Difference between revisions of "Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Weather-Vocabulary"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Halh-mongolian|Halh Mongolian]]  → [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Weather and Seasons → Weather Vocabulary</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Halh-mongolian|Halh Mongolian]]  → [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Weather and Seasons → Weather Vocabulary</div>


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Weather is a common topic of conversation in Halh Mongolian culture, given Mongolia's harsh climate and nomadic lifestyle. In this lesson, you will learn common vocabulary related to weather and how to talk about the forecast and climate. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently discuss the weather and climate with native speakers.
Weather is a topic that holds great importance in the Halh Mongolian language and culture. As a nomadic people, the Halh Mongolians have always relied on the weather for their livelihoods, whether it be for herding livestock, planting crops, or planning their journeys across the vast Mongolian steppe. In this lesson, we will explore the vocabulary related to weather in Halh Mongolian, as well as how to talk about the forecast and climate. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently discuss the weather and understand its impact on the lives of the Halh Mongolian people.
 
 
<span link>Once you've mastered this lesson, take a look at these related pages: [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/How-to-say-Good-Bye?|How to say Good Bye?]] & [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Gender|Gender]].</span>
== Seasonal Weather ==
 
The seasons in Mongolia each come with their own unique weather patterns, and thus require specific vocabulary when describing them.  
 
=== Spring ===


Spring is known as "хавар" (khavar) in Halh Mongolian. During this season, the weather can be quite unpredictable, with snow, rain, and sun in the same day being common. Some common phrases one might hear during this season include:
== Weather Vocabulary ==


* "Өнөөдөр хавар хэцүү байгаа юм." (Önöödör khavar khetssüü baigaa yum.) - "The weather is quite changeable today."
=== Basic Weather Terms ===
* "Хаврын өглөө хасагдаад, үргэлж хойно". (Khavryn öglöö hasagdaad, ürgelj hoyno.) - "In the morning, it's cold, but gets warmer as the day goes on."


Some other useful vocabulary for describing spring weather in Mongolia include:
Let's start by learning some basic weather terms in Halh Mongolian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| өвөлжөө  || övöljöö || thaw/melt
| өнгөрсөн долоо хоног || öngörson doloo khonog || last week
|-
|-
| бороо  || boroo || snow
| өнгөрсөн сар || öngörson sar || last month
|-
|-
| цас хагас || tsas hagas || partly cloudy
| одооны долоо хоног || odoo ny doloo khonog || this week
|-
|-
| мөнхөөрөө || monkhööröö || sunny
| одооны сар || odoo ny sar || this month
|-
| маргаан || margaan || winter
|-
| хун || khun || spring
|-
| намар || namar || summer
|-
| нар || nar || autumn
|-
| ногоон || nogo on || green
|-
| цагаан || tsagaan || white
|-
| улаан || ulaan || red
|-
| шар || shar || yellow
|-
| сар || sar || moon
|}
|}


=== Summer ===  
=== Talking about the Weather ===
 
Now that you are familiar with some basic weather terms, let's learn how to talk about the weather in Halh Mongolian. Here are some useful phrases:
 
* Хэдэн агаарын байна вэ? (Heden agaarin baina ve?) - What's the weather like?
* Аянд болох үед нараа гараад байна. (Ayand bolokh ued naraa garaad baina.) - It's going to rain tomorrow.
* Аянд болох үед хүйтэн байна. (Ayand bolokh ued khuyten baina.) - It's going to snow tomorrow.
* Аянд болох үед ногоон байна. (Ayand bolokh ued nogo on baina.) - It's going to be sunny tomorrow.
* Аянд болох үед галт тэнгэртэй байна. (Ayand bolokh ued galt tengertei baina.) - It's going to be cloudy tomorrow.
* Аянд болох үед булан байна. (Ayand bolokh ued bulan baina.) - It's going to be windy tomorrow.
 
=== Describing the Weather ===
 
In Halh Mongolian, you can use adjectives to describe the weather. Here are some common adjectives used to describe different weather conditions:
 
* Галт (galt) - cloudy
* Ногоон (nogo on) - sunny
* Хүйтэн (khuyten) - snowy
* Хурдан (khurdan) - windy
* Тунадах (tunadakh) - stormy
* Цасан (tsasan) - hot
* Хундаг (khundag) - cold
* Хар (khar) - dark
 
You can combine these adjectives with the noun "агаар" (agaar) which means "weather" to describe the overall weather condition. For example:
 
