Language/Esperanto/Grammar/Verbs

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Verbs in Esperanto


The verb in a sentence indicates what's happening.


For example, The man walks. What is the man doing? He is walking. The verb "walk" indicates what is the action of the sentence.


A verb has a distinct property. It indicates when something is happening (I walk, I walked, I will walk).


A verb that does not indicate when something happens is called the infinitive verb, and in English is preceded by "to" (to walk, to swim, to fly, to eat).


An infinitive verb in Esperanto always ends in i. When you remove the i, you have the stem of the verb, and using that stem you can later form all the tenses.


English Esperanto
 to sing  kanti
 to fall  fali
 to sleep  dormi
 to walk  promeni
 to sit  sidi
 to stand  stari
 to go  iri
 to be  esti
 to have  havi
 to play  ludi
 to read  legi
to study studi
to think pensi
to like sxati


Now we can put the verb in a certain tense, meaning that we can add a little ending to the stem that will indicate when the action is taking place.


When something is happening in the present, it is called the present tense (I walk, you sleep, we eat).


In Esperanto, the present tense is formed by adding "as" to the stem of the verb, regardless of who is the subject of the action.


For example:


English Esperanto
to sing  kanti
I sing  mi kantas
we sing  ni kantas
you sing  vi kantas
he sings  li kantas
she sing  sxi kantas
they sing  ili kantas
the children sing  la infanoj kantas
the city is beautiful  la urbo estas bela
the cities are beautiful  la urboj estas belaj
the street is long  la strato estas longa
the streets are long  la stratoj estas longaj

Videos

Esperanto 101: Basic Verbs - YouTube

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Contributors

Maintenance script, 51.37.172.238, Vincent and PabloWang


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