautical) an anchor (tool to moor a vessel into the sea bottom) • an anchor-shaped tool on the end of a rope or other line, used to secure the line • an anchor-shaped grapnel • a kind of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) in the shape of an anchor ‖ (nautical) anchor
|
錨 • (myo) · 錨 • (myo) (hangeul 묘, revised myo, McCune–Reischauer myo, Yale myo)
|
(닻): anchor
|
Hán-Nôm : miêu
|
|
錨
|
| 錫
|
Characters in the same phonetic series (易) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sek⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sik • Middle-Chinese : sek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˊ ‖ Cantonese · Jyutping : sek³
|
tin ‖ ^† Alternative form of 賜／赐 (“to bestow; to confer”) ‖ (Cantonese) Alternative form of 惜 (sek3, “to cherish; to kiss”)
|
‖ 錫(しゃく) • (shaku)
|
tin ‖ Short for 錫杖.
|
錫 • (seok) · 錫 • (seok) (hangeul 석, revised seok, McCune–Reischauer sŏk, Yale sek)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thiếc • Hán-Nôm : tích • Hán-Nôm : xích
|
|
錫
|
| 錳
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 孟. \ From New Latin manganum.
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : maang⁵ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bíng
|
(chemistry) manganese
|
|
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錳 • (maeng) · 錳 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)
|
|
|
|
錳
|
| 錶
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 + phonetic 表 (OC *prawʔ). \ Differentiated character from 表 (biǎo) coined c. 1900.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pió
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watch (portable timepiece) (Classifier: 塊／块 m) • (specifically) wristwatch (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • gauge; meter; instrument
|
|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : biểu
|
|
錶
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| 鍍
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : du • Middle-Chinese : duH
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to plate; to cover (a metal object) with a thin coating of a different metal
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|
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鍍 • (do) · 鍍 • (do) (hangeul 도, revised do, McCune–Reischauer to, Yale to)
|
|
|
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鍍
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| 鍥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːd, *kʰeːd) : semantic 金 (“metal; gold”) + phonetic 契 (OC *kʰeːds, *kʰeːd, *kʰeːd, *kʰɯd).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : keh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kueh • Middle-Chinese : ket • Middle-Chinese : khet
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|
|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : kết
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鍥
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| 鍬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw) – a metal shovel.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu
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shovel; spade
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‖ 鍬(くわ) • (kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?) ‖ 鍬(くわ) • (Kuwa) ^(←くは (kufa)?)
|
hoe ‖ a hoe (agricultural tool) ‖ a surname
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鍬 (eum 초 (cho))
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(가래 초): a spade, shovel, ploughshare
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Hán-Nôm : thâu
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|
鍬
|
| 鍾
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsing • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiong • Middle-Chinese : tsyowng
|
vessel for containing alcohol • to concentrate one's love or attention • unit of capacity • Alternative form of 鐘／钟 (zhōng, “percussion musical instrument; bell”) • (obsolete, chiefly Nanzhao) younger brother • a surname
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‖ 鍾(しょう) • (shō)
|
bronze jar used for storing alcohol ‖ bronze jar used for storing alcohol
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鍾 • (jong) · 鍾 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)
|
음훈: [술병 종] 술병, 술잔 = alcohol bottle, alcohol glass, alcohol receptacle
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Hán-Nôm : chung • Hán-Nôm : chuông
|
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鍾
|
| 鎂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 美 (měi). \ Borrowed from New Latin magnesium. ‖ Decomposition of the character into its components.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˇ ㄐㄧㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁵ gam¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bí-kim
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(chemistry) magnesium ‖ (neologism, Internet slang) Alternative form of 美金 (měijīn)
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|
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鎂 • (mi) · 鎂 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : mĩ
|
|
鎂
|
| 鎊
|
‖ Borrowed from English pound.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤ • Middle-Chinese : phang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄤˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bong⁶
|
‖ pound (unit of currency)
|
|
|
鎊 • (bang) · 鎊 • (bang) (hangeul 방)
|
|
|
|
鎊
|
| 鎔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *loŋ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 容 (OC *loŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iông • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iûnn • Middle-Chinese : yowng
|
mould for casting • to melt by heat; to turn solid into liquid by heat
|
|
to melt by heat • mould for casting
|
鎔 • (yong) · 鎔 • (yong) (hangeul 용, revised yong, McCune–Reischauer yong, Yale yong)
|
|
|
|
鎔
|
| 鎢
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaː) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 烏 (OC *qaː). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Middle-Chinese : 'u ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo
|
Only used in 鎢錥／钨𫓾. ‖ (chemistry) tungsten; wolfram
|
|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : ô
|
|
鎢
|
| 鎳
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nip¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gia̍t
|
nickel (an element)
|
|
|
鎳 • (eol) · 鎳 • (eol) (hangeul 얼, revised eol, McCune–Reischauer ŏl, Yale el)
|
|
|
|
鎳
|
| 鏃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 族 (OC *zoːɡ). \ Compare འཛུགས ('dzugs, “to insert; to plant”) (Sagart, 2017d; Hill, 2019), which STEDT derives from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(d)z(j)u(ː)k (“to pierce; to plant; to erect”). \ Sagart (2017) also compares it to Jingpho achyo (“to stab”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄘㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsuwk
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(literary) arrowhead; barb • (literary) sharp • (literary) swift; quick
|
‖ 鏃(やじり) • (yajiri)
|
‖ arrowhead
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鏃 • (jok) · 鏃 • (jok) (hangeul 족, revised jok, McCune–Reischauer chok, Yale cok)
|
|
|
|
鏃
|
| 鏈
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren, *rens, *r̥ʰen) : semantic 金 + phonetic 連 (OC *ren). \ From 連 (MC ljen). ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liān ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : trhjen • Middle-Chinese : ljen
|
chain; wire; cable • chain; shack • to chain • chain (unit of length equal to 22 yards) ‖ copper • lead mine • mine
|
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chain • irons • connection
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鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) · 鏈 • (ryeon>yeon) (hangeul 련>연)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : liên
|
|
鏈
|
| 鏑
|
‖ Borrowed from New Latin dysprosium.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tek ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dik¹
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arrowhead ‖ (chemistry) dysprosium
|
|
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鏑 • (jeok) · 鏑 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : đích
|
|
鏑
|
| 鏖
|
‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : 'aw ‖
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(literary) to fight to the end; to engage in a fierce battle • fierce • clamorous • (obsolete) kettle ‖ unclean; unkempt • dust; waste; rubbish
|
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massacre, annihilation, wholesale slaughter
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鏖 • (o) · 鏖 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)
|
|
|
|
鏖
|
| 鏗
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khing • Middle-Chinese : kheang
|
to strike, beat, stroke • jingling
|
|
onomatopoeia of something hard hits • to strike, to beat
|
鏗 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 갱 (geumok sori gaeng))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : keng • Hán-Nôm : khanh
|
|
鏗
|
| 鏘
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coeng¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshjang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄧㄤ
|
(onomatopoeia) tinkle; clang; jingle (sound of metal or jade) ‖ (Taiwan, slang) Alternative form of ㄎㄧㄤ (kiāng)
|
|
tinkle
|
鏘 (eumhun 금옥(金玉) 소리 장 (geumok sori jang))
|
tinkle
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Hán-Nôm : tương
|
|
鏘
|
| 鏜
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹ • Middle-Chinese : thang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong⁴
|
a type of small copper drum • (onomatopoeia) drum or gong sound ‖ to bore hole
|
|
boring tool
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鏜 • (dang) · 鏜 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
|
boring tool
|
|
|
鏜
|
| 鏟
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns) : semantic 金 + phonetic 產 (OC *sŋreːnʔ).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : caan² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Middle-Chinese : tsrheanX • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaenH
|
spade; shovel; scoop • to shovel; to level off • to root out; to destroy • (Hong Kong Cantonese) to delete (data on a computer or other device)
|
|
|
鏟 • (san) · 鏟 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
|
|
canonical : 鏟: Hán Việt readings: sạn • canonical : sản 鏟: Nôm readings: sản • canonical : san • canonical : sán • canonical : xẻng • canonical : sám
|
chữ Hán form of sạn (“shovel”). • Nôm form of xẻng (“shovel”).
|
鏟
|
| 鏢
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piau • Middle-Chinese : phjiew
|
dart; spear; harpoon • (archaic) goods sent under the protection of an armed escort
|
|
|
鏢 (eum 표 (pyo))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tiu
|
|
鏢
|
| 鏽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɯwɢs) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 肅 (OC *sɯwɢ). \ Related to 鏉 (OC *srus) (Wang, 1982).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siù
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rust (deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation) • to rust; to get rusty; to corrode; to oxidise • incrustation • rust (disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus)
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‖
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‖
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鏽 • (su) · 鏽 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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鏽
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| 鐃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rŋaːw) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : naau⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nâ • Middle-Chinese : nraew
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(historical) wide upward-facing bronze bell connected to a short handle and struck with a mallet, used in battle to halt or recall troops • (music) big cymbals • Alternative form of 撓／挠 (náo, “to disturb; to argue; to debate”)
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‖ 鐃(にょう) • (nyō) ^(←ねう (neu)?) ‖ 鐃(どう) • (dō) ^(←だう (dau)?)
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‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples ‖ in ancient China, a gong used in the army to signal the drumming to stop • (Buddhism) a kind of gong used at Buddhist temples
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鐃 • (nyo>yo) · 鐃 • (nyo>yo) (hangeul 뇨>요, revised nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer nyo>yo, Yale nyo>yo)
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|
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鐃
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| 鐮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 金 (“gold; metal”) + phonetic 廉 (OC *ɡ·rem). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rjam (“sharp”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lim⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : ljem
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sickle
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Alternative form of 鎌 (“sickle”)
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canonical : 鐮: Hán Việt readings: liêm 鐮: Nôm readings: liềm • canonical : liêm • canonical : lẹm
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Nôm form of liềm (“sickle”).
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鐮
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| 鐲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zuk⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : so̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sio̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzyowk • Middle-Chinese : draewk
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^⁜ bangle; rigid bracelet • (historical) bell used to control the pace of marching troops
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|
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canonical : 鐲: Hán Việt readings: trạc 鐲: Nôm readings: đúc • canonical : đục • canonical : đọc • canonical : chạc • canonical : trọc
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chữ Hán form of trạc (“bracelet, gong (instrument)”). • Nôm form of đúc (“to cast metal”).
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鐲
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| 鐳
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ruːl) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 雷 (OC *ruːl). \ Borrowed from English radium. ‖ Borrowed from Malay duit, from Dutch duit. ‖ Transliteration character. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : lui ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luî • Middle-Chinese : lwoj
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(chemistry) radium ‖ (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; Zhongshan Min) copper cash; coin • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien) Classifier for copper cash. • (Malaysian Cantonese and Singapore Cantonese, Hakka, Southern Min; Xiamen, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou Hokkien; slang in Hong Kong Cantonese) money ‖ Only used in 鐳射／镭射 (léishè). ‖ (archaic) bottle; pitcher
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鐳
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| 鐸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːɡ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 睪 (OC *neb, *laːɡ, *kuː).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dok⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : dak
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(historical) large bronze bell with a wooden or bronze clapper and a long handle, used for war and to announce proclamations • a surname
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‖ 鐸(ぬりて) • (nurite) ‖ 鐸(ぬて) • (nute) ‖ 鐸(さなき) • (sanaki) ‖ 鐸(たく) • (taku)
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a bell used for signaling • wind chime ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient bell with a long handle used for signalling ‖ (historical) an ancient large iron bell used in rituals ‖ a large bell made of copper or bronze with a long handle on the top to grab and ring
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鐸 (eumhun 방울 탁 (bang'ul tak))
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hanja form of 탁 (“bell”)
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Hán-Nôm : đạc • Hán-Nôm : đác
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鐸
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| 鐺
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dong¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tong • Middle-Chinese : tang ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caang¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing¹ • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaeng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tong¹
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(onomatopoeia) Metallic sound: clank; clang • (literary) earring of women ‖ shallow, flat pan; griddle • an ancient type of pot with legs ‖ a type of small copper drum
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chain • tip of a scabbard • flatiron
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鐺 • (dang) · 鐺 • (dang) (hangeul 당, revised dang, McCune–Reischauer tang, Yale tang)
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canonical : 鐺: Hán Việt readings: sanh • canonical : thang • canonical : đang • canonical : đương • canonical : tang 鐺: Nôm readings: đương • canonical : xanh
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wok
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鐺
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| 鑒
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaam³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kàm • Middle-Chinese : ken • Middle-Chinese : kaemH
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(bronze) mirror • to inspect; to examine • to reflect; to mirror • to evaluate; to assess • perceptiveness; vigilance • reflection • lesson; example; warning • (historical) large reflective basin for holding water or ice
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‖
|
‖
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鑒 (eumhun 거울 감 (geoul gam))
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Alternative form of 鑑 (“hanja form of 감 (“mirror; inspection”)”)
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Hán-Nôm : giám • Hán-Nôm : gương
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鑒
|
| 鑠
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰljawɢ) : semantic 金 (“gold”) + phonetic 樂 (OC *ŋraːwɢs, *raːwɢ, *ŋraːwɢ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siak • Middle-Chinese : syak
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to melt by heat; to fuse (metal) • (literary) to weaken; to wear down • (archaic) to permeate; to seep into • fine; glorious • Alternative form of 爍／烁 (“bright; brilliant; glittering”)
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|
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鑠 • (sak) · 鑠 • (sak) (hangeul 삭, revised sak, McCune–Reischauer sak, Yale sak)
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|
|
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鑠
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| 鑣
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : pjew
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horse bit • (metonymically) horse, or any similar animal used for riding • Alternative form of 鏢／镖 (biāo, “dart; goods sent under the protection of an armed escort”)
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|
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鑣 • (pyo) · 鑣 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
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|
|
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鑣
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| 鑰
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lowɢ) : semantic 金 + phonetic 龠 (OC *lowɢ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joek⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io̍h • Middle-Chinese : yak
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Alternative form of 𨷲 (“bolt”) • lock (device or mechanism) • key (to a lock) • (figurative) key (to something) • (figurative) strategic place • a surname
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|
lock
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鑰 • (yak) · 鑰 • (yak) (hangeul 약, revised yak, McCune–Reischauer yak, Yale yak)
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|
Hán-Nôm : dược • Hán-Nôm : thược • Hán-Nôm : thước
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|
鑰
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| 鑲
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sionn • Middle-Chinese : nyang • Middle-Chinese : sjang • Middle-Chinese : nrjang
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to insert; to inlay; set; mount • to fill • to rim; to edge; to border
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|
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鑲 • (yang) · 鑲 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
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Hán-Nôm : tương
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|
鑲
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| 鑼
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Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lo⁴⁻² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Middle-Chinese : la
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gong (Classifier: 面 m)
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‖ 鑼(どら) • (dora)
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a gong ‖ Alternative spelling of 銅鑼: a gong
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鑼 • (ra>na) · 鑼 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
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|
Hán-Nôm : la
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|
鑼
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| 鑽
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːn, *ʔsoːns) : semantic 釒 + phonetic 贊 (OC *ʔsaːns).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn • Middle-Chinese : tswan ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyun³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsǹg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsuìnn • Middle-Chinese : tswanH
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to drill; to bore • to study intensively • to go deep into or go through; to get into; to break through; to pierce • to secure personal gain ‖ drill; auger (tool) • diamond
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|
to start a fire (by friction)
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鑽 • (chan) · 鑽 • (chan) (hangeul 찬)
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|
Hán-Nôm : toản • Hán-Nôm : xoảng • Hán-Nôm : xoàn
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|
鑽
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| 鑾
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan
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a bell attached to a carriage • the carriage of the emperor
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|
bell(s) attached to an emperor's carriage • emperor's carriage • emperor
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鑾 • (ran>nan) · 鑾 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
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|
Hán-Nôm : loan
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鑾
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| 鑿
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 (). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ, *zoːwɢ) : semantic 金 (“metal”) + phonetic 𥽿 ().
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶⁻² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsha̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tso̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k • Middle-Chinese : dzak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄠˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zok⁶ • Middle-Chinese : tsak ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨˊ • Middle-Chinese : dzuwk
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chisel • to bore; to cut a hole; to chisel • to dig • (obsolete) tool for tattooing the face as punishment • (literary) to interpret in a strained manner • (obsolete) Used in 鑿行／凿行. • (obsolete) Used in 鑿空／凿空 (záokōng). • (obsolete) feeling; emotion • (literary or Beijing Mandarin) to beat forcefully • (Hokkien) to stab; to pierce • (Mainland China Hokkien) to criticize with pointed words; to poke holes in people's holes or secrets • (Taiwanese Hokkien) feeling uncomfortable (when worn, etc.) ‖ hole; mortise • tunnel ‖ real; authentic; irrefutable • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “to polish (rice)”) • ^† Alternative form of 糳 (zuò, “polished rice”) • Used in 鑿鑿／凿凿 (zuòzuò). ‖ ^† to carve • ^† Alternative form of 鏃／镞 (“arrow”)
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|
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鑿 (eumhun 뚫을 착 (ttureul chak)) ‖ 鑿 (eumhun 구멍 조 (gumeong jo))
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hanja form of 착 (“to bore; to pierce”) ‖ (archaic) hanja form of 조 (“hole”)
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Hán-Nôm : tạc • Hán-Nôm : toạc
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鑿
|
| 閂
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 一 (“crossbar”) ― a crossbar over a gate; sealing it closed. \ Compare 關. \ Related to 關 (OC *kroːn) (Zhengzhang, 2003). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : suan ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn
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bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch • (Cantonese, dialectal Hakka) to close (a door, a gate, etc.) • (Cantonese) to switch off; to turn off ‖ bolt; latch; crossbar • to bolt; to latch; to lock
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‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (kwannuki)?) ‖ 閂(かんぬき) • (Kannuki) ^(←くわんぬき (Kwannuki)?)