* Галт агаар (galt agaar) - cloudy weather
* Ногоон агаар (nogo on agaar) - sunny weather
* Хүйтэн агаар (khuyten agaar) - snowy weather
* Хурдан агаар (khurdan agaar) - windy weather
* Тунадах агаар (tunadakh agaar) - stormy weather
* Цасан агаар (tsasan agaar) - hot weather
* Хундаг агаар (khundag agaar) - cold weather
* Хар агаар (khar agaar) - dark weather
 
=== Talking about the Forecast ===
 
To talk about the weather forecast, you can use the following phrases in Halh Mongolian:
 
* Аянд болох үед (Ayand bolokh ued) - Tomorrow
* Өнөөдөр (Önöödör) - Today
* Өнгөрсөн өдөр (Öngörson ödör) - Yesterday
* Өнгөрсөн долоо хоног (Öngörson doloo khonog) - Last week
* Өнгөрсөн сар (Öngörson sar) - Last month


Summer is known as "айл" (ail) in Halh Mongolian. During this time, the days are long and the weather is generally quite warm and dry. Some common summer phrases one might hear in Mongolia include:
For example:


* "Ирээдүйн айлд орой гардаг уу?"  (Ireedüin ail doroi gardag uu?) - "Do you go to the countryside during summer?"
* Аянд болох үед галт тэнгэртэй байна. (Ayand bolokh ued galt tengertei baina.) - It's going to be cloudy tomorrow.
* "Айлын тоглоомонд орж болоод яваарай." (Ailyn togloomond orj bolood javarai.) - "I'm going traveling during the summer season."
* Өнөөдөр цасан агаар байлаа. (Önöödör tsasan agaar bailaa.) - It was hot today.
* Өнгөрсөн өдөр ногоон агаар байлаа. (Öngörson ödör nogo on agaar bailaa.) - It was sunny yesterday.
* Өнгөрсөн долоо хоног цасан агаар байлаа. (Öngörson doloo khonog tsasan agaar bailaa.) - It was hot last week.
* Өнгөрсөн сар хурдан агаар байлаа. (Öngörson sar khurdan agaar bailaa.) - It was windy last month.


Some other useful vocabulary for describing summer weather in Mongolia include:
=== Cultural Insights ===


{| class="wikitable"
The weather plays a significant role in the lives of the Halh Mongolian people, as their traditional way of life is closely tied to nature and the environment. The nomadic herders rely on the weather to determine the best grazing areas for their livestock and to plan their migrations from one pasture to another. The Halh Mongolians have developed a deep understanding of the weather patterns and natural indicators that signal changes in the weather. For example, they observe the behavior of animals and birds, the direction of the wind, and the position of the sun to predict upcoming weather conditions.
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| гайхсан || gaihsan || hot
|-
| хөөрхөн || khöörkhön || dry
|-
| булгүй || bulgüi || humid
|-
| шилдэг || shildeg || nice/fine
|}


=== Autumn ===
In addition to their reliance on the weather for their livelihoods, the Halh Mongolians also have a rich cultural heritage associated with different weather phenomena. For example, the Mongolian Lunar New Year, known as Tsagaan Sar, is celebrated in the coldest months of winter when the weather is harsh. This festival is a time for families to come together, exchange gifts, and pray for a bountiful year ahead.


Autumn is known as "өсөх" (ösökh) in Halh Mongolian. This is a relatively short season in Mongolia, with the weather quickly transitioning from mild to cold. Some common autumn phrases one might hear in Mongolia include:
Another important weather-related festival is the Eagle Festival, which takes place in the Altai Mountains during the winter months. This festival showcases the traditional art of eagle hunting, where skilled hunters train golden eagles to catch small animals. The weather conditions during this festival, such as the presence of snow and strong winds, are crucial for the success of the eagle hunters.


* "Өсөхнөөс хойш хүнсний гэрэл имших эхэллээ." (Ösökhnöös hoysh khünsnii gerel imshikh ekhellee.) - "Since autumn has arrived, the days are getting shorter and the nights are getting longer."
=== Practice Exercises ===
* "Өсөхөөсөө өнгөрснөөр бороон дээрээх мөнгөн бүс нь ховлорч байна." (Ösökhöösöör öngörsnöör boroon deerh mөngön büs n khovlorch baina.) - "The leaves have turned yellow and are falling down during the rainy days."


Some other useful vocabulary for describing autumn weather in Mongolia include:
Now it's time to practice what you have learned. Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of weather vocabulary in Halh Mongolian.


