Language/Welsh/Grammar/Using-Prepositions

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Welsh → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Using Prepositions

Welcome to the lesson on using prepositions in Welsh! Prepositions are essential building blocks of any language, including Welsh. They help us describe relationships between different elements in a sentence, such as location, time, and direction. Understanding how to use these little words can significantly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Welsh.

In this lesson, we will explore the most common prepositions in Welsh, their meanings, and how to use them in sentences. We will provide plenty of examples to help solidify your understanding, and we will also include exercises to practice what you’ve learned. So, let’s dive in!

The Importance of Prepositions

Prepositions in Welsh, much like in English, serve to connect nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a sentence. They often indicate relationships of time, place, and direction. For instance, when you want to say where something is, when something happens, or how actions are performed, prepositions come into play.

In Welsh, prepositions can change meaning depending on their context, so it is crucial to learn both their individual meanings and how they function in sentences.

Common Welsh Prepositions

Let’s start by examining some of the most common Welsh prepositions. We'll discuss their meanings and give examples of how they are used in sentences.

Basic Prepositions

Here is a list of some basic prepositions in Welsh:

  • yn – in
  • ar – on
  • am – at/about
  • gyda – with
  • i – to
  • o – from
  • drwy – through
  • tan – under
  • dros – over
  • hefo – with (alternative form of gyda)

The following table summarizes these prepositions along with their pronunciations and meanings:

Welsh Pronunciation English
yn [ɪn] in
ar [ɑːr] on
am [am] at/about
gyda [ˈɡɪðə] with
i [i] to
o [o] from
drwy [ðruːɪ] through
tan [tan] under
dros [drɔs] over
hefo [ˈhɛvə] with

Using Prepositions in Sentences

Now that we have a list of prepositions, let’s see how they fit into sentences. Welsh prepositions often precede nouns or pronouns. Here are some examples to illustrate their use:

"yn" (in)

  • Mae'r ci yn y gardd. (The dog is in the garden.)
  • Mae'r llyfr yn fy mhyffro. (The book is in my backpack.)

"ar" (on)

  • Mae'r papur ar y bwrdd. (The paper is on the table.)
  • Mae'r llun ar y wal. (The picture is on the wall.)

"am" (at/about)

  • Rydym ni'n cyfarfod am bum o'r gloch. (We are meeting at five o'clock.)
  • Mae'r llyfr am hanes Cymru. (The book is about the history of Wales.)

"gyda" (with)

  • Mae hi'n gweithio gyda'i ffrindiau. (She works with her friends.)
  • Rydw i'n mynd i'r sinema gyda ti. (I am going to the cinema with you.)

"i" (to)

  • Rwy'n mynd i'r ysgol. (I am going to school.)
  • Mae'r llyfr yn mynd i'r siop. (The book is going to the shop.)

"o" (from)

  • Rwy'n dod o Gymru. (I come from Wales.)
  • Mae'r ffrindiau o'r ysgol. (The friends are from the school.)

"drwy" (through)

  • Rydw i'n cerdded drwy'r parc. (I am walking through the park.)
  • Mae'r dwr yn llifo drwy'r afon. (The water flows through the river.)

"tan" (under)

  • Mae'r gath tan y bwrdd. (The cat is under the table.)
  • Mae fy nghap tan y gwydr. (My cap is under the glass.)

"dros" (over)

  • Mae'r ci yn neidio dros y ffens. (The dog is jumping over the fence.)
  • Mae'r peth yn hedfan dros y dref. (The thing is flying over the town.)

"hefo" (with)

  • Mae'n mynd hefo'r plant. (He is going with the children.)
  • Mae hi'n gweithio hefo'i theulu. (She works with her family.)

Now that we've covered the basics of Welsh prepositions and seen them in action, let’s put your knowledge to the test with some exercises!

Exercises and Practice Scenarios

Here are 10 exercises for you to practice using Welsh prepositions. Each exercise will be followed by detailed solutions and explanations.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition (yn, ar, am, gyda, i, o, drwy, tan, dros, hefo).

1. Mae'r llyfr ________ fy mhyffro.

2. Rydw i'n mynd ________ y siop.

3. Mae'r gath ________ y bwrdd.

4. Mae hi'n gweithio ________ ei ffrindiau.

5. Mae'r dwr yn llifo ________'r afon.

Solutions:

1. yn

2. i

3. tan

4. gyda

5. drwy

Exercise 2: Translation Practice

Translate the following sentences into Welsh.

1. The dog is on the table.

2. We are meeting at six o'clock.

3. She is going to the cinema with her friends.

4. The cat is under the bed.

5. I come from England.

Solutions:

1. Mae'r ci ar y bwrdd.

2. Rydym yn cyfarfod am chwech o'r gloch.

3. Mae hi'n mynd i'r sinema gyda'i ffrindiau.

4. Mae'r gath tan y gwely.

5. Rwy'n dod o Loegr.

Exercise 3: Match the Prepositions

Match the Welsh prepositions to their English meanings.

