Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Traditional-Architectures:-Northern-Europe

Architectures	Costumes	Foods	Miscellaneous Handicrafts	Musical Instruments	Symbols and Motifs	Visual Arts	Vehicles	Weapons and Armours	Writings
Calendars and Clocks	Performing Arts	Economic Systems	Festivals	Games	Literatures	Martial Arts	Music	Religions and Folklores	Political Systems	Units of Measurement

main page

Northern America	Northern Africa	Northern Europe	Central Asia	Micronesia
Central America	Western Africa	Eastern Europe	Eastern Asia	Polynesia
Caribbean	Central Africa	Western Europe	Western Asia	Melanesia
Southern America	Eastern Africa	Southern Europe	Southern Asia	Australia and New Zealand
	Southern Africa		Southeastern Asia

Generic Structure

structure	function	place of origin	time	image
bothan [gla]	hut	Scotland, Northern England, Ulster, Wales		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mountain_huts_in_the_United_Kingdom
carn [gle] càrn [gla] carnedd [cym] cairn [eng] kernas [lit] röse [swe] varða [isl] varde [nor]	landmark, tumulus			https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cairns_(rock_stack_landmarks)_by_country
cleit [gla]	hut	St Kilda		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St_Kilda_cleit_-_geograph.org.uk_-_229590.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earthen-roofed_cliet_on_St_Kilda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2253503.jpg
clochán [gle]	hut	Southwestern Ireland		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hall_houses
colmlann [gle] colombyi [nrf] doocot [sco] dovecote [eng] dueslag [nor] duvslag [swe] karvelidė [lit] kyyhkyslakka [fin]	dovecote	Upper Egypt		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dovecotes_by_country
English landscape garden [eng]	garden	England		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:English_gardens
hall house [eng]	hut	England		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hall_houses
gåhte [sje] gåhtie [sju] gåetie [sma] goahte [smj] goahti [sme]	hut	Northern Scandinavia		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Goahti
kååvas [sms] kåvas коавас [sjd] láávu [smn] låvdagoahte [smj] lávvu [sme]	hut	Northern Scandinavia		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lavvu
stavkirke [nob] stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Norway		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stave_churches
torfbæir [isl]	hut	Iceland		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turf_houses_in_Iceland
melin wynt [cym] muileann gaoithe [gle] muileann-gaoithe [gla] tuuleveski [est] tuulimylly [fin] vējdzirnavas [lav] vėjo malūnas [lit] vindmølle [dan,nor] vindmylla [isl] windmill [eng]	windmill	Egypt	1st century	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Windmills_by_country

