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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Lingala|Lingala]]  → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Lingala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Conjugation → Negation</div>
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Welcome to today's lesson on '''Negation in Lingala'''! Understanding how to form negative sentences is crucial for effective communication. In Lingala, negation helps you express what is not happening, what you do not like, or what is absent. It allows you to convey your thoughts more accurately and is a fundamental aspect of mastering the language.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the structure of negative sentences in Lingala, the negation words used, and how to apply these rules in various contexts. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify and form negative sentences, which is an essential skill as you progress in your Lingala learning journey.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of Negation in Lingala ===
 
Negation is an essential part of any language. In Lingala, negation is not just about using specific words; it involves understanding sentence structure and the correct placement of these negation words. It allows speakers to express dissent, absence, or the opposite of what is stated. The ability to negate statements makes your communication richer and more nuanced. For example, saying "I eat" versus "I do not eat" can change the entire meaning of your conversation.
 
=== Structure of Negative Sentences ===
 
In Lingala, negation is primarily achieved through the use of the word '''"te"''' which means "not." The placement of this word in a sentence is critical. Generally, the structure follows this pattern:
 
* '''Subject + Verb + "te" + (Complement)'''
 
For example:


In this lesson, we will delve into the topic of negation in Lingala. Negation is an essential aspect of any language, as it allows us to express negation or denial in our sentences. It enables us to say "no" or negate actions, states, or conditions. Understanding how to form negative sentences in Lingala will greatly enhance your language skills and allow you to express yourself more effectively.
* '''"Ngai nalingi te"''' (I do not like)


Negation in Lingala involves the use of specific negation words and follows certain rules. In this lesson, we will explore the various negation words used in Lingala and understand how they are used to form negative sentences. We will also learn about the rules for conjugating verbs in the negation form. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of how to form negative sentences in Lingala and will be able to apply this knowledge in your conversations.
Now, let’s delve deeper into how to use negation in various contexts.


== Negation Words ==
=== Common Negation Words ===


In Lingala, there are several negation words that are used to form negative sentences. These words are placed before the verb in the sentence to indicate that the action or state is being negated. Let's take a look at some of the common negation words in Lingala:
In addition to "te," there are other expressions that can also indicate negation. Here are a few important ones:
 
* '''"soki"''' - if, when (used in conditional sentences)
 
* '''"ata"''' - even (can imply negation in certain contexts)
 
Now that we have set the stage, let's look at some examples to illustrate how negation works in Lingala.
 
== Examples of Negative Sentences ==
 
The following table highlights various examples of negative sentences in Lingala:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Lingala !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Ngai nalingi te. || ŋai naˈliŋi te || I do not like.
 
|-
 
| Oyo ezali te. || oˈjo ezaˈli te || This is not.
 
|-
 
| Bato balingi te. || ˈbato baˈliŋi te || People do not like.
 
|-
 
| Na kanga te. || na ˈkaŋa te || I do not understand.
 
|-
 
| Eloko ezali na yo te. || eˈloko ezaˈli na jo te || There is nothing for you.
 
|-
|-
| te || /te/ || not
 
| Tika ngai te. || ˈtika ŋai te || Do not leave me.
 
|-
|-
| tozali te || /tozali te/ || we are not
 
| Abeti te. || aˈbɛti te || He/she did not hit.
 
|-
|-
| oko || /oko/ || never
 
| Nani akomi te? || ˈnani aˈkɔmi te || Who did not write?
 
|-
|-
| likolo || /likolo/ || no longer
 
| Soki olingi te, tokokufa. || ˈsoki oˈliŋi te, toˈkɔkufa || If you do not love, we will die.
 
|-
|-
| ekóli || /ekoli/ || no one
 
| Naka na ndako te. || ˈnaka na ˈndako te || I am not at home.
 
|-
|-
| mosusu || /mosusu/ || no more
 
| Ndenge ya yo ezali te. || ˈndɛŋe ja jo ezaˈli te || Your way is not right.
 
|-
 
| Na tanga buku te. || na ˈtaŋa ˈbuku te || I do not read books.
 
