Difference between revisions of "Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Greetings-and-Introductions"

Latest revision as of 23:32, 18 June 2023

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Tamil → Vocabulary → 0 to A1 Course → Daily Life Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions

Introduction[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we will learn how to greet someone and introduce ourselves in Tamil. Greetings and introductions are an essential part of daily life and social interactions. By mastering these basic phrases, you will be able to make a positive impression and establish connections with Tamil speakers.

This lesson is part of the larger course titled "Complete 0 to A1 Tamil Course" designed for complete beginners. The goal of this course is to take you from zero knowledge of Tamil to the A1 level. As a Tamil language teacher with 20 years of experience, I have carefully crafted this lesson to provide you with comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of greetings and introductions in Tamil.

Let's dive into the fascinating world of Tamil greetings and introductions!

Greetings[edit | edit source]

Basic Greetings[edit | edit source]

In Tamil culture, greetings play a significant role in daily interactions. Let's start by learning some basic greetings that you can use to greet someone in Tamil:

Vanakkam[edit | edit source]

One of the most common greetings in Tamil is "Vanakkam," which means "hello" or "greetings." It is a versatile greeting that can be used at any time of the day. The pronunciation of "Vanakkam" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
வணக்கம்	Vaṇakkam	Hello

Nalama[edit | edit source]

Another common greeting is "Nalama," which means "how are you?" It is a polite way to inquire about someone's well-being. The pronunciation of "Nalama" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
நலமா?	Nalama?	How are you?

Greetings based on Time of the Day[edit | edit source]

In Tamil, there are specific greetings based on the time of the day. Let's explore them:

Kaalai Vanakkam[edit | edit source]

In the morning, you can greet someone with "Kaalai Vanakkam," which translates to "good morning." The pronunciation of "Kaalai Vanakkam" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
காலை வணக்கம்	Kālai Vaṇakkam	Good morning

Maalai Vanakkam[edit | edit source]

In the evening, you can use "Maalai Vanakkam" to greet someone, which means "good evening." The pronunciation of "Maalai Vanakkam" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
மாலை வணக்கம்	Mālai Vaṇakkam	Good evening

Iravu Vanakkam[edit | edit source]

During the night, you can greet someone with "Iravu Vanakkam," which translates to "good night." The pronunciation of "Iravu Vanakkam" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
இரவு வணக்கம்	Iravu Vaṇakkam	Good night

Greetings based on Relationship[edit | edit source]

Tamil culture places great importance on relationships. Let's explore some greetings based on relationships:

Periyama[edit | edit source]

To greet an elder or someone in a position of authority, you can use "Periyama," which means "respectful greetings." The pronunciation of "Periyama" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
பெரியமா?	Periyama?	How do you do?

Anni[edit | edit source]

To greet an older sister or sister-in-law, you can use "Anni," which means "elder sister." The pronunciation of "Anni" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
அண்ணி	Aṇṇi	Elder sister

Thambi[edit | edit source]

To greet a younger brother or brother-in-law, you can use "Thambi," which means "younger brother." The pronunciation of "Thambi" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
தம்பி	Taṃpi	Younger brother

Other Greetings[edit | edit source]

Apart from the basic and time-based greetings, here are a few more greetings that you might find useful:

Vanthudalam[edit | edit source]

When welcoming someone, you can say "Vanthudalam," which means "welcome." The pronunciation of "Vanthudalam" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
வந்துடலாம்	Vaṇtuḍalām	Welcome

Valarga[edit | edit source]

To wish someone success or prosperity, you can use "Valarga," which means "long live." The pronunciation of "Valarga" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
வாழ்க	Vāḻka	Long live

Introductions[edit | edit source]

Now that we have covered greetings, let's move on to introductions. Introducing yourself is an important skill that allows you to establish connections and communicate effectively. Let's learn some phrases for self-introduction in Tamil:

Basic Introductions[edit | edit source]

En peyar...[edit | edit source]

To introduce yourself, you can start with "En peyar..." which means "My name is...". Here's an example:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
என் பெயர் கவின் ஆகுக்கும்	En peyar Kavin ākukkum	My name is Kavin

Nalla iruken[edit | edit source]

To respond to someone asking how you are, you can say "Nalla iruken," which means "I am fine." The pronunciation of "Nalla iruken" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
நல்லா இருக்கேன்	Nalla iruken	I am fine

Sharing Personal Information[edit | edit source]

Naan...[edit | edit source]

To provide more personal information, you can use "Naan..." which means "I am...". Here are a few examples:

Naan Chennai-la vaazhndhirukken - I am living in Chennai.
Naan kaadhalai padikiren - I am studying medicine.
Naan apuram varuven - I will come later.

