Difference between revisions of "Language/Javanese/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns</div>


__TOC__
== Introduction ==


== Introduction ==
Welcome to the Javanese Grammar lesson on personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the personal pronouns used in the Javanese language and how to use them in sentences to refer to different people or things. Personal pronouns are essential in any language as they allow us to communicate and refer to ourselves and others. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Javanese personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.


In this lesson, you will learn about personal pronouns in Javanese. Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns and are used to refer to different people or things. Personal pronouns, in particular, refer to individuals or groups of people in a sentence, and are essential in everyday conversations.
To ensure a comprehensive understanding, this lesson will cover various aspects of personal pronouns, including their forms, usage, and how they relate to Javanese sentence structure. We will also provide plenty of examples and exercises to practice what you learn. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations or historical influences on personal pronoun usage, as well as share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to this topic.


Mastering personal pronouns is crucial for building fluency, as they are heavily used in both written and spoken Javanese. The use of personal pronouns reflects cultural identity and social status, making it an important aspect of communication in Javanese culture.
Let's dive into the fascinating world of Javanese personal pronouns!


In this lesson, we will cover the different personal pronouns in Javanese, including their usage in sentences depending on the context. We will also provide cultural insights and interesting facts related to the use of personal pronouns in Javanese language and culture.
__TOC__


== Forms of Personal Pronouns ==


<span link>Take a moment to explore these relevant pages as you conclude this lesson: [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]] & [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives|Descriptive Adjectives]].</span>
Javanese personal pronouns are used to replace nouns or noun phrases in a sentence. They reflect the grammatical person, number, and gender of the noun they replace. Unlike English, Javanese personal pronouns have different forms based on the level of formality, politeness, and familiarity. The Javanese personal pronouns can be divided into three categories: first person, second person, and third person.
== Javanese Personal Pronouns ==


Javanese personal pronouns are divided into three categories: singular, dual, and plural. The singular category addresses a single individual, the dual category addresses two individuals, and the plural category addresses three or more individuals.
=== First Person Pronouns ===


=== Singular Personal Pronouns ===
First person pronouns refer to the speaker or the group the speaker belongs to. In Javanese, there are different forms for singular and plural first person pronouns.


The singular personal pronouns in Javanese are as follows:
Here are the Javanese first person pronouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| aku  || /a.ku/  || I, me
| Aku || ['aku] || I, me (singular)
|-
|-
| kowe  || /ko.wə/  || you (informal)
| Kula || ['kula] || I, me (formal)
|-
|-
| panjenengan || /paɲ.d͡ʒɛ.naŋ.ɡan/ || you (formal)
| Kita || ['kita] || We, us (inclusive)
|-
|-
| ana || /a.na/ || he/she/it
| Kita || ['kita] || We, us (exclusive)
|}
|}


* "Aku" is the informal first-person singular pronoun commonly used in casual conversations. It is equivalent to the English "I" or "me."
In Javanese, "aku" is the most commonly used first person singular pronoun, while "kula" is a more formal or polite alternative. "Kita" is the first person plural pronoun, which can be used to refer to both inclusive and exclusive "we." When used inclusively, "kita" refers to "we" including the listener, while when used exclusively, it refers to "we" excluding the listener.
* "Kowe" is the informal second-person singular pronoun used when addressing a close friend or acquaintance. It is equivalent to the English "you."
 
* "Panjenengan" is the formal second-person singular pronoun used to show respect towards someone who is older or in a higher social position. It is equivalent to the English "you."
Let's see these pronouns in action:
* "Ana" is the third-person singular pronoun that refers to a person, object, or animal. It is equivalent to the English "he," "she," or "it."
 
* Aku saka Jawa. (I am from Java.)
* Kula pengin ngerti basa Jawa. (I want to learn Javanese.)
* Kita arep mlaku menyang pasar. (We are going to the market.)
* Kita ora bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We won't meet you here.)
 