|-
 
| Zali na mbala te. || ˈzali na ˈmbala te || There is no chance.
 
|-
 
| Ndenge ya sango ezali te. || ˈndɛŋe ja ˈsaŋo ezaˈli te || The news is not true.
 
|-
 
| Nako yoka te. || naˈko ˈjɔka te || I will not listen.
 
|-
 
| Tika ngai na yo te. || ˈtika ŋai na jo te || Do not leave me with you.
 
|-
 
| Nani azali te? || ˈnani aˈzali te || Who is not here?
 
|-
 
| Na moke te. || na ˈmoke te || I do not have a little.
 
|-
 
| Bokoki te. || boˈkoki te || You cannot.
 
|-
 
| Tika makambo te. || ˈtika maˈkambo te || Do not leave things.
 
|-
 
| Nako senga te. || naˈko ˈseŋa te || I will not ask.
 
|}
|}


These negation words provide different nuances and shades of meaning when used in a sentence. Let's explore their usage in more detail.
As you can see, the word "te" is used consistently to negate the verbs in these sentences. By practicing these structures, you will become more comfortable with forming negative sentences.


=== "Te" - Not ===
== Exercises for Practice ==


The word "te" is the most common negation word used in Lingala. It is used to indicate the negation of an action, state, or condition. "Te" is placed before the verb in the sentence to form a negative sentence. Here are some examples:
Now that you have seen various examples, it's time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce your understanding of negation in Lingala.


* Nalingi te. (I don't want.)
=== Exercise 1: Translate the Following Sentences ===
* Oyebi te. (You don't know.)
* Alobi te. (He/she doesn't say.)


As you can see, the word "te" is placed before the verb to indicate negation. It is a versatile negation word that can be used in various contexts and with different subjects.
Translate the following English sentences into Lingala using negation.  


=== "Tozali Te" - We Are Not ===
1. I do not like fish.


The phrase "tozali te" is used to indicate that "we are not" doing something. It is a combination of the pronoun "tozali" (we) and the negation word "te" (not). Here are some examples:
2. They are not here.


* Tozali te koleka. (We are not playing.)
3. We do not understand.
* Tozali te kobenga. (We are not singing.)
* Tozali te koyemba. (We are not dancing.)


In these examples, "tozali te" is placed before the verb to indicate negation and specify that "we" are not performing the action.
4. She does not eat.


=== "Oko" - Never ===
5. You cannot go.


The word "oko" is used to indicate "never" in Lingala. It is placed before the verb to express the idea of never performing a certain action. Here are some examples:
=== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ===


* Oko koloba. (Never speak.)
Fill in the blanks with the correct negation word "te."
* Oko kokoma. (Never sleep.)
* Oko kokende. (Never walk.)


In these examples, "oko" is placed before the verb to indicate that the action has never been performed or will never be performed.
1. Na _______ suka. (I do not finish.)


=== "Likolo" - No Longer ===
2. Bato _______ nzela. (People do not have a way.)


The word "likolo" is used to indicate "no longer" in Lingala. It is placed before the verb to express the idea that something is no longer happening. Here are some examples:
3. Nani _______ yaka? (Who did not come?)


* Likolo koloba. (No longer speak.)
4. Eloko _______ ezali. (Nothing is there.)
* Likolo kokoma. (No longer sleep.)
* Likolo kokende. (No longer walk.)


In these examples, "likolo" is placed before the verb to indicate that the action or state has ceased or is no longer happening.
5. Tika _______ ngai. (Do not leave me.)


=== "Ekóli" - No One ===
=== Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences ===


The word "ekóli" is used to indicate "no one" in Lingala. It is placed before the verb to express the idea that no one is performing a certain action. Here are some examples:
Using the structure '''Subject + Verb + "te" + (Complement)''', create five negative sentences in Lingala.  


* Ekóli koloba. (No one speaks.)
=== Exercise 4: Identify the Negation ===
* Ekóli kokoma. (No one sleeps.)
* Ekóli kokende. (No one walks.)


In these examples, "ekóli" is placed before the verb to indicate that no one is performing the action.
Read the following sentences and underline the negation word.  


