Language/Chechen/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation
Hi/салам Chechen Learners! 😃
➡ In today's lesson we will learn how to write, read and pronounce the Chechen Alphabet.
Happy learning!
History of the Chechen Alphabet
Chechens do not have their own alphabet like Armenians and Georgians. After Islam was created they used Arabic script. In the mid-1920s the Latin letters were introduced, but none of these adapted systems really come to the fore. In the mid-1940s Latin was replaced by Cyrillic, which is still written in Chechnya today, although since independence there have been efforts to revert to the Latin or Arabic alphabet. Both reforms of the Soviet alphabet were successful repressive mechanisms: in each case, all books printed in the old script were destroyed, undermining the cultural heritage of the people.
Chechen Alphabets & IPA Pronunciation
- The Chechen language contains an alphabet of 49 letters and several diphthongs.
- Emphasis is placed on the first syllable of the word.
- Concerning the phonetics, there are long vowels and short vowels however the nasal is lacking.
| Cyrillic | Name | Arabic
(before 1925) |
Modern
Latin |
Name | IPA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| А а | а | آ /ɑː/, ا | A a | a | /ə/, /ɑː/ |
| Аь аь | аь | ا | Ä ä | ä | /æ/, /æː/ |
| Б б | бэ | ب | B b | be | /b/ |
| В в | вэ | و | V v | ve | /v/ |
| Г г | гэ | گ | G g | ge | /ɡ/ |
| Гӏ гӏ | гӏа | غ | Ġ ġ | ġa | /ɣ/ |
| Д д | дэ | د | D d | de | /d/ |
| Е е | е | ە | E e | e | /e/, /ɛː/, /je/, /ie/ |
| Ё ё | ё | یوٓ | yo | /jo/ etc. | |
| Ж ж | жэ | ج | Ƶ ƶ | ƶe | /ʒ/, /dʒ/ |
| З з | зэ | ز | Z z | ze | /z/, /dz/ |
| И и | и | ی | I i | i | /ɪ/ |
| Ий ий | یی | Iy iy | /iː/ | ||
| Й й
(я, ю, е) |
доца и | ی | Y y | doca i | /j/ |
| К к | к | ک | K k | ka | /k/ |
| Кк кк | کک | Kk kk | /kː/ | ||
| Кх кх | кх | ق | Q q | qa | /q/ |
| Ккх ккх | قق | Qq qq | /qː/ | ||
| Къ къ | къа | ڨ | Q̇ q̇ | q̇a | /qʼ/ |
| Кӏ кӏ | кӏа | گ (ࢰ) | Kh kh | kha | /kʼ/ |
| Л л | лэ | ل | L l | el | /l/ |
| М м | мэ | م | M m | em | /m/ |
| Н н | нэ | ن | N n | en | /n/ |
| О о | о | ووٓ, وٓ uo | O o | o | /o/, /ɔː/, /wo/, /uo/ |
| Ов ов | ов | وٓو | Ov ov | ov | /ɔʊ/ |
| Оь оь | оь | وٓ | Ö ö | ö | /ɥø/, /yø/ |
| П п | пэ | ف | P p | pe | /p/ |
| Пп пп | فف | Pp pp | /pː/ | ||
| Пӏ пӏ | пӏа | ڢ ـٯ | Ph ph | pha | /pʼ/ |
| Р р | рэ | ر | R r | er | /r/ |
| Рхӏ рхӏ | رھ | Rh rh | /r̥/ | ||
| С с | сэ | س | S s | es | /s/ |
| Сс сс | سس | Ss ss | /sː/ | ||
| Т т | тэ | ت | T t | te | /t/ |
| Тт тт | تت | Tt tt | /tː/ | ||
| Тӏ тӏ | тӏа | ط | Th th | tha | /tʼ/ |
| У у | у | و | U u | u | /uʊ/ |
| Ув ув | وو | Uv uv | /uː/ | ||
| Уь уь | уь | و | Ü ü | ü | /y/ |
| Уьй уьй | уьй | و | Üy üy | üy | /yː/ |
| Ф ф | фэ | ف | F f | ef | /f/ |
| Х х | хэ | خ | X x | xa | /x/ |
| Хь хь | хьа | ح | Ẋ ẋ | ẋa | /ʜ/ |
| Хӏ хӏ | хӏа | ھ | H h | ha | /h/ |
| Ц ц | цэ | ر̤ | C c | ce | /ts/ |
| Цӏ цӏ | цӏа | ڗ | Ċ ċ | ċe | /tsʼ/ |
| Ч ч | чэ | چ | Ҫ ҫ | ҫe | /tʃ/ |
| Чӏ чӏ | чӏа | ڃ | Ҫ̇ ҫ̇ | ҫ̇e | /tʃʼ/ |
| Ш ш | шэ | ش | Ş ş | şa | /ʃ/ |
| Щ щ | щэ | ||||
| (Ъ) ъ | чӏогӏа хьаьрк | ئ | Ə ə | ç̇oġa ẋärk | /ʔ/ |
| (Ы) ы | ы | ||||
| (Ь) ь | кӏеда хьаьрк | kheda ẋärk | |||
| Э э | э | اە | E e | e | /e/ etc. |
| Ю ю | ю | یو | yu | /ju/ etc. | |
| Юь юь | юь | یو | yü | /jy/ etc. | |
| Я я | я | یا، یآ | ya | /ja/ etc. | |
| Яь яь | яь | یا | yä | /jæ/ etc. | |
| Ӏ ӏ | ӏа | ع | J j | ja | /ʡ/, /ˤ/ |