Difference between revisions of "Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Numbers-1-100"

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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers 1-100</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Standard-estonian|Standard Estonian]]  → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Standard-estonian/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Numbers and Time → Numbers 1-100</div>
__TOC__


__TOC__
== Introduction ==


==Introduction==
Welcome to the lesson on counting in Estonian! In this lesson, we will learn how to count from 1 to 100 in Standard Estonian. Numbers are an essential part of any language, and by mastering the numbers, you will be able to navigate various everyday situations, such as shopping, telling the time, and expressing age.


Welcome to the "Complete 0 to A1 Standard Estonian Course". In this course, you will learn everything you need to know to become proficient in the Estonian language. This lesson will focus on learning to count in Estonian from 1 to 100. You will also learn how to use numbers in various contexts, such as shopping, telling the time, and expressing age.  
In this comprehensive lesson, we will cover the numbers from 1 to 100 in detail. We will provide you with clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging exercises to help you grasp the concept of counting in Estonian. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the numbers and share interesting cultural facts related to counting in Estonian.


So let's dive into the fascinating world of numbers in Standard Estonian!


<span link>After mastering this lesson, these related pages might interest you: [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Family-and-friends|Family and friends]] & [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Education|Education]].</span>
== Number Basics ==
==Numbers 1-10==


===Cardinal Numbers (Põhiarvud)===
Before we start counting from 1 to 100, let's familiarize ourselves with the basic numbers in Estonian. Learning the numbers from 1 to 10 is crucial as they form the foundation for constructing larger numbers.


In Estonian, counting from 1 to 10 is relatively straightforward. Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Estonian:
Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Standard Estonian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| üks || [yks] || one
| üks || [yks] || one
|-
|-
| kaks || [kaks] || two
| kaks || [kaks] || two
|-
|-
| kolm || [kolm] || three
| kolm || [kolm] || three
|-
|-
| neli || [neli] || four
| neli || [neli] || four
|-
|-
| viis || [viis] || five
| viis || [viis] || five
|-
|-
| kuus || [kuus] || six
| kuus || [kuus] || six
|-
|-
| seitse || [saitse] || seven
| seitse || [seitse] || seven
|-
|-
| kaheksa || [kahheksa] || eight
| kaheksa || [kah-HEK-sa] || eight
|-
|-
| üheksa || [yheksa] || nine
| üheksa || [y-HEK-sa] || nine
|-
|-
| kümme || [kuumme] || ten
| kümme || [KUH-meh] || ten
|}
|}


Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
Take some time to practice pronouncing these numbers correctly. Pay attention to the pronunciation guide provided to ensure accurate pronunciation. Now that we have a solid foundation, let's move on to counting from 11 to 100.
 
<ul>
<li>Ma tahaksin osta ühe õuna. (I would like to buy one apple.)</li>
<li>Meil on kaks koera. (We have two dogs.)</li>
<li>Kolm inimest tulid uksest sisse. (Three people came in through the door.)</li>
</ul>
 
==Numbers 11-20==


===Cardinal Numbers (Põhiarvud)===
== Counting from 11 to 20 ==


The numbers from 11 to 20 require a slightly different approach in Estonian: you add the word "teist" to the end of the numbers 1-9, and then add the suffix "-sada" to create 10, 20, 30, and so on. The word "sada" means "hundred." Here are the numbers from 11 to 20 in Estonian:
To form numbers from 11 to 19, we combine the numbers 1 to 9 with the word "teist". Let's take a look at the numbers from 11 to 20:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| üksteist || [yks-tayst] || eleven
| üksteist || [YK-stayst] || eleven
|-
|-
| kaksteist || [kahks-tayst] || twelve
| kaheteist  || [KAH-heh-tayst] || twelve
|-
|-
| kolmteist || [kolm-tayst] || thirteen
| kolmeteist  || [KOL-meh-tayst] || thirteen
|-
|-
| neliteist || [ne-lee-tayst] || fourteen
| neljateist  || [NEL-yah-tayst] || fourteen
|-
|-
| viisteist || [vees-tayst] || fifteen
| viisteist || [VEEST-tayst] || fifteen
|-
|-
| kuusteist || [kuus-tayst] || sixteen
| kuusteist || [KOOS-tayst] || sixteen
|-
|-
| seitseteist || [sai-tse-tayst] || seventeen
| seitseteist || [SEYT-seh-tayst] || seventeen
|-
|-
| kaheksateist || [kah-hek-sa-tayst] || eighteen
| kaheksateist || [KAH-HEK-sah-tayst] || eighteen
|-
|-
| üheksateist || [yhek-sa-tayst] || nineteen
| üheksateist || [Y-HEK-sah-tayst] || nineteen
|-
|-
| kakskümmend || [kahks-kyuum-mend] || twenty  
| kaksteist  || [KAKS-tayst] || twenty
|}
|}


Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
Notice that the numbers from 11 to 19 end with the suffix "-teist". This pattern will help you remember these numbers easily. Practice pronouncing each number and try to memorize them as they will be the building blocks for larger numbers.
 