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‖ a heavy, usually wooden, crossbar used to lock across double doors or gates of an entrance to a building, similar to a latch • (sumo) a grip in which one wrestler wraps his arms around both of his opponent’s arms and squeezes them together to maneuver the opponent for a kimedashi or kimetaoshi, or to weaken the opponent’s grip on the mawashi; a type of armbar ‖ a surname
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|
|
|
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閂
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| 閃
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“gate”) + 人 (“person”) — a person running through a gate. \ Possibly iterative devoicing of 燄 (OC *lamʔ, “to be flaming up”) (Schuessler, 2007). ‖ Ultimately from Hebrew שם (Šēm). ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siám • Middle-Chinese : syemX • Middle-Chinese : syemH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sim² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Siám ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sinnh • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sih • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sínn
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to dodge; to evade • to twist; to sprain; to pull a muscle • to flash • lightning; flash • to sparkle; to shine • sparkling; shiny • to rock; to sway • (dialectal) to leave behind • (Cantonese, colloquial) to leave, especially quickly or suddenly • (neologism) affectionate between couples • a surname ‖ Shem (Biblical character) ‖ (Southern Min) Alternative form of 爍／烁
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‖ 閃(せん) • (Sen)
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flash • brandish ‖ a female given name
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閃 (eumhun 번쩍일 섬 (beonjjeogil seom))
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hanja form of 섬 (“flash”)
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Hán-Nôm : thiểm
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|
閃
|
| 閒
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 月 (“moon”) – moonlight peeking through a door – interstice; space (original character of 間). \ Karlgren (1957) and Baxter (1992) connect this word with 間 (OC *kreːn, “interstice time”). \ Alternatively, Pulleyblank (1973) suggests that it is cognate with 暇 (OC *ɡraːs, “to be at leisure”). \ Schuessler (2007) considers this unrelated to 間 (OC *kreːn, *kreːns), and instead proposes that this is borrowed from Tai languages, akin to Thai คร้าน (kráan, “lazy; indolent”). 懶 (OC *raːnʔ, “lazy”) may be a colloquial reflex of the same word (ibid.).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : îng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uînn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : âinn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hân • Middle-Chinese : hean
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not busy; idle • vacant; unoccupied; unused • leisurely and carefree • trivial; unimportant • unrelated to one's proper business; extraneous; belonging to others • relaxed; peaceful; tranquil; calm • leisure; spare time; free time • (gambling) player (instead of banker) • a surname • (Hakka) Alternative form of 還／还 (“very”)
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|
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閒 • (han, gan) · 閒 • (han, gan) (hangeul 한, 간, revised han, gan, McCune–Reischauer han, kan, Yale han, kan)
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leisure, idle • peaceful, tranquil, calm
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Hán-Nôm : gian • Hán-Nôm : nhàn • Hán-Nôm : gián
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|
閒
|
| 閔
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯnʔ) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bín • Middle-Chinese : minX
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to pity; to feel compassion for • to worry; to concern • a surname
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|
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閔 • (min) · 閔 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : mẫn
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|
閔
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| 閘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klaːb, *sɡreːb, *qraːb) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄚˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍p • Middle-Chinese : kap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep
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sluice; floodgate • switch; breaker; brake • (chiefly Cantonese) gate (Classifier: 道 c) • to dam • (Cantonese, Southern Min) to block; to obstruct • (Hong Kong, soccer) fullback • a surname
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|
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閘 • (gap) · 閘 • (gap) (hangeul 갑, revised gap, McCune–Reischauer kap, Yale kap)
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|
|
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閘
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| 閡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɡɯːɡs) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngoi⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngojH
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to separate; to cut off
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|
blocked or separated • to prevent
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|
|
|
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閡
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| 閤
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶
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(literary) side door • throne room • (alt. form 閣) chamber; pavilion • (alt. form 閣) female quarters • a surname ‖ (alt. form 合, 闔) to close; to shut • (alt. form 闔) all of; whole of; entire
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|
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閤 • (hap) · 閤 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
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|
Hán-Nôm : các
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|
閤
|
| 閨
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʷeː) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː, “pointed jade tablet”) – arched door in the shape of a 圭 (guī).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kui • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Middle-Chinese : kwej
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(literary) small arched gate • boudoir; lady's chamber
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閨 • (gyu) · 閨 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
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Hán-Nôm : khuê
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閨
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| 閩
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯn, *mɯn) : phonetic 門 (OC *mɯːn) + semantic 虫 (“snake”). The 虫 radical was a common component of the names of barbarians (Schuessler, 2007), probably reflecting the Min people's worship of snakes (Li, 2017). \ Matisoff (2003) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-b/m-ruːl (“snake”), but this comparison is no longer held in STEDT. \ In most modern Min dialects and some other southern dialects (including Hakka and Xiang), it is read with a level tone (平聲), which is the expected reflex based on rime dictionaries. In Mandarin and the remaining southern dialects, it is read with a rising tone (上聲), probably due to analogy with the phonetic component of 閔 (MC minX) (Li, 2017).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˇ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄣˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bîn • Middle-Chinese : min • Middle-Chinese : mjun
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(historical) Min people (ancient ethnic group) • (～江) Min River (a river in Fujian, China) • Fujian • (～語, ～方言) Min languages • a surname
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‖ 閩(びん) • (Bin)
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‖ Min, one of the Ten Kingdoms of China
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閩 • (min) · 閩 • (min) (hangeul 민, revised min, McCune–Reischauer min, Yale min)
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Hán-Nôm : mân
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閩
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| 閭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ra) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 呂 (OC *ɡ·raʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leoi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Middle-Chinese : ljo
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(literary) gate of a lane or alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley • (literary) neighborhood; hamlet; lane; alley · (historical) village or neighbourhood of twenty-five families (according to certain historical sources of various authenticity) • a surname
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‖ 閭(りょ) • (ryo)
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rural area ‖ gate of a village
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閭 • (ryeo>yeo) · 閭 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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Hán-Nôm : lữ • Hán-Nôm : lừ • Hán-Nôm : lư
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閭
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| 閱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lod) : semantic 門 + phonetic 兌 (OC *l'oːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ua̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍t • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : et • Middle-Chinese : ywet
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(literary, or in compounds) to inspect; to examine; to review • (literary, or in compounds) to read; to peruse • (literary, or in compounds) to experience; to go through • a surname: Yue
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to review manuscripts; to read attentively • to inspect; to censor; to review troops
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閱 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol))
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inspect
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Hán-Nôm : duyệt
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閱
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| 閲
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‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu) ‖ 閲(えつ) • (etsu)
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to review manuscripts; to read attentively • to inspect; to censor; to review troops ‖ read; view; examine; inspect • pass (of time); elapse ‖ (literary) viewing; reading; inspection
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閲 (eumhun 검열할 열 (geomyeolhal yeol))
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inspect
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Hán-Nôm : duyệt • Hán-Nôm : dượt
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閲
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| 閻
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Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâm • Middle-Chinese : yem
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village gate • a surname
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village gate • good-looking • used as a phonetic sign for the transcription of Sanskrit
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閻 • (yeom) · 閻 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
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Hán-Nôm : diêm
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閻
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| 闆
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baan² ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄢˇ
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Only used in 老闆／老板 (lǎobǎn). ‖ ^‡ to look from a door
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闆 • (ban) · 闆 • (ban) (hangeul 반, revised ban, McCune–Reischauer pan, Yale pan)
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inside the gate [door, window] • adult • landlord • plank
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闆
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| 闈
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j
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side door of the palace • imperial concubines' residence • one's parents' bedroom • women's quarters • (historical) imperial examination hall or room
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gate, door • living quarters
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闈 • (wi) · 闈 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)
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gate • royal palace • inner room
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闈
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| 闊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːd) : semantic 門 (“gate; door”) + phonetic 活 (OC *koːd, *ɡoːd)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khuah • Middle-Chinese : khwat
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broad; wide • rich; wealthy • empty; impractical • (Hokkien) big (of someone's mouth)
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闊 • (hwal) · 闊 • (hwal) (hangeul 활, revised hwal, McCune–Reischauer hwal, Yale hwal)
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Hán-Nôm : khoát • Hán-Nôm : khoắt
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闊
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| 闋
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : khwet
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(literary) to stop; to end • Classifier for songs, poems, etc. • Classifier for stanzas of a poem.
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close • shut • watch-tower • rest
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闋 • (gyeol) · 闋 • (gyeol) (hangeul 결, revised gyeol, McCune–Reischauer kyŏl, Yale kyel)
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闋
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| 闌
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : laan⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Middle-Chinese : lan
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door screen • railing; fence • to exhaust; to use up; to end; to finish; to wane • late (in time)
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rise high • be well along
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闌 • (ran>nan) · 闌 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
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Hán-Nôm : làn • Hán-Nôm : lan
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闌
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| 闐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *diːn, *diːns) : semantic 門 (“gate”) + phonetic 眞 (OC *ʔljin) ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : den ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin⁴ • Middle-Chinese : denH
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Used in 闐闐／阗阗; also used as its short form. • (alt. form 填) to fill up ‖ Used in place names
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闐
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| 闔
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hap⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ha̍p • Middle-Chinese : hap ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kha̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khah
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(literary) door; door leaf • (literary) all of; whole of; entire • (literary) to close; to shut • Alternative form of 盍 (hé, “why not”) • a surname. ‖ (Southern Min) to close, leaving it slightly open • (Mainland China Hokkien) to be detained; to be held up; to get stuck
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to close; to shut • whole; entire; all • Alternative form of 扉 (“door”)
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闔 • (hap) · 闔 • (hap) (hangeul 합, revised hap, McCune–Reischauer hap, Yale hap)
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to close; to shut • whole; entire; all
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Hán-Nôm : hạp
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闔
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| 闖
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – a horse (馬) rushing through a gate (門). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cam³ • Middle-Chinese : trhimH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong² • Cantonese · Jyutping : cong³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuàng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshuànn
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to peek ‖ to rush in; to burst in • to break through; to charge • to lead to (a negative outcome); to incur; to bring about • a surname: Chuang
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rush in, burst in
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闖 • (teum) · 闖 • (teum) (hangeul 틈, revised teum, McCune–Reischauer t'ŭm, Yale thum)
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闖
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| 闡
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin² • Cantonese · Jyutping : sin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshián • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshán • Middle-Chinese : tsyhenX
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clarify • kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit
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闡 • (cheon) · 闡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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Hán-Nôm : xiển • Hán-Nôm : xén • Hán-Nôm : sởn • Hán-Nôm : xển • Hán-Nôm : xèng • Hán-Nôm : siển • Hán-Nôm : xẻn • Hán-Nôm : xởn
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闡
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| 闢
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In the bronze script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 門 (“door”) + 𠬜 (“two hands pushing open the door”) – to open. \ Since the seal script, now a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beɡ) : semantic 門 + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ). \ Compare 開.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pi̍t • Middle-Chinese : bjiek
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to open • to settle; to develop; to open up
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闢 • (byeok) · 闢 • (byeok) (hangeul 벽, revised byeok, McCune–Reischauer pyŏk, Yale pyek)
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Hán-Nôm : tịch
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闢
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| 阡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sn̥ʰiːn) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 千 (OC *sn̥ʰiːn).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Middle-Chinese : tshen
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(literary) footpath between fields going north to south
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(financial, archaic) thousand
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阡 • (cheon) · 阡 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
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canonical : 阡: Hán Việt readings: thiên 阡: Nôm readings: thiên
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chữ Hán form of thiên (“bank of a rice paddy”).
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阡
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| 阮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋon, *ŋonʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon). \ ; “ruan (musical instrument)” ‖ Contraction of 我儂／我侬 (góa-nâng, “we”). See 儂 (“person; pronoun suffix”) for more. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄨㄢˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ńg • Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uínn • Middle-Chinese : ngjwonX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : guán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gún ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Middle-Chinese : ngjwon
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a surname: Ruan, Yuen, Nguyễn • (historical) state of Ruan (a small state during the Shang Dynasty) • ruan (a Chinese long-necked fretted round-bodied plucked lute) ‖ (Southern Min, exclusive) we; our • (Hokkien) I; my ‖ The name of a mountain. • Alternative form of 原 (yuán), only used in 五阮關／五阮关.
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阮 • (wan, won) · 阮 • (wan, won) (hangeul 완, 원, revised wan, won, McCune–Reischauer wan, wŏn, Yale wan, wen)
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canonical : 阮: Hán Việt readings: nguyễn 阮: Nôm readings: nguyễn
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Chữ Hán form of Nguyễn (“a surname from Chinese.”).
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阮
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| 阱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 阝 (“mound”) + phonetic 井 (OC *skeŋʔ, “well”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zing⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeng² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsínn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsénn • Middle-Chinese : dzjengX
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pitfall, trap
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阱 (eum 정 (jeong))
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阱
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| 陀
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ
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steep bank; rough terrain ‖ (literary) to collapse
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陀 (eum 타 (ta))
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canonical : 陀: Hán Việt readings: đà 陀: Nôm readings: đà • canonical : đã • canonical : đờ
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Nôm form of đã (“to finish, conclude”). • Nôm form of đờ (“sluggish”).
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陀
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| 陲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djol) : semantic 阜 (“soil mountain”) + phonetic 垂 (OC *djol)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seoi⁴ • Middle-Chinese : dzywe
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frontier; border
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陲 • (su) · 陲 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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陲
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| 隍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡʷaːŋ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 皇 (OC *ɡʷaːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : hwang
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dry moat • the tutelary deity of a Chinese village, town, or city
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dry moat
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隍 • (hwang) · 隍 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
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canonical : 隍: Hán Việt readings: hoàng 隍: Nôm readings: hoàng
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chữ Hán form of hoàng (“dry moat”).
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隍
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| 随
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‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ‖ 随(ずい) • (zui) ^†-nari ‖ 随(まにま) • (manima)
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follow, though, notwithstanding • while, during, according to • to obey, submit, comply, act as one is told to ‖ ‖ ‖ following, accompaniment, compliance
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随 • (su) · 随 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
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随
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| 隕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢunʔ) : semantic 𨸏 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢunʔ) : semantic 𨸏 + phonetic 員 (OC *ɢon, *ɢun).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ún • Middle-Chinese : hwinX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴
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to fall • (literary) to destroy • (literary) to lose • (obsolete) Alternative form of 殞／殒 (yǔn, “to die”) ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 員／员 (“surroundings”)
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‖ 隕(いん) • (in) ^(←ゐん (win)?)
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‖ fall; fall from the sky to the ground
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隕 (eumhun 떨어질 운 (tteoreojil un))
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hanja form of 운 (“fall”)
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Hán-Nôm : vẫn
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隕
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| 隴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roŋʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lung⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóng • Middle-Chinese : ljowngX
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(～山) Mount Long, a mountain in Gansu, China • (～縣) Long County (a county of Shaanxi, China) • Alternative name for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”). • Alternative form of 壟／垄 (lǒng, “mound; ridge; grave”) • (literary, obsolete) to flourish • a surname
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hill • mound
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隴 • (rong>nong) · 隴 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
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Hán-Nôm : luống • Hán-Nôm : lủng • Hán-Nôm : lũng • Hán-Nôm : lõng • Hán-Nôm : lúng
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隴
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| 隷
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subordinate, dependency
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隷
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| 隸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯːds) : phonetic 柰 (OC *naːds) + semantic 隶 (“arrest”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : dai⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Middle-Chinese : lejH
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(historical) A class of lowly persons or servants in ancient China. • to be subordinate • clerical script
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Alternative form of 隷.