Specific Building

building	function	location	time	style	image
Newgrange [eng] Sí an Bhrú [gle]	tomb	County Meath	c. 3200 BC		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Newgrange
Leeds Castle [eng]	castle; museum	Kent	857	Norman	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leeds_Castle
Tower of London [eng]	castle; museum	London	1080s	Norman	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tower_of_London
Urnes stavkirkje [nob] Urnes stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Luster	1130		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urnes_stavkirke
Castle Rising Castle [eng]	castle	Castle Rising	after 1138		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Castle_Rising_Castle
Stavanger domkirke [nob] Stavanger domkyrkje [nno]	cathedral	Stavanger	1150	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stavanger_domkirke
Ringsaker kirke [nob] Ringsaker kyrkje [nno]	church	Ringsaker	c. 1150		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ringsaker_kirke
Søsterkirkene [nob] Systerkyrkjene [nno]	church	Gran	c. 1150		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sister_churches_at_Gran,_Oppland
Mariakirken [nob] Mariakyrkja [nno]	church	Bergen	c. 1180	Romanesque, Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mariakirken,_Bergen
Værnes kirke [nob] Værnes kyrkje [nno]	church	Stjørdal	1190		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:V%C3%A6rnes_kirke
Edinburgh Castle [eng] Caisteal Dhún Éideann [gle]	castle; museum	Edinburgh	11th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edinburgh_Castle
Windsor Castle [eng]	castle; museum	Berkshire	11th century	Perpendicular Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Windsor_Castle
Lunds domkyrka [swe]	cathedral	Lund	late 11th century	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lunds_domkyrka
Heddal stavkirke [nob] Heddal stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Notodden	c. 1200		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heddal_stavkirke
Borgund stavkirke [nob] Borgund stavkyrkje [nno]	church; museum	Lærdal	c. 1200		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Borgund_stavkirke
Ringebu stavkirke [nob] Ringebu stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Ringebu	c. 1220	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ringebu_stavkirke
Beeston Castle [eng]	castle	Beeston	1220s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beeston_Castle
Bergenhus festning [nor]	fortress; museum	Bergen	1240s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bergenhus_festning
Kviteseid gamle kirkje [nob] Kviteseid gamle kyrkje [nno]	church	Kviteseid	1260	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kviteseid_gamle_kirke
Muhu Katariina kirik [ekk]	church	Muhu	1267	Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhu_Church
Voss kirke [nob] Voss kyrkje [nno]	church	Voss	1277		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Voss_kirke
Aydon Castle [eng]	castle; museum	Corbridge	1290s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aydon_Castle
Åbo slott [swe] Turun linna [fin]	castle; museum	Turku	late 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turku_Castle
Caerlaverock Castle [eng,sco]	castle	Dumfries	late 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caerlaverock_Castle
Featherstone Castle [eng]	castle	Haltwhistle	13th century	Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Featherstone_Castle
Koluvere linnus [ekk] Schloss Lohde [deu]	castle	Koluvere	13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Koluvere_Castle
Nidarosdomen [nor]	cathedral	Trondheim	1300	Romanesque, Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nidaros_Cathedral
Castell Biwmares [cym]	castle	Beaumaris	c. 1330		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beaumaris_Castle
Shute Barton [eng]	house	Shute	1380		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Old_Shute_House
Bodiam Castle [eng]	castle	Robertsbridge	1385		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bodiam_Castle
Alfriston Clergy House [eng]	house; museum	Alfriston	middle 14th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alfriston_Clergy_House
Kronborg [dan]	castle; museum	Helsingør	1420		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kronborg
Trondenes kirke [nob] Trondenes kyrkje [nno]	church	Harstad	c. 1435		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trondenes_kirke
Ancient Priors [eng]	hall house; restaurant	Crawley	c. 1450		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ancient_Priors
Pyhän Sigfridin kirkko [fin]	church	Sipoo	1450s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St._Sigfrid%27s_Church,_Sipoo
Olofsborg [swe]	castle	Savonlinna	1495		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Olavinlinna
Plas Uchaf [cym]	hall house	Corwen	15th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Plas_Uchaf
Old Punch Bowl [eng]	pub	Crawley	early 15th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Old_Punch_Bowl,_Crawley
Tyrvään Pyhän Olavin kirkko [fin] Tyrvis Sankt Olofs kyrka [swe]	church	Tyrvää	1516		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St._Olaf%27s_Church_in_Tyrv%C3%A4%C3%A4
Rufford Old Hall [eng]	hall house	Rufford	c. 1530	Perpendicular Gothic, Jacobean, Gothic Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rufford_Old_Hall
Kankaisten kartano [fin] Kankas gård [swe]	manor house	Masku	c. 1550		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kankainen_Manor
Drottningholms slott [swe]	palace; museum	Drottningholm	1580	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drottningholm_Palace
Biržų pilis [lit]	castle	Biržai	1589	Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bir%C5%BEai_Castle
Vadstena slott [swe]	castle	Vadstena	1620	Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vadstena_slott
Louhisaaren kartano [fin] Villnäs slott [swe]	manor house; museum	Masku	1655	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Louhisaari_Manor
Torneå kyrka [swe] Tornion kirkko [fin]	church	Tornio	1686		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tornio_Church
Ospidéal Ríochta Chill Mhaighneann [gle] Royal Hospital Kilmainham [eng]	hospital	Dublin	1687	Classical, Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Hospital,_Kilmainham