<ul>
<li>Tal on üksteist õde ja venda. (He has eleven sisters and brothers.)</li>
<li>Ma sündisin kaksteist minutit pärast keskööd. (I was born twelve minutes after midnight.)</li>
<li>Viisteist inimest jõudis finišisse enne mind. (Fifteen people crossed the finish line before me.)</li>
</ul>


==Numbers 20-100==
== Counting by Tens ==


===Cardinal Numbers (Põhiarvud)===
Now that we know the numbers from 1 to 20, it's time to learn how to count by tens in Estonian. Similar to English, the numbers from 20 to 100 follow a pattern where the tens digit is combined with the word for "ten" (kümme).


From 21 to 99, you combine the words for the multiples of ten (20, 30, 40, etc.) with the words for the basic numbers (1-9) using the word "ja" (and). For example, the number 35 would be "kolmkümmend viis" (literally "three tens and five"). The word "sada" is used to denote 100. Here are the numbers from 20 to 100 in Estonian:
Here are the numbers from 30 to 100 in tens:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| kakskümmend üks || [kahks-kyuum-mend yks] || twenty-one
| kolmkümmend  || [KOLM-kym-mehnt] || thirty
|-
|-
| kolmkümmend || [kolm-kyuum-mend] || thirty
| nelikümmend  || [NEH-lee-kym-mehnt] || forty
|-
|-
| nelikümmend || [ne-lee-kyuum-mend] || forty
| viiskümmend  || [VEES-kym-mehnt] || fifty
|-
|-
| viiskümmend || [vees-kyuum-mend] || fifty
| kuuskümmend  || [KOOS-kym-mehnt] || sixty
|-
|-
| kuuskümmend || [kuus-kyuum-mend] || sixty
| seitsekümmend  || [SEYT-seh-kym-mehnt] || seventy
|-
|-
| seitsekümmend || [sait-se-kyuum-mend] || seventy
| kaheksakümmend  || [KAH-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt] || eighty
|-
|-
| kaheksakümmend || [kah-hek-sa-kyuum-mend] || eighty
| üheksakümmend  || [Y-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt] || ninety
|-
|-
| üheksakümmend || [yhek-sa-kyuum-mend] || ninety
| sada || [SAH-dah] || one hundred
|-
| sada || [saa-ta] || one hundred
|}
|}


Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
Take note of the pronunciation guide and practice saying each number aloud. Make sure to pay attention to the unique pronunciation of "sada" for one hundred.


<ul>
== Counting from 21 to 99 ==
<li>Ma maksin viiskümmend senti. (I paid fifty cents.)</li>
<li>Kolmkümmend kuus õpilast läks eksamile. (Thirty-six students took the exam.)</li>
<li>Päev kestab 24 tundi ehk 1440 minutit. (A day lasts 24 hours or 1440 minutes.)</li>
</ul>


==Ordinal Numbers (Järjendarvud)==
To form numbers from 21 to 99 in Estonian, we combine the tens digit with the ones digit. However, unlike in English where we use hyphens, Estonian employs a different structure. Let's go through some examples to understand this better:
 
While cardinal numbers are used to represent quantities, ordinal numbers are used to express rank or position. In Estonian, ordinal numbers are formed by adding the suffix "-s" to the cardinal number. For example, "esimene" means "first" and is formed by adding "-s" to "üks" (one). Here are the ordinal numbers from 1 to 10 in Estonian:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
! Standard Estonian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| esimene || [eh-si-me-ne] || first
| kakskümmend üks  || [KAKS-kym-mehnt yks] || twenty-one
|-
|-
| teine || [tay-ne] || second
| kolmkümmend seitse  || [KOLM-kym-mehnt SEYT-seh] || thirty-seven
|-
|-
| kolmas || [kol-mas] || third
| nelikümmend kuus  || [NEH-lee-kym-mehnt koos] || forty-six
|-
|-
| neljas || [nel-yas] || fourth
| viiskümmend üheksa  || [VEES-kym-mehnt Y-HEK-sah] || fifty-nine
|-
|-
| viies || [vee-yes] || fifth
| kuuskümmend kolm  || [KOOS-kym-mehnt KOLM] || sixty-three
|-
|-
| kuues || [kuu-yes] || sixth
| seitsekümmend neli  || [SEYT-seh-kym-mehnt NEH-lee] || seventy-four
|-
|-
| seitsmes || [say-ts-mes] || seventh
| kaheksakümmend viis  || [KAH-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt vees] || eighty-five
|-
|-
| kaheksas || [kah-hek-sas] || eighth
| üheksakümmend üheksa  || [Y-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt Y-HEK-sah] || ninety-nine
|-
| üheksas || [yhe-ksas] || ninth
|-
| kümnes || [kuum-nes] || tenth
|}
|}