=== Second Person Pronouns ===


=== Dual Personal Pronouns ===
Second person pronouns are used to refer to the person or people being spoken to. Similar to first person pronouns, Javanese second person pronouns also have different forms based on the level of formality and politeness.


The dual personal pronouns in Javanese are as follows:
Here are the Javanese second person pronouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| kithu || /ki.tʰu/ || we (you and I)
| Sampeyan || [sam'pɛjan] || You (formal)
|-
| kadhewe || /kɔ.d̪ʱɛ.wɛ/ || you (two)  
|-
|-
| sampeyan || /sampɛ.jɔn/ || you (formal and one more person)
| Kowé || ['kəwe] || You (informal)
|-
|-
| tangane || /tɔ.ŋan.ɛ/ || he/she/it (two of them)
| Kowe || ['kəwɛ] || You (informal)
|}
|}


* "Kithu" refers to "we" when addressing someone you are familiar with. It is equivalent to the English "you and I."
In Javanese, "sampeyan" is the formal second person pronoun, used to show respect and politeness. "Kowé" or "kowe" is the informal second person pronoun, used among friends, family, or people of the same age group. "Kowé" is considered slightly more formal than "kowe."
* "Kadhewe" denotes "you two" when addressing two individuals. It is equivalent to the English "you two."
* "Sampeyan" is an honorific way of addressing two people. It is equivalent to the plural form of "panjenengan."
* "Tangane" refers to the third-person dual pronoun that refers to two people, objects, or animals. It is equivalent to the English "they."


=== Plural Personal Pronouns ===
Let's see these pronouns in action:


The plural personal pronouns in Javanese are as follows:
* Sampeyan sapa? (Who are you?)
* Kowé saka Manado? (Are you from Manado?)
* Kowe wis takon tetangga? (Have you asked the neighbor?)
 
=== Third Person Pronouns ===
 
Third person pronouns are used to refer to someone or something that is not the speaker or the listener. Like the first and second person pronouns, Javanese third person pronouns also have multiple forms based on the level of formality and politeness.
 
Here are the Javanese third person pronouns:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| kita || /ki.tə/ || we (inclusive)
| Iki || ['iki] || This, he, she, it
|-
|-
| awakku || /a.wak.ku/ || we (exclusive)
| Kene || ['kɛnɛ] || Here, he, she, it
|-
|-
| kowé kabeh || /ko.wə ka.bəh/ || you all
| Sakumna || [sa'kumna] || There, he, she, it
|-
| sampeyan || /sampɛ.jɔn/ || you all (formal)
|-
| marang wonge || /ma.raŋ wɔ.ŋɛ/ || they
|}
|}


* "Kita" refers to "we" as a group that includes the listener, and is commonly used in collective conversations. It is equivalent to the English "we."
In Javanese, "iki" is used to refer to someone or something close to the speaker. "Kene" is used to refer to someone or something close to the listener. "Sakumna" is used to refer to someone or something far from both the speaker and the listener.
* "Awakku" denotes "we" as a group that does not include the listener. It is equivalent to the English "we."
 
* "Kowé kabeh" addresses a group of people informally. It is equivalent to the English "you all."
Let's see these pronouns in action:
* "Sampeyan" is an honorific way of addressing a group of people. It is the formal plural form of "panjenengan."
 
* "Marang wonge" refers to "they" and includes multiple people, objects or animals. It is equivalent to the English "they."
* Iki barang anyar. (This is a new item.)
* Kene wong kang bade teka. (Here comes the person you've been waiting for.)
* Sakumna ora ana sing ngerti. (There is no one who understands.)


== Usage of Personal Pronouns ==
== Usage of Personal Pronouns ==


Personal pronouns are used in Javanese to refer to individuals or groups in sentences. The usage of personal pronouns depends on the context and the level of formality of the conversation.
Now that we have covered the different forms of Javanese personal pronouns, let's explore how to use them in sentences. Understanding the usage of personal pronouns is crucial for effective communication in Javanese.