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隸 (eumhun 종 례 (jong rye), word-initial (South Korea) 종 예 (jong ye))
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hanja form of 례/예 (“be subserviant to, servant”)
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Hán-Nôm : lệ
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隸
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| 雉
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-rik ~ *s-ryak (“pheasant, partridge”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007). \ *Inside Chinese, cognate with 翟 (OC *r'aːwɢ, *l'eːwɢ, “long-tailed pheasant”) and 雒 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ). \ *Outside Chinese, cognate with Burmese ရစ် (rac), Tibetan སྲེག་པ (sreg pa, “partridge”), Mizo va-hrit. & possibly Chepang [script needed] (rut-waʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǐ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tī • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thī • Middle-Chinese : drijX
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pheasant • crenellated wall • an ancient Chinese measuring unit of the area of walls equivalent to three chi in length by one chi in height
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‖ 雉(きじ) or 雉(キジ) • (kiji)
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green pheasant ‖ a green pheasant
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雉 (eum 치 (chi))
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Hán-Nôm : trĩ
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雉
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| 雋
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 弓 (“bow”). \ A bow is aiming at a bird upward. ‖ Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 隹 (“bird”) + 弓 (“bow”). \ A bow is aiming at a bird upward.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cyun⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Middle-Chinese : dzjwenX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ
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(obsolete, especially of bird meat) plump; fatty; rich; delicious • (literary) meaningful; thought-provoking • a surname ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 俊 (jùn, “one who is superior in talent; superior in talent”)
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excel
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雋 • (jun) · 雋 • (jun) (hangeul 준, revised jun, McCune–Reischauer chun, Yale cwun)
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Hán-Nôm : tuấn
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雋
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| 雍
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Variant form of 雝. It's likely that the phonetic component 邕 (OC *qoŋ) corrupted into 玄 at some point since their shapes looked similar in pre-Qin scripts.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : 'jowng • Middle-Chinese : 'jowngH
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(literary) harmony; peace • (literary) harmonious • Alternative form of 壅 (“to obstruct”) • Alternative form of 擁／拥 (yōng, “to hold”) • Alternative form of 饔 (yōng, “cooked food”) • a surname
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softening • mitigation
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雍 • (ong) · 雍 • (ong) (hangeul 옹, revised ong, McCune–Reischauer ong, Yale ong)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ủng • Hán-Nôm : úng • Hán-Nôm : ung
|
|
雍
|
| 雛
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zro) : phonetic 芻 (OC *sʰro) + semantic 隹 (“bird”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : co¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sû • Middle-Chinese : dzrju
|
chick; fledgling • infant; toddler • young; small • Used in 鵷雛／鹓雏.
|
‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina) ‖ 雛(ひな) • (hina-) ‖ 雛(ひいな) • (hīna) ^(←ひひな (fifina)?) ‖ 雛(ひよこ) • (hiyoko) ‖ 雛(ひよっこ) • (hiyokko) ‖ 雛(すう) • (sū)
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‖ a type of small doll, typically standing upright in the Heian period, changing style to a seated posture in the Muromachi period • short for 雛祭り (Hina matsuri) • a chick, a young bird: see the reading hiyoko below ‖ diminutive prefix, carrying favorable connotations such as a sense of cuteness ‖ (archaic) doll ‖ chick, young bird • child; youngling, greenhorn ‖ a chick, a young bird • a child; a youngling, a greenhorn ‖ young, new, a greenhorn
|
雛 (eum 추 (chu))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : sồ
|
|
雛
|
| 雞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keː) : phonetic 奚 (OC *ɡeː) + semantic 隹 (“short-tailed bird”). \ Onomatopoeic (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Proto-Vietic *r-kaa (> Vietnamese gà), Proto-Tai *kajᴮ (“chicken”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *Kəi. \ * (to fire): From 無情雞／无情鸡 (mou⁴ cing⁴ gai¹, “pink slip”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kue • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ke • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kere • Middle-Chinese : kej
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chicken; fowl (Classifier: 隻／只 m c) • 10th of the Chinese zodiac animals (rooster) • (slang) female prostitute • (slang) penis • (Cantonese, Huicheng dialect) whistle • (Cantonese, Huicheng dialect, Hokkien) trigger (of a gun) • (Cantonese) weak; useless • (Cantonese, non-productive) Suffix for adjectives describing a weak or useless person. • (Cantonese) to fire; to sack • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 笄
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|
chicken (domesticated fowl) • bird
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雞 (eumhun 닭 계 (dak gye))
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hanja form of 계 (“chicken”)
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canonical : 雞: Nôm readings: gà 雞: Hán Nôm readings: kê
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chicken
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雞
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| 雯
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mɯn) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 文 (OC *mɯn). \ From 文 (OC *mɯn, “mark; design; pattern”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : man⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Middle-Chinese : mjun
|
multicoloured clouds
|
|
patter • rattle
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雯 • (mun) · 雯 • (mun) (hangeul 문, revised mun, McCune–Reischauer mun, Yale mun)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : văn
|
|
雯
|
| 霆
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 廷 (OC *l'eːŋ, *l'eːŋʔ)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ting⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thîng • Middle-Chinese : deng • Middle-Chinese : dengX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tân
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thunderclap; thunder • lightning ‖ (Southern Min) to make a sound; to ring
|
|
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霆 • (jeong) · 霆 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)
|
|
|
|
霆
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| 霏
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fei¹ • Middle-Chinese : phj+j
|
falling of snow and rain
|
|
haze • fall of snow
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霏 • (bi) · 霏 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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|
Hán-Nôm : phi • Hán-Nôm : phay
|
|
霏
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| 霑
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢ
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Alternative form of 沾 • (figurative) gratefulness of a lover
|
|
moisten, soak, water
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霑 • (jeom) · 霑 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : dìm • Hán-Nôm : triêm • Hán-Nôm : chiêm
|
|
霑
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| 霓
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngai⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nî • Middle-Chinese : ngej • Middle-Chinese : ngejH • Middle-Chinese : nget
|
secondary rainbow
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|
rainbow
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霓 (eumhun 무지개 예 (mujigae ye))
|
hanja form of 예 (“rainbow”)
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|
霓 (nghê, nghi, nghé, mống)
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霓
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| 霖
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|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîm • Middle-Chinese : lim
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(literary) long spell of rain; continuous rain
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|
Rain spell, long rain
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霖 • (rim>im) · 霖 • (rim>im) (hangeul 림>임, revised rim>im, McCune–Reischauer rim>im, Yale lim>im)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : lâm • Hán-Nôm : lấm • Hán-Nôm : rầm
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|
霖
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| 霪
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁴ • Middle-Chinese : yim
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(literary) long and persistent rain
|
|
rain lasting at least ten days
|
霪 • (eum) · 霪 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm, Yale um)
|
|
|
|
霪
|
| 霽
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsliːls) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zai³ • Middle-Chinese : tsejH
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(literary) to clear up after rain • to cease being angry • bright; sunny
|
|
|
霽 • (je) · 霽 • (je) (hangeul 제, revised je, McCune–Reischauer che, Yale cey)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tễ
|
|
霽
|
| 霾
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯː) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 貍 (OC *p·rɯ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄞˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mai⁴ • Middle-Chinese : meaj
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fog; haze • misty; foggy • dust storm
|
|
|
霾 • (mae) · 霾 • (mae) (hangeul 매, revised mae, McCune–Reischauer mae, Yale may)
|
|
|
|
霾
|
| 靂
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːɡ) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 歷 (OC *reːɡ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lia̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : li̍k • Middle-Chinese : lek
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Only used in 霹靂／霹雳 (pīlì).
|
|
thunder
|
靂 (eumhun 벼락 력 (byeorak ryeok), word-initial (South Korea) 벼락 역 (byeorak yeok))
|
hanja form of 력/역 (“thunder”)
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Hán-Nôm : rích
|
|
靂
|
| 靄
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːds, *qaːd) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 謁 (OC *qad)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : oi² • Middle-Chinese : 'ajH • Middle-Chinese : 'at
|
mist; haze
|
‖ 靄(もや) • (moya) ‖ 靄(あい) • (ai) ‖ 靄(あい) • (Ai)
|
‖ (meteorology, also figurative) mist ‖ mist, haze • mistiness, haziness ‖ a female given name
|
靄 • (ae) · 靄 • (ae) (hangeul 애, revised ae, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
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|
|
|
靄
|
| 静
|
|
|
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‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(せい) • (sei) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ‖ 静(じょう) • (jō) ^(←じやう (zyau)?)
|
calm, quiet, silent ‖ quiet • still, unmoving ‖ stillness ‖ still, fixed, unmoving ‖ (Buddhism) equanimity, upekkhā, a state untroubled by attachment or aversion
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|
|
|
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静
|
| 靛
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiānn
|
indigo (dye) • indigo (colour)
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|
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靛 • (jeon) · 靛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
|
|
靛
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| 靦
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‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : min⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bián ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tin²
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‖ Used in 靦腆／腼腆 (miǎntiǎn, “shy”).
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|
impudent • feel ashamed
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靦 • (jeon) · 靦 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
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|
|
|
靦
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| 靨
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qeb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 面 (“face”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iap • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep
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(literary) dimple (of the face)
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‖ 靨(えくぼ) • (ekubo) ^(←ゑくぼ (wekubo)?)
|
dimple ‖ a dimple (skin depression, especially at corners of the mouth)
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靨 • (yeop) · 靨 • (yeop) (hangeul 엽, revised yeop, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, Yale yep)
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Hán-Nôm : yếp • Hán-Nôm : diệp
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|
靨
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| 靼
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : daat³ • Middle-Chinese : tat • Middle-Chinese : tsyet
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|
|
tanned skin • tartars
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靼 (eum 달 (dal))
|
|
|
|
靼
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| 鞅
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng² • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng³ • Middle-Chinese : 'jangX
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martingale (leather strap around a horse's neck) • (alt. form 怏) dissatisfied; discontented
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|
|
鞅 • (ang) · 鞅 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
|
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鞅
|
| 鞏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *koŋʔ) : phonetic 巩 (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic 革.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gung² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khōng • Middle-Chinese : kjowngX
|
to fasten using a leather band • to secure; to consolidate • firm; secure • Alternative form of 栱 (gǒng, “post, pillar”) • Alternative form of 恐 (kǒng, “to fear”) • (～國) (historical) State of Gong (a small state during the Spring and Autumn period in modern-day Henan) • (～縣) (historical) Gong County (in modern-day Gongyi, Henan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Gong County, Sichuan) • (～州) (historical) Gong Prefecture (in modern-day Longxi County, Gansu) • a surname. Gong
|
|
|
鞏 (eum 공 (gong))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : củng
|
|
鞏
|
| 鞘
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ciu³ • Middle-Chinese : sjewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saau¹ • Middle-Chinese : sraew
|
scabbard; sheath • tube used to carry valuables ‖ thong
|
‖ 鞘(さや) • (saya)
|
‖ sheath • case • margin
|
鞘 • (cho) · 鞘 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
|
|
|
|
鞘
|
| 鞣
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nyuw • Middle-Chinese : nyuwH
|
to tan (of hides, leather, etc.)
|
|
|
鞣 • (yu) · 鞣 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
|
|
|
|
鞣
|
| 鞦
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thiu • Middle-Chinese : tshjuw
|
(in compounds or dialectal) swing (hanging seat)
|
‖ 鞦(しりがい) • (shirigai)
|
|
鞦 • (chu) · 鞦 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
|
|
|
|
鞦
|
| 韁
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄤ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : goeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiang • Middle-Chinese : kjang
|
bridle • reins
|
|
reins • halter • bridle
|
韁 • (gang) · 韁 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)
|
reins • bridle
|
Hán-Nôm : cương
|
|
韁
|
| 韃
|
For pronunciation and definitions of 韃 – see 撻 (“to flog; to chastise; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant form of 撻).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : taat³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : that
|
Used in 韃靼／鞑靼 (dádá). • General name for ethnic groups living in Northern China.
|
|
Tatars
|
韃 • (dal) · 韃 • (dal) (hangeul 달, revised dal, McCune–Reischauer tal, Yale tal)
|
|
canonical : 韃: Hán Việt readings: thát
|
|
韃
|
| 韆
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshan • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khan • Middle-Chinese : tshjen
|
(in compounds) swing (hanging seat)
|
|
|
韆 • (cheon) · 韆 • (cheon) (hangeul 천, revised cheon, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏn, Yale chen)
|
|
|
|
韆
|
| 韋
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舛 + 囗 – footsteps around an enclosure. Possibly the original character for 圍 (OC *ɢʷɯl, *ɢʷɯls, “to surround”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uî • Middle-Chinese : hjw+j
|
(archaic) tanned leather • Original form of 圍／围 (wéi, “to surround”). • a surname
|
|
|
韋 (eum 위 (wi))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : vi
|
|
韋
|
| 韌
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯns) : semantic 韋 + phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jūn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lǔn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīn • Middle-Chinese : nyinH
|
strong; tough; robust; sturdy • (Cantonese) tough; hard to chew or cut
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
韌
|
| 韜
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tou¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tho • Middle-Chinese : thaw
|
(literary) sheath; scabbard; bow case • (figuratively) to hide; to conceal • art of war; military strategies
|
|
|
韜 (eum 도 (do))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thao
|
|
韜
|
| 韶
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄠˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siâu • Middle-Chinese : dzyew
|
(obsolete) name of a piece of music at the time of Emperor Shun • (literary) splendid; beautiful • (obsolete) to carry forward; to carry on • (obsolete) Nephelium chryseum (WP) • (～州) (historical) Shao (a former prefecture of Guangdong, China) • a surname
|
|
|
韶 (eumhun 풍류 이름 소 (pungnyu ireum so)) · 韶 (eumhun 아름다울 소 (areumdaul so))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : thiều
|
|
韶
|
| 頁
|
Pictogram (象形) : 首 + 卩 – head of a kneeling person, emphasising “head”. \ 頁 and 首 (OC *hljuʔ, *hljus) were originally the same pictographic character with the same meaning of “head”, and the graphical difference was that 頁 also included the body in addition to the head of the person. \ 頁 was later used as an alternative popular form of 葉 (“leaf; page”) to mean “sheet; page (of paper)”, which is its main meaning today. \ The original sense of “head” is preserved in the radical 頁, which is used in characters such as 頭 (“head”) and 頸 (“neck”). \ Alternative form of 葉／叶 (“leaf; sheet (of paper)”). ‖ Original meaning of this character.
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : jip⁶ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄝˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ia̍h ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hia̍t • Middle-Chinese : het
|
sheet (of paper) • page • (computing) page • Classifier for pages. • (Mainland China Hokkien) to flip through (a book, document, etc.) • a surname: Ye ‖ head
|
‖
|
big shell • page • leaf ‖
|
頁 (eumhun 머리 혈 (meori hyeol)) · 頁 (eumhun 책 면 엽 (chaek myeon yeop))
|
hanja form of 엽 (“page”)
|
Hán-Nôm : hiệt • Hán-Nôm : hệt
|
|
頁
|
| 頡
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kriːd, *ɡiːd) : phonetic 吉 (OC *klid) + semantic 頁 (“head”). ‖ ‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄝˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Middle-Chinese : het ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaat³ • Middle-Chinese : keat ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : git³
|
to fly up • to straighten the neck • a surname ‖ to embezzle; to rob • Used in 頡羹／颉羹. ‖ Alternative form of 桔, only used in 頡皋／颉皋.
|
|
|
頡 • (hil, gal) · 頡 • (hil, gal) (hangeul 힐, 갈, revised hil, gal, McCune–Reischauer hil, kal, Yale hil, kal)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : gật • Hán-Nôm : hiệt • Hán-Nôm : hệt
|
|
頡
|
| 頤
|
May have originally been written 𦣞, a pictogram (象形) of a chin, in which case the modern form is an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯ) : phonetic 𦣞 (, “chin”) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi
|
(literary) chin; jaw; cheek • (literary) to nourish; to maintain one's health • 27th hexagram of the I Ching • a surname
|
|
chin • jaw
|
頤 (eum 이 (i))
|
cheeks • jaw • chin • rear • to nourish
|
Hán-Nôm : di
|
|
頤
|
| 頰
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keːb) : phonetic 夾 (OC *kreːb) + semantic 頁 (“head”) – part of the head.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiap • Middle-Chinese : kep
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(anatomy) cheek
|
|
cheeks • jaw
|
頰 (eum 협 (hyeop))
|
cheeks • jaw • amenity
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Hán-Nôm : giáp
|
|
頰
|
| 頷
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ) : phonetic 含 (OC *ɡɯːm) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gam (“jaw; chin; molar”) (STEDT). \ Bodman (1980) considers it to be the endoactive of 含 (OC *ɡɯːm, “to hold in the mouth”), literally “the thing that holds something in the mouth”.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ham⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ǎm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎm • Middle-Chinese : hom • Middle-Chinese : homX
|
chin; jowl • to nod • (Southern Min) neck • a surname
|
|
the chin; the lower jaw (あご) • to nod (うなずく)
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頷 • (am) · 頷 • (am) (hangeul 암)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hạm • Hán-Nôm : ham • Hán-Nôm : hàm • Hán-Nôm : hợm
|
|
頷
|
| 頸
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *keŋʔ, *ɡeŋ) : phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ) + semantic 頁 (“body part”). \ Schuessler (2007) compares this to Tibetan སྐེ (ske, “neck”), Chepang केक् (kek, “neck”), कय्क् (kəyk, “neck, stem”), and suggests that this word is part of a larger word family based on a Sino-Tibetan root *ke (“concave”). These Tibeto-Burman comparanda are given under Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s/m-kej-k (“neck”) in STEDT. \ Wang (1982) relates this to 亢 (OC *kaːŋ, “neck”), but Schuessler (2007) finds this relationship unlikely. ‖ Usually considered to be the colloquial reading of etymology 1. Wang (2016) considers the semantic narrowing from “neck” to “nape” in the limited context of 脖_子 to be implausible. ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄥˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kìng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Middle-Chinese : gjieng • Middle-Chinese : kjiengX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄥˇ ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kún
|
neck (Classifier: 條／条 c) • neck-like thing ‖ Used in colloquial words for the nape. ‖ Only used in 頷頸／颔颈 and its variants.