{| class="wikitable"
Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| тунгалаг || tungalag || cool
|-
| цас || tsas || cloudy
|-
| тэнгэр цагаан || tener tsagaan || clear sky
|-
| бор || bor || frost
|}


=== Winter ===
Complete the sentences with the appropriate weather vocabulary:


Winter is known as "хөвлөмж" (khövlömzh) in Halh Mongolian. This is the longest season in Mongolia, and is characterized by extreme cold, snow, and windy conditions. Some common winter phrases one might hear in Mongolia include:
1. Аянд болох үед ______ байна. (sunny)
2. Хүйтэн агаар дээр ______ байлаа. (snow)
3. Өнөөдөр хурдан агаар байлаа. (windy)
4. Өнгөрсөн өдөр ______ байлаа. (cloudy)
5. Өнгөрсөн сар ______ байлаа. (hot)


* "Тоглоом хүрэээд хамгийн өвдөг болоод өвлийн дулаанаа аз жаргалтай харааллаа." (Togloom khüreeed khamgiin övdög bolood övliin dulanaa az jargaltai kharaallaa.) - "Playing games while the winter is at its peak and watching snowfall is a peaceful moment."
Exercise 2: Translate the Phrases
* "Хүлээн зөөхийн удаа хангайн адреналин бодогдох билээ. Хөвлөмжийн арван зуун нь болж гэрлийнхээ модны дахин тойролдол, тэнгэр дээрх иглэр болохоор болно." (Khüleen zöökhii udaa khangayn adrenalin bodogdokh bilee. Khövlömhijn arvan zuun n bolzh gerliinhee modny dahin toiroldol, tener deerkh igler bolokhoor bolno.) - "Hunting or skiing is a great way to get an adrenaline rush during the winter season. There are also many snow-covered peaks on the mountains and icicles on the sky."


Some other useful vocabulary for describing winter weather in Mongolia include:
Translate the following phrases from English to Halh Mongolian:


{| class="wikitable"
1. Stormy weather
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
2. Cold weather
|-
3. The weather is changing.
| хорих || khorikh || freezing/cold
4. It's going to rain.
|-
5. It's going to be windy.
| баруун || baruun || windy  
|-
| борсого || borsogo || blizzard
|-
| цас минь || tsas min || overcast
|}


== Weather Forecast ==
Exercise 3: Describe the Weather


When listening to weather forecasts, it is helpful to know the vocabulary that is being used. Here is some essential vocabulary to listen for:
Describe the weather in the pictures using Halh Mongolian vocabulary and phrases. Be creative!


{| class="wikitable"
![Weather Pictures](https://example.com/weatherpictures)
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| сард || sard || winter
|-
| чергийн сар || cheriin sar || early winter
|-
| хаврын жил || khavryn zil || spring
|-
| сарын жил || saryn zil || summer
|-
| оройн жил || oroin zil || autumn
|-
| цаг агаар || tsag agaar || wind speed
|-
| өдөрт || ödört || daily
|-
| зурагт || zuragt || graphic/visual
|-
| зүүн || züün || east
|-
| баруун || baruun || west
|-
| өмнөд || ömnöd || south
|-
| хойд || khoid || north
|-
| улирал || uliral || humidity
|-
| цаг агаарын таваг || tsag agaaryn tavag || weather map
|}


With this vocabulary, you can better understand the weather forecast and plan your activities accordingly.
== Solutions ==


== Talking About the Weather ==
Exercise 1:


The weather is a common topic of conversation in Mongolia, and being able to discuss it in Halh Mongolian can help you connect with locals and make friends. Here are some common phrases you might use when talking about the weather:
1. Аянд болох үед ногоон байна. (sunny)
2. Хүйтэн агаар дээр хүйтэн байлаа. (snow)
3. Өнөөдөр хурдан агаар байлаа. (windy)
4. Өнгөрсөн өдөр галт байлаа. (cloudy)
5. Өнгөрсөн сар цасан байлаа. (hot)


* "Өмнөө ирээдүйн өдөр хэцүү байгаа гэж боддог. (Ömnöö ireedüin ödör khetssüü baigaa gej boddog.) - "I think today is quite cold."
Exercise 2:
* "Өнөөдөр цас минь байгаа юм." (Önöödör tsas min baigaa yum.) - "Today is overcast."
* "Бороо хүргэлтэй, дулаан нь ч байгаа гэж бодож байна." (Boroo khürgeltei, dulaa n ch baigaa gej bodoj baina.) - "It's snowing heavily, and the sky seems to be grey."


And some useful vocabulary when discussing the weather:
1. Тунадах агаар
2. Хундаг агаар
3. Агаар хэрэглэлээ өөрчилнө.
4. Гарагт болох байна.
5. Хүйтэн байна.


