Difference between revisions of "Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Past-Tense"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-kurdish|Central Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Central-kurdish|Central Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense</div>
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== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==


In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Central Kurdish. The past tense is used to express actions and events that happened in the past. By learning this tense, you will be able to tell stories, discuss historical events, and talk about past experiences. The past tense is an essential component of the Kurdish language, and mastering it will help you become more fluent in your conversational skills.
In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of the past tense in Central Kurdish. The past tense is an essential aspect of the Kurdish language as it allows us to express actions and events that have occurred in the past. Understanding how to form and use the past tense will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Kurdish.  


=== Why Learn the Past Tense? ===
Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various forms of the past tense, including regular and irregular verbs. We will also examine the different ways to express duration and completion of past actions. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of the past tense in Central Kurdish and be able to construct sentences to discuss past events.


Understanding the past tense is crucial for communicating effectively in Kurdish. By using the past tense correctly, you can express actions and events that took place in the past with accuracy and specificity. Being able to do so can help you in a variety of contexts, from narrating personal stories to discussing historical events, to communicating about facts related to the past. In addition, the past tense is essential in expressing time-related concepts, such as describing when something happened or how long ago a specific event occurred.
== Regular Past Tense Verbs ==


=== Objectives ===
Let's begin by looking at how to form the past tense for regular verbs in Central Kurdish. Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the past tense. To form the past tense, we typically add a specific suffix to the verb stem according to the verb's class. There are four verb classes in Central Kurdish, each with its own set of conjugation rules.


By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
=== Verb Class 1 ===
Verbs in Class 1 end in "-în" in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we remove the "-în" ending and add the appropriate suffix. The past tense suffixes for Class 1 verbs are as follows:


- Form the past tense in Central Kurdish
{| class="wikitable"
- Understand the difference between regular and irregular verbs in the past tense
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
- Use the past tense to describe events and actions in the Kurdish language
|-
| کڕین || kerin || to do
|-
| کڕ || kir || did
|-
| کردم || kirdim || I did
|-
| کردی || kirdî || you did
|-
| کرد || kird || he/she did
|-
| کردن || kirdin || we did
|-
| کردنی || kirdinî || you (plural) did
|-
| کردن || kirdin || they did
|}


== Forming the Past Tense ==
=== Verb Class 2 ===
Class 2 verbs end in "-iy" in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we remove the "-iy" ending and add the appropriate suffix. The past tense suffixes for Class 2 verbs are as follows:


The past tense in Central Kurdish is formed by adding certain suffixes to the verb root. The specific suffixes used depend on the gender and number of the subject performing the action. There are two different kinds of verbs in Central Kurdish: regular and irregular verbs. Regular verbs have a fixed pattern of suffixes applied to the verb stem, depending on the gender and number of the subject, while irregular verbs have unique suffixes or changes made to their verb stem to form the past tense correctly.
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| چون || çûn || to go
|-
| چوو || çû || went
|-
| چووم || çûm || I went
|-
| چووی || çûyî || you went
|-
| چوو || çû || he/she went
|-
| چوون || çûn || we went
|-
| چوونی || çûnî || you (plural) went
|-
| چوون || çûn || they went
|}


=== Regular Verbs ===
=== Verb Class 3 ===
 
Class 3 verbs end in a consonant in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we add the appropriate suffix directly to the verb stem. The past tense suffixes for Class 3 verbs are as follows:
For regular verbs, the indicative past tense suffixes are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Person !! Masculine Suffix !! Feminine Suffix
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| 1st Singular || -t || -t
| دانستن || danestin || to know
|-
|-
| 2nd Singular || -î || -î
| دانست || danest || knew
|-
|-
| 3rd Singular Masculine || -a || -at
| دانستم || danestim || I knew
|-
|-
| 3rd Singular Feminine || -î || -it
| دانستی || danestî || you knew
|-
|-
| 1st Plural || -na || -en
| دانست || danest || he/she knew
|-
|-
| 2nd Plural || -tun || -tun
| دانستن || danestin || we knew
|-
|-
| 3rd Plural || -ûn || -in
| دانستنی || danestinî || you (plural) knew
|-
| دانستن || danestin || they knew
|}
|}