1. yn a. on

2. ar b. in

3. i c. to

4. o d. from

5. gyda e. with

Solutions:

1. yn - b

2. ar - a

3. i - c

4. o - d

5. gyda - e

Exercise 4: Create Sentences

Using the given prepositions, create sentences in Welsh.

1. yn (in)

2. ar (on)

3. am (at/about)

4. gyda (with)

5. dros (over)

Solutions:

1. Mae'r ci yn y tŷ. (The dog is in the house.)

2. Mae'r llyfr ar y bwrdd. (The book is on the table.)

3. Rydym ni'n siarad am hanes. (We are talking about history.)

4. Mae hi'n mynd gyda'i theulu. (She is going with her family.)

5. Mae'r peth yn hedfan dros y dref. (The thing is flying over the town.)

Exercise 5: Error Correction

Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. Mae'r gath ar y bwrdd. (The cat is in the table.)

2. Rydw i'n mynd hefo y siop. (I am going to the shop with.)

3. Mae'r dwr yn llifo yn y afon. (The water flows over the river.)

4. Mae hi'n gweithio i ei ffrind. (She works with her friend.)

5. Rwy'n dod ar Cymru. (I come from Wales.)

Solutions:

1. Mae'r gath yn y bwrdd. (The cat is in the table.)

2. Rydw i'n mynd i'r siop hefo. (I am going to the shop with.)

3. Mae'r dwr yn llifo drwy'r afon. (The water flows through the river.)

4. Mae hi'n gweithio gyda'i ffrind. (She works with her friend.)

5. Rwy'n dod o Gymru. (I come from Wales.)

Exercise 6: Choose the Correct Preposition

Choose the correct preposition from the options given.

1. Mae'r ci ________ y gegin. (a) yn (b) ar

2. Rydw i'n mynd ________ y parc. (a) i (b) o

3. Mae'r llyfr ________ y bwrdd. (a) hefo (b) ar

4. Mae hi'n gweithio ________ ei ffrind. (a) gyda (b) dros

5. Rwy'n dod ________ America. (a) i (b) o

Solutions:

1. (a) yn

2. (a) i

3. (b) ar

4. (a) gyda

5. (b) o

Exercise 7: Sentence Transformation

Transform the following sentences by replacing the preposition with the appropriate one from the list.

1. Mae'r cat yn ar y bwrdd. (The cat is on the table.)

2. Rydw i'n mynd i hefo y siop. (I am going to the shop with.)

3. Mae'r llyfr yn o'r ysgol. (The book is from the school.)

4. Mae hi'n gweithio ar ei ffrind. (She works with her friend.)

5. Rwy'n dod yn Cymru. (I come from Wales.)

Solutions:

1. Mae'r cat ar y bwrdd. (The cat is on the table.)

2. Rydw i'n mynd i'r siop hefo. (I am going to the shop with.)

3. Mae'r llyfr o'r ysgol. (The book is from the school.)

4. Mae hi'n gweithio gyda'i ffrind. (She works with her friend.)

5. Rwy'n dod o Gymru. (I come from Wales.)

Exercise 8: Writing Practice

Write a short paragraph (3-5 sentences) about your daily routine using at least five prepositions.

Sample Response:

"Rwy'n codi yn gynnar yn y bore. Mae gen i frecwast ar y bwrdd. Rydw i'n mynd i'r gwaith gyda fy ffrind. Mae'r gwaith yn y dref. Rydw i'n dod adref yn ddiweddarach."

Exercise 9: Listening Exercise

Listen to a Welsh speaker and write down any prepositions you hear. After that, try to translate the sentences they were used in.

Note: This exercise would require an audio resource, which is not provided here, but can be done in a classroom setting or using a Welsh language audio resource.

Exercise 10: Group Discussion

In small groups, discuss your favorite places using Welsh prepositions. For example, "Mae'r parc yn y dref." (The park is in the town.) Share your sentences with the class.

Note: This exercise promotes speaking practice and is best done in a group setting.

Conclusion

Congratulations on completing this lesson on using prepositions in Welsh! You’ve learned about some of the most common prepositions, how they fit into sentences, and even practiced through various exercises. Remember, mastering prepositions is an essential step in developing your Welsh language skills. Keep practicing, and don’t hesitate to refer back to this lesson whenever you need a refresher.

Now, you’re one step closer to becoming fluent in Welsh! Well done!

Table of Contents - Welsh Course - 0 to A1


Greetings and Introductions


Pronouns and Verbs


Numbers and Time


Questions and Negation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Drink


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Welsh Traditions and Celebrations


Hobbies and Leisure


Present Continuous and Future


Travel and Transportation


Welsh Literature and History

Sources


Other Lessons




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