Soađegili boares girku [sme] Sodankylän vanha kirkko [swe]	church	Sodankylä	1689		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sodankyl%C3%A4_Old_Church
Oslo domkirke [nno] Oslo domkyrkje [nob]	cathedral	Oslo	1697	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oslo_Domkirke
Kalmar domkyrka [swe]	cathedral	Kalmar	1703	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kalmar_domkyrka
Kadrioru loss [ekk] Schloss Katharinental [deu]	castle	Tallinn	1725	Petrine Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kadriorg_Palace
Russborough House [eng]	house	County Wicklow	1741	Palladian	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russborough_House
An Ghráinseach Iontach [gle] The Wonderful Barn [eng]	barn	Barnhall	1743	Georgian	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Wonderful_Barn,_Leixlip
Leinster House [eng] Teach Laighean [gle]	parliament	Dublin	1748	Georgian, Palladian	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leinster_House
Stockholms slott [swe]	palace	Stockholm	1760	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Palace,_Stockholm
Petäjäveden vanha kirkko [fin]	church	Petäjävesi	1765		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pet%C3%A4j%C3%A4vesi_Old_Church
Damsgård hovedgård [nno] Damsgård hovudgard [nob]	manor house	Bergen	c. 1770	Rococo	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Damsg%C3%A5rd_hovedg%C3%A5rd
Rauman raatihuone [fin] Raumo rådhus [swe]	town hall; museum	Rauma	1776		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rauma_Old_Town_Hall
Stiftsgården [nob]	palace	Trondheim	1778	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stiftsg%C3%A5rden,_Trondheim
Dómkirkjan í Reykjavík [isl]	cathedral	Reykjavík	1787		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:D%C3%B3mkirkjan_%C3%AD_Reykjav%C3%ADk
Lappeen Marian kirkko [fin]	church	Lappeenranta	1794		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lappee_Church
Oravaisten kirkko [fin]	church	Vörå	1797	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oravais_Church
Hämeenlinnan kirkko [fin] Tavastehus kyrka [swe]	church	Hämeenlinna	1798	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:H%C3%A4meenlinna_Church
Merikasarmi [fin]	barracks; office	Helsinki	1820		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Merikasarmi
Statsrådsborgen [swe] Valtioneuvoston linna [fin]	palace, office	Helsinki	1822	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_Palace,_Helsinki
Sulkavan kirkko [fin]	church	Sulkava	1822	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sulkava_Church
Gamla kyrkan i Helsingfors [swe] Helsingin vanha kirkko [fin]	church	Helsinki	1826	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helsinki_Old_Church
Lappo domkyrka [swe] Lapuan tuomiokirkko [fin]	cathedral	Lapua	1827	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lapua_Cathedral
Rosendals slott [swe]	church; concert hall	Stockholm	1827	Empire	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rosendals_slott
Porin raatihuone [fin] Björneborgs rådhus [swe]	library	Helsinki	1841	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pori_Old_Town_Hall
Kansalliskirjasto [fin] Nationalbiblioteket [swe]	library	Helsinki	1844		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Library_of_Finland
Kerimäen kirkko [fin] Kerimäki kyrka [swe]	church	Helsinki	1847		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kerim%C3%A4ki_church
Skeppsholmskyrkan [swe]	church; concert hall	Stockholm	1849	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Skeppsholmskyrkan
Suomenlinnan kirkko [fin] Sveaborgs kyrka [swe]	church	Helsinki	1854		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Suomenlinna_Church
Gaustad sykehus [nob]	hospital	Oslo	1855		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gaustad_sykehus
Treeiningskyrkja [nno] Trefoldighetskirken [nob]	church	Oslo	1858	Gothic Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trefoldighetskirken_Oslo
Svenska Teatern [swe]	theatre	Helsinki	1860		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swedish_Theater,_Helsinki
Riddarhuset [swe] Ritarihuone [fin]	palace	Helsinki	1862		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ritarihuone
Tyska kyrkan [swe] Saksalainen kirkko [fin]	church	Helsinki	1864	Gothic Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:German_Church_(Helsinki)
Uspenskijkatedralen [swe] Uspenskin katedraali [fin]	cathedral	Helsinki	1868	Russian Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uspenski_Cathedral
Alþingishúsið [isl]	parliament	Reykjavík	1881		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al%C3%BEingish%C3%BAsi%C3%B0
Verlan puuhiomo ja pahvitehdas [fin]	mill	Kouvola	1882		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verla_groundwood_and_board_mill
Säätytalo [fin] Ständerhuset [swe]	office	Helsinki	1890	Renaissance Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:House_of_the_Estates
Erottajan paloasema [fin]	fire station	Helsinki	1891		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Erottaja_fire_station
Dalen Hotel [nor]	hotel	Dalen	1894	Art Nouveau	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dalen_Hotel

Architectures	Costumes	Foods	Miscellaneous Handicrafts	Musical Instruments	Symbols and Motifs	Visual Arts	Vehicles	Weapons and Armours	Writings
Calendars and Clocks	Performing Arts	Economic Systems	Festivals	Games	Literatures	Martial Arts	Music	Religions and Folklores	Political Systems	Units of Measurement

main page

Northern America	Northern Africa	Northern Europe	Central Asia	Micronesia
Central America	Western Africa	Eastern Europe	Eastern Asia	Polynesia
Caribbean	Central Africa	Western Europe	Western Asia	Melanesia
Southern America	Eastern Africa	Southern Europe	Southern Asia	Australia and New Zealand
	Southern Africa		Southeastern Asia

Other Lessons

• Introduction to Common Han Characters
• Ranking of countries by cost of living in the world
• Introduction to Writing Systems
• Traditional Architectures
• Traditional Symbols and Motifs
• Naming in different cultures
• Text Processing Tools
• Productivity tools for polyglots
• Similar Sayings
• Websites of DIY Procedures
• Comparison of Advanced FLOSS Tools for Learning
• Best Singers
• Most Famous Folk Songs