Here are some examples of regular verbs in the past tense:
=== Verb Class 4 ===
Class 4 verbs end in "-wîn" in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we remove the "-wîn" ending and add the appropriate suffix. The past tense suffixes for Class 4 verbs are as follows:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| min rûda-t || [mɪn ɾuːda-t] || I walked
| خوێندن || xwendin || to read
|-
|-
| tu rûda-î || [tu ɾuːda-ɪ] || You walked
| خوێند || xwend || read
|-
|-
| ew rûda-a || [ɛw ɾuːda-a] || He walked
| خوێندم || xwendim || I read
|-
|-
| ew rûda-ît || [ɛw ɾuːda-ɪt] || She walked
| خوێندی || xwendî || you read
|-
|-
| em rûda-na || [ɛm ɾuːda-na] || We walked
| خوێند || xwend || he/she read
|-
|-
| hûn rûda-tun || [huːn ɾuːda-tun] || You walked (pl)
| خوێندن || xwendin || we read
|-
|-
| ew rûda-ûn || [ɛw ɾuːda-uːn] || They walked
| خوێندنی || xwendinî || you (plural) read
|-
| خوێندن || xwendin || they read
|}
|}


As you can see, the masculine and feminine suffixes are similar in the first and second person singular, and third person plural. In the third person singular, masculine and feminine suffixes are different. For the first person plural, the suffixes are -na for the masculine gender, and -en for the feminine gender. Additionally, for the second person plural, -tun is used for both masculine and feminine subjects, whereas for the third person plural, -ûn is used for masculine subjects, and -in for feminine subjects.
=== Examples ===
 
Now let's look at some examples of regular verbs conjugated in the past tense:
 
==== Class 1 ====
 
# کتاب خوێندن
: کتاب خوێندم.
: I read a book.
 
# گەلی هەڵگرتن
: گەلی هەڵگرت.
: He danced.
 
==== Class 2 ====
 
# سەردێڕ کردن
: سەردێڕ کردم.
: I fell.
 
# شتێک خەرکردن
: شتێک خەرکرد.
: They laughed.
 
==== Class 3 ====
 
# بڵاوکردن
: بڵاوکردم.
: I enjoyed.


=== Irregular Verbs ===
# گەرمکردن
: گەرمکرد.
: He warmed up.


Irregular verbs are more difficult to conjugate in the past tense since they have unique root words for the past tense. In contrast to regular verbs, which follow a consistent pattern for conjugation, each irregular verb has its own unique pattern of changes in order to form the past tense correctly. Here are some examples of irregular verbs in the past tense:
==== Class 4 ====
 
# نامە نووسین
: نامە نووسم.
: I wrote a letter.
 
# پێویستن
: پێویست.
: We needed.
 
== Irregular Past Tense Verbs ==
 
While regular verbs in Central Kurdish follow a predictable pattern in the past tense, there are also many irregular verbs that do not follow the standard conjugation rules. These irregular verbs have unique conjugation patterns that must be memorized. Here are some common irregular verbs and their past tense forms:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| hatin || [hɑ:tɪn] || came (to come)
| دەستکاریکردن || destkarkirin || to work
|-
|-
| kirin || [kiːrɪn] || did (to do)
| دەستکاریکرد || destkarkir || worked
|-
|-
| derbas bûn || [dɛɾbɑs buːn] || became (to become)
| دەستکاریکردم || destkarkirdim || I worked
|-
|-
| bûn || [bu:n] || was (to be)
| دەستکاریکردی || destkarkirdî || you worked
|-
|-
| kirr || [kiːr] || said (to say)
| دەستکاریکرد || destkarkir || he/she worked
|-
|-
| agahî dan || [ɑ:ɣɑhi:dæn] || informed (to inform)
| دەستکاریکردن || destkarkirin || we worked
|-
| دەستکاریکردنی || destkarkirinî || you (plural) worked
|-
| دەستکاریکردن || destkarkirin || they worked
|}
|}


When using such irregular verbs in the past tense, it is necessary to memorize the changes made to the root word. Fortunately, since these verbs are some of the most commonly used in Central Kurdish, you will quickly become more familiar with their specific forms.
=== Examples ===
 
Let's see some examples of irregular verbs conjugated in the past tense:


== Using the Past Tense ==
# دەستکاریکردن
: دەستکاریکردم.
: I worked.