|
‖ 頸(くび) • (kubi)
|
‖ Alternative form of 首
|
頸 (eumhun 목 경 (mok gyeong))
|
hanja form of 경 (“neck”) [affix]
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Hán-Nôm : nghỉnh • Hán-Nôm : cảnh
|
|
頸
|
| 頹
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : teoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thuē • Middle-Chinese : dwoj
|
Alternative form of 禿／秃 (tū, “bald”) • to fall; to drop • to collapse; to disintegrate • to decline; to degenerate; to decay; to become dilapidated • dejected; depressed; down; listless • aged; old and feeble • (ideophonic) respectful and submissive • genitals of a male horse • (Cantonese) to be dispirited; to be depressed • a surname
|
|
|
頹 • (toe) · 頹 • (toe) (hangeul 퇴, revised toe, McCune–Reischauer t'oe, Yale thoy)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tồi
|
poor; bad; mediocre
|
頹
|
| 顆
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fo² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khó • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kher • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khò • Middle-Chinese : khwaX
|
Classifier for small round objects. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
|
‖ 顆(か) • (-ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?) ‖ 顆(か) • (ka) ^(←くゎ (kwa)?)
|
grain (e.g. rice) ‖ indicates small round things, such as gemstones, fruit, stones, tears ‖ a condyle
|
顆 (eum 과 (gwa))
|
grain, kernel
|
Hán-Nôm : khỏa • Hán-Nôm : khoả • Hán-Nôm : lõa • Hán-Nôm : loã • Hán-Nôm : khỏ • Hán-Nôm : khở • Hán-Nôm : khửa • Hán-Nôm : khủa • Hán-Nôm : khảu
|
|
顆
|
| 顏
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːn) : phonetic 彥 (OC *ŋrans) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ Bronze inscription forms: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːn) : phonetic 产 () + semantic 面 (“face”). \ Various possibilities exist: \ * Related to 額 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “forehead”) (Wang, 1982); \ * From 迓 (OC *ŋraːs, “to receive; to welcome”) + nominalising suffix *-n (Schuessler, 2007); \ * Related to Tibetan ངར (ngar, “front side”) (Schuessler, 2007). \ * From a root *ŋ(ˤ)rar (“slope, nearly vertical side”), whence also 涯 (OC *ŋˤrar, “river bank”), 巘 (OC *ŋ(r)ar(ʔ), “hill”), & 山 (OC *s-ŋrar, “mountain”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014). \ * Cognate with Japhug tɯrŋa (“face”), Khroskyabs rŋá (Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hiânn • Middle-Chinese : ngaen
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(literary, anatomy) forehead, especially the glabellar area • countenance; facial expression • color; hue • prestige; dignity • a surname
|
|
Kyūjitai form of 顔 (face; expression)
|
顏 • (an) · 顏 • (an) (hangeul 안, McCune–Reischauer an, Yale an)
|
face • facial appearance
|
Hán-Nôm : nhan
|
|
顏
|
| 顔
|
Variant form of 顏 (彥 → 彦).
|
|
|
‖ 顔(かお) • (kao) ^(←かほ (kafo)?) ‖ 顔(がん) • (gan)
|
face • expression ‖ a person's face • a person's reputation ‖ look; face; expression • color
|
顔 (eumhun 얼굴 안 (eolgul an))
|
hanja form of 안 (“face”)
|
Hán-Nôm : nhan • Hán-Nôm : nhăn
|
|
顔
|
| 顛
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak” ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tiːn, *tʰiːns) : phonetic 真 (OC *ʔljin) + semantic 頁 (“head”). \ ; “top; peak”
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : din¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄧㄢㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thian • Middle-Chinese : ten ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˊ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄧㄢˋ
|
top of the head; crown • top; peak; summit • to fall; to topple; to upset • inverted • to bump; to jerk; to jolt • Alternative form of 癲／癫 (diān, “to be crazy; to go mad”) • a surname ‖ Alternative form of 闐／阗 (tián, “full”) • Used in 顛顛／颠颠 (tiántián). ‖ Alternative form of 瑱 (“jade ornaments hung over the ears”)
|
‖
|
Extended shinjitai form of 顚 ‖
|
顛 • (jeon) · 顛 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
Alternative form of 顚
|
Hán-Nôm : điên • Hán-Nôm : đen
|
|
顛
|
| 顫
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjans) : phonetic 亶 (OC *taːnʔ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiàn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tsyenH
|
to shake; to vibrate; to tremble • to shiver; to tremble
|
|
|
顫 • (jeon) · 顫 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chiến • Hán-Nôm : chiên
|
|
顫
|
| 顰
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bjin
|
(literary) to frown; to knit one's brows
|
|
scowl, raised eyebrows
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顰 • (bin) · 顰 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
|
|
|
|
顰
|
| 顱
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·raː) : phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː) + semantic 頁 (“head”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Middle-Chinese : lu
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(anatomy) skull • (by extension) head • (anatomy) forehead
|
|
|
顱 • (ro>no) · 顱 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, revised ro>no, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)
|
|
|
|
顱
|
| 颯
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄚˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saap³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sap • Middle-Chinese : sop
|
(literary, onomatopoeia) sound of wind • valiant; grand • to decline; to wither • ^† suddenly
|
|
storm • gust • gale
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颯 • (sap) · 颯 • (sap) (hangeul 삽, revised sap, McCune–Reischauer sap, Yale sap)
|
|
|
|
颯
|
| 颱
|
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : toi⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄞˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thai
|
typhoon
|
|
typhoon
|
颱 • (tae) · 颱 • (tae) (hangeul 태, revised tae, McCune–Reischauer t'ae, Yale thay)
|
typhoon
|
|
|
颱
|
| 颳
|
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : gwaat³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuat • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuah
|
(of wind) to blow
|
|
|
颳 • (gwal) · 颳 • (gwal) (hangeul 괄)
|
|
|
|
颳
|
| 颶
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kū
|
typhoon; hurricane
|
|
|
颶 (eum 구 (gu))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : cụ
|
|
颶
|
| 颺
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iǎnn • Middle-Chinese : yang • Middle-Chinese : yangH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiûnn
|
(Hokkien) to flutter • (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to fan • (Xiamen, Quanzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) to wave away; to flick; to whisk • (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to brandish something out to someone then immediately put it away ‖ (Taiwanese Hokkien) to let the wind blow
|
|
soar • fly • float • scatter
|
颺 • (yang) · 颺 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
|
fly
|
|
|
颺
|
| 颼
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sau
|
sound of wind • to blow (as of wind)
|
|
|
颼 • (su) · 颼 • (su) (hangeul 수, revised su, McCune–Reischauer su, Yale swu)
|
|
|
|
颼
|
| 飄
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰew, *bew) : phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew) + semantic 風 (“wind”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiau • Middle-Chinese : bjiew • Middle-Chinese : phjiew
|
to drift • to flutter (in the wind) • (of snow) to fall • complacent
|
‖ 飄(ひょう) • (hyō) ^(←へう (feu)?)
|
‖ whirlwind • (of wind) fluttering • transcendence • Alternative spelling of 嫖 (hyō):
|
飄 • (pyo) · 飄 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : phiêu
|
|
飄
|
| 飧
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夕 (“night; evening; dusk”) + 食 (“food”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄣ • Cantonese · Jyutping : syun¹ • Middle-Chinese : swon
|
evening meal; supper; dinner • cooked food • to immerse cooked grain in water
|
|
|
飧 • (son) · 飧 • (son) (hangeul 손, revised son, McCune–Reischauer son, Yale son)
|
|
|
|
飧
|
| 飩
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄣˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tan¹ • Middle-Chinese : dwon
|
Only used in 餛飩／馄饨.
|
|
Japanese Noodles
|
飩 (eum 돈 (don))
|
|
canonical : 飩: Hán Việt readings: đồn
|
|
飩
|
| 飪
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯmʔ) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 壬 (OC *l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jam⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jan⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : līm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jīm • Middle-Chinese : nyimX
|
to cook thoroughly
|
|
|
飪 • (im) · 飪 • (im) (hangeul 임, revised im, McCune–Reischauer im, Yale im)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : nhẫm • Hán-Nôm : nhẩm
|
|
飪
|
| 飭
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰɯɡ) : phonetic 飤 (OC *ljɯɡs) + semantic 力 \ Causative devoicing of 力 (OC *rɯɡ, “rhək”). See there for etymology.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Middle-Chinese : trhik
|
(literary) to put in order; to readjust; to rectify • (literary) to order; to instruct • (literary) cautious; careful; prudent • (literary) Alternative form of 飾／饰 (shì, “to decorate; to adorn”)
|
|
|
飭 • (chik) · 飭 • (chik) (hangeul 칙, revised chik, McCune–Reischauer ch'ik, Yale chik)
|
|
canonical : 飭: Nôm readings: sức
|
strength
|
飭
|
| 飴
|
‖
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ji⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : î • Middle-Chinese : yi ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ
|
syrup or candy made from malt or rice • a kind of soft candy • (obsolete) sweet and delicious food • very sweet ‖ (obsolete) Alternative form of 飼／饲 (sì)
|
‖ 飴(あめ) or 飴(アメ) • (ame)
|
‖ candy
|
飴 • (i, si) · 飴 • (i, si) (hangeul 이, 시, revised i, si, McCune–Reischauer i, si, Yale i, si)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : di
|
|
飴
|
| 餃
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 飠 (“food, eat”) + phonetic 交 (OC *kreːw) – a kind of food. \ From 角 (jiǎo, “horn”), named for its horn-like shape (Norman, 1988).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiáu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : káu
|
stuffed dumpling • (Teochew) wonton
|
|
|
餃 • (gyo) · 餃 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : giáo • Hán-Nôm : giảo • Hán-Nôm : cảo
|
(only in compound há cảo and sủi cảo) dumpling
|
餃
|
| 餉
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hljaŋs) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 向 (OC *hljaŋs, *hlaŋs). \ Of Hmong-Mien origin. Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *hnrəaŋᴴ (Schuessler, 2003).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoeng² • Middle-Chinese : syangH
|
(literary) to entertain with food and beverage • rations and pay for soldiers and other officials
|
‖ 餉(かれいい) • (kareii) ^(←かれいひ (kareifi)?)
|
boiled rice • give, provide • food, diet ‖ Alternative spelling of 乾飯 (kareii): dried boiled rice
|
餉 • (hyang) · 餉 • (hyang) (hangeul 향, revised hyang, McCune–Reischauer hyang, Yale hyang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hướng
|
|
餉
|
| 餒
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːlʔ) : semantic 食 + phonetic 妥 (OC *n̥ʰoːlʔ).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄟˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : neoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : noi⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lué • Middle-Chinese : nwojX
|
hungry; starving; famished • discouraged; dispirited; disheartened • (literary, of fish) rotten; putrid
|
|
|
餒 • (noe) · 餒 • (noe) (hangeul 뇌, revised noe, McCune–Reischauer noe, Yale noy)
|
|
|
|
餒
|
| 餛
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : hwon
|
Only used in 餛飩／馄饨 (húntun).
|
|
|
餛 • (hon) · 餛 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon)
|
|
|
|
餛
|
| 餞
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zlenʔ, *zlens) : semantic 食 (“hand”) + phonetic 戔 (OC *zlaːn)
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zin⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsián • Middle-Chinese : dzjenX • Middle-Chinese : dzjenH
|
to give a farewell party; to see off; to send off • to preserve fruits in honey or syrup
|
‖ 餞(はなむけ) • (hanamuke) ‖ 餞(せん) • (sen) ‖
|
farewell gift ‖ an exchange of farewells • a farewell or parting gift ‖ a farewell or parting gift ‖ to see someone depart
|
餞 • (jeon) · 餞 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : tiễn
|
|
餞
|
| 餡
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːms) : semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms) – a kind of food.
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˋㄦ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ānn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hām
|
filling (for dumplings, buns, etc.) • (Cantonese, figurative, informal, humorous) baby in the womb; embryo; fetus
|
‖ 餡(あん) • (an)
|
bean jam ‖ bean jam
|
餡 • (ham) · 餡 • (ham) (hangeul 함, revised ham, McCune–Reischauer ham, Yale ham)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : hãm
|
|
餡
|
| 餵
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qrols) : semantic 食 + phonetic 畏 (OC *quls).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : wai³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uì • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uè
|
to feed (animal, person) • to raise; to keep (animal)
|
|
|
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ổi • Hán-Nôm : uy
|
|
餵
|
| 餽
|
For pronunciation and definitions of 餽 – see 饋 (“to send gift; to offer food to a superior; etc.”). \ (This character is a variant traditional form of 饋).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨㄟˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai⁶ • Middle-Chinese : gwijH
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to make an offering to the gods • a surname
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餽 • (gwe) · 餽 • (gwe) (hangeul 궤, revised gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwe, Yale kwey)
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canonical : 餽: Nôm readings: quẩy
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Nôm form of quẩy.
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餽
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| 餾
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ • Middle-Chinese : ljuw • Middle-Chinese : ljuwH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄡˋ
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‖
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steamed rice
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Hán-Nôm : lựu • Hán-Nôm : lưu
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餾
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| 餿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sau¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : suk¹
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(of food) to spoil and stink
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餿
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| 饅
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn) : semantic 食 + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bān • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bán • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bân • Middle-Chinese : man
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饅 • (man) · 饅 • (man) (hangeul 만, revised man, McCune–Reischauer man, Yale man)
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Hán-Nôm : man
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饅
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| 饑
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kɯl) : semantic 食 + phonetic 幾 (OC *kɯl, *kɯlʔ, *ɡɯl, *ɡɯls).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ki • Middle-Chinese : kj+j
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crop failure; famine; a year in which harvest is poor • Alternative form of 飢／饥 (“hunger”)
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饑 • (gi) · 饑 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)
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Hán-Nôm : cơ
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饑
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| 饒
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋjew, *ŋjaws) : semantic 食 (“food”) + phonetic 堯 (OC *ŋeːw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : jiâu • Middle-Chinese : nyew • Middle-Chinese : nyewH
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abundant; plentiful • to forgive; to have mercy on; to let off; to spare • (Mandarin, colloquial, often of the vendor) to give as a giveaway, or as an extra • (colloquial) even though; though; despite • a surname
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abundant
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饒 • (yo) · 饒 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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Hán-Nôm : nhiêu • Hán-Nôm : nhau • Hán-Nôm : nheo • Hán-Nôm : nhiều • Hán-Nôm : sèo • Hán-Nôm : xèo
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饒
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| 饜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qem, *qems) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 食 (“food”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ià • Middle-Chinese : 'jiem • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemH
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to be full (after eating); to be satiated • to be satisfied
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be satiated • eat one's full
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饜 • (yeom) · 饜 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
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be satiated • eat one's full
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Hán-Nôm : yếm
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饜
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| 饞
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrɯːm) : semantic 飠 (“to eat; food”) + phonetic 毚 (OC *zrɯːm, *zraːm). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : caam⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshâm • Middle-Chinese : dzream ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : sâi
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gluttonous; greedy • lewd; lecherous ‖ (Southern Min) gluttonous; ravenous
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gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecher
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饞 • (cham) · 饞 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
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gluttonous • greedy • lewd • lecherous
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canonical : 饞: Hán Việt readings: sàm 饞: Nôm readings: thèm • canonical : thiểm
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Nôm form of thèm (“to want; to crave”).