Asking Questions[edit | edit source]

To engage in a conversation and get to know someone, it's important to ask questions. Here are some common questions you can use:

Un peyar enna?[edit | edit source]

To ask someone's name, you can say "Un peyar enna?" which means "What is your name?". The pronunciation of "Un peyar enna?" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
உன் பெயர் என்ன?	Un peyar enna?	What is your name?

Eppadi irukke?[edit | edit source]

To ask someone how they are, you can say "Eppadi irukke?" which means "How are you?". The pronunciation of "Eppadi irukke?" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
எப்படி இருக்கீர்கள்?	Eppadi irukke?	How are you?

Responses to Questions[edit | edit source]

Enakku pidikkum[edit | edit source]

To express your likes, you can say "Enakku pidikkum," which means "I like it." The pronunciation of "Enakku pidikkum" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
எனக்கு பிடிக்கும்	Eṉakku piṭikkuṁ	I like it

Enakku pudikkala[edit | edit source]

To express your dislikes, you can say "Enakku pudikkala," which means "I don't like it." The pronunciation of "Enakku pudikkala" is as follows:

Tamil	Pronunciation	English
எனக்கு புடிச்சலா	Eṉakku puṭiccala	I don't like it

Cultural Insights[edit | edit source]

Tamil culture places great emphasis on respect and hierarchy. When greeting someone, it is important to address them using the appropriate honorifics, which are based on age and social status. For example, "Periyama" is used to greet an elder or someone in a position of authority. This reflects the value Tamil society places on respecting elders and those in higher positions.

In Tamil Nadu, the traditional way of greeting is by folding hands and saying "Vanakkam." This gesture, known as "Namaste," signifies respect and humility. It is common to see people of all ages and backgrounds using this greeting in both formal and informal settings.

Tamil culture also values personal relationships and community. When introducing yourself, it is common to mention your family members and their occupations. This reflects the importance of family and the interconnectedness of the community in Tamil society.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Practice the greetings and introductions you have learned by completing the following exercises:

1. Match the Tamil greetings with their English translations:

Tamil	English
வணக்கம்	Good morning
நலமா?	How are you?
மாலை வணக்கம்	Good evening

2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases:

- "En peyar ___" means "My name is ___." - "Naan Chennai-la ___" means "I am living in Chennai."

3. Imagine you meet someone new and want to greet and introduce yourself. Write a short dialogue using the greetings and introductions you have learned.

Solutions[edit | edit source]

1. Match the Tamil greetings with their English translations:

Tamil	English
வணக்கம்	Hello
நலமா?	How are you?
மாலை வணக்கம்	Good evening

2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases:

- "En peyar ___" means "My name is ___." - "Naan Chennai-la ___" means "I am living in Chennai."

3. Practice dialogue:

A: வணக்கம்! நலமா? B: வணக்கம்! நலமா? A: நலமா, நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கின்றீர்கள்? B: நலமா, நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கின்றீர்கள்? A: நலமா, நன்றி.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to greet someone and introduce yourself in Tamil. By mastering these basic phrases, you will be able to navigate social interactions with ease and make meaningful connections with Tamil speakers. Keep practicing and exploring the rich Tamil language and culture.