After you learn the formation of the past tense, now you can start utilizing it in your sentences. One of the most crucial aspects of using the past tense correctly is to be able to differentiate between past and present forms. Here are some examples of the past tense in action:
# بڵاوکردن
: بڵاوکرد.
: He enjoyed.


* "Min êdî li bajarê Erbiyê niya." - I no longer live in Erbil.
== Duration and Completion of Past Actions ==
* "Tu demekî dirêj bûyî hêviya min." - You were my hope for a long time.
* "Ew zarokên xwe li dibistanê hînî ne." - His children are still in school.
* "Ew di sala 2002an de hate Erbiyê." - He came to Erbil in 2002.


As you can see, the past tense is used to express a variety of situations where the action has already taken place. Whether it's describing a place or a condition in the past or telling a story of a past event, the past tense is essential in Kurdish language for accurate and detailed communication.
In Central Kurdish, we can express the duration and completion of past actions using specific words and phrases. Here are some examples:


== Conclusion ==
* "دووچرکردن" (dûçerkirin) - to finish
* "ڕۆژتر" (rojtar) - yesterday
* "پێشوو" (pêşû) - before
* "دوای" (dawî) - after


The past tense in Central Kurdish is a fundamental aspect of fluent communication. Understanding how to conjugate verbs and use suffixes correctly can help you become more proficient in your Kurdish conversational skills. This lesson has introduced you to the concept of the past tense and has shown you how to form and use it correctly in both regular and irregular verbs. With practice, you can now utilize this knowledge to better articulate past events and ideas effectively.
=== Examples ===


# دووچرکردن
: من کۆتاییەکی پێشوو دووچرکرد.
: I finished a task before.
# ڕۆژتر
: دەمەوێنتەوە ڕۆژتر.
: They arrived yesterday.
# پێشوو
: ئەو پێشوو دەرچوو لە مێوبەجۆ و دووشەمی یەکەمی چوووندەوە.
: They left before the wedding and the second dance.
# دوای
: دوای خۆمان دەرچوو لە مێوبەجۆ و دووشەمی یەکەمی چوووندەوە.
: We left after the wedding and the second dance.
== Cultural Insights ==
The past tense is an integral part of Kurdish culture and language. Understanding how to express past actions allows us to recount historical events, share personal experiences, and engage in storytelling. Kurdish culture has a rich tradition of oral history, and the past tense plays a crucial role in preserving and passing down these narratives from one generation to the next.
It is also interesting to note that regional variations exist in the usage and understanding of the past tense in Central Kurdish. Different dialects within the Kurdish language may have slight variations in verb conjugations and usage. These variations are often influenced by historical, cultural, and geographical factors. For example, the Sorani dialect, spoken primarily in Iraqi Kurdistan, may have different past tense forms compared to the Kurmanji dialect, spoken in Turkey and Syria.
== Exercises ==
1. Conjugate the following regular verbs in the past tense:
* کتاب خوێندن (to read a book)
* دەستکاریکردن (to work)
* نووسین (to write)
* دەرکردن (to do)
* خەولاندن (to sleep)
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the given verbs:
* دەستکاریکردن:
    * ئەو کارە ______________.
    * ئەوان کارێکی ______________.
* گۆڕکردن:
    * ئەو کۆتاییە ______________.
    * ئەوان کۆتاییەکی ______________.
   
