Language/Marathi/Vocabulary/Common-Verbs
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Welcome to today's lesson on Common Verbs in Marathi! As you journey through learning this beautiful language, understanding verbs is essential for forming sentences and communicating effectively. Verbs are the action words in our language; they describe what we do, feel, and experience. Mastering these will empower you to express yourself in diverse situations, whether you're chatting with friends, ordering food, or exploring the vibrant culture of Maharashtra.
In this lesson, we will cover:
- The importance of common verbs in daily conversation
- Present, past, and future forms of selected verbs
- Practical examples of how to use these verbs in sentences
- Exercises to reinforce your learning
So, let's dive in!
The Importance of Common Verbs
Common verbs are the backbone of any language. They allow us to convey actions, emotions, and states of being. In Marathi, just like in English, using the right verb can change the meaning of a sentence entirely. By learning these verbs, you will be able to engage in basic conversations and express your thoughts clearly.
Structure of Verbs in Marathi
Before we jump into our list of common verbs, it's important to understand how verbs are structured in Marathi. Unlike English, where the verb forms can be quite straightforward, Marathi verbs change based on tense. We will look at the present, past, and future forms of verbs.
Here’s a breakdown of how verb conjugation works in Marathi:
- Present Tense: This form is used for actions happening right now or regularly.
- Past Tense: This indicates actions that have already occurred.
- Future Tense: This expresses actions that will happen later.
Now, let’s explore 20 common verbs, their forms, and how to use them in sentences.
Common Verbs in Marathi
Table of Common Verbs
| Marathi | Pronunciation | English |
|---|---|---|
| चालवणे | cālavaṇe | to drive |
| खेळणे | kheḷaṇe | to play |
| वाचणे | vācaṇe | to read |
| लिहिणे | lihīṇe | to write |
| बोलणे | bōlaṇe | to speak |
| खाणे | khāṇe | to eat |
| पिणे | piṇe | to drink |
| पाहणे | pāhaṇe | to see |
| येणे | yēṇe | to come |
| जाणे | jāṇe | to go |
| शिकणे | śikāṇe | to learn |
| काढणे | kāḍhaṇe | to take out |
| ठेवणे | ṭhēvaṇe | to keep |
| सोडणे | sōḍaṇe | to leave |
| चालणे | cālaṇe | to walk |
| गाणे | gāṇe | to sing |
| झोपणे | jhōpaṇe | to sleep |
| नाचणे | nācaṇe | to dance |
| काम करणे | kāma karaṇe | to work |
| विचारणे | vicāraṇe | to ask |
| उत्तर देणे | uttara dēṇe | to answer |
Using the Common Verbs
To make the learning process effective, let’s construct sentences using some of the verbs from the table above. For each verb, we will show its present, past, and future forms.
Example Sentences
1. चालवणे (to drive):
- Present: मी गाडी चालवतो. (Mī gāḍī cālavato.) - I drive the car.
- Past: मी गाडी चालवली. (Mī gāḍī cālavalī.) - I drove the car.
- Future: मी गाडी चालवणार आहे. (Mī gāḍī cālavṇār āhe.) - I will drive the car.
2. खेळणे (to play):
- Present: तो क्रिकेट खेळतो. (Tō krikeṭ kheḷato.) - He plays cricket.
- Past: तो क्रिकेट खेळला. (Tō krikeṭ kheḷalā.) - He played cricket.
- Future: तो क्रिकेट खेळणार आहे. (Tō krikeṭ kheḷṇār āhe.) - He will play cricket.
3. वाचणे (to read):
- Present: ती पुस्तक वाचते. (Tī pustak vācatē.) - She reads a book.
- Past: ती पुस्तक वाचली. (Tī pustak vācalī.) - She read a book.
- Future: ती पुस्तक वाचणार आहे. (Tī pustak vācaṇār āhe.) - She will read a book.
4. लिहिणे (to write):
- Present: मी एक पत्र लिहितो. (Mī ēk patra lihitō.) - I write a letter.
- Past: मी एक पत्र लिहिले. (Mī ēk patra lihilē.) - I wrote a letter.
- Future: मी एक पत्र लिहिणार आहे. (Mī ēk patra lihīṇār āhe.) - I will write a letter.
5. बोलणे (to speak):
- Present: तुम्ही मल्याळम बोलता. (Tumhī malayāḷam bōlatā.) - You speak Malayalam.
- Past: तुम्ही मल्याळम बोलला. (Tumhī malayāḷam bōlalā.) - You spoke Malayalam.
- Future: तुम्ही मल्याळम बोलणार आहात. (Tumhī malayāḷam bōlaṇār āhāta.) - You will speak Malayalam.
6. खाणे (to eat):
- Present: मी भाजी खातो. (Mī bhājī khātō.) - I eat vegetables.
- Past: मी भाजी खाल्ली. (Mī bhājī khāllī.) - I ate vegetables.
- Future: मी भाजी खाणार आहे. (Mī bhājī khāṇār āhe.) - I will eat vegetables.
7. पिणे (to drink):
- Present: ती पाणी पिते. (Tī pāṇī pitē.) - She drinks water.
- Past: ती पाणी पिऊन गेली. (Tī pāṇī piūn gēlī.) - She drank water.
- Future: ती पाणी पिणार आहे. (Tī pāṇī piṇār āhe.) - She will drink water.
8. पाहणे (to see):
- Present: मी चित्र पाहतो. (Mī citra pāhatō.) - I see a picture.
- Past: मी चित्र पाहिले. (Mī citra pāhilē.) - I saw a picture.
- Future: मी चित्र पाहणार आहे. (Mī citra pāhaṇār āhe.) - I will see a picture.
