Language/Bulgarian/Grammar/Adjectives
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Hi Bulgarian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will focus on adjectives in Bulgarian grammar. Adjectives are important for describing the attributes of the nouns they modify.
What are adjectives in Bulgarian?
Adjectives in Bulgarian are words that modify or describe nouns by giving additional information such as size, shape, color, and other qualities. Adjectives must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun they modify.
In Bulgarian, adjectives can be divided into two categories: qualitative and relative adjectives. Qualitative adjectives describe the characteristics of the noun they modify, while relative adjectives express a relationship between two nouns.
Placement of adjectives
In Bulgarian, adjectives usually come before the noun they modify. For example:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| голям дом | golyam dom | big house |
| червено ябълко | cherveno yabalko | red apple |
| студентски живот | studentski zhivot | student life |
However, if the adjective specifies a unique characteristic of the noun, it can come after the noun. For example:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| костюм черен | kostyum cheren | black suit (unique characteristic) |
| къща стара | kashta stara | old house (not unique characteristic) |
Declension of adjectives
Adjectives in Bulgarian change their form depending on the gender, number, and case of the noun they modify.
Gender
In Bulgarian, adjectives agree in gender with the noun they modify. There are three genders in Bulgarian: masculine, feminine, and neuter. For example:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| черен котарак | cheren kotarak | black male cat |
| черна котка | cherna kotka | black female cat |
| черно куче | cherno kuche | black dog (neuter) |
Number
In Bulgarian, adjectives agree in number with the noun they modify. There are two numbers in Bulgarian: singular and plural. For example:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| голям дом | golyam dom | big house |
| големи къщи | golemi kashti | big houses |
Case
In Bulgarian, adjectives also agree in case with the noun they modify. There are four cases in Bulgarian: nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. For example:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Красив мъж | krasiv mazh | handsome man |
| Красива жена | krasiva zhena | beautiful woman |
| Дадох на красивите цветя вода | dadoh na krasivite cvetya voda | I gave water to the beautiful flowers |
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
In Bulgarian, to form the comparative form of an adjective, you add - по- in front of the adjective. To form the superlative form of an adjective, you add - най- in front of the adjective. For example:
| Bulgarian | Pronunciation | English Translation |
|---|---|---|
| голям | golyam | big |
| по-голям | po-golyam | bigger (comparative) |
| най-голям | nay-golyam | biggest (superlative) |
Examples Dialogue
- Person 1: Днес е много горещо. (Today is very hot.)
- Person 2: Да, много е горещо. (Yes, it's very hot.)
- Person 1: Искам да купя голяма книга. (I want to buy a big book.)
- Person 2: За какво е книгата? (What is the book about?)
- Person 1: Тя е за историята на Polyglot Club. (It is about the history of Polyglot Club.)
➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