3. Translate the following sentences from English to Central Kurdish:
* I went to the market yesterday.
* They danced all night.
* We read a book before.
* He enjoyed the movie after.
== Solutions ==
1. Conjugation of regular verbs in the past tense:
* کتاب خوێندن:
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| کتاب خوێندم || ketab xwendim || I read a book
|-
| کتاب خوێندی || ketab xwendî || you read a book
|-
| کتاب خوێند || ketab xwend || he/she read a book
|-
| کتاب خوێندن || ketab xwendin || we read a book
|-
| کتاب خوێندنی || ketab xwendinî || you (plural) read a book
|-
| کتاب خوێندن || ketab xwendin || they read a book
|}
* دەستکاریکردن:
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| دەستکاریکردم || destkarkirdim || I worked
|-
| دەستکاریکردی || destkarkirdî || you worked
|-
| دەستکاریکرد || destkarkir || he/she worked
|-
| دەستکاریکردن || destkarkirin || we worked
|-
| دەستکاریکردنی || destkarkirinî || you (plural) worked
|-
| دەستکاریکردن || destkarkirin || they worked
|}
* نووسین:
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| نووسم || nûsim || I wrote
|-
| نووسی || nûsî || you wrote
|-
| نووس || nûs || he/she wrote
|-
| نووسن || nûsin || we wrote
|-
| نووسنی || nûsinî || you (plural) wrote
|-
| نووسن || nûsin || they wrote
|}
* دەرکردن:
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| دەرکردم || derkirdim || I did
|-
| دەرکردی || derkirdî || you did
|-
| دەرکرد || derkird || he/she did
|-
| دەرکردن || derkirdin || we did
|-
| دەرکردنی || derkirdinî || you (plural) did
|-
| دەرکردن || derkirdin || they did
|}
* خەولاندن:
{| class="wikitable"
! Central Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| خەولاندم || xelandim || I slept
|-
| خەولاندی || xelandî || you slept
|-
| خەولاند || xeland || he/she slept
|-
| خەولاندن || xelandin || we slept
|-
| خەولاندنی || xelandinî || you (plural) slept
|-
| خەولاندن || xelandin || they slept
|}
2. Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the given verbs:
* دەستکاریکردن:
    * ئەو کارە دەستکاریکرد.
    * ئەوان کارێکی دەستکاریکردن.
* گۆڕکردن:
    * ئەو کۆتاییە گۆڕکرد.
    * ئەوان کۆتاییەکی گۆڕکردن.
3. Translation of sentences from English to Central Kurdish:
* I went to the market yesterday.
: من دیروستەوە بوازەرگا.
* They danced all night.
: ئەوان شێوانی شانەکەمانیان کرد.
* We read a book before.
: مێوبەجۆ پێشوو ئەو کتێبە خوێند.
* He enjoyed the movie after.
: ئەوانی ڵەبێت پاش ______________.


<span link>With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Possessive Pronouns]] & [[Language/Central-kurdish/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Central Kurdish Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense lessons
|title=Central Kurdish Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense
|keywords=Central Kurdish, Kurdish, Kurdish language, Kurdish course, learn Kurdish, Kurdish lessons, past tense, verbs, tenses
|keywords=Central Kurdish, Kurdish grammar, past tense, regular verbs, irregular verbs, cultural insights
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to form and use the past tense in Central Kurdish, understand the difference between regular and irregular verbs in the past tense, and use the past tense to describe events and actions in the Kurdish language.
|description=Learn how to form and use the past tense in Central Kurdish. This lesson will teach you how to express actions and events that happened in the past in the Kurdish language.
}}


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Latest revision as of 03:54, 22 June 2023

◀️ Present Tense — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Common Food Items ▶️

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Central Kurdish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of the past tense in Central Kurdish. The past tense is an essential aspect of the Kurdish language as it allows us to express actions and events that have occurred in the past. Understanding how to form and use the past tense will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively in Kurdish.

Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various forms of the past tense, including regular and irregular verbs. We will also examine the different ways to express duration and completion of past actions. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid grasp of the past tense in Central Kurdish and be able to construct sentences to discuss past events.

Regular Past Tense Verbs[edit | edit source]

Let's begin by looking at how to form the past tense for regular verbs in Central Kurdish. Regular verbs follow a predictable pattern when conjugated in the past tense. To form the past tense, we typically add a specific suffix to the verb stem according to the verb's class. There are four verb classes in Central Kurdish, each with its own set of conjugation rules.