Table of Contents - Tamil Course - 0 to A1[edit source]

Course Presentation

Introduction to Tamil Grammar

Daily Life Vocabulary

Verbs and Tenses

Profession and Work Vocabulary

Tamil Culture and Customs

Adjectives and Adverbs

Health and Fitness Vocabulary

Cases and Postpositions

Nature, Environment and Wildlife Vocabulary

Tamil Literature and History

Negation and Interrogation

Videos[edit | edit source]

Learn to speak Tamil through English - Greetings and Introduction[edit | edit source]

Sources[edit | edit source]

Other Lessons[edit | edit source]

◀️ Nouns and Pronouns — Previous Lesson	Next Lesson — Numbers and Time ▶️

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 <span pgnav>
 {| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
@@ Line 8: / Line 9: @@
 {{Tamil-Page-Top}}
+<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Tamil|Tamil]]  → [[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary|Vocabulary]] → [[Language/Tamil/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Daily Life Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions</div>
-<div class="pg_page_title">Tamil Vocabulary → Daily Life Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions</div>
 __TOC__
-As a Tamil language teacher of 20 years, I am excited to introduce you to the Tamil language and its culture. In this lesson, we will focus on daily life vocabulary, specifically greetings and introductions in Tamil. This lesson is designed for complete beginners who want to learn how to communicate in Tamil.
+== Introduction ==
+In this lesson, we will learn how to greet someone and introduce ourselves in Tamil. Greetings and introductions are an essential part of daily life and social interactions. By mastering these basic phrases, you will be able to make a positive impression and establish connections with Tamil speakers.
+This lesson is part of the larger course titled "Complete 0 to A1 Tamil Course" designed for complete beginners. The goal of this course is to take you from zero knowledge of Tamil to the A1 level. As a Tamil language teacher with 20 years of experience, I have carefully crafted this lesson to provide you with comprehensive and in-depth knowledge of greetings and introductions in Tamil.
+Let's dive into the fascinating world of Tamil greetings and introductions!
+== Greetings ==
+=== Basic Greetings ===
+In Tamil culture, greetings play a significant role in daily interactions. Let's start by learning some basic greetings that you can use to greet someone in Tamil:
+==== Vanakkam ====
+One of the most common greetings in Tamil is "Vanakkam," which means "hello" or "greetings." It is a versatile greeting that can be used at any time of the day. The pronunciation of "Vanakkam" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| வணக்கம் || Vaṇakkam || Hello
+|}
+==== Nalama ====
+Another common greeting is "Nalama," which means "how are you?" It is a polite way to inquire about someone's well-being. The pronunciation of "Nalama" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| நலமா? || Nalama? || How are you?
+|}
+=== Greetings based on Time of the Day ===
+In Tamil, there are specific greetings based on the time of the day. Let's explore them:
+==== Kaalai Vanakkam ====
+In the morning, you can greet someone with "Kaalai Vanakkam," which translates to "good morning." The pronunciation of "Kaalai Vanakkam" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| காலை வணக்கம் || Kālai Vaṇakkam || Good morning
+|}
+==== Maalai Vanakkam ====
+In the evening, you can use "Maalai Vanakkam" to greet someone, which means "good evening." The pronunciation of "Maalai Vanakkam" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| மாலை வணக்கம் || Mālai Vaṇakkam || Good evening
+|}
-<span link>Consider broadening your understanding by checking out these related lessons: [[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Basic-Phrases|Basic Phrases]] & [[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Geography|Geography]].</span>
+==== Iravu Vanakkam ====
-== Basic Greetings ==
-Let's start with the basics. In Tamil culture, greeting someone is a way of showing respect and acknowledging their presence. Here are a few common Tamil greetings:
+During the night, you can greet someone with "Iravu Vanakkam," which translates to "good night." The pronunciation of "Iravu Vanakkam" is as follows:
