Language/Neapolitan/Grammar/Past-Participle-in-Napolitan

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Past Participle in Napolitan


Neapolitan, the vibrant and melodic language spoken in the Campania region of Italy, has a rich and fascinating grammatical structure. In this article, we will delve deep into the past participle in Neapolitan, its formation, usage, and irregularities. By the end of this comprehensive guide, you'll have a solid understanding of this essential aspect of Neapolitan grammar.

I. Formation of the Past Participle in Neapolitan

In Neapolitan, the past participle is formed by modifying the infinitive form of the verb. Just like in Italian, Neapolitan verbs are categorized into three main conjugation groups, based on the endings of their infinitives: -à, -è, and -ì.

Verbs ending in -à

For verbs ending in -à, the past participle is formed by replacing the -à with -atə.

For example:

  • Parlà (to talk) -> Parlàtə (talked)
  • Mangià (to eat) -> Mangiàtə (eaten)

Verbs ending in -è

For verbs ending in -è, the past participle is formed by replacing the -è with -utə.

For example:

  • Tènè (to have) -> Tənutə (had)
  • Vòlè (to want) -> Vòlutə (wanted)

Verbs ending in -ì

For verbs ending in -ì, the past participle is formed by replacing the -ì with -itə.

For example:

  • Dìcì (to say) -> Dìcətə (said)
  • Venì (to come) -> Venùtə (come)

II. Usage of the Past Participle in Neapolitan

Past Tense with Auxiliary Verbs

In Neapolitan, the past participle is primarily used to form compound tenses. The auxiliary verbs "avè" (to have) or "èssə" (to be) are conjugated to agree with the subject, and the past participle remains unchanged.

Examples:

  • I' só avutə fàmə. (I was hungry.)
  • Nuje simmə statə a Napule. (We went to Naples.)

Passive Voice

The past participle is also used to form the passive voice. In this case, the verb "èssə" (to be) is conjugated to match the subject, and the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.

Examples:

  • La letterə è statə scrìttə. (The letter was written.)
  • L'omə è statə arrestatə. (The man was arrested.)

As an Adjective

The past participle can also function as an adjective, describing a noun. In this case, it must agree in gender and number with the noun it modifies.

Examples:

  • Na fèstə magnificàtə. (A magnificent party.)
  • Dduje libbrə leggətə. (Two read books.)

III. Irregular Past Participles in Neapolitan

Some verbs have irregular past participles that don't follow the standard conjugation rules. Here are a few examples of common irregular past participles:

  • Essə (to be) -> Statə (been)
  • Irə (to go) -> I'tə (gone)
  • Vedè (to see) -> Vistə (seen)



More Examples: Some Verbs in the Past Perfect in Napolitan

Verb : to love / amà

ENGLISH NAPOLITAN BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I have loved Io aggio amato Eu amei
You have loved Tu aje amato Você amou
He has loved Isso àve / ha amato Ele amou
We have loved Nuje avimme amato Nós amamos
You have loved Vuje avite amato Vocês amaram
They have loved Lloro àveno / hanno amato Eles amaram

Verb : to speak / parlà

ENGLISH NAPOLITAN BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I have spoken Io aggio parlato Eu falei
You have spoken Tu aje parlato Você falou
He has spoken Isso ha / ave parlato Ele falou
We have spoken Nuje avimmo parlato Nós falamos
You have spoken Vuje avite parlato Vocês falaram
They have spoken Lloro àveno / hanno parlato Eles falaram

Verb : to sleep / durmì

ENGLISH NAPOLITAN BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I have slept Io aggio durmuto Eu dormi
You have slept Tu aje durmuto Você dormiu
He has slept Isso ave / ha durmuto Ele dormiu
We have slept Nuje avimmo durmuto Nós dormimos
You have slept Vuje avite durmuto Vocês dormiram
They have slept Lloro àveno / hanno durmuto Eles dormiram

Verb : to open / arapì

ENGLISH NAPOLITAN BRAZILIAN

PORTUGUESE

I have opened Io aggio araputo Eu abri
You have opened Tu aje araputo Você abriu
He has opened Isso àve / ha araputo Ele abriu
We have opened Nuje avimme araputo Nós abrimos
You have opened Vuje avite araputo Vocês abriram
They have opened Lloro àveno / hanno araputo Eles abriram

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