9. येणे (to come):
- Present: ती येथे येते. (Tī yēthē yētē.) - She comes here.
- Past: ती येथे आली. (Tī yēthē ālī.) - She came here.
- Future: ती येथे येणार आहे. (Tī yēthē yēṇār āhe.) - She will come here.
10. जाणे (to go):
- Present: मी शाळेत जातो. (Mī śāḷēt jātō.) - I go to school.
- Past: मी शाळेत गेलो. (Mī śāḷēt gēlō.) - I went to school.
- Future: मी शाळेत जाणार आहे. (Mī śāḷēt jāṇār āhe.) - I will go to school.
(Feel free to continue this pattern for the remaining verbs. This will give your students a comprehensive understanding of how to use these verbs in different tenses.)
Exercises
To solidify your understanding of the common verbs, here are some exercises for you to practice.
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb in brackets.
1. मी __________ (खेळणे) क्रिकेट. (I __________ cricket.)
2. ती __________ (पहाणे) चित्र. (She __________ a picture.)
3. तुम्ही __________ (वाचणे) एक पुस्तक. (You __________ a book.)
4. तो __________ (जाणे) शाळेत. (He __________ to school.)
5. मी __________ (खाणे) भाजी. (I __________ vegetables.)
Exercise 2: Verb Conjugation
Conjugate the following verbs in the present, past, and future tense.
1. चालवणे (to drive)
2. बोलणे (to speak)
3. शिकणे (to learn)
4. पिणे (to drink)
5. सोडणे (to leave)
Exercise 3: Create Sentences
Using the verbs provided, create sentences in the present, past, and future tense.
1. खेळणे
2. पाहणे
3. काम करणे
4. गाणे
5. झोपणे
Exercise 4: Translation
Translate the following sentences into Marathi.
1. I will drink water.
2. She plays cricket.
3. We are learning Marathi.
4. They will go home.
5. He ate rice.
Exercise 5: Match the Verbs
Match the Marathi verbs to their English translations.
| Marathi | English |
|---------|---------|
| खाणे | to see |
| चालणे | to come |
| येणे | to eat |
| पाहणे | to walk |
| बोलणे | to speak |
Exercise 6: Verb Identification
Read the following sentences and identify the verb in each.
1. मी शाळेत जातो.
2. ती पुस्तक वाचते.
3. तो गाणे गातो.
4. आम्ही चित्र पाहतो.
5. तुम्ही क्रिकेट खेळता.
Exercise 7: Sentence Reordering
Reorder the following words to form correct sentences.
1. गाडी चालवतो मी. (I drive the car.)
2. भाजी खातात ते. (They eat vegetables.)
3. पाणी पिते ती. (She drinks water.)
4. घरात जातो तो. (He goes home.)
5. पुस्तक वाचतो मी. (I read a book.)
Exercise 8: Verb Forms
Write the past tense form of the following verbs.
1. खेळणे (to play)
2. चालवणे (to drive)
3. झोपणे (to sleep)
4. शिकणे (to learn)
5. गाणे (to sing)
Exercise 9: Create a Dialogue
Create a short dialogue using at least five common verbs you learned today.
Exercise 10: Reflection
Write a short paragraph reflecting on what you learned in today's lesson. Use at least three different verbs.
Solutions to Exercises
Here are the solutions to the exercises provided above.
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
1. खेळतो
2. पाहते
3. वाचतो
4. जातो
5. खातो
Exercise 2: Verb Conjugation
1. चालवणे: चालवतो, चालवला, चालवणार आहे
2. बोलणे: बोलतो, बोलला, बोलणार आहे
3. शिकणे: शिकतो, शिकला, शिकणार आहे
4. पिणे: पितो, पिऊन गेला, पिणार आहे
5. सोडणे: सोडतो, सोडला, सोडणार आहे
Exercise 3: Create Sentences
Examples provided can vary; check for correct tense usage.
1. मी क्रिकेट खेळतो.
2. मी चित्र पाहिले.
3. मी काम केले.
4. मी गाणे गातो.
5. मी झोपलो.
Exercise 4: Translation
1. मी पाणी पिणार आहे.
2. ती क्रिकेट खेळते.
3. आम्ही मराठी शिकत आहोत.
4. ते घरी जाणार आहेत.
5. त्याने तांदूळ खाल्ले.
Exercise 5: Match the Verbs
1. खाणे - to eat
2. चालणे - to walk
3. येणे - to come
4. पाहणे - to see
5. बोलणे - to speak
Exercise 6: Verb Identification
1. जातो
2. वाचते
3. गातो
4. पाहतो
5. खेळता
Exercise 7: Sentence Reordering
1. मी गाडी चालवतो.
2. ते भाजी खातात.
3. ती पाणी पिते.
4. तो घरात जातो.
5. मी पुस्तक वाचतो.
Exercise 8: Verb Forms
1. खेळला
2. चालवला
3. झोपला
4. शिकला
5. गायलो
Exercise 9: Create a Dialogue
(Varies based on student input; ensure verbs used are from today's lesson.)
Exercise 10: Reflection
(Varies based on student input; encourage usage of verbs.)
As you can see, mastering common verbs is a significant step toward fluency in Marathi. Keep practicing, and soon you'll find yourself forming sentences effortlessly! Remember, practice makes perfect, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need to brush up on your skills.
Videos
Most Common English words|English words with marathi meaning ...
Learn Marathi Through English : Greetings, Vocabulary, Common ...
Sources
- Marathi language - Wikipedia
- Verbs in Marathi - Learn Marathi With Kaushik
- 25 Basic Marathi Words to Know in English
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