In Javanese, personal pronouns can be used as the subject, object, or possessive form of a sentence. For example, "Aku kowe" translates to "I (am) you" in English, whereas "Kowe aku" translates to "You (are) me." The context and sentence structure can convey different meanings in Javanese.
=== Using Personal Pronouns as Subjects ===


Furthermore, the use of personal pronouns reflects social hierarchy and can indicate the level of respect towards the speaker or the listener. It is important to be aware of the social dynamics and cultural nuances when using personal pronouns in Javanese.
In Javanese, personal pronouns can be used as subjects of a sentence. When a personal pronoun is used as a subject, it replaces the noun that would typically be the subject of the sentence. Let's look at some examples:


For example, the use of "panjenengan" implies a higher level of social status and respect than "kowe." In formal situations, it is common to use "panjenengan" to address someone who is in a higher social rank or to show respect towards an elderly person. Meanwhile, "kita" and "awakku" denote different levels of inclusiveness when referring to a group of people.
* Aku mangan. (I eat.)
* Kula arep nulis. (I am going to write.)
* Kita pindhah menyang kutha. (We are moving to the city.)
* Sampeyan duwe waktu luang? (Do you have free time?)
* Kowé wis takon tetangga? (Have you asked the neighbor?)
* Iki barang anyar. (This is a new item.)


== Interesting facts ==
In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are used as the subjects, replacing the nouns that would represent the same meaning.


- Javanese language has a unique form of personal pronouns that includes dual forms. This is because the Javanese culture gives importance to the concept of "dua sejoli," which means "two souls in one love." The dual personal pronouns are used to emphasize the intimate relationship between two people, such as a couple.
=== Using Personal Pronouns as Objects ===
- The use of personal pronouns reflects social status and hierarchy in Javanese culture. It is common for people to use personal pronouns that indicate their position in society, such as "aku" for lower class individuals and "panjenengan" for higher class individuals.
 
- Personal pronouns are also used to indicate the level of familiarity and closeness between the speaker and the listener. For example, using "kowe" between friends indicates a close relationship, whereas using "panjenengan" implies a formal and respectful relationship.
Javanese personal pronouns can also be used as objects in a sentence. When a personal pronoun is used as an object, it replaces the noun that would typically be the object of the sentence. Let's see some examples:
 
* Aku melu menyang pasar. (I am going to the market.)
* Kula ngerti basa Jawa. (I understand Javanese.)
* Kita bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We will meet you here.)
* Sampeyan wis mangan? (Have you eaten?)
* Kowé duwe kabeh sing dadi? (Do you have everything you need?)
* Iki sing tak bali. (This is what I bought.)
 
In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are used as objects, replacing the nouns that would have the same meaning.
 
=== Using Personal Pronouns with Possessive Pronouns ===
 
Personal pronouns can also be used in combination with possessive pronouns to indicate ownership or possession. The possessive pronouns in Javanese agree with the person and number of the noun they modify. Let's see some examples:
 
* Aku pitungipun. (This is mine.)
* Kula dalanipun. (This is mine.)
* Kita pitungipun. (This is ours.)
* Sampeyan pitungipun. (This is yours.)
* Kowé pitungipun. (This is yours.)
* Iki pitungipun. (This is his/hers/its.)
 
In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are combined with the possessive pronoun "pitungipun" to indicate ownership or possession.
 
=== Using Personal Pronouns with Verbs ===
 
Personal pronouns can also be used with verbs to indicate the subject of the action. In Javanese, verbs are conjugated based on the person and number of the subject. Let's see some examples:
 
* Aku mangan. (I eat.)
* Kula nulis. (I write.)
* Kita pindhah menyang kutha. (We are moving to the city.)
* Sampeyan mangan. (You eat.)
* Kowé nulis. (You write.)
* Iki mangan. (He/She/It eats.)
 
In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are used with verbs to indicate the subject of the action.
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
The usage of personal pronouns in Javanese is influenced by cultural norms and social hierarchies. Javanese society places great emphasis on respect, politeness, and maintaining harmonious relationships. As a result, the choice of personal pronouns can vary based on the formalities and politeness levels required in different social contexts.
 