{| class="wikitable"
Exercise 3:
! Halh Mongolian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| тунадас || tunadas || thermometer
|-
| цас минь || tsas min || overcast
|-
| идэг зуух || ideg zuukh || drizzle
|-
| ягаан уул || yagaan uul || thunderstorm
|-
| арван зуун || arvan zuun || snowstorm
|-
| чих тутмын || khikh tutmun || rainbow
|-
| бороо || boroo || snow
|}


Now you have the knowledge and vocabulary to talk about the weather and seasons in Halh Mongolian. Practice with native speakers and experience the beauty of Mongolia's natural environment through language.  
- Picture 1: Аянд болох үед хүйтэн байна. (It's going to snow tomorrow.)
- Picture 2: Аянд болох үед галт тэнгэртэй байна. (It's going to be cloudy tomorrow.)
- Picture 3: Аянд болох үед ногоон байна. (It's going to be sunny tomorrow.)


{{#seo:
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|title=Halh Mongolian Vocabulary → Weather and Seasons → Weather Vocabulary
|keywords=Halh Mongolian, learn Halh Mongolian, Halh Mongolian vocabulary, Halh Mongolian course, weather vocabulary in Halh Mongolian, Halh
|keywords=Halh Mongolian, weather vocabulary, weather terms, talking about weather, weather forecast, cultural insights
|description=In this lesson, you will learn Halh Mongolian vocabulary related to weather and how to talk about the forecast and climate. Explore the importance of weather in Halh Mongolian culture and gain insights into traditional festivals and practices related to weather.
}}


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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Relationships|Relationships]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Relationships|Relationships]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Halh-mongolian/Vocabulary/Gender|Gender]]


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Latest revision as of 03:00, 21 June 2023

◀️ Mongolian Etiquette — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Seasons ▶️

Mongolia.png
Halh Mongolian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Weather and Seasons → Weather Vocabulary

Weather is a topic that holds great importance in the Halh Mongolian language and culture. As a nomadic people, the Halh Mongolians have always relied on the weather for their livelihoods, whether it be for herding livestock, planting crops, or planning their journeys across the vast Mongolian steppe. In this lesson, we will explore the vocabulary related to weather in Halh Mongolian, as well as how to talk about the forecast and climate. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to confidently discuss the weather and understand its impact on the lives of the Halh Mongolian people.

Weather Vocabulary[edit | edit source]

Basic Weather Terms[edit | edit source]

Let's start by learning some basic weather terms in Halh Mongolian:

Halh Mongolian Pronunciation English Translation
өнгөрсөн долоо хоног öngörson doloo khonog last week
өнгөрсөн сар öngörson sar last month
одооны долоо хоног odoo ny doloo khonog this week
одооны сар odoo ny sar this month
маргаан margaan winter
хун khun spring
намар namar summer
нар nar autumn
ногоон nogo on green
цагаан tsagaan white
улаан ulaan red
шар shar yellow
сар sar moon

Talking about the Weather[edit | edit source]

Now that you are familiar with some basic weather terms, let's learn how to talk about the weather in Halh Mongolian. Here are some useful phrases:

  • Хэдэн агаарын байна вэ? (Heden agaarin baina ve?) - What's the weather like?
  • Аянд болох үед нараа гараад байна. (Ayand bolokh ued naraa garaad baina.) - It's going to rain tomorrow.
  • Аянд болох үед хүйтэн байна. (Ayand bolokh ued khuyten baina.) - It's going to snow tomorrow.
  • Аянд болох үед ногоон байна. (Ayand bolokh ued nogo on baina.) - It's going to be sunny tomorrow.
  • Аянд болох үед галт тэнгэртэй байна. (Ayand bolokh ued galt tengertei baina.) - It's going to be cloudy tomorrow.
  • Аянд болох үед булан байна. (Ayand bolokh ued bulan baina.) - It's going to be windy tomorrow.

Describing the Weather[edit | edit source]

In Halh Mongolian, you can use adjectives to describe the weather. Here are some common adjectives used to describe different weather conditions:

  • Галт (galt) - cloudy
  • Ногоон (nogo on) - sunny
  • Хүйтэн (khuyten) - snowy
  • Хурдан (khurdan) - windy
  • Тунадах (tunadakh) - stormy
  • Цасан (tsasan) - hot
  • Хундаг (khundag) - cold
  • Хар (khar) - dark

You can combine these adjectives with the noun "агаар" (agaar) which means "weather" to describe the overall weather condition. For example:

  • Галт агаар (galt agaar) - cloudy weather
  • Ногоон агаар (nogo on agaar) - sunny weather
  • Хүйтэн агаар (khuyten agaar) - snowy weather
  • Хурдан агаар (khurdan agaar) - windy weather
  • Тунадах агаар (tunadakh agaar) - stormy weather
  • Цасан агаар (tsasan agaar) - hot weather
  • Хундаг агаар (khundag agaar) - cold weather
  • Хар агаар (khar agaar) - dark weather