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| வணக்கம் (vaṇakkam) || van-uh-kum || Greetings
+| இரவு வணக்கம் || Iravu Vaṇakkam || Good night
+|}
+=== Greetings based on Relationship ===
+Tamil culture places great importance on relationships. Let's explore some greetings based on relationships:
+==== Periyama ====
+To greet an elder or someone in a position of authority, you can use "Periyama," which means "respectful greetings." The pronunciation of "Periyama" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| பெரியமா? || Periyama? || How do you do?
+|}
+==== Anni ====
+To greet an older sister or sister-in-law, you can use "Anni," which means "elder sister." The pronunciation of "Anni" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| அண்ணி || Aṇṇi || Elder sister
+|}
+==== Thambi ====
+To greet a younger brother or brother-in-law, you can use "Thambi," which means "younger brother." The pronunciation of "Thambi" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| தம்பி || Taṃpi || Younger brother
+|}
+=== Other Greetings ===
+Apart from the basic and time-based greetings, here are a few more greetings that you might find useful:
+==== Vanthudalam ====
+When welcoming someone, you can say "Vanthudalam," which means "welcome." The pronunciation of "Vanthudalam" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| வந்துடலாம் || Vaṇtuḍalām || Welcome
+|}
+==== Valarga ====
+To wish someone success or prosperity, you can use "Valarga," which means "long live." The pronunciation of "Valarga" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
+|-
+| வாழ்க || Vāḻka || Long live
+|}
+== Introductions ==
+Now that we have covered greetings, let's move on to introductions. Introducing yourself is an important skill that allows you to establish connections and communicate effectively. Let's learn some phrases for self-introduction in Tamil:
+=== Basic Introductions ===
+==== En peyar... ====
+To introduce yourself, you can start with "En peyar..." which means "My name is...". Here's an example:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| வாழ்த்துக்கள் (vāḻttukkaḷ) || vahl-thoo-kull || Congratulations
+| என் பெயர் கவின் ஆகுக்கும் || En peyar Kavin ākukkum || My name is Kavin
+|}
+==== Nalla iruken ====
+To respond to someone asking how you are, you can say "Nalla iruken," which means "I am fine." The pronunciation of "Nalla iruken" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| நல்வணக்கம் (nal-vaṇakkam) || naal-vuh-kum || Good morning
+| நல்லா இருக்கேன் || Nalla iruken || I am fine
+|}
+=== Sharing Personal Information ===
+==== Naan... ====
+To provide more personal information, you can use "Naan..." which means "I am...". Here are a few examples:
+* Naan Chennai-la vaazhndhirukken - I am living in Chennai.
+* Naan kaadhalai padikiren - I am studying medicine.
+* Naan apuram varuven - I will come later.
+=== Asking Questions ===
+To engage in a conversation and get to know someone, it's important to ask questions. Here are some common questions you can use:
+==== Un peyar enna? ====
+To ask someone's name, you can say "Un peyar enna?" which means "What is your name?". The pronunciation of "Un peyar enna?" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| காலை வணக்கம் (kālai vaṇakkam) || kah-lie van-uh-kum || Good afternoon
+| உன் பெயர் என்ன? || Un peyar enna? || What is your name?
+|}
+==== Eppadi irukke? ====
+To ask someone how they are, you can say "Eppadi irukke?" which means "How are you?". The pronunciation of "Eppadi irukke?" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| மாலை வணக்கம் (mālai vaṇakkam) || mah-lie van-uh-kum || Good evening
+| எப்படி இருக்கீர்கள்? || Eppadi irukke? || How are you?
+|}
+=== Responses to Questions ===
+==== Enakku pidikkum ====
+To express your likes, you can say "Enakku pidikkum," which means "I like it." The pronunciation of "Enakku pidikkum" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| இனிய காலை (iṉiya kālai) || in-ie-ya kah-lie || Have a good day
+| எனக்கு பிடிக்கும் || Eṉakku piṭikkuṁ || I like it
+|}
+==== Enakku pudikkala ====
+To express your dislikes, you can say "Enakku pudikkala," which means "I don't like it." The pronunciation of "Enakku pudikkala" is as follows:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! Pronunciation !! English