In formal or professional settings, it is common to use more polite or formal pronouns like "kula" and "sampeyan" to show respect to superiors or elders. These pronouns reflect the values of deference and hierarchy deeply ingrained in Javanese culture.
 
On the other hand, when speaking with close friends, family members, or people of the same age group, it is more common to use less formal pronouns like "aku," "kowé," or "kowe." These pronouns reflect a sense of familiarity, intimacy, and equality in relationships.
 
Understanding and using the appropriate personal pronouns based on the social context is crucial for effective communication and building rapport in Javanese-speaking communities.
 
== Exercises ==
 
Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of Javanese personal pronouns. Try to answer the questions or complete the sentences using the correct pronouns. Solutions and explanations will be provided afterward.
 
1. __________ saka Jawa. (I am from Java.)
2. __________ pengin ngerti basa Jawa. (I want to learn Javanese.)
3. __________ arep mlaku menyang pasar. (We are going to the market.)
4. __________ ora bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We won't meet you here.)
5. __________ sapa? (Who are you?)
6. __________ saka Manado? (Are you from Manado?)
7. __________ wis takon tetangga? (Have you asked the neighbor?)
8. __________ mangan. (I eat.)
9. __________ ngerti basa Jawa. (I understand Javanese.)
10. __________ bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We will meet you here.)
 
== Solutions ==
 
1. Aku saka Jawa.
2. Kula pengin ngerti basa Jawa.
3. Kita arep mlaku menyang pasar.
4. Kita ora bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene.
5. Sampeyan sapa?
6. Kowé saka Manado?
7. Kowe wis takon tetangga.
8. Aku mangan.
9. Kula ngerti basa Jawa.
10. Kita bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene.
 
== Conclusion ==
 
Congratulations on completing the Javanese Grammar lesson on personal pronouns! You have learned the different forms and usage of Javanese personal pronouns, as well as their cultural significance. By using personal pronouns correctly, you can enhance your communication skills and navigate social interactions more effectively in Javanese-speaking communities.
 
Don't forget to practice using personal pronouns in your conversations to reinforce your learning. The more you practice, the more natural and fluent you will become in using Javanese personal pronouns.
 
Keep up the great work and continue your journey to mastering the Javanese language!


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|title=Javanese Grammar → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns
|keywords=Learn Javanese, Javanese Personal Pronouns, Javanese Language, Javanese Culture
|keywords=Javanese grammar, Javanese personal pronouns, Javanese language, Javanese course, Javanese lessons
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about personal pronouns in Javanese. Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns and are used to refer to different people or things. Personal pronouns, in particular, refer to individuals or groups of people in a sentence, and are essential in everyday conversations.
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about Javanese personal pronouns and how to use them to refer to different people or things. Explore the forms, usage, and cultural insights of Javanese personal pronouns.
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==Sources==
* [http://mylanguages.org/javanese_pronouns.php Javanese Pronouns]
 
 


==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]


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==Sources==
* [http://mylanguages.org/javanese_pronouns.php Javanese Pronouns]


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Latest revision as of 00:35, 22 June 2023

◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Possessive Pronouns ▶️

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JavaneseGrammar0 to A1 Course → Nouns and Pronouns → Personal Pronouns

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the Javanese Grammar lesson on personal pronouns! In this lesson, we will explore the personal pronouns used in the Javanese language and how to use them in sentences to refer to different people or things. Personal pronouns are essential in any language as they allow us to communicate and refer to ourselves and others. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of Javanese personal pronouns and be able to use them confidently in your conversations.

To ensure a comprehensive understanding, this lesson will cover various aspects of personal pronouns, including their forms, usage, and how they relate to Javanese sentence structure. We will also provide plenty of examples and exercises to practice what you learn. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations or historical influences on personal pronoun usage, as well as share interesting cultural facts and anecdotes related to this topic.

Let's dive into the fascinating world of Javanese personal pronouns!