Talking about the Forecast[edit | edit source]

To talk about the weather forecast, you can use the following phrases in Halh Mongolian:

  • Аянд болох үед (Ayand bolokh ued) - Tomorrow
  • Өнөөдөр (Önöödör) - Today
  • Өнгөрсөн өдөр (Öngörson ödör) - Yesterday
  • Өнгөрсөн долоо хоног (Öngörson doloo khonog) - Last week
  • Өнгөрсөн сар (Öngörson sar) - Last month

For example:

  • Аянд болох үед галт тэнгэртэй байна. (Ayand bolokh ued galt tengertei baina.) - It's going to be cloudy tomorrow.
  • Өнөөдөр цасан агаар байлаа. (Önöödör tsasan agaar bailaa.) - It was hot today.
  • Өнгөрсөн өдөр ногоон агаар байлаа. (Öngörson ödör nogo on agaar bailaa.) - It was sunny yesterday.
  • Өнгөрсөн долоо хоног цасан агаар байлаа. (Öngörson doloo khonog tsasan agaar bailaa.) - It was hot last week.
  • Өнгөрсөн сар хурдан агаар байлаа. (Öngörson sar khurdan agaar bailaa.) - It was windy last month.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

The weather plays a significant role in the lives of the Halh Mongolian people, as their traditional way of life is closely tied to nature and the environment. The nomadic herders rely on the weather to determine the best grazing areas for their livestock and to plan their migrations from one pasture to another. The Halh Mongolians have developed a deep understanding of the weather patterns and natural indicators that signal changes in the weather. For example, they observe the behavior of animals and birds, the direction of the wind, and the position of the sun to predict upcoming weather conditions.

In addition to their reliance on the weather for their livelihoods, the Halh Mongolians also have a rich cultural heritage associated with different weather phenomena. For example, the Mongolian Lunar New Year, known as Tsagaan Sar, is celebrated in the coldest months of winter when the weather is harsh. This festival is a time for families to come together, exchange gifts, and pray for a bountiful year ahead.

Another important weather-related festival is the Eagle Festival, which takes place in the Altai Mountains during the winter months. This festival showcases the traditional art of eagle hunting, where skilled hunters train golden eagles to catch small animals. The weather conditions during this festival, such as the presence of snow and strong winds, are crucial for the success of the eagle hunters.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to practice what you have learned. Complete the following exercises to reinforce your understanding of weather vocabulary in Halh Mongolian.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks

Complete the sentences with the appropriate weather vocabulary:

1. Аянд болох үед ______ байна. (sunny) 2. Хүйтэн агаар дээр ______ байлаа. (snow) 3. Өнөөдөр хурдан агаар байлаа. (windy) 4. Өнгөрсөн өдөр ______ байлаа. (cloudy) 5. Өнгөрсөн сар ______ байлаа. (hot)

Exercise 2: Translate the Phrases

Translate the following phrases from English to Halh Mongolian:

1. Stormy weather 2. Cold weather 3. The weather is changing. 4. It's going to rain. 5. It's going to be windy.

Exercise 3: Describe the Weather

Describe the weather in the pictures using Halh Mongolian vocabulary and phrases. Be creative!

![Weather Pictures](https://example.com/weatherpictures)

Solutions[edit | edit source]

Exercise 1:

1. Аянд болох үед ногоон байна. (sunny) 2. Хүйтэн агаар дээр хүйтэн байлаа. (snow) 3. Өнөөдөр хурдан агаар байлаа. (windy) 4. Өнгөрсөн өдөр галт байлаа. (cloudy) 5. Өнгөрсөн сар цасан байлаа. (hot)

Exercise 2:

1. Тунадах агаар 2. Хундаг агаар 3. Агаар хэрэглэлээ өөрчилнө. 4. Гарагт болох байна. 5. Хүйтэн байна.

Exercise 3:

- Picture 1: Аянд болох үед хүйтэн байна. (It's going to snow tomorrow.) - Picture 2: Аянд болох үед галт тэнгэртэй байна. (It's going to be cloudy tomorrow.) - Picture 3: Аянд болох үед ногоон байна. (It's going to be sunny tomorrow.)

Table of Contents - Halh Mongolian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to the Halh Mongolian Alphabet


Basic Greetings and Expressions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Mongolian Customs and Traditions


Weather and Seasons


Mongolian Music and Arts



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Mongolian Etiquette — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Seasons ▶️

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