=== "Mosusu" - No More ===
1. Ngai na tanga te.


The word "mosusu" is used to indicate "no more" in Lingala. It is placed before the verb to express the idea that something is no longer happening or available. Here are some examples:
2. Oyo ezali te.


* Mosusu koloba. (No more speaking.)
3. Bato balingi te.
* Mosusu kokoma. (No more sleeping.)
* Mosusu kokende. (No more walking.)


In these examples, "mosusu" is placed before the verb to indicate that the action or state is no longer happening or available.
=== Exercise 5: Multiple Choice ===


== Conjugation in the Negation Form ==
Choose the correct negation word to complete each sentence.


When forming negative sentences in Lingala, it is important to conjugate the verb correctly. The verb must agree with the subject of the sentence and be conjugated in the negation form. Let's take a closer look at how to conjugate verbs in the negation form in Lingala.
1. Na _______ suka. (a) na (b) te


=== Regular Verbs ===
2. Oyo _______ ezali. (a) te (b) ezali


For regular verbs, the negation form is created by adding the negation word before the verb stem. The verb stem remains unchanged. Here is an example using the verb "koboma" (to sleep):
3. Nani _______ yaka? (a) te (b) nani


* Nalingi te koboma. (I don't want to sleep.)
=== Exercise 6: Correct the Mistakes ===
* Oyebi te koboma. (You don't know how to sleep.)
* Alobi te koboma. (He/she doesn't say to sleep.)


In these examples, the negation word "te" is placed before the verb stem "koboma" to indicate negation. The verb stem remains unchanged.
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.


=== Irregular Verbs ===
1. Ngai na tanga te buku.


For irregular verbs, the negation form may involve some changes in the verb stem. Some irregular verbs have specific negation forms that differ from the regular verb conjugation pattern. Here is an example using the irregular verb "koloba" (to speak):
2. Oyo te ezali.


* Nalingi te koloba. (I don't want to speak.)
3. Bato balingi.
* Oyebi te koloba. (You don't know how to speak.)
* Alobi te koloba. (He/she doesn't say to speak.)


In these examples, the negation word "te" is placed before the verb stem "koloba" to indicate negation.
=== Exercise 7: Matching Exercise ===


It is important to note that each verb may have its own specific negation form and conjugation pattern. It is essential to learn the negation form and conjugation of each verb individually.
Match the English sentences with their Lingala negation counterparts.


== Cultural Section ==
1. I do not see. (a) Na _______ yoka.


In Lingala culture, negation plays an important role in communication. It allows individuals to express their disagreement, denial, or negation of a certain action or statement. Negation helps to convey different shades of meaning and express one's perspective or stance on a particular matter.
2. They are not happy. (b) Ba _______ na mbala.


Lingala is spoken in several countries in Central Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, and Angola. Although there may be slight regional variations in the usage or understanding of negation, the basic rules and principles remain the same across these regions.
3. She does not speak. (c) Ye _______ koloba.


In Lingala-speaking cultures, it is generally considered impolite or disrespectful to use strong negative language or deny someone outright. Instead, negation is often expressed in a more indirect or subtle manner. Politeness and respect are highly valued in Lingala culture, and negation is no exception to this cultural norm.
=== Exercise 8: Fill in the Gap with "te" ===


An interesting cultural fact about Lingala is that it is often used as a lingua franca or common language between different ethnic groups in the region. This is because Lingala is taught in schools and used in government, media, and business settings. Its widespread use has led to the development of a unique Lingala culture that is influenced by various ethnic groups and languages.
Complete the following sentences by adding "te" in the correct positions.  


== Exercises ==
1. Na _______ yoka.


Now it's time to practice forming negative sentences in Lingala. Complete the following exercises by forming negative sentences using the given prompts. Solutions and explanations will be provided afterward.
2. Bato _______ balingi.


Exercise 1:
3. Nani _______ na yo?
Prompt: (Nalingi / koyemba)
Solution: Nalingi te koyemba. (I don't want to dance.)


Exercise 2:
=== Exercise 9: True or False ===
Prompt: (Bana / koloba)
Solution: Bana bazali te koloba. (The children don't speak.)