Verb Class 1[edit | edit source]

Verbs in Class 1 end in "-în" in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we remove the "-în" ending and add the appropriate suffix. The past tense suffixes for Class 1 verbs are as follows:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
کڕین kerin to do
کڕ kir did
کردم kirdim I did
کردی kirdî you did
کرد kird he/she did
کردن kirdin we did
کردنی kirdinî you (plural) did
کردن kirdin they did

Verb Class 2[edit | edit source]

Class 2 verbs end in "-iy" in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we remove the "-iy" ending and add the appropriate suffix. The past tense suffixes for Class 2 verbs are as follows:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
چون çûn to go
چوو çû went
چووم çûm I went
چووی çûyî you went
چوو çû he/she went
چوون çûn we went
چوونی çûnî you (plural) went
چوون çûn they went

Verb Class 3[edit | edit source]

Class 3 verbs end in a consonant in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we add the appropriate suffix directly to the verb stem. The past tense suffixes for Class 3 verbs are as follows:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
دانستن danestin to know
دانست danest knew
دانستم danestim I knew
دانستی danestî you knew
دانست danest he/she knew
دانستن danestin we knew
دانستنی danestinî you (plural) knew
دانستن danestin they knew

Verb Class 4[edit | edit source]

Class 4 verbs end in "-wîn" in the infinitive form. To conjugate these verbs in the past tense, we remove the "-wîn" ending and add the appropriate suffix. The past tense suffixes for Class 4 verbs are as follows:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
خوێندن xwendin to read
خوێند xwend read
خوێندم xwendim I read
خوێندی xwendî you read
خوێند xwend he/she read
خوێندن xwendin we read
خوێندنی xwendinî you (plural) read
خوێندن xwendin they read

Examples[edit | edit source]

Now let's look at some examples of regular verbs conjugated in the past tense:

Class 1[edit | edit source]

  1. کتاب خوێندن
کتاب خوێندم.
I read a book.
  1. گەلی هەڵگرتن
گەلی هەڵگرت.
He danced.

Class 2[edit | edit source]

  1. سەردێڕ کردن
سەردێڕ کردم.
I fell.
  1. شتێک خەرکردن
شتێک خەرکرد.
They laughed.

Class 3[edit | edit source]

  1. بڵاوکردن
بڵاوکردم.
I enjoyed.
  1. گەرمکردن
گەرمکرد.
He warmed up.

Class 4[edit | edit source]

  1. نامە نووسین
نامە نووسم.
I wrote a letter.
  1. پێویستن
پێویست.
We needed.

Irregular Past Tense Verbs[edit | edit source]

While regular verbs in Central Kurdish follow a predictable pattern in the past tense, there are also many irregular verbs that do not follow the standard conjugation rules. These irregular verbs have unique conjugation patterns that must be memorized. Here are some common irregular verbs and their past tense forms:

Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
دەستکاریکردن destkarkirin to work
دەستکاریکرد destkarkir worked
دەستکاریکردم destkarkirdim I worked
دەستکاریکردی destkarkirdî you worked
دەستکاریکرد destkarkir he/she worked
دەستکاریکردن destkarkirin we worked
دەستکاریکردنی destkarkirinî you (plural) worked
دەستکاریکردن destkarkirin they worked

Examples[edit | edit source]

Let's see some examples of irregular verbs conjugated in the past tense:

  1. دەستکاریکردن
دەستکاریکردم.
I worked.
  1. بڵاوکردن
بڵاوکرد.
He enjoyed.

Duration and Completion of Past Actions[edit | edit source]

In Central Kurdish, we can express the duration and completion of past actions using specific words and phrases. Here are some examples:

  • "دووچرکردن" (dûçerkirin) - to finish
  • "ڕۆژتر" (rojtar) - yesterday
  • "پێشوو" (pêşû) - before
  • "دوای" (dawî) - after

Examples[edit | edit source]

  1. دووچرکردن
من کۆتاییەکی پێشوو دووچرکرد.
I finished a task before.
  1. ڕۆژتر
دەمەوێنتەوە ڕۆژتر.
They arrived yesterday.
  1. پێشوو
ئەو پێشوو دەرچوو لە مێوبەجۆ و دووشەمی یەکەمی چوووندەوە.
They left before the wedding and the second dance.
  1. دوای
دوای خۆمان دەرچوو لە مێوبەجۆ و دووشەمی یەکەمی چوووندەوە.
We left after the wedding and the second dance.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The past tense is an integral part of Kurdish culture and language. Understanding how to express past actions allows us to recount historical events, share personal experiences, and engage in storytelling. Kurdish culture has a rich tradition of oral history, and the past tense plays a crucial role in preserving and passing down these narratives from one generation to the next.