Here are some examples of how to use these numbers in context:
As you can see, we simply combine the tens digit with the ones digit, without any hyphens. Remember to pronounce each number accurately, paying attention to the correct stress and intonation.
 
== Cultural Insights ==
 
Counting in Estonian is an excellent way to explore the cultural heritage of Estonia. Estonian is part of the Finno-Ugric language family and shares similarities with Finnish and Hungarian. Estonian numbers are unique and have evolved over time, influenced by various historical factors.
 
One interesting aspect of counting in Estonian is the use of the word "sada" for one hundred. It is worth noting that the word "sada" is also used in the Finnish language for one hundred. This similarity reflects the historical connection between the two languages and their shared linguistic roots.
 
In addition to linguistic connections, Estonian culture places great importance on numerology and superstitions related to numbers. For example, the number seven (seitse) is considered lucky in Estonian folklore, while the number thirteen (kolmteist) is often associated with bad luck.
 
Understanding these cultural nuances adds depth to your language learning journey and allows you to connect with Estonian speakers on a deeper level.
 
== Practice Exercises ==
 
Now that we have covered the numbers from 1 to 100 in Estonian, it's time to put your knowledge to the test. Here are some practice exercises to help you reinforce what you have learned:
 
Exercise 1: Write the following numbers in Estonian:
 
1. Forty-two
2. Seventy-nine
3. Sixty-five
4. Twenty-eight
5. Ninety-three
 
Exercise 2: Translate the following numbers from Estonian to English:
 
1. Kaheksateist
2. Viiskümmend üks
3. Sada kolmkümmend seitse
4. Üheksakümmend üheksa
5. Nelikümmend kuus
 
Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers in Estonian:
 
1. ____________ ja ____________ on seitsekümmend.
2. ____________ ja ____________ on kolmkümmend üks.
3. ____________ ja ____________ on üheksa.
4. ____________ ja ____________ on kakskümmend.
5. ____________ ja ____________ on nelikümmend üks.
 
== Exercise Solutions ==
 
Here are the solutions to the practice exercises:


<ul>
Exercise 1:
<li>Esimene koht läks Janile. (Jan got first place.)</li>
<li>Teine film oli parem kui esimene. (The second movie was better than the first.)</li>
<li>Ta sai neljanda koha kettaheites. (He got fourth place in discus throwing.)</li>
</ul>


==Practice Exercises==
1. Nelikümmend kaks
2. Seitsekümmend üheksa
3. Kuuskümmend viis
4. Kakskümmend kaheksa
5. Üheksakümmend kolm


Now that you know the numbers from 1 to 100 in Estonian, it's time to practice using them in context. Here are some exercises to help you get started:
Exercise 2:


<ol>
1. Eighteen
<li>Count from 1 to 10 in Estonian.</li>
2. Fifty-one
<li>Spell out the numbers 27 and 43 in Estonian.</li>
3. One hundred thirty-seven
<li>How would you say "I am 31 years old" in Estonian?</li>
4. Ninety-nine
<li>If someone asks you to buy "viis õuna" at the store, how many apples should you buy?</li>
5. Forty-six
<li>You want to meet your friends at 3:15 in the afternoon. What time should you arrange to meet?</li>
</ol>


==Conclusion==
Exercise 3:


Congratulations! You have now learned to count in Estonian from 1 to 100. You can also use these numbers in various contexts, such as telling time, expressing age, and shopping. Keep practicing these skills and building your vocabulary, and you will soon become fluent in Estonian.
1. Kuus ja kolm on seitsekümmend.
2. Kaks ja üheksa on kolmkümmend üks.
3. Neli ja viis on üheksa.
4. Üks ja üheksa on kakskümmend.
5. Nelikümmend ja üks on nelikümmend üks.
 
Congratulations on completing the practice exercises! Keep practicing to reinforce your understanding of counting in Estonian.
 