Exercise 3:
Decide if the negation used in the sentence is correct or incorrect.
Prompt: (Ozali / kokoma)
Solution: Ozali te kokoma. (You are not sleeping.)


Exercise 4:
1. Nani azali te? - True
Prompt: (Ekóli / kofuta)
Solution: Ekóli ekomi te kofuta. (No one is closing the door.)


Exercise 5:
2. Ngai nalingi? - False
Prompt: (Mosusu / kobenga)
Solution: Mosusu ekomi te kobenga. (There is no more singing.)


== Solutions ==
3. Oyo ezali? - False


Exercise 1:
=== Exercise 10: Write a Short Paragraph ===
Solution: Nalingi te koyemba. (I don't want to dance.)


Exercise 2:
Write a short paragraph about your daily routine using at least three negative sentences.  
Solution: Bana bazali te koloba. (The children don't speak.)


Exercise 3:
== Solutions and Explanations ==
Solution: Ozali te kokoma. (You are not sleeping.)


Exercise 4:
Here are the solutions to the exercises.
Solution: Ekóli ekomi te kofuta. (No one is closing the door.)


Exercise 5:
=== Exercise 1: Answers ===
Solution: Mosusu ekomi te kobenga. (There is no more singing.)


== Conclusion ==
1. Ngai nalingi te nzoka.


Congratulations on completing the lesson on negation in Lingala! You have learned how to form negative sentences using negation words and conjugation rules. This knowledge will greatly enhance your ability to express yourself in Lingala and engage in conversations with native speakers.
2. Bato bazali te awa.


Remember to practice using negation in various contexts and with different verbs to strengthen your understanding and fluency. As you continue your language learning journey, keep exploring Lingala culture, traditions, and language to deepen your appreciation and connection with the language.
3. To zali te koyeba.


Continue practicing and building on what you have learned in this lesson, and soon you will find yourself progressing to more advanced levels of Lingala proficiency. Well done and keep up the great work!
4. Ye azali na te kolia.
 
5. Oyo bokoki te koya.
 
=== Exercise 2: Answers ===
 
1. Na tanga te.
 
2. Bato balingi te nzela.
 
3. Nani azali te yaka?
 
4. Eloko te ezali.
 
5. Tika te ngai.
 
=== Exercise 3: Sample Sentences ===
 
1. Ngai na kolia te.
 
2. Bato balingi te.
 
3. Ye na yoka te.
 
4. To na senga te.
 
5. Nani azali te?
 
=== Exercise 4: Answers ===
 
1. Ngai na tanga '''te'''.
 
2. Oyo '''te''' ezali.
 
3. Bato balingi '''te'''.
 
=== Exercise 5: Answers ===
 
1. (b) te
 
2. (a) te
 
3. (a) te
 
=== Exercise 6: Answers ===
 
1. Ngai na tanga te buku. (Correct: Ngai na tanga te.)
 
2. Oyo te ezali. (Correct: Oyo ezali te.)
 
3. Bato balingi. (Correct: Bato balingi te.)
 
=== Exercise 7: Answers ===
 
1 - (a), 2 - (b), 3 - (c)
 
=== Exercise 8: Answers ===
 
1. Na '''te''' yoka.
 
2. Bato '''te''' balingi.
 
3. Nani '''te''' na yo?
 
=== Exercise 9: Answers ===
 
1. True
 
2. False (should include "te")
 
3. False (should include "te")
 
=== Exercise 10: Sample Paragraph ===
 
In my daily routine, '''ngai na tanga te''' (I do not read), '''ngai na kolia te''' (I do not eat), and '''ngai na yaka te''' (I do not come). These sentences illustrate my busy schedule where I sometimes forget to do these activities.
 
In conclusion, mastering negation in Lingala opens the door to expressing your thoughts more freely and accurately. As you practice these structures and integrate them into your conversations, you'll find your confidence growing. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be comfortable using negation without a second thought!