Forms of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Javanese personal pronouns are used to replace nouns or noun phrases in a sentence. They reflect the grammatical person, number, and gender of the noun they replace. Unlike English, Javanese personal pronouns have different forms based on the level of formality, politeness, and familiarity. The Javanese personal pronouns can be divided into three categories: first person, second person, and third person.

First Person Pronouns[edit | edit source]

First person pronouns refer to the speaker or the group the speaker belongs to. In Javanese, there are different forms for singular and plural first person pronouns.

Here are the Javanese first person pronouns:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Aku ['aku] I, me (singular)
Kula ['kula] I, me (formal)
Kita ['kita] We, us (inclusive)
Kita ['kita] We, us (exclusive)

In Javanese, "aku" is the most commonly used first person singular pronoun, while "kula" is a more formal or polite alternative. "Kita" is the first person plural pronoun, which can be used to refer to both inclusive and exclusive "we." When used inclusively, "kita" refers to "we" including the listener, while when used exclusively, it refers to "we" excluding the listener.

Let's see these pronouns in action:

  • Aku saka Jawa. (I am from Java.)
  • Kula pengin ngerti basa Jawa. (I want to learn Javanese.)
  • Kita arep mlaku menyang pasar. (We are going to the market.)
  • Kita ora bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We won't meet you here.)

Second Person Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Second person pronouns are used to refer to the person or people being spoken to. Similar to first person pronouns, Javanese second person pronouns also have different forms based on the level of formality and politeness.

Here are the Javanese second person pronouns:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Sampeyan [sam'pɛjan] You (formal)
Kowé ['kəwe] You (informal)
Kowe ['kəwɛ] You (informal)

In Javanese, "sampeyan" is the formal second person pronoun, used to show respect and politeness. "Kowé" or "kowe" is the informal second person pronoun, used among friends, family, or people of the same age group. "Kowé" is considered slightly more formal than "kowe."

Let's see these pronouns in action:

  • Sampeyan sapa? (Who are you?)
  • Kowé saka Manado? (Are you from Manado?)
  • Kowe wis takon tetangga? (Have you asked the neighbor?)

Third Person Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Third person pronouns are used to refer to someone or something that is not the speaker or the listener. Like the first and second person pronouns, Javanese third person pronouns also have multiple forms based on the level of formality and politeness.

Here are the Javanese third person pronouns:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Iki ['iki] This, he, she, it
Kene ['kɛnɛ] Here, he, she, it
Sakumna [sa'kumna] There, he, she, it

In Javanese, "iki" is used to refer to someone or something close to the speaker. "Kene" is used to refer to someone or something close to the listener. "Sakumna" is used to refer to someone or something far from both the speaker and the listener.

Let's see these pronouns in action:

  • Iki barang anyar. (This is a new item.)
  • Kene wong kang bade teka. (Here comes the person you've been waiting for.)
  • Sakumna ora ana sing ngerti. (There is no one who understands.)

Usage of Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Now that we have covered the different forms of Javanese personal pronouns, let's explore how to use them in sentences. Understanding the usage of personal pronouns is crucial for effective communication in Javanese.

Using Personal Pronouns as Subjects[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, personal pronouns can be used as subjects of a sentence. When a personal pronoun is used as a subject, it replaces the noun that would typically be the subject of the sentence. Let's look at some examples:

  • Aku mangan. (I eat.)
  • Kula arep nulis. (I am going to write.)
  • Kita pindhah menyang kutha. (We are moving to the city.)
  • Sampeyan duwe waktu luang? (Do you have free time?)
  • Kowé wis takon tetangga? (Have you asked the neighbor?)
  • Iki barang anyar. (This is a new item.)

In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are used as the subjects, replacing the nouns that would represent the same meaning.

Using Personal Pronouns as Objects[edit | edit source]

Javanese personal pronouns can also be used as objects in a sentence. When a personal pronoun is used as an object, it replaces the noun that would typically be the object of the sentence. Let's see some examples:

  • Aku melu menyang pasar. (I am going to the market.)
  • Kula ngerti basa Jawa. (I understand Javanese.)
  • Kita bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We will meet you here.)
  • Sampeyan wis mangan? (Have you eaten?)
  • Kowé duwe kabeh sing dadi? (Do you have everything you need?)
  • Iki sing tak bali. (This is what I bought.)