== Conclusion ==
 
In this lesson, we have explored the numbers from 1 to 100 in Standard Estonian. We began by learning the numbers from 1 to 10, which served as the foundation for constructing larger numbers. We then delved into counting from 11 to 100, understanding the patterns and unique aspects of Estonian numbers.
 
By mastering the numbers in Estonian, you will be able to confidently navigate various everyday situations, such as shopping, telling the time, and expressing age. Remember to practice regularly and apply your knowledge in real-life scenarios to solidify your understanding.
 
We hope you enjoyed this lesson and found it helpful on your journey to learning Standard Estonian. Keep up the great work, and soon you will be counting in Estonian like a native speaker!
 
{{#seo:
|title=Standard Estonian Vocabulary → Numbers 1-100
|keywords=Estonian, Standard Estonian, Estonian numbers, counting in Estonian, numbers in Estonian, Estonian language
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to count from 1 to 100 in Standard Estonian. Practice using numbers in various contexts, such as shopping, telling the time, and expressing age.
}}


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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Greetings-and-introductions|Greetings and introductions]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Greetings-and-introductions|Greetings and introductions]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Family-and-friends|Family and friends]]
* [[Language/Standard-estonian/Vocabulary/Family-and-friends|Family and friends]]


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Latest revision as of 17:18, 20 June 2023

◀️ Introducing Yourself — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Personal Pronouns ▶️

Estonia-Timeline-PolyglotClub.jpg
Standard Estonian → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Numbers 1-100

Introduction[edit | edit source]

Welcome to the lesson on counting in Estonian! In this lesson, we will learn how to count from 1 to 100 in Standard Estonian. Numbers are an essential part of any language, and by mastering the numbers, you will be able to navigate various everyday situations, such as shopping, telling the time, and expressing age.

In this comprehensive lesson, we will cover the numbers from 1 to 100 in detail. We will provide you with clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging exercises to help you grasp the concept of counting in Estonian. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage or understanding of the numbers and share interesting cultural facts related to counting in Estonian.

So let's dive into the fascinating world of numbers in Standard Estonian!

Number Basics[edit | edit source]

Before we start counting from 1 to 100, let's familiarize ourselves with the basic numbers in Estonian. Learning the numbers from 1 to 10 is crucial as they form the foundation for constructing larger numbers.

Here are the numbers from 1 to 10 in Standard Estonian:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
üks [yks] one
kaks [kaks] two
kolm [kolm] three
neli [neli] four
viis [viis] five
kuus [kuus] six
seitse [seitse] seven
kaheksa [kah-HEK-sa] eight
üheksa [y-HEK-sa] nine
kümme [KUH-meh] ten

Take some time to practice pronouncing these numbers correctly. Pay attention to the pronunciation guide provided to ensure accurate pronunciation. Now that we have a solid foundation, let's move on to counting from 11 to 100.

Counting from 11 to 20[edit | edit source]

To form numbers from 11 to 19, we combine the numbers 1 to 9 with the word "teist". Let's take a look at the numbers from 11 to 20:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
üksteist [YK-stayst] eleven
kaheteist [KAH-heh-tayst] twelve
kolmeteist [KOL-meh-tayst] thirteen
neljateist [NEL-yah-tayst] fourteen
viisteist [VEEST-tayst] fifteen
kuusteist [KOOS-tayst] sixteen
seitseteist [SEYT-seh-tayst] seventeen
kaheksateist [KAH-HEK-sah-tayst] eighteen
üheksateist [Y-HEK-sah-tayst] nineteen
kaksteist [KAKS-tayst] twenty

Notice that the numbers from 11 to 19 end with the suffix "-teist". This pattern will help you remember these numbers easily. Practice pronouncing each number and try to memorize them as they will be the building blocks for larger numbers.

Counting by Tens[edit | edit source]

Now that we know the numbers from 1 to 20, it's time to learn how to count by tens in Estonian. Similar to English, the numbers from 20 to 100 follow a pattern where the tens digit is combined with the word for "ten" (kümme).

Here are the numbers from 30 to 100 in tens:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
kolmkümmend [KOLM-kym-mehnt] thirty
nelikümmend [NEH-lee-kym-mehnt] forty
viiskümmend [VEES-kym-mehnt] fifty
kuuskümmend [KOOS-kym-mehnt] sixty
seitsekümmend [SEYT-seh-kym-mehnt] seventy
kaheksakümmend [KAH-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt] eighty
üheksakümmend [Y-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt] ninety
sada [SAH-dah] one hundred

Take note of the pronunciation guide and practice saying each number aloud. Make sure to pay attention to the unique pronunciation of "sada" for one hundred.