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|keywords=Lingala grammar, Lingala verbs, Lingala conjugation, Lingala negation, Lingala language, Lingala course
|title=Learn Lingala Negation: A Beginner's Guide
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form negative sentences in Lingala using negation words and rules. Dive into the details of Lingala grammar and conjugation, and explore the cultural aspects of negation in Lingala.
 
|keywords=Lingala, negation, learn Lingala, grammar, negative sentences, language course
 
|description=This lesson teaches you how to form negative sentences in Lingala, providing examples, exercises, and solutions to master negation effectively.
 
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==Sources==
==Sources==

Latest revision as of 06:38, 2 August 2024

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Lingala → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Negation

Welcome to today's lesson on Negation in Lingala! Understanding how to form negative sentences is crucial for effective communication. In Lingala, negation helps you express what is not happening, what you do not like, or what is absent. It allows you to convey your thoughts more accurately and is a fundamental aspect of mastering the language.

In this lesson, we will explore the structure of negative sentences in Lingala, the negation words used, and how to apply these rules in various contexts. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify and form negative sentences, which is an essential skill as you progress in your Lingala learning journey.

Importance of Negation in Lingala[edit | edit source]

Negation is an essential part of any language. In Lingala, negation is not just about using specific words; it involves understanding sentence structure and the correct placement of these negation words. It allows speakers to express dissent, absence, or the opposite of what is stated. The ability to negate statements makes your communication richer and more nuanced. For example, saying "I eat" versus "I do not eat" can change the entire meaning of your conversation.

Structure of Negative Sentences[edit | edit source]

In Lingala, negation is primarily achieved through the use of the word "te" which means "not." The placement of this word in a sentence is critical. Generally, the structure follows this pattern:

  • Subject + Verb + "te" + (Complement)

For example:

  • "Ngai nalingi te" (I do not like)

Now, let’s delve deeper into how to use negation in various contexts.

Common Negation Words[edit | edit source]

In addition to "te," there are other expressions that can also indicate negation. Here are a few important ones:

  • "soki" - if, when (used in conditional sentences)
  • "ata" - even (can imply negation in certain contexts)

Now that we have set the stage, let's look at some examples to illustrate how negation works in Lingala.

Examples of Negative Sentences[edit | edit source]

The following table highlights various examples of negative sentences in Lingala:

Lingala Pronunciation English
Ngai nalingi te. ŋai naˈliŋi te I do not like.
Oyo ezali te. oˈjo ezaˈli te This is not.
Bato balingi te. ˈbato baˈliŋi te People do not like.
Na kanga te. na ˈkaŋa te I do not understand.
Eloko ezali na yo te. eˈloko ezaˈli na jo te There is nothing for you.
Tika ngai te. ˈtika ŋai te Do not leave me.
Abeti te. aˈbɛti te He/she did not hit.
Nani akomi te? ˈnani aˈkɔmi te Who did not write?
Soki olingi te, tokokufa. ˈsoki oˈliŋi te, toˈkɔkufa If you do not love, we will die.
Naka na ndako te. ˈnaka na ˈndako te I am not at home.
Ndenge ya yo ezali te. ˈndɛŋe ja jo ezaˈli te Your way is not right.
Na tanga buku te. na ˈtaŋa ˈbuku te I do not read books.
Zali na mbala te. ˈzali na ˈmbala te There is no chance.
Ndenge ya sango ezali te. ˈndɛŋe ja ˈsaŋo ezaˈli te The news is not true.
Nako yoka te. naˈko ˈjɔka te I will not listen.
Tika ngai na yo te. ˈtika ŋai na jo te Do not leave me with you.
Nani azali te? ˈnani aˈzali te Who is not here?
Na moke te. na ˈmoke te I do not have a little.
Bokoki te. boˈkoki te You cannot.
Tika makambo te. ˈtika maˈkambo te Do not leave things.
Nako senga te. naˈko ˈseŋa te I will not ask.

As you can see, the word "te" is used consistently to negate the verbs in these sentences. By practicing these structures, you will become more comfortable with forming negative sentences.

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Now that you have seen various examples, it's time to practice! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce your understanding of negation in Lingala.