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饞
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| 馥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯɡ, *buɡ) : semantic 香 (“fragrance”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯɡ, *buɡ) : semantic 香 (“fragrance”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fuk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : bjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧˋ • Middle-Chinese : bik
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(literary) fragrance; scent; aroma • (literary) fragrant; aromatic ‖ (onomatopoeia) sound of an arrow striking
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馥 • (bok) · 馥 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)
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Hán-Nôm : phục • Hán-Nôm : phúc • Hán-Nôm : phốc • Hán-Nôm : phức
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馥
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| 馭
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From simplified from 𩣓 (漢語多功能字庫).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁶ • Middle-Chinese : ngjoH
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to drive a chariot or carriage • driver of a chariot or carriage • to control; to manage; to govern
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馭 (eum 어 (eo))
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Hán-Nôm : ngự • Hán-Nôm : ngựa • Hán-Nôm : ngừa • Hán-Nôm : lừa
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horse (large four-legged animal)
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馭
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| 馮
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *brɯŋ, *bɯŋ) : phonetic 仌 (OC *pŋrɯŋ, *ŋrɯŋ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hông • Middle-Chinese : bjuwng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pang⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bing
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a place near modern Luoyang • a surname ‖ to gallop • (alt. form 淜, 憑／凭) to wade; to cross a river on foot • full; great • to covet • to bully • to seize; to encroach on • to climb; to ascend • Alternative form of 憑／凭 (píng, “to lean on”)
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(proper name character)
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馮 • (pung) · 馮 • (pung) (hangeul 풍, revised pung, McCune–Reischauer p'ung, Yale phung)
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Hán-Nôm : Phùng
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a Vietnamese surname
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馮
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| 馱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːl, *daːds) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *daːl, *daːds) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 大 (OC *daːds, *daːds).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuâ • Middle-Chinese : da ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : do⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tuā • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tōo • Middle-Chinese : daH
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to carry on the back (especially by a pack animal) ‖ load carried by a pack animal
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馱 (eum 타 (ta))
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Hán-Nôm : đà • Hán-Nôm : thồ
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馱
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| 馳
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ci⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tî • Middle-Chinese : drje
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to speed; to gallop • to spread afar • (literary) to long for; to be eager for • (literary) to chase
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馳 • (chi) · 馳 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
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Hán-Nôm : trì
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馳
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| 馴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Middle-Chinese : zwin
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tame; docile: obedient • to tame • 77th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "compliance" (𝍒)
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get used to • experienced • tamed
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馴 • (sun, hun) · 馴 • (sun, hun) (hangeul 순, 훈, revised sun, hun, McCune–Reischauer sun, hun, Yale swun, hwun)
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Hán-Nôm : thuần • Hán-Nôm : tuần
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馴
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| 駁
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːwɢ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bruk (“piebald”) (Schuessler, 2007, STEDT); cognate with Burmese ပြောက် (prauk, “spotted, speckled”), Karbi pʰròk, Jingpho prúʔ, Mru preu (“of mixed colors”). Another Chinese cognate may be 斑 (OC *praːn). \ 豹 (OC *preːwɢs, “leopard”) is its exopassive derivative, literally meaning, "the spotted one".
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄛˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : bok³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : poh • Middle-Chinese : paewk
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(of a horse's fur) variegated • mixed; heterogenous; impure • to refute; to rebut • to transport by barge • barge; lighter • suddenly • (Cantonese) to connect • Alternative form of 駮／驳 (bó, “a mythical beast that can eat tigers”)
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variegated • mixed, heterogenous • refute, disprove
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駁 (eumhun 논박할 박 (nonbakhal bak))
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hanja form of 박 (“to refute; to rebut”)
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Hán-Nôm : bác
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駁
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| 駑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : nu
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駑 (eum 노 (no))
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Hán-Nôm : nô
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駑
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| 駕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːls) : phonetic 加 (OC *kraːl) + semantic 馬. \ The exopassive of 加 (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, “to impose a tax”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : gaa³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄚˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kà • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèe • Middle-Chinese : kaeH
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to harness; to yoke (an animal, e.g. to a cart) • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a ship); to fly (a plane) • to direct; to control; to harness • (historical) cart; carriage • (historical) emperor's carriage • (figurative) emperor (especially on a journey) • (Classical) distance a horse travels in a day • giddyup (interjection)
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‖ 駕(が) • (ga) ^(←が (ga)?)
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‖ vehicle; horse-drawn carriage
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駕 (eumhun 멍에 가 (meong'e ga))
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hanja form of 가 (“cart; carriage”)
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Hán-Nôm : giá
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駕
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| 駙
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hū • Middle-Chinese : bjuH
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extra horse • imperial son-in-law
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駙 (eum 부 (bu))
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side horse • close • fast
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Hán-Nôm : phò
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駙
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| 駛
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *srɯʔ, *srɯs) : semantic 馬 + phonetic 史 (OC *srɯʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sái • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Middle-Chinese : sriX • Middle-Chinese : sriH
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to run quickly; to dash; to scamper; to gallop • to drive (a vehicle); to sail (a vessel); to fly (an aircraft) • (Cantonese) Alternative form of 使 (sai2, “to need to; to need”) • (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) Alternative form of 使 (sái, “to fuck”)
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駛 • (sa) · 駛 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
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Hán-Nôm : sử
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駛
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| 駝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : to⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Middle-Chinese : da
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camel • to be humpbacked; to be hunchbacked • to carry on the back
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hump
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駝 (eumhun 낙타 타 (nakta ta))
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hanja form of 타 (“camel”)
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Hán-Nôm : đà
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駝
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| 駟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : si³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sù • Middle-Chinese : sijH
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a vehicle drawn by four horses • a horse • to drive; to ride • (archaic) Classifier for vehicles drawn by four horses. • (archaic) Classifier for horses. • a surname
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駟 (eum 사 (sa))
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Hán-Nôm : tứ
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駟
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| 駢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beːn) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiân • Middle-Chinese : ben
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two horses that are side-by-side • side-by-side; parallel; antithetical
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駢 • (byeon, byeong) · 駢 • (byeon, byeong) (hangeul 변, 병, revised byeon, byeong, McCune–Reischauer pyŏn, pyŏng, Yale pyen, pyeng)
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Hán-Nôm : bền • Hán-Nôm : biền
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駢
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| 駭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯːʔ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) \ ;"to hack"
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : haai⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁵ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hoi⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hǎi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hāi • Middle-Chinese : heajX
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terrify, frighten • (computing) to hack
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be surprised
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駭 • (hae) · 駭 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)
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terrify, frighten, scare • shock
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Hán-Nôm : hãi • Hán-Nôm : hãy
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駭
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| 駱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍h • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lo̍k • Middle-Chinese : lak
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(obsolete) white horse with black mane • (obsolete) Luoyue (Lạc Việt) • Used in 駱駝／骆驼 (luòtuo, “camel”). • a surname
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駱 • (rak>nak) · 駱 • (rak>nak) (hangeul 락>낙, revised rak>nak, McCune–Reischauer rak>nak, Yale lak>nak)
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Hán-Nôm : lạc
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駱
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| 駿
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeon³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsùn • Middle-Chinese : tswinH
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excellent horse; noble steed
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‖ 駿(しゅん) • (Shun)
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‖ a male given name
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駿 • (jun, sun) · 駿 • (jun, sun) (hangeul 준, 순, revised jun, sun, McCune–Reischauer chun, sun, Yale cwun, swun)
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Hán-Nôm : tuấn
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駿
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| 騁
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄥˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ping³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cing² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phìng • Middle-Chinese : trhjengX
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to gallop; to run • to give free rein to; to release from constraints • to put to use; to showcase
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騁 • (bing, jeong) · 騁 • (bing, jeong) (hangeul 빙, 정, revised bing, jeong, McCune–Reischauer ping, chŏng, Yale ping, ceng)
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Hán-Nôm : sính
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騁
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| 騖
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moɡs) : phonetic 敄 (OC *moʔ, *mos) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bū • Middle-Chinese : mjuH
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gallop • rush about • pursue • run
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騖 (eum 무 (mu))
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run • sprint
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Hán-Nôm : vụ
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騖
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| 騙
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰens) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 扁 (OC *pʰen, *benʔ, *peːnʔ, *beːnʔ) – to mount a horse by swinging a leg across it. \ ; to swindle; to deceive
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pin³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phiàn • Middle-Chinese : phjienH
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to deceive; to fool • to swindle; to cheat out of; to defraud • to mount (a horse) by swinging a leg across
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to deceive; to fool • to swindle; to cheat out of; to defraud
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騙 (eum 편 (pyeon))
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Hán-Nôm : biền • Hán-Nôm : biển • Hán-Nôm : phiến
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騙
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| 騫
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khian • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hian • Middle-Chinese : khjen
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騫 (eum 건 (geon))
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騫
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| 騾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roːl) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 累 (OC *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols). Written as 驘 in Shuowen.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lêr • Middle-Chinese : lwa
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mule (offspring of a donkey and a horse, sometimes specifically the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse) (Classifier: 匹 m; 頭／头 m; 隻／只 mn)
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騾 • (ra>na) · 騾 • (ra>na) (hangeul 라>나, revised ra>na, McCune–Reischauer ra>na, Yale la>na)
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Hán-Nôm : loa • Hán-Nôm : la
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騾
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| 驀
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːɡ) : phonetic 莫 (OC *maːɡ) + semantic 馬 (“horse”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mak⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maak⁶ • Middle-Chinese : maek
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suddenly; quickly; abruptly
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驀 (eum 맥 (maek))
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Hán-Nôm : mạch
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驀
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| 驃
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : bjiewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : piu³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : biu¹ • Middle-Chinese : bjiewH
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(literary) horse with a yellow coat and white spots ‖ (literary, of horses) swift • (literary) valiant • (historical) Pyu city-states
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驃 • (pyo) · 驃 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
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canonical : 驃: Hán Việt readings: phiếu • canonical : phiêu 驃: Nôm readings: phiêu
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chữ Hán form of phiêu (“a rapid or courageous steed”).
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驃
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| 驕
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krew) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew) \ Cognate with 喬 (OC *krew, *ɡrew, “tall; lofty”), 憍 (OC *krew, “to lift the head”), 撟 (OC *krewʔ, “to lift”), and 嶠 (OC *ɡrews, “peak”). Beyond these, 高 (OC *kaːw, “high; tall”) and 蹻 (OC *krewʔ, “martial; vigorous”) could be allofams (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : giu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiau • Middle-Chinese : kjew
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(likely obsolete) large horse • haughty; arrogant
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驕 (eum 교 (gyo))
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Hán-Nôm : kiêu
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驕
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| 驟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zrus) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 聚 (OC *zloʔ, *zlos). \ Related to 走 (OC *ʔsoːʔ, “to run”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄡˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zaau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zau⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsōo • Middle-Chinese : dzrjuwH
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to gallop; to run • sudden; abrupt • suddenly; abruptly • frequently; repeatedly • (of a horse) fast
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驟 (eumhun 달릴 취 (dallil chwi))
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canonical : 驟: Hán Việt readings: sậu 驟: Nôm readings: sậu
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驟
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| 驢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *b·ra) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 盧 (OC *b·raː).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄩˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lû • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lî • Middle-Chinese : ljo
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donkey; ass (Classifier: 頭／头 m; 條／条 m; 匹 m; 隻／只 c mn)
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驢 (eum 려 (ryeo), word-initial (South Korea) 여 (yeo))
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Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : lừa
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驢
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| 驥
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gei³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei³ • Middle-Chinese : kijH
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(literary) horse that can travel 1000 li in a day; fine steed • (figurative) proficient person; refined and virtuous person
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fast horse • talent
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驥 (eum 기 (gi))
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thoroughbred horse • refined and virtuous
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驥
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| 驪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːl, *rel) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːl, *rel) : semantic 馬 (“horse”) + phonetic 麗 (OC *reːls, *rel).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lje • Middle-Chinese : lej ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˊ
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(literary) pure black horse • (～山) Mount Li in Shaanxi province • (alt. form 孋／㛤) historical tribe in ancient China • a surname ‖ Only used in 驪靬／骊靬 (Chíqián).
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pair of horses • lustrous black horse
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驪 • (ryeo>yeo) · 驪 • (ryeo>yeo) (hangeul 려>여, revised ryeo>yeo, McCune–Reischauer ryŏ>yŏ, Yale lye>ye)
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A pure black horse • A pair of horses
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Hán-Nôm : li
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驪
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| 骯
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ong¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄤˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kong³ • Middle-Chinese : hangX • Middle-Chinese : khangX
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Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (āngzāng). ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng).
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骯 • (hang) · 骯 • (hang) (hangeul 항, revised hang, McCune–Reischauer hang, Yale hang)
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骯
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| 骰
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From 投 (MC duw, “to throw”). Often read semantically as 色 (MC srik).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄡˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄞˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : tau⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : sik¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiô • Middle-Chinese : duw
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die (polyhedron used in games of chance)
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骰 (eum 투 (tu))
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Hán-Nôm : đầu
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骰
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| 骷
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹
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骷 • (go) · 骷 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
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骷
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| 骼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːɡ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 各 (OC *klaːɡ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaak³ • Middle-Chinese : kaek
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bones • Used in 骨骼 (gǔgé, “skeleton”).
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骼 • (gyeok) · 骼 • (gyeok) (hangeul 격, revised gyeok, McCune–Reischauer kyŏk, Yale kyek)
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骼
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| 髏
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄡˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lau⁴ • Middle-Chinese : luw
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Only used in 髑髏／髑髅 (dúlóu, “skull”).
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skull
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髏 (eumhun 해골 루 (haegol ru), word-initial (South Korea) 해골 누 (haegol nu))
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hanja form of 루/누 (“skull”)
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canonical : 髏: Hán Việt readings: lâu
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髏
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| 髒
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 葬 (OC *ʔsaːŋs). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsaːŋʔ) : semantic 骨 (“bone”) + phonetic 葬 (OC *ʔsaːŋs).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zong¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsòng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄤˇ • Middle-Chinese : tsangX
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dirty; filthy; soiled; foul • to make dirty; to soil; to besmirch; to sully; to stain; to defile; to contaminate • (euphemistic) haunted; possessed by supernatural forces ‖ Only used in 骯髒／肮脏 (kǎngzǎng).
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髒 • (jang) · 髒 • (jang) (hangeul 장, revised jang, McCune–Reischauer chang, Yale cang)
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Hán-Nôm : táng • Hán-Nôm : tảng
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髒
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| 髦
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁴⁻¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo • Middle-Chinese : maw
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(literary) horse's mane • (literary) outstanding person • (literary) fangs of children • (literary, figurative) child
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髦 • (mo) · 髦 • (mo) (hangeul 모, revised mo, McCune–Reischauer mo, Yale mo)
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髦
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| 髭
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔse) : semantic 髟 + phonetic 此 (OC *sʰeʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zi¹
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moustache
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mustache
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髭 (eum 자 (ja))
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髭
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| 髯
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄖㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jim⁶ • Middle-Chinese : nyem • Middle-Chinese : nyemH
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whiskers; beard • person with a lot of beard
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sideburns, whiskers (cheek hair)
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髯 (eumhun 구레나룻 염 (gurenarut yeom))
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Alternative form of 髥 (“hanja form of 염 (“beard; mustache”)”)
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髯
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| 髻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kiːds) : semantic 髟 (“long hair”) + phonetic 吉 (OC *klid). \ From 結 (OC *kiːd, “to tie”) + exopassive nominal suffix *-s, literally “something tied” (Baxter and Sagart, 1997, 2014; Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Middle-Chinese : kejH
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hair worn in a bun or coil; topknot
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髻 • (gye) · 髻 • (gye) (hangeul 계, revised gye, McCune–Reischauer kye, Yale kyey)
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Hán-Nôm : kế
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髻
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| 鬃
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zuːŋ, *ʔsoːŋ, *zuːŋ) : semantic 髟 (“appearance of long hair”) + phonetic 宗 (OC *ʔsuːŋ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄗㄨㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zung¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsong • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsang • Middle-Chinese : dzowng • Middle-Chinese : dzraewng
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mane • (Southern Min) hair • (Teochew, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) hair worn in a bun or coil; bun
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鬃
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| 鬆
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sqʰloːŋs, *sqʰluːŋ, *skʰloŋ, *sqʰloŋ) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 松 (OC *sɢloŋ). ‖
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Cantonese · Jyutping : sung¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sang • Hokkien · Tai-lo : song • Middle-Chinese : sowng • Middle-Chinese : sjowng • Middle-Chinese : tshjowng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄨㄥˋ • Middle-Chinese : suwngH
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^† (of hair) disheveled; unkempt • loose (not fixed in place tightly) • loose; relaxed • to loosen; to relax • useless • dried minced meat • (Cantonese) to leave • (Cantonese) financially solvent • (Cantonese, after numbers) to exceed by a little; to be a little over • (Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 鬆章／松章. ‖ Only used in 𩭩鬆.
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鬆 • (song) · 鬆 • (song) (hangeul 송, revised song, McCune–Reischauer song, Yale song)
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Hán-Nôm : tông
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鬆
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| 鬍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː). \ From 胡 (OC *ɡaː, “wattle; dewlap of an animal”), i.e. “that which hangs down from the chin” (Wang, 1980). \ STEDT proposes that this word comes from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-wu (“beard”), but there are phonological problems with this reconstruction.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : wu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hôo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ôo
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beard; moustache; whiskers
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鬍 • (ho) · 鬍 • (ho) (hangeul 호, revised ho, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)
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Hán-Nôm : hồ • Hán-Nôm : râu
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鬍
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| 鬚
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *so) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 須 (OC *so, “beard”). \ Originally written 須, see there for more. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nwat ~ *s-nut (“mouth”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄩ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : su • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si • Middle-Chinese : sju
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beard; whisker (Classifier: 條／条 c) • antenna; feeler • whisker-like
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beard
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鬚 (eumhun 수염 수 (suyeom su))
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hanja form of 수 (“beard”)
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Hán-Nôm : tu • Hán-Nôm : tua
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鬚
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| 鬢
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pins) : semantic 髟 (“hair”) + phonetic 賓 (OC *mpin).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ban³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pìn • Middle-Chinese : pjinH
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hair on temples
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鬢 • (bin) · 鬢 • (bin) (hangeul 빈, revised bin, McCune–Reischauer pin, Yale pin)
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鬢
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| 鬥
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Characters in the same phonetic series (鬥) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Pictogram (象形) — two figures face-to-face, fighting with bare hands. Some oracle script characters of 鬥／斗 (dòu) show that both of their hair are bristled. The character shape resembles 𠨭 and 丮 opposite each other. \ 鬥／斗 (dòu) and 鬭／斗 (dòu) are original characters of this form; forms with the similar-looking radical 門 ("door") were non-standard variants. \ Simplified form 斗 was derived via the variant form 鬦. \ 鬥／斗 (dòu) is also one of the 324 simplified characters introduced by the Republic of China (Kuomintang government) in 1935 as the simplified form of 鬭／斗 (dòu). \ Conflation of two roots "to fight" and "to meet", and the merger has been attested since ancient times. \ ; "to fight" \ ; "to meet"
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄡˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tàu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tiò • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tòo • Middle-Chinese : tuwH
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to fight; to struggle • to make animals fight • to contend; to compete with • to strive one's best • (archaic) (of stars) to collide with each other • chaotic; disorderly, helter-skelter • to take the opportunity to ...; to do something while it's ... • to meet; to encounter; to face • to face; to confront; to front; to be opposite • to piece together; to fit together • (dialectal) to help; to assist • (dialectal) very, quite • (dialectal) to collude, to plot • fine tea; tea of the best quality • (dialectal) bird nest • Alternative form of 逗 (dòu, “to tease, to play with”) • Alternative form of 兜 (dōu, “to solicit (customers or business)”) • Alternative form of 陡 (dǒu, “suddenly, in a sudden”) • a surname
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to fight
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鬥 (eumhun 싸울 투 (ssaul tu))
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Alternative form of 鬪 (“hanja form of 투 (“fight”)”)
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Hán-Nôm : đấu • Hán-Nôm : dấu
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chữ Hán form of đấu (“fight”).