In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are used as objects, replacing the nouns that would have the same meaning.

Using Personal Pronouns with Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns can also be used in combination with possessive pronouns to indicate ownership or possession. The possessive pronouns in Javanese agree with the person and number of the noun they modify. Let's see some examples:

  • Aku pitungipun. (This is mine.)
  • Kula dalanipun. (This is mine.)
  • Kita pitungipun. (This is ours.)
  • Sampeyan pitungipun. (This is yours.)
  • Kowé pitungipun. (This is yours.)
  • Iki pitungipun. (This is his/hers/its.)

In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are combined with the possessive pronoun "pitungipun" to indicate ownership or possession.

Using Personal Pronouns with Verbs[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns can also be used with verbs to indicate the subject of the action. In Javanese, verbs are conjugated based on the person and number of the subject. Let's see some examples:

  • Aku mangan. (I eat.)
  • Kula nulis. (I write.)
  • Kita pindhah menyang kutha. (We are moving to the city.)
  • Sampeyan mangan. (You eat.)
  • Kowé nulis. (You write.)
  • Iki mangan. (He/She/It eats.)

In these sentences, the personal pronouns "aku," "kula," "kita," "sampeyan," "kowé," and "iki" are used with verbs to indicate the subject of the action.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The usage of personal pronouns in Javanese is influenced by cultural norms and social hierarchies. Javanese society places great emphasis on respect, politeness, and maintaining harmonious relationships. As a result, the choice of personal pronouns can vary based on the formalities and politeness levels required in different social contexts.

In formal or professional settings, it is common to use more polite or formal pronouns like "kula" and "sampeyan" to show respect to superiors or elders. These pronouns reflect the values of deference and hierarchy deeply ingrained in Javanese culture.

On the other hand, when speaking with close friends, family members, or people of the same age group, it is more common to use less formal pronouns like "aku," "kowé," or "kowe." These pronouns reflect a sense of familiarity, intimacy, and equality in relationships.

Understanding and using the appropriate personal pronouns based on the social context is crucial for effective communication and building rapport in Javanese-speaking communities.

Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you've learned! Below are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of Javanese personal pronouns. Try to answer the questions or complete the sentences using the correct pronouns. Solutions and explanations will be provided afterward.

1. __________ saka Jawa. (I am from Java.) 2. __________ pengin ngerti basa Jawa. (I want to learn Javanese.) 3. __________ arep mlaku menyang pasar. (We are going to the market.) 4. __________ ora bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We won't meet you here.) 5. __________ sapa? (Who are you?) 6. __________ saka Manado? (Are you from Manado?) 7. __________ wis takon tetangga? (Have you asked the neighbor?) 8. __________ mangan. (I eat.) 9. __________ ngerti basa Jawa. (I understand Javanese.) 10. __________ bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. (We will meet you here.)

Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Aku saka Jawa. 2. Kula pengin ngerti basa Jawa. 3. Kita arep mlaku menyang pasar. 4. Kita ora bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene. 5. Sampeyan sapa? 6. Kowé saka Manado? 7. Kowe wis takon tetangga. 8. Aku mangan. 9. Kula ngerti basa Jawa. 10. Kita bakal nampa sampeyan ing kene.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations on completing the Javanese Grammar lesson on personal pronouns! You have learned the different forms and usage of Javanese personal pronouns, as well as their cultural significance. By using personal pronouns correctly, you can enhance your communication skills and navigate social interactions more effectively in Javanese-speaking communities.

Don't forget to practice using personal pronouns in your conversations to reinforce your learning. The more you practice, the more natural and fluent you will become in using Javanese personal pronouns.

Keep up the great work and continue your journey to mastering the Javanese language!

Table of Contents - Javanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drinks


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Javanese Customs and Etiquette


Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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