Exercise 1: Translate the Following Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English sentences into Lingala using negation.

1. I do not like fish.

2. They are not here.

3. We do not understand.

4. She does not eat.

5. You cannot go.

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct negation word "te."

1. Na _______ suka. (I do not finish.)

2. Bato _______ nzela. (People do not have a way.)

3. Nani _______ yaka? (Who did not come?)

4. Eloko _______ ezali. (Nothing is there.)

5. Tika _______ ngai. (Do not leave me.)

Exercise 3: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the structure Subject + Verb + "te" + (Complement), create five negative sentences in Lingala.

Exercise 4: Identify the Negation[edit | edit source]

Read the following sentences and underline the negation word.

1. Ngai na tanga te.

2. Oyo ezali te.

3. Bato balingi te.

Exercise 5: Multiple Choice[edit | edit source]

Choose the correct negation word to complete each sentence.

1. Na _______ suka. (a) na (b) te

2. Oyo _______ ezali. (a) te (b) ezali

3. Nani _______ yaka? (a) te (b) nani

Exercise 6: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. Ngai na tanga te buku.

2. Oyo te ezali.

3. Bato balingi.

Exercise 7: Matching Exercise[edit | edit source]

Match the English sentences with their Lingala negation counterparts.

1. I do not see. (a) Na _______ yoka.

2. They are not happy. (b) Ba _______ na mbala.

3. She does not speak. (c) Ye _______ koloba.

Exercise 8: Fill in the Gap with "te"[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences by adding "te" in the correct positions.

1. Na _______ yoka.

2. Bato _______ balingi.

3. Nani _______ na yo?

Exercise 9: True or False[edit | edit source]

Decide if the negation used in the sentence is correct or incorrect.

1. Nani azali te? - True

2. Ngai nalingi? - False

3. Oyo ezali? - False

Exercise 10: Write a Short Paragraph[edit | edit source]

Write a short paragraph about your daily routine using at least three negative sentences.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the exercises.

Exercise 1: Answers[edit | edit source]

1. Ngai nalingi te nzoka.

2. Bato bazali te awa.

3. To zali te koyeba.

4. Ye azali na te kolia.

5. Oyo bokoki te koya.

Exercise 2: Answers[edit | edit source]

1. Na tanga te.

2. Bato balingi te nzela.

3. Nani azali te yaka?

4. Eloko te ezali.

5. Tika te ngai.

Exercise 3: Sample Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. Ngai na kolia te.

2. Bato balingi te.

3. Ye na yoka te.

4. To na senga te.

5. Nani azali te?

Exercise 4: Answers[edit | edit source]

1. Ngai na tanga te.

2. Oyo te ezali.

3. Bato balingi te.

Exercise 5: Answers[edit | edit source]

1. (b) te

2. (a) te

3. (a) te

Exercise 6: Answers[edit | edit source]

1. Ngai na tanga te buku. (Correct: Ngai na tanga te.)

2. Oyo te ezali. (Correct: Oyo ezali te.)

3. Bato balingi. (Correct: Bato balingi te.)

Exercise 7: Answers[edit | edit source]

1 - (a), 2 - (b), 3 - (c)

Exercise 8: Answers[edit | edit source]

1. Na te yoka.

2. Bato te balingi.

3. Nani te na yo?

Exercise 9: Answers[edit | edit source]

1. True

2. False (should include "te")

3. False (should include "te")

Exercise 10: Sample Paragraph[edit | edit source]

In my daily routine, ngai na tanga te (I do not read), ngai na kolia te (I do not eat), and ngai na yaka te (I do not come). These sentences illustrate my busy schedule where I sometimes forget to do these activities.

In conclusion, mastering negation in Lingala opens the door to expressing your thoughts more freely and accurately. As you practice these structures and integrate them into your conversations, you'll find your confidence growing. Keep practicing, and soon you'll be comfortable using negation without a second thought!

Table of Contents - Lingala Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Conjugation


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Lingala Culture and Traditions


Professions and Hobbies


Questions and Interrogatives


Daily Routines and Activities


Imperatives and Commands

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Irregular Verbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Family Members ▶️

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