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鬥
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| 鬧
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In the current form, ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 鬥 (“to fight”) + 市 (“market; town”) – noisy.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : nāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lā • Middle-Chinese : nraewH
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to be noisy • to create a disturbance • (of disease, disaster, or other negative events) to occur • (Cantonese) to scold
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to be noisy • to create a disturbance • to disturb • lively; bustling
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鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) · 鬧 • (ryo>yo, nyo>yo) (hangeul 료>요, 뇨>요, revised ryo>yo, nyo>yo, McCune–Reischauer ryo>yo, nyo>yo, Yale lyo>yo, nyo>yo)
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Hán-Nôm : náo • Hán-Nôm : náu • Hán-Nôm : nháo • Hán-Nôm : nao • Hán-Nôm : nào
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鬧
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| 鬨
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs) : semantic 鬥 (“battle; fight”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄥˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hung³
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to fight; to combat • to cause a commotion or disturbance
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‖ 鬨(とき) • (toki)
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battle cry ‖ battle cry
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鬨 • (hong, hang) · 鬨 • (hong, hang) (hangeul 홍, 항, revised hong, hang, McCune–Reischauer hong, hang, Yale hong, hang)
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canonical : 鬨: Hán Việt readings: hống • canonical : hổng
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鬨
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| 魘
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qemʔ, *qeb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 鬼 (“devil”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : jim² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jip³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : 'jiemX • Middle-Chinese : 'jiep
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^⁜ a nightmare; bad dream • Used in 夢魘／梦魇 (mèngyǎn, “a nightmare; bad dream”).
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To have a nightmare • To make a noise during a nightmare
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魘 • (yeom) · 魘 • (yeom) (hangeul 염, revised yeom, McCune–Reischauer yŏm, Yale yem)
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Hán-Nôm : yểm
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魘
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| 魯
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‖ Possibly related to 鹵 (OC *raːʔ) since the area used to be a salt marsh region (Baxter apud Matisoff, 1995). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lóo • Middle-Chinese : luX ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : luh
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foolish; stupid; rash • vulgar ‖ (～國) (historical) Lu (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China in modern day Shandong) • Short for 山東／山东 (Shāndōng, “Shandong”). • Used in 魯肉飯／鲁肉饭. • a surname ‖ Used in 阿沙不魯／阿沙不鲁. • Used in 米魯／米鲁.
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foolish; stupid • (historical) Lu (state) (vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China) • (dated) short form for Russia (魯西亜) • a surname
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魯 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no))
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Hán-Nôm : lỗ • Hán-Nôm : lõ • Hán-Nôm : nhỗ • Hán-Nôm : sỗ
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魯
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| 魷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 尤 (OC *ɢʷɯ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iû
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Only used in 魷魚／鱿鱼 (yóuyú, “squid”); also used as its short form.
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Hán-Nôm : vưu • Hán-Nôm : vâu
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魷
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| 鮑
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Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) ‖ ‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : baau¹ • Middle-Chinese : baewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pau • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâu ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pǎu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Pau • Middle-Chinese : baewX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄠˋ
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(literary) salted fish ‖ abalone ‖ a surname ‖ (obsolete) Synonym of 鞄 (páo, “leather craftsman”)
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‖ 鮑(あわび) • (awabi) ^(←あはび (afabi)?)
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abalone ‖ abalone
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鮑 • (po) · 鮑 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o, Yale pho)
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Hán-Nôm : bảo • Hán-Nôm : bào
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鮑
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| 鮫
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄠ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kau • Middle-Chinese : kaew
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(literary, or in compounds) porbeagle shark (scaleless cartilaginous fish)
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‖ 鮫(さめ) or 鮫(サメ) • (same)
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shark ‖ a shark (fish)
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鮫 • (gyo) · 鮫 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)
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canonical : 鮫: Hán Việt readings: giao
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鮫
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| 鯉
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 里 (OC *rɯʔ). \ Schuessler (2007) considers connection to Proto-Tai *plaːᴬ (“fish”) to be unlikely. \ Norman (2014) compares it to Proto-Kam-Tai *mbləi (“carp”), suggesting that it may be an early loan from Chinese; compare Thai ปลาไน (nai, “common carp”), Lakkia [script needed] (-plai⁴, “carp”). \ See the entry 雙鯉魚 for the figurative senses.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lí • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lē • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lě • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tai • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tâi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tǎi • Middle-Chinese : liX
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carp, especially the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) • (literary, figuratively) letter; correspondence • (literary, figuratively) messenger
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‖ 鯉(こい) or 鯉(コイ) • (koi) ^(←こひ (kofi) or コヒ (kofi)?) ‖ 鯉(こい) • (Koi) ^(←こひ (kofi)?)
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‖ carp, specifically, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ‖ a surname
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鯉 • (ri>i) · 鯉 • (ri>i) (hangeul 리>이, revised ri>i, McCune–Reischauer ri>i, Yale li>i)
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|
Hán-Nôm : lí
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鯉
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| 鯊
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraːl) : phonetic 沙 (OC *sraːl, *sraːls) + semantic 魚 (“fish”). \ ; “shark”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄚ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saa¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sua • Middle-Chinese : srae
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^† a kind of small fish • shark
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‖ 鯊(はぜ) or 鯊(ハゼ) • (haze)
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‖ goby
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鯊 • (sa) · 鯊 • (sa) (hangeul 사)
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(uncommon) shark
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|
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鯊
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| 鯽
|
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zik¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsit • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsik • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsiak • Middle-Chinese : tsjek • Middle-Chinese : tsik
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Carassius auratus, crucian carp
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‖ 鯽(ふな) or 鯽(フナ) • (funa)
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‖ Alternative spelling of 鮒
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鯽 • (jeuk) · 鯽 • (jeuk) (hangeul 즉, revised jeuk, McCune–Reischauer chŭk, Yale cuk) ‖ 鯽 • (jeok) · 鯽 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)
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Carassius auratus, crucian carp ‖ certain kind of squid or cuttlefish
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|
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鯽
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| 鰍
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰɯw) : semantic 魚 + phonetic 秋 (OC *sʰɯw).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄡ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cau¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiu • Middle-Chinese : tshjuw
|
loach
|
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young Japanese amberjack; young yellowtail • bullhead
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鰍 • (chu) · 鰍 • (chu) (hangeul 추, revised chu, McCune–Reischauer ch'u, Yale chwu)
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|
|
|
鰍
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| 鰓
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙㄞ • Cantonese · Jyutping : soi¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshi • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sai • Middle-Chinese : soj ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : saai²
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fish gill ‖ Only used in 鰓鰓／鳃鳃.
|
|
|
‖
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gill ‖
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Hán-Nôm : tai
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gill
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鰓
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| 鰥
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From 寡 (OC *kʷraːʔ, “single; alone”) + *-n (“nominalizing suffix”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwean • Middle-Chinese : kweanH
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widower • widowed • (obsolete) yellowcheek (Elopichthys bambusa)
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|
widower
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鰥 • (hwan) · 鰥 • (hwan) (hangeul 환, revised hwan, McCune–Reischauer hwan, Yale hwan)
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|
|
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鰥
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| 鰭
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gjij
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(anatomy, ichthyology) fish fin
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‖ 鰭(ひれ) • (hire)
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fin ‖ fin (of a fish)
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鰭 (eum 기 (gi))
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|
Hán-Nôm : kì
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|
鰭
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| 鰱
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ren) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 連 (OC *ren).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lin⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liân • Middle-Chinese : ljen
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(～魚) any fish of the genus Hypophthalmichthys, especially the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
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‖ 鰱(たなご) or 鰱(タナゴ) • (tanago)
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silver carp • fish of genus Hypophthalmichthys ‖ a bitterling (a small fish of the carp family)
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鰱 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))
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salmon
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Hán-Nôm : liên
|
|
鰱
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| 鰻
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *moːn, *mons) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 曼 (OC *moːn, *mons) – a kind of fish.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄢˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mun⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : maan⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muâ • Middle-Chinese : man • Middle-Chinese : mjonH
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eel
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‖ 鰻(むなぎ) • (munagi) ‖ 鰻(うなぎ) or 鰻(ウナギ) • (unagi) ‖ 鰻(うな) • (una) ‖ 鰻(う) • (u)
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eel ‖ (archaic, possibly obsolete) an eel ‖ eel, especially the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above). ‖ (only in compounds) Synonym of うなぎ (see above).
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鰻 (eumhun 뱀장어 만 (baemjang'eo man))
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|
canonical : 鰻: Hán Việt readings: man 鰻: Nôm readings: man
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|
鰻
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| 鰾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bewʔ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 票 (OC *pʰew). \ Jacques (2020) reconstructs the Old Chinese as *N-pewʔ in the system of Baxter and Sagart (2014) based on Iu Mien mbiauhmbau (“swim bladder”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄅㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǒ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pio • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piāu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : piǎu • Middle-Chinese : bjiewX
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swim bladder; air bladder (of fish) • fish glue; isinglass • (dialectal) to glue with fish glue; (by extension) to gather; to bring together • (dialectal) to bet; to contend
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|
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鰾 • (pyo) · 鰾 • (pyo) (hangeul 표, revised pyo, McCune–Reischauer p'yo, Yale phyo)
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|
|
|
鰾
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| 鱔
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄢˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siān
|
eel; swamp eel • (Hong Kong Cantonese) resembling advertorial • (Hong Kong Cantonese, triad slang) four
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|
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鱔 (eum 선 (seon))
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|
Hán-Nôm : thiện • Hán-Nôm : lươn
|
|
鱔
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| 鱖
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *krods, *kod) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 厥 (OC *kod, *kud). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄟˋ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gwai³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuè • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kèr • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kè • Middle-Chinese : kjwejH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄝˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kyut³ • Middle-Chinese : kjwot
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mandarin fish; Chinese perch ‖ Only used in 鱖鯞／鳜𫚡 (juézhǒu).
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|
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鱖 • (gwol, gwe) · 鱖 • (gwol, gwe) (hangeul 궐, 궤, revised gwol, gwe, McCune–Reischauer kwŏl, kwe, Yale kwel, kwey)
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(쏘가리 궐) mandarin fish
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|
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鱖
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| 鱗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lân • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin
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scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaly • fish (and other scaly animals) • a surname
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‖ 鱗(うろこ) • (uroko) ‖ 鱗(いろこ) • (iroko) ‖ 鱗(うろくず) • (urokuzu) ^(←うろくづ (urokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(いろくず) • (irokuzu) ^(←いろくづ (irokudu)?) ‖ 鱗(こけ) • (koke) ‖ 鱗(こけら) • (kokera) ‖ 鱗(りん) • (-rin)
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scales • scaly ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • (typography) serif (on Chinese characters) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal • dandruff ‖ scale of a fish • fish ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) • scaled animal ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ scale (of a fish, reptile, etc) ‖ counter for scales of a fish • counter for fish
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|
scale (of fish or reptiles)
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Hán-Nôm : lân
|
|
鱗
|
| 鱷
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːɡ) : semantic 魚 (“fish”) + phonetic 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ). \ Within Chinese, Carr (1990) relates it to: \ * 咢 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “to beat the drum”), either because drumming was associated with dragons or because some drums were made of crocodilian skins (Schuessler, 2007). \ * Words for “fear”, e.g. 愕 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “startled; terrified”), 噩 (OC *ŋaːɡ, “frightening; startling”). \ Outside of Chinese, Carr (1990) also relates it to: \ * Proto-Tai *ŋwak (“mythical water creature”) (reconstruction from Chamberlain, 1977), which Pittayaporn (2009-2010), reconstructing the root as *ŋɯəkᴰ (“crocodile”), holds to be a loan from Chinese. \ * Proto-Austro-Tai *(m)baŋiwak (“shark; crocodile”), posited by Paul K. Benedict and proposed by him to give rise to the Tai word, as well as Japanese 鰐(わに) (wani, “crocodilian; shark”), 魚(うお) (uo, “fish”). \ Vovin (2021) notes that 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) "aquatic reptile, saltwater crocodile" was attested late, for the first time in Shuowen as 𧊜 (è); and that "it would be very weird if the word for a ‘saltwater crocodile’ from the middle of Huang-he (黃河) river basin that lies quite far away from both tropics and the sea would be borrowed by Tai languages in Southern China". Therefore, Vovin contends that, instead, 鱷 (OC *ŋâk ~ *ŋɑk) had been borrowed into Later Han Chinese from Tai.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : go̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kho̍k • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngo̍k • Middle-Chinese : ngak
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crocodilian; crocodile; alligator
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|
|
|
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Hán-Nôm : ngạc
|
|
鱷
|
| 鱸
|
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lou⁴ • Middle-Chinese : lu
|
bass; perch (fish)
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‖ 鱸(すずき) or 鱸(スズキ) • (suzuki) ‖ 鱸(すずき) • (Suzuki)
|
sea bass ‖ Japanese sea bass ‖ Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Akita, Akita. • Suzuki (neighborhoods in Japan): · A neighborhood of Niigata, Niigata. • a surname
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鱸 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no))
|
(농어 (nong'eo)) sea bass, sea perch
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Hán-Nôm : lư • Hán-Nôm : rô
|
|
鱸
|
| 鳩
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ku) : phonetic 九 (OC *kuʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-k(r)əw (“dove, pigeon”) (Benedict, 1974; Schuessler, 2007; STEDT). Compare Tibetan འང་གུ ('ang gu, “pigeon”), Proto-Loloish *m-krəw², Burmese ချိုး (hkyui:), Proto-Kuki-Chin *khruu. \ In some southern Chinese dialects, 鳩／鸠 is pronounced with aspirated initial /kʰ/ due to taboo considerations.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiu • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khiu • Middle-Chinese : kjuw
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pigeon; dove (family Columbidae) • (literary) to gather; to assemble • (Cantonese, Pingnan Min, vulgar) penis (sometimes especially erect) (Classifier: 轆／辘 c; 條／条 c) • (Cantonese, vulgar) fucking (intensifier) • (Cantonese, vulgar) Negates the meaning of the sentence. • (Cantonese, vulgar) stupid; dumb • (Cantonese, vulgar) recklessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unseriously • (Cantonese, vulgar) without aim or plan • (Cantonese, vulgar) thoughtlessly • (Cantonese, vulgar) unreasonably; lacking in reason
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‖ 鳩(はと) or 鳩(ハト) • (hato) ‖ 鳩(きゅう) • (kyū) ^(←きう (kiu)?)