Counting from 21 to 99[edit | edit source]

To form numbers from 21 to 99 in Estonian, we combine the tens digit with the ones digit. However, unlike in English where we use hyphens, Estonian employs a different structure. Let's go through some examples to understand this better:

Standard Estonian Pronunciation English
kakskümmend üks [KAKS-kym-mehnt yks] twenty-one
kolmkümmend seitse [KOLM-kym-mehnt SEYT-seh] thirty-seven
nelikümmend kuus [NEH-lee-kym-mehnt koos] forty-six
viiskümmend üheksa [VEES-kym-mehnt Y-HEK-sah] fifty-nine
kuuskümmend kolm [KOOS-kym-mehnt KOLM] sixty-three
seitsekümmend neli [SEYT-seh-kym-mehnt NEH-lee] seventy-four
kaheksakümmend viis [KAH-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt vees] eighty-five
üheksakümmend üheksa [Y-HEK-sah-kym-mehnt Y-HEK-sah] ninety-nine

As you can see, we simply combine the tens digit with the ones digit, without any hyphens. Remember to pronounce each number accurately, paying attention to the correct stress and intonation.

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Counting in Estonian is an excellent way to explore the cultural heritage of Estonia. Estonian is part of the Finno-Ugric language family and shares similarities with Finnish and Hungarian. Estonian numbers are unique and have evolved over time, influenced by various historical factors.

One interesting aspect of counting in Estonian is the use of the word "sada" for one hundred. It is worth noting that the word "sada" is also used in the Finnish language for one hundred. This similarity reflects the historical connection between the two languages and their shared linguistic roots.

In addition to linguistic connections, Estonian culture places great importance on numerology and superstitions related to numbers. For example, the number seven (seitse) is considered lucky in Estonian folklore, while the number thirteen (kolmteist) is often associated with bad luck.

Understanding these cultural nuances adds depth to your language learning journey and allows you to connect with Estonian speakers on a deeper level.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now that we have covered the numbers from 1 to 100 in Estonian, it's time to put your knowledge to the test. Here are some practice exercises to help you reinforce what you have learned:

Exercise 1: Write the following numbers in Estonian:

1. Forty-two 2. Seventy-nine 3. Sixty-five 4. Twenty-eight 5. Ninety-three

Exercise 2: Translate the following numbers from Estonian to English:

1. Kaheksateist 2. Viiskümmend üks 3. Sada kolmkümmend seitse 4. Üheksakümmend üheksa 5. Nelikümmend kuus

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers in Estonian:

1. ____________ ja ____________ on seitsekümmend. 2. ____________ ja ____________ on kolmkümmend üks. 3. ____________ ja ____________ on üheksa. 4. ____________ ja ____________ on kakskümmend. 5. ____________ ja ____________ on nelikümmend üks.

Exercise Solutions[edit | edit source]

Here are the solutions to the practice exercises:

Exercise 1:

1. Nelikümmend kaks 2. Seitsekümmend üheksa 3. Kuuskümmend viis 4. Kakskümmend kaheksa 5. Üheksakümmend kolm

Exercise 2:

1. Eighteen 2. Fifty-one 3. One hundred thirty-seven 4. Ninety-nine 5. Forty-six

Exercise 3:

1. Kuus ja kolm on seitsekümmend. 2. Kaks ja üheksa on kolmkümmend üks. 3. Neli ja viis on üheksa. 4. Üks ja üheksa on kakskümmend. 5. Nelikümmend ja üks on nelikümmend üks.

Congratulations on completing the practice exercises! Keep practicing to reinforce your understanding of counting in Estonian.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we have explored the numbers from 1 to 100 in Standard Estonian. We began by learning the numbers from 1 to 10, which served as the foundation for constructing larger numbers. We then delved into counting from 11 to 100, understanding the patterns and unique aspects of Estonian numbers.

By mastering the numbers in Estonian, you will be able to confidently navigate various everyday situations, such as shopping, telling the time, and expressing age. Remember to practice regularly and apply your knowledge in real-life scenarios to solidify your understanding.

We hope you enjoyed this lesson and found it helpful on your journey to learning Standard Estonian. Keep up the great work, and soon you will be counting in Estonian like a native speaker!

Table of Contents - Standard Estonian Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Estonian


Greetings and Introductions


Nouns and Pronouns


Numbers and Time


Verbs and Tenses


Daily Activities


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Estonian Traditions


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


At Home and Work


Estonian History


Negation and Questions



Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Introducing Yourself — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Personal Pronouns ▶️

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