It is also interesting to note that regional variations exist in the usage and understanding of the past tense in Central Kurdish. Different dialects within the Kurdish language may have slight variations in verb conjugations and usage. These variations are often influenced by historical, cultural, and geographical factors. For example, the Sorani dialect, spoken primarily in Iraqi Kurdistan, may have different past tense forms compared to the Kurmanji dialect, spoken in Turkey and Syria.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

1. Conjugate the following regular verbs in the past tense:

  • کتاب خوێندن (to read a book)
  • دەستکاریکردن (to work)
  • نووسین (to write)
  • دەرکردن (to do)
  • خەولاندن (to sleep)

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the given verbs:

  • دەستکاریکردن:
   * ئەو کارە ______________.
   * ئەوان کارێکی ______________.
  • گۆڕکردن:
   * ئەو کۆتاییە ______________.
   * ئەوان کۆتاییەکی ______________.

3. Translate the following sentences from English to Central Kurdish:

  • I went to the market yesterday.
  • They danced all night.
  • We read a book before.
  • He enjoyed the movie after.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Conjugation of regular verbs in the past tense:

  • کتاب خوێندن:
Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
کتاب خوێندم ketab xwendim I read a book
کتاب خوێندی ketab xwendî you read a book
کتاب خوێند ketab xwend he/she read a book
کتاب خوێندن ketab xwendin we read a book
کتاب خوێندنی ketab xwendinî you (plural) read a book
کتاب خوێندن ketab xwendin they read a book
  • دەستکاریکردن:
Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
دەستکاریکردم destkarkirdim I worked
دەستکاریکردی destkarkirdî you worked
دەستکاریکرد destkarkir he/she worked
دەستکاریکردن destkarkirin we worked
دەستکاریکردنی destkarkirinî you (plural) worked
دەستکاریکردن destkarkirin they worked
  • نووسین:
Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
نووسم nûsim I wrote
نووسی nûsî you wrote
نووس nûs he/she wrote
نووسن nûsin we wrote
نووسنی nûsinî you (plural) wrote
نووسن nûsin they wrote
  • دەرکردن:
Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
دەرکردم derkirdim I did
دەرکردی derkirdî you did
دەرکرد derkird he/she did
دەرکردن derkirdin we did
دەرکردنی derkirdinî you (plural) did
دەرکردن derkirdin they did
  • خەولاندن:
Central Kurdish Pronunciation English
خەولاندم xelandim I slept
خەولاندی xelandî you slept
خەولاند xeland he/she slept
خەولاندن xelandin we slept
خەولاندنی xelandinî you (plural) slept
خەولاندن xelandin they slept

2. Fill in the blanks with the correct past tense form of the given verbs:

  • دەستکاریکردن:
   * ئەو کارە دەستکاریکرد.
   * ئەوان کارێکی دەستکاریکردن.
  • گۆڕکردن:
   * ئەو کۆتاییە گۆڕکرد.
   * ئەوان کۆتاییەکی گۆڕکردن.

3. Translation of sentences from English to Central Kurdish:

  • I went to the market yesterday.
من دیروستەوە بوازەرگا.
  • They danced all night.
ئەوان شێوانی شانەکەمانیان کرد.
  • We read a book before.
مێوبەجۆ پێشوو ئەو کتێبە خوێند.
  • He enjoyed the movie after.
ئەوانی ڵەبێت پاش ______________.

{{#seo: |title=Central Kurdish Grammar → Verbs and Tenses → Past Tense |keywords=Central Kurdish, Kurdish grammar, past tense, regular verbs, irregular verbs, cultural insights |description=Learn how to form and use the past tense in Central Kurdish. This lesson will teach you how to express actions and events that happened in the past in the Kurdish language.

Table of Contents - Central Kurdish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Basic Greetings


Pronouns and Nouns


Numbers and Counting


Basic Sentence Structure


Time and Dates


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Housing and Accommodations


Central Kurdish Culture and Society



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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