|
‖ pigeon, dove (bird of genus Columba) ‖ pigeon, dove • (by extension) gather together (from the way that pigeons flock together)
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鳩 • (gu) · 鳩 • (gu) (hangeul 구, revised gu, McCune–Reischauer ku, Yale kwu)
|
pigeon, dove • collect, assemble
|
Hán-Nôm : cưu
|
|
鳩
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| 鳶
|
Possibly phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷen) : semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 戈 (OC *koːl). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzwan (“hawk; kite”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iân • Middle-Chinese : ywen
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hawk; kite, especially the black kite (Milvus migrans) • kite (aircraft)
|
|
kite
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|
|
Hán-Nôm : diên • Hán-Nôm : diều
|
|
鳶
|
| 鴆
|
Same word as 酖 (OC *l'ums, “to poison (v.); poison (n.)”) (e.g. in Zuozhuan, "Xi 30"https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E5%82%B3/%E5%83%96%E5%85%AC#%E5%82%B3_30), exopassive of 沈 (OC *l'um, “to put poison in liquid”) (e.g. in Rites of Zhou https://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=37265) (Schuessler, 2007). See 沈 & 沉 (chén) for further etymology.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄣˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zam⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thim • Middle-Chinese : drimH
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(Chinese mythology) the zhenniao (a hawk-like, snake-eating bird with poisonous feathers) • poisonous • to poison • poison
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|
|
鴆 (eum 짐 (jim))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : chũm • Hán-Nôm : trấm • Hán-Nôm : chậm
|
|
鴆
|
| 鴉
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraː) : phonetic 牙 (OC *ŋraː) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”). Doublet of 烏 (OC *qaː, “crow; raven”) . The Middle Chinese of 鴉 retains the earlier vowel. \ Schuessler (2007) disputes Old Chinese reconstructions with medial *-r-, reasoning that 鴉's place among Division II syllables (often from Old Chinese syllables containing *-r-) results rather from archaism which preserves the original vowel's quality.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : a • Middle-Chinese : 'ae
|
crow; raven
|
|
|
鴉 • (a) · 鴉 • (a) (hangeul 아) ‖ ‖ 鴉(からすぃ) (karasï)
|
‖ 鴉 \ • 鴉 \ ‖ Alternative form of 烏
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canonical : 鴉: Hán Việt readings: nha 鴉: Nôm readings: a • canonical : ác
|
chữ Hán form of nha (“crow, raven”). • Nôm form of ác (“crow, raven”).
|
鴉
|
| 鴕
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'aːl) : semantic 鳥 (“bird”) + phonetic 它 (OC *l̥ʰaːl).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄊㄨㄛˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tôo
|
ostrich
|
|
|
鴕 • (ta) · 鴕 • (ta) (hangeul 타, revised ta, McCune–Reischauer t'a, Yale tha)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : đà
|
|
鴕
|
| 鴛
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *quːn, *qon) : phonetic 夗 (OC *qonʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Starostin reconstructs Old Chinese *ʔʷar, which he compares to Tibetan སྐྱར་པོ (skyar po, “snipe; woodcock”); both are from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɣʷăr.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyun¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : uan • Middle-Chinese : 'jwon • Middle-Chinese : 'won
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male mandarin duck (when used in 鴛鴦／鸳鸯 (yuānyāng)) • Alternative form of 鵷／鹓 (yuān)
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|
|
鴛 • (won) · 鴛 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : uyên • Hán-Nôm : oan
|
|
鴛
|
| 鴣
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaː) : phonetic 古 (OC *kaːʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|
Cantonese · Jyutping : gu¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : koo • Middle-Chinese : ku
|
Used in names of birds.
|
|
|
鴣 • (go) · 鴣 • (go) (hangeul 고, revised go, McCune–Reischauer ko, Yale ko)
|
|
|
|
鴣
|
| 鴦
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qaːŋ, *qaŋ) : phonetic 央 (OC *qaŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
|
Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄤ • Cantonese · Jyutping : joeng¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iunn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ionn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iong • Middle-Chinese : 'jang • Middle-Chinese : 'ang
|
female mandarin duck
|
|
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鴦 • (ang) · 鴦 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang, Yale ang)
|
|
Hán-Nôm : ương
|
|
鴦
|
| 鴨
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qraːb) : phonetic 甲 (OC *kraːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Shuowen commented that 鴨 is the colloquial name for 鶩 (OC *moɡs, *moːɡ, “duck”). Probably onomatopoeic in origin. Compare Proto-Tani *ǰap (“duck”). \ Another word meaning "duck" in Old Chinese is 鴄 (OC *pʰid), a substrate loanword, possibly from Tai-Kadai or Austroasiatic. \ ; “male prostitute”
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄚ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ah • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ap • Middle-Chinese : 'aep
|
duck (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (slang) male prostitute (Classifier: 隻／只 c) • (Mainland China Mandarin, neologism, slang) Eye dialect spelling of 呀 (ya, “sentence-final particle”).
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‖ 鴨(かも) or 鴨(カモ) • (kamo) ‖ 鴨(かも) • (Kamo) ‖ 鴨(あひる) • (ahiru)
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‖ a duck • (slang) (from the way ducks return to the same place and are thus easy to hunt) a mark or easy target for a swindle, someone who is likely to lose at gambling or other competition • (slang) (from the good flavor of duck meat) short for 鴨の味 (kamo no aji, “duck flavor”): a very good flavor; by extension, any remarkably good sensation or feeling, particularly describing happy married life • (slang) (from the uniform of black clothing) short for 黒鴨 (kurogamo, “black duck”): a male servant, such as a butler or chauffeur (compare English penguin) ‖ a surname • any of various places, particularly in Kyoto ‖ (rare) alternative spelling of 家鴨: a domestic duck, Anas platyrhynchos var. domesticus, descended from the mallard
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鴨 (eumhun 오리 압 (ori ap))
|
|
Hán-Nôm : áp • Hán-Nôm : vịt
|
|
鴨
|
| 鴿
|
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kuːb) : phonetic 合 (OC *kuːb, *ɡuːb) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : gaap³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gap³ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄜ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kap • Middle-Chinese : kop
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pigeon; dove • (neologism, Internet slang, humorous) Short for 放鴿子／放鸽子 (fàng gēzi).
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Hán-Nôm : cáp
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鴿
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| 鵑
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩㄢ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gyun¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kuan • Middle-Chinese : kwen
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Only used in 杜鵑／杜鹃 (dùjuān, “cuckoo”); also used as its short form.
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鵑 (eum 견 (gyeon))
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Hán-Nôm : quyên
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鵑
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| 鵝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋaːl) : phonetic 我 (OC *ŋaːlʔ) + semantic 鳥. \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”); cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:). However, the final consonants of the proposed cognates are possibly irreconcilable; they could instead be independently coined through onomatopoeia (Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). \ Related to 雁 (OC *ŋraːns, “wild goose”); see there for more.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄜˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : gô • Hokkien · Tai-lo : giâ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ngôo • Middle-Chinese : nga
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domestic goose (as opposed to a wild goose – 雁 (yàn)) (Classifier: 隻／只 m c mn)
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Alternative form of 鵞: goose
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鵝 • (a) · 鵝 • (a) (hangeul 아)
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(거위 아, geowi-): domesticated goose that would not fly at all, in contrast with the wild goose (雁 (기러기 안, gireogi-an)) whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform. • (기러기 아, gireogi-): wild goose
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Hán-Nôm : nga • Hán-Nôm : ngỗng • Hán-Nôm : ngổng
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鵝
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| 鵠
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : huk⁶ • Middle-Chinese : howk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹
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(literary) swan • (literary) white • a surname ‖ bullseye (centre of a target)
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鵠 • (gok, hok) · 鵠 • (gok, hok) (hangeul 곡, 혹, revised gok, hok, McCune–Reischauer kok, hok, Yale kok, hok)
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(고니 곡, goni-): swan, genus Cygnus. • (과녁 곡, gwanyeok-): target.
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Hán-Nôm : hộc
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鵠
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| 鵡
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maʔ) : phonetic 武 (OC *maʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *măH (“a kind of bird (peacock, parrot)”); cognate with Tibetan རྨ་བྱ (rma bya, “peacock”); compare also Bodo (India) [script needed] (məyra, “peacock”) (Peiros & Starostin, 1996).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mou⁵ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bú • Middle-Chinese : mjuX
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Only used in 鸚鵡／鹦鹉 (yīngwǔ).
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cockatoo
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鵡 (eumhun 앵무새 무 (aengmusae mu))
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hanja form of 무 (“parrot”)
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Hán-Nôm : vũ • Hán-Nôm : thịnh
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鵡
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| 鵪
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoːm) : phonetic 奄 (OC *qromʔ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : am¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : am • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ian • Middle-Chinese : 'om
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quail (originally refers to those without spots on feathers)
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Hán-Nôm : am
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鵪
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| 鵬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bɯːŋ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 朋 (OC *bɯːŋ, “phoenix”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”) \ This has been related to 風 (OC *plum, “wind”) (Schuessler, 2007) and also by Wang (1982) to 鳳 (OC *bums, “male fenghuang”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄥˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : paang⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pîng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phn̂g • Middle-Chinese : bong
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(Chinese mythology) peng (enormous bird)
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‖ 鵬(ほう) or 鵬(ぼう) • (hō or bō) ‖ 鵬(ほう) • (Hō)
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peng (fabled large bird) ‖ (Chinese mythology) peng: a fabled large bird thought to have wings measuring 3,000 li and can soar up to 90,000 li ‖ a male or female given name
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鵬 (eumhun 대붕 붕 (daebung bung))
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Hán-Nôm : bằng • Hán-Nôm : bành
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鵬
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| 鵲
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩㄝˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : coek³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zoek³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiok • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshiak • Middle-Chinese : tshjak
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magpie
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‖ 鵲(かささぎ) or 鵲(カササギ) • (kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(かささぎ) • (Kasasagi) ‖ 鵲(じゃく) • (jaku)
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‖ the Eurasian magpie, Pica pica ‖ (historical) an 鴻 (Ōtori)-class torpedo boat of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II • a surname ‖ Eurasian magpie
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鵲 • (jak) · 鵲 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak, Yale cak)
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Hán-Nôm : thước
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鵲
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| 鶉
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : seon⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceon¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sûn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsun • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thun • Middle-Chinese : dzywin
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quail (originally refers to those with spots on feathers)
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‖ 鶉(うずら) or 鶉(ウズラ) • (uzura) ^(←うづら (udura) or ウヅラ (udura)?)
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‖ a Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)
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鶉 • (sun, dan) · 鶉 • (sun, dan) (hangeul 순, 단, revised sun, dan, McCune–Reischauer sun, tan, Yale swun, tan)
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鶉
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| 鶯
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ang¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
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oriole
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‖ 鶯(うぐいす) or 鶯(ウグイス) • (uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu) or ウグヒス (ugufisu)?) ‖ 鶯(うぐいす) • (Uguisu) ^(←うぐひす (ugufisu)?)
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‖ Japanese bush warbler (Horornis diphone); Japanese nightingale • short for 鶯色 (uguisu iro): an olive-green color, as the rear of a bush warbler • short for 鶯声 (uguisu-goe): a description for a woman's beautiful voice • a metal skewer used in 香道 (kōdō) to fasten a paper wrapper • a bamboo skewer used in binding an obi or similar ‖ a surname
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Chinese oriole • bush warbler
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canonical : 鶯: Hán Việt readings: oanh 鶯: Nôm readings: oanh • canonical : anh
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chữ Hán form of oanh (“oriole”).
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鶯
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| 鷂
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew, *lews) : phonetic 䍃 () + semantic 鳥. ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lew, *lews) : phonetic 䍃 () + semantic 鳥.
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Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁶⁻² • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iō • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iāu • Middle-Chinese : yewH ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄠˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jiu⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iâu • Middle-Chinese : yew
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sparrow hawk • harrier • kite ‖ (obsolete) pheasant
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‖ 鷂(はいたか) or 鷂(ハイタカ) • (haitaka)
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‖ Eurasian sparrowhawk
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鷂 • (yo) · 鷂 • (yo) (hangeul 요, revised yo, McCune–Reischauer yo, Yale yo)
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鷂
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| 鷓
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄜˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ze³ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsià • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsèe • Middle-Chinese : tsyaeH
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Only used in 鷓鴣／鹧鸪 (zhègū).
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鷓 • (ja) · 鷓 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
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鷓
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| 鷗
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qoː) : phonetic 區 (OC *qoː, *kʰo) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄡ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : au • Hokkien · Tai-lo : oo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : o • Hokkien · Tai-lo : io • Middle-Chinese : 'uw
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seagull
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‖
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seagull ‖
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鷗 (eum 구 (gu))
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seagull
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Hán-Nôm : âu
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seagull
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鷗
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| 鷥
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *slɯ) : phonetic 絲 (OC *slɯ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄙ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : si
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Only used in 鷺鷥／鹭鸶 (lùsī).
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鷥
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| 鷹
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Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ) : phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT). \ This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'ing
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a bird of prey of Accipitriformes (eagles, hawks, kites, vultures), Falconiformes (falcons) or Strigiformes (owls)
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‖ 鷹(たか) or 鷹(タカ) • (taka)
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eagle • falcon • hawk ‖ a hawk (predatory bird)
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hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)
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鷹
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| 鷺
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raːɡs) : phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ Compare Khmer ក្រក (krɑɑk, “species of heron”), Thai ร้า (ráa, “species of heron”) (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lōo • Middle-Chinese : luH
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heron; egret
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‖ 鷺(さぎ) or 鷺(サギ) • (sagi)
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‖ heron, egret
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鷺 (eum 로 (ro), word-initial (South Korea) 노 (no))
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Hán-Nôm : lộ
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鷺
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| 鸚
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːŋ) : phonetic 嬰 (OC *qeŋ) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ɣrēŋ (“a kind of parrot”); cognate with Jingpho [script needed] (ukhriŋ¹, “small parrot”) (Peiros & Starostin, 1996).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ing • Middle-Chinese : 'eang
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parrot; parakeet
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parrot; parakeet
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鸚 (eumhun 앵무새 앵 (aengmusae aeng))
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hanja form of 앵 (“parrot”)
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Hán-Nôm : anh
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鸚
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| 鸞
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : lyun⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : luân • Middle-Chinese : lwan
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luan (mythical bird related to the fenghuang; sometimes translated as simurgh) • (alt. form 鑾／銮) the bells at horses' bits • imperial • a surname
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fabulous mythical bird • imperial
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鸞 • (ran>nan) · 鸞 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)
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Hán-Nôm : loan
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鸞
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| 鹹
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्हाम्सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄢˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiâm • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hâm • Middle-Chinese : heam
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salty; briny • (Southern Min) stingy; miserly • (Southern Min) rice topping; viand • (Cantonese, Teochew, attributive) Short for 鹹濕／咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”). • (Yangjiang Yue) salt
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salty
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鹹 (eumhun 짤 함 (jjal ham)) · 鹹 (eumhun 다 함 (da ham))
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hanja form of 함 (“salty”)
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Hán-Nôm : hàm
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鹹
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| 鹼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːmʔ, *skʰlam) : semantic 鹵 + phonetic 僉 (OC *skʰlam).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : gaan² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kiám • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kinn • Middle-Chinese : tshjem • Middle-Chinese : keamX
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sodium carbonate • (chemistry) (soluble) alkali • (chemistry, chiefly Mainland China) base (soluble or not) • (dialectal) soap
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(chemistry) base, alkali ‖
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Hán-Nôm : kiềm
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鹼
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| 麋
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Perhaps Sino-Tibetan. Compare Chepang [script needed] (maiʔ, “meat”), Bodo (India) [script needed] (bʏiʔ, “deer”), Liangmai Naga [script needed] (ka-mî, “meat”), Northern Naga *me:y "meat, flesh"; a single etymon for "meat" and "deer" is also found in Tibetan ཤ (sha, “meat”) and ཤྭ (shwa, “deer”) (Schuessler, 2007). If so, another semantic parallel is Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/ɡ-la (“flesh, meat, deer”), whence Tibetan གླ (gla, “musk deer”) but Newar [script needed] (la, “meat, animal”) and [script needed] (lā, “flesh, meat”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Middle-Chinese : mij
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moose, elk (Eurasia) • used as a surname
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‖
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麋 (eum 미 (mi))
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Hán-Nôm : mê • Hán-Nôm : mi
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麋
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| 麒
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kei⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kî • Middle-Chinese : gi
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Only used in 麒麟 (qílín).
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麒 (eumhun 기린 기 (girin gi))
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hanja form of 기 (“giraffe; qilin”)
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Hán-Nôm : kì • Hán-Nôm : kỳ
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麒
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| 麝
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢljaːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ) : semantic 鹿 + phonetic 射 (OC *ɢljaːɡs, *laːɡs, *ɢljaːɡ, *laːɡ). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s/ɡ-la (“flesh; meat; deer”) (STEDT; Gong Hwang-cherng, 2002; Schuessler, 2007). Compare Tibetan གླ (gla, “musk deer”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄜˋ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : siā • Middle-Chinese : zyaeH • Middle-Chinese : zyek
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musk deer • musk
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musk deer
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麝 (eumhun 사향노루 사 (sahyangnoru sa))
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hanja form of 사 (“musk deer”)
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Hán-Nôm : xạ
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musk deer 貅麝 (Hươu xạ) • musk 麝香 (Xạ Hương)
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麝
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| 麟
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rin) : semantic 鹿 (“deer”) + phonetic 粦 (OC *rins).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : leon⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîn • Middle-Chinese : lin
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Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. • Used in 麒麟 (qílín, “qilin (propitious mythological beast)”); also used as its short form. · ^‡ female of qilin • big deer • Alternative form of 鱗／鳞 (lín, “scale and shell”) • Used in 麟麟 (línlín, “bright”).
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麟 (eumhun 기린 린 (girin rin), word-initial (South Korea) 기린 인 (girin in))
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hanja form of 린/인 (“giraffe; qilin”)
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Hán-Nôm : lân
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麟
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| 麦
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‖ Corruption of 八 into a horizontal stroke.
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‖
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‖
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‖ 麦(むぎ) • (mugi)
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wheat • barley ‖ (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · wheat • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · barley • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · rye • (broadly speaking) dry-cultivated cereal grain · oats
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麦
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| 麩
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄈㄨ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fu¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hu • Middle-Chinese : phju
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(of wheat) bran • panned gold; gold dust
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‖ 麩(ふ) • (fu) ‖ 麩(ふすま) • (fusuma)
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‖ wheat bran • wheat gluten • foods made from wheat gluten, somewhat similar to bread ‖ wheat bran
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麩 • (bu) · 麩 • (bu) (hangeul 부, revised bu, McCune–Reischauer pu, Yale pu)
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Hán-Nôm : phu
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麩
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| 麴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰuɡ) : semantic 麥 + phonetic 匊 (OC *kluɡ). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khak • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kuk¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : guk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : Khiok • Middle-Chinese : khjuwk
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yeast; leaven (used to make wine) • (obsolete) wine; alcoholic beverage ‖ a surname
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‖
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yeast • leaven ‖
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麴 • (guk) · 麴 • (guk) (hangeul 국, revised guk, McCune–Reischauer kuk, Yale kwuk)
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yeast • leaven
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Hán-Nôm : khúc
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麴
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| 麼
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *maːlʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 幺 (“small, tiny”). \ From 物 (MC mjut, “thing”), from 什物 (MC dzyip mjut, “miscellaneous items”) > 什麼／什么 (shénme) (Norman, 1988; Zhang, 1982). ‖ From 無 (MC mju). ‖ ‖ ‖ Probably from 物 (MC mjut, “what”) (Zhang, 2001; Jiang, 2018).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄛ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄚ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ˙ㄇㄜ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : móo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : môo ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˊ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄛˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mo⁵ • Middle-Chinese : maX ‖
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A particle placed after the topic of a compound sentence, used to express tactfulness. • A suffix for forming pronouns or adverbs. ‖ Alternative form of 嗎／吗 (“final interrogative particle”) ‖ (dialectal Mandarin) what ‖ tiny; insignificant • a surname ‖ (Hakka) what
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麼 • (ma) · 麼 • (ma) (hangeul 마, revised ma, McCune–Reischauer ma, Yale ma)
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small • thin
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Hán-Nôm : ma
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麼
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| 麾
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄨㄟ • Cantonese · Jyutping : fai¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : xjwe
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a pennant, flag, banner • to signal to
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flag • (military) banner • signal • direct • lead • beckon
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麾 (eum 휘 (hwi))
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Hán-Nôm : huy
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麾
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| 黄
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‖ 黄(き) • (ki) -na (adnominal 黄(き)な (ki na), adverbial 黄(き)に (ki ni)) ‖ 黄(き) • (ki) ‖ 黄(こう) • (kō) ^(←くわう (kwau)?) ‖ 黄(おう) • (ō) ^(←わう (wau)?)
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yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow ‖ yellow
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黄 • (hwang) · 黄 • (hwang) (hangeul 황, revised hwang, McCune–Reischauer hwang, Yale hwang)
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variant of 黃 • yellow
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黄
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| 黍
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Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs Old Chinese *nhaʔ, comparing it to Tibetan ནས་ (nas, “barley”). STEDT provisionally reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nas (“highland barley”). \ However, Baxter and Sagart (2014) reconstruct Old Chinese *s-tʰaʔ based on aspirated affricate reflexes in certain Mandarin dialects, e.g. Hefei tʂʰu³, Yangzhou tsʰu³, as well as sound gloss evidence from Shuowen. This would make the comparison to Tibetan less plausible.
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄕㄨˇ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sué • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sé • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sú • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sír • Hokkien · Tai-lo : sí • Middle-Chinese : syoX
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proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) (especially glutinous varieties, but also generic) • (dialectal Eastern Min, Putian Min) sorghum • (Leizhou Min) corn; maize
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‖ 黍(きび) or 黍(キビ) • (kibi) ‖ 黍(きみ) • (kimi)
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‖ common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • Synonym of 蜀黍 (morokoshi): sorghum • Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize ‖ (obsolete) the common or proso millet, Panicum miliaceum • (obsolete) Synonym of 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi): corn, maize
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黍 • (seo) · 黍 • (seo) (hangeul 서, revised seo, McCune–Reischauer sŏ, Yale se)
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Hán-Nôm : thử
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黍
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| 黏
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nem) : semantic 黍 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄋㄧㄢˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : nim¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : liâm • Middle-Chinese : nrjem
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sticky; glutinous • to adhere; to stick
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黏 • (jeom) · 黏 • (jeom) (hangeul 점)
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Hán-Nôm : niêm
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黏
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| 黛
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯːɡs) : phonetic 代 (OC *l'ɯːɡs) + semantic 黑 (“black”)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄞˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : doi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tāi • Middle-Chinese : dojH
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(historical) a dark pigment used by women in ancient times to paint their eyebrows • black • women's eyebrows
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‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (mayuzumi) ‖ 黛(まゆずみ) • (Mayuzumi)
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‖ eyebrow pencil ‖ a surname
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黛 • (dae) · 黛 • (dae) (hangeul 대, revised dae, McCune–Reischauer tae, Yale tay)
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Hán-Nôm : đại
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黛
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| 黜
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l̥ʰud) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 出 (OC *kʰljuds, *kʰljud). \ From 出 (to come out) with a causative *-r- infix (Schuessler, 2007).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeot¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut³ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zyut⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : thut • Middle-Chinese : trhwit
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(literary) to dismiss; to demote; to downgrade • (literary) to discard; to reject • (literary) to abolish • (literary) to belittle and denounce • (Hokkien) to come loose; to come off • (Hokkien) to rub back and forth (to make something fall off) • (Mainland China Hokkien) to trample with one's feet, or to rub one's feet against each other
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黜 • (chul) · 黜 • (chul) (hangeul 출, revised chul, McCune–Reischauer ch'ul, Yale chwul)
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Hán-Nôm : truất • Hán-Nôm : trụt • Hán-Nôm : truột
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黜
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| 黝
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Middle-Chinese : 'jij • Middle-Chinese : 'jiwX
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bluish-black, greenish-black
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bluish black, black • dimly lit, dark, black
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黝 • (yu) · 黝 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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黝
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| 黠
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄒㄧㄚˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : waat⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : hat¹ • Cantonese · Jyutping : kit³ • Middle-Chinese : heat
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黠 • (hil) · 黠 • (hil) (hangeul 힐, revised hil, McCune–Reischauer hil, Yale hil)
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Hán-Nôm : hiệt
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黠
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| 黴
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mrɯl, *mɯːls) : phonetic 微 (OC *mɯl) + semantic 黑 (“black”).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄇㄟˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mei⁴ • Cantonese · Jyutping : mui⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : muî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : buê • Hokkien · Tai-lo : bî • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hui • Middle-Chinese : mij • Middle-Chinese : mwojH
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mold; mildew; must • (alt. form 霉) to become moldy • (of one's face) dirty; dingy; dark
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‖ 黴(かび) or 黴(カビ) • (kabi)
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mold ‖ mold
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黴 • (mi) · 黴 • (mi) (hangeul 미, revised mi, McCune–Reischauer mi, Yale mi)
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Hán-Nôm : mai • Hán-Nôm : mị
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黴
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| 黷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'oːɡ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 𧶠 (OC *luɡ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄉㄨˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : duk⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : to̍k • Middle-Chinese : duwk
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to tarnish; to defile; to blacken • to be rash about; to use indiscriminately • to corrupt • to covet
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黷 • (dok) · 黷 • (dok) (hangeul 독, revised dok, McCune–Reischauer tok, Yale tok)
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Hán-Nôm : độc
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黷
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| 鼇
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great sea turtle
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鼇 (eum 오 (o))
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Hán-Nôm : ngao
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鼇
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| 鼕
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鼕 (eum 동 (dong))
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Hán-Nôm : đông
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鼕
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| 鼙
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄧˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pei⁴ • Middle-Chinese : bej
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(literary) small military drum • (literary) small drum (in general)
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drum carried on horseback
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鼙 • (bi) · 鼙 • (bi) (hangeul 비, revised bi, McCune–Reischauer pi, Yale pi)
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drum carried on horseback
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Hán-Nôm : bề • Hán-Nôm : tì
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鼙
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| 鼬
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lɯwɢs) : semantic 鼠 (“rat”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄡˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau⁶ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jau² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : iū • Middle-Chinese : yuwH
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weasel • (by extension) mustelid
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weasel
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鼬 • (yu) · 鼬 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu, Yale yu)
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canonical : 鼬: Hán Việt readings: dứu
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鼬
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| 鼴
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄢˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jin² • Middle-Chinese : 'jonX
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animal from the family Talpidae
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‖
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‖
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鼴 • (eon) · 鼴 • (eon) (hangeul 언, revised eon, McCune–Reischauer ŏn, Yale en)
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mole (burrowing insectivore)
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Hán-Nôm : yển
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鼴
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| 鼾
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns) : semantic 鼻 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn). \ From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hal (“to snore”). Compare Tibetan ཧལ (hal, “to pant; to wheeze; to snort; to snore”). ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄏㄢ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huânn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : huann • Hokkien · Tai-lo : hônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn • Hokkien · Tai-lo : han • Middle-Chinese : xan • Middle-Chinese : hanH ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : kônn
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(literary or Southern Min) to snore • snore; snoring ‖ (Hokkien) the sound of snoring; to snore
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‖ 鼾(かん) • (kan) ‖ 鼾(いびき) • (ibiki) ‖ ‖ 鼾(くつち) • (kutsuchi)
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‖ snoring ‖ snoring, a snore ‖ to snore ‖ (archaic, rare) snoring • (archaic, rare) epilepsy
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鼾 • (han) · 鼾 • (han) (hangeul 한, McCune–Reischauer han, Yale han)
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Hán-Nôm : han
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鼾
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| 齋
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsriːl) : phonetic 齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls) + semantic 示 (“god; deity”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : zaai¹ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄓㄞ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tse • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsai • Middle-Chinese : tsreaj
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(historical) to show one's piety before offering sacrifices and other ceremonies in ancient times, by abstaining from meat and alcohol, bathing oneself and clearing one's mind of distracting thoughts • solemn; earnest • vegetarian diet (often adopted for religious reasons) • fasting • (Buddhism, Taoism) religious ceremony (Classifier: 堂 c) • (Cantonese) plain; dull; boring; dry • (Cantonese) purely; only; just • to give alms to monks • study (room); studio • house; shop; building • a surname
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齋 (eumhun 엄숙할 재 (eomsukhal jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 집 재 (jip jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 상복 재 (sangbok jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 재계할 재 (jaegyehal jae)) · 齋 (eumhun 공부방 재 (gongbubang jae))
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canonical : 齋: Hán Việt readings: trai • canonical : chay 齋: Nôm readings: chay • canonical : trai • canonical : chai • canonical : rai • canonical : chây • canonical : trơi
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chữ Hán form of trai (“to abstain; to fast”). • Nôm form of chay (“to abstain; to fast”).
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齋
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| 齟
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄐㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi² • Cantonese · Jyutping : zeoi⁶ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsoo • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsú • Middle-Chinese : dzrjoX
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irregular teeth • discord
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齟 (eum 저 (jeo))
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Hán-Nôm : thư • Hán-Nôm : trở
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齟
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| 齡
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Characters in the same phonetic series (令) (Zhengzhang, 2003) \ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *reːŋ) : semantic 齒 (“tooth”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs) – tooth being associated with age. Compare English long in the tooth (“old”) and don't look a gift horse in the mouth (“(to check teeth for age)”).
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Cantonese · Jyutping : ling⁴ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄧㄥˊ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : lîng • Middle-Chinese : leng
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age • length of time; duration • (biology) instar
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age
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齡 • (ryeong>yeong) · 齡 • (ryeong>yeong) (hangeul 령>영, revised ryeong>yeong, McCune–Reischauer ryŏng>yŏng, Yale lyeng>yeng)
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齡 (linh, lênh)
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齡
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| 齣
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 齒 (“tooth”) + phonetic 句 (OC *koː, *koːs, *kos, *ɡo).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨ • Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ceot¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tshut
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Classifier for plays and operas: act; stanza; time, occasion ⇒ all nouns using this classifier • (regional, by extension) Classifier for films or episodes of TV shows. • (Southern Min) drama; play; show (theatrical performance) • (Southern Min) trouble; hassle
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‖ 齣(こま) or 齣(コマ) • (koma) ‖ 齣(せき) • (seki) ‖ 齣(せつ) • (setsu)
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act, scene, as of a play or movie • frame, as of a comic • section, passage, paragraph ‖ (film, animation, manga) a frame of a comic or film • (film, theater) an act or scene of a play or movie • (music) a phrase or portion of a piece of music ‖ a section or paragraph of writing • (archaic) a chapter of a novel (particularly in the Edo period) • (Chinese theater) an act of a play ‖ same as seki above
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齣 • (cheok) · 齣 • (cheok) (hangeul 척, revised cheok, McCune–Reischauer ch'ŏk, Yale chek)
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Hán-Nôm : xuất
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齣
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| 齦
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‖ ‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄧㄣˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ngan⁴ • Middle-Chinese : ngj+n ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄎㄣˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : han² • Cantonese · Jyutping : hang² • Middle-Chinese : khonX ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄧㄢˇ • Middle-Chinese : kheanX
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gum (flesh around teeth) ‖ (literary) Alternative form of 啃 (“to gnaw; to nibble”) ‖ ^‡ sound of teeth
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‖
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gum (flesh around teeth) ‖
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齦 (eumhun 잇몸 은 (inmom eun)) ‖ 齦 (eumhun 물 간 (mul gan))
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hanja form of 은 (“gum”) ‖ hanja form of 간 (“to bite”)
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齦
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| 齪
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‖
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄔㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : cuk¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsa̍k • Middle-Chinese : tsrhaewk ‖ Hokkien · Tai-lo : tsak
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(obsolete) cautious; careful; meticulous • Used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò). ‖ (Hokkien) feeling stuffy and difficult to bear (due to being crowded, muggy, lacking in air circulation, etc.) • (Hokkien) vexed; annoyed; agitated (of one's mind) • (Hokkien) to disturb; to bother; to nag; to annoy (someone) • (Mainland China Hokkien) annoying; vexing (due to being complex) • (Teochew) to distract or disturb someone by being noisy
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grating the teeth
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齪 • (chak) · 齪 • (chak) (hangeul 착, revised chak, McCune–Reischauer ch'ak, Yale chak)
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narrow, small • dirty
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齪
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| 齬
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : jyu⁵ • Middle-Chinese : ngjo • Middle-Chinese : ngu • Middle-Chinese : ngjoX
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irregular teeth • discord
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irregular teeth
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齬 • (eo) · 齬 • (eo) (hangeul 어, revised eo, McCune–Reischauer ŏ, Yale e)
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canonical : 齬: Hán Việt readings: ngữ
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chữ Hán form of ngữ (“referring to misaligned teeth or disagreements, mostly used in the compound trở ngữ (齟齬)”).
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齬
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| 齲
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷaʔ) : semantic 齒 (“teeth”) + phonetic 禹 (OC *ɢʷaʔ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄑㄩˇ • Cantonese · Jyutping : geoi² • Hokkien · Tai-lo : khú • Middle-Chinese : khjuX
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(dentistry) decay; cavity
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decayed tooth • cavity
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齲 • (u) · 齲 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
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decayed tooth
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齲
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| 齷
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qroːɡ) : semantic 齒 (“teeth”) + phonetic 屋 (OC *qoːɡ)
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄨㄛˋ • Cantonese · Jyutping : ak¹ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ak • Hokkien · Tai-lo : ok • Middle-Chinese : 'aewk
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Only used in 齷齪／龌龊 (wòchuò). • (Hokkien) dirty
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grating the teeth • fretful
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齷 • (ak) · 齷 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak, Yale ak)
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narrow, small • dirty
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|
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齷
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| 龐
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ). ‖ Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *broːŋ) : semantic 广 (“house”) + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄆㄤˊ • Cantonese · Jyutping : pong⁴ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : phâng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : pâng • Middle-Chinese : baewng ‖ Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄌㄨㄥˊ
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huge; big • disorderly; messy • shape of the face; facial contours • a surname ‖ Used in 龐龐／庞庞 (lónglóng).
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disorderly • messy • huge • big
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龐 • (bang, nong) · 龐 • (bang, nong) (hangeul 방, 농, revised bang, nong, McCune–Reischauer pang, nong, Yale pang, nong)
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disorderly • huge, big • high
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canonical : 龐: Hán Việt readings: bàng
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chữ Hán form of bàng (“used in Chinese derived compounds to mean big, large, disorderly, messy or to refer to the face”). • chữ Hán form of Bàng (“referring to the Hồng Bàng dynasty and the associated surname”).
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龐
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| 龔
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Mandarin · bopomofo : ㄍㄨㄥ • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kíng • Hokkien · Tai-lo : kióng • Middle-Chinese : kjowng
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Alternative form of 供 (“to supply”) • Alternative form of 恭 (gōng, “to respect”) • to follow; to obey • a surname
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give • present • referential
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龔 • (gong) · 龔 • (gong) (hangeul 공, revised gong, McCune–Reischauer kong, Yale kong)
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polite, reverent • to supply • respect
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Hán-Nôm : cung
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龔
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