 |-
-| இனிய இரவு (iṉiya iravu) || in-ie-ya ee-ra-voo || Good night
+| எனக்கு புடிச்சலா || Eṉakku puṭiccala || I don't like it
 |}
-Simply saying "vanakkam" is the most common way of greeting someone in Tamil. It is used in both formal and informal situations. However, using "vāḻttukkaḷ" or "congratulations" is preferred in formal situations.
+== Cultural Insights ==
+Tamil culture places great emphasis on respect and hierarchy. When greeting someone, it is important to address them using the appropriate honorifics, which are based on age and social status. For example, "Periyama" is used to greet an elder or someone in a position of authority. This reflects the value Tamil society places on respecting elders and those in higher positions.
+In Tamil Nadu, the traditional way of greeting is by folding hands and saying "Vanakkam." This gesture, known as "Namaste," signifies respect and humility. It is common to see people of all ages and backgrounds using this greeting in both formal and informal settings.
+Tamil culture also values personal relationships and community. When introducing yourself, it is common to mention your family members and their occupations. This reflects the importance of family and the interconnectedness of the community in Tamil society.
+== Practice Exercises ==
-== Introducing Yourself ==
+Now it's time to put your knowledge to the test! Practice the greetings and introductions you have learned by completing the following exercises:
+. Match the Tamil greetings with their English translations:
+{| class="wikitable"
+! Tamil !! English
+|-
+| வணக்கம் || Good morning
+|-
+| நலமா? || How are you?
+|-
+| மாலை வணக்கம் || Good evening
+|}
-After greeting someone, introducing yourself is the next step. Here are some simple Tamil phrases that will help you introduce yourself:
+. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases:
-* நான் (nān) - I
+- "En peyar ___" means "My name is ___."
-* என் பெயர் (en peyar) - My name
+- "Naan Chennai-la ___" means "I am living in Chennai."
-* இது (idhu) - This is
-* என் மாணவர் (en māṇavar) - Student
-So, if you want to introduce yourself in Tamil, you can say "Nān Eniya, en peyar Rajesh. En māṇavar." which translates to "I am Rajesh, a student."
+. Imagine you meet someone new and want to greet and introduce yourself. Write a short dialogue using the greetings and introductions you have learned.
-== Asking About Someone ==
+== Solutions ==
-In addition to introducing yourself, you should also know how to ask about someone. Here are some phrases that can help you get started:
+. Match the Tamil greetings with their English translations:
-* உங்கள் பெயர் என்ன? (uṅkaḷ peyar eṉṉa?) - What is your name?
+{| class="wikitable"
-* நீ யார்? (nē yār?) - Who are you?
+! Tamil !! English
-* அவர் எப்படி இருக்கின்றார்? (avar eppaṭi irukkiṉṟār?) - How is he/she?
+|-
-* அவர் எங்கிருக்கின்றார்? (avar eṅkirukkiṉṟār?) - Where is he/she?
+| வணக்கம் || Hello
+|-
+| நலமா? || How are you?
+|-
+| மாலை வணக்கம் || Good evening
+|}
-By asking these questions, you can learn more about your conversation partner and keep the conversation going.
+. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases:
-== Conclusion ==
+- "En peyar ___" means "My name is ___."
+- "Naan Chennai-la ___" means "I am living in Chennai."
-Congratulations! You have taken the first step in learning Tamil by learning how to greet someone and introduce yourself. Continue practicing these phrases until you are comfortable using them. Don't be afraid to practice with native Tamil speakers or other learners. Remember, the more you practice, the more confident you will become. Stay tuned for our next lesson on numbers and time.
+. Practice dialogue:
-<span class='maj'></span>
+A: வணக்கம்! நலமா?
-==Sources==
+B: வணக்கம்! நலமா?
-* [https://www.linguanaut.com/learn-tamil/phrases.php Tamil Phrases, Words, Sentences and Expressions | Linguanaut]
+A: நலமா, நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கின்றீர்கள்?
-* [https://ilearntamil.com/spoken-tamil-lessons-colloquial-tamil-greetings-and-introduction-lesson1/ Greetings and Introduction Lesson1 - Learn Tamil Online-Best Tamil ...]
+B: நலமா, நீங்கள் எப்படி இருக்கின்றீர்கள்?
-* [https://ling-app.com/ta/greetings-in-tamil/ Greetings In Tamil: 50+ Best Words And Phrases - Ling App]
+A: நலமா, நன்றி.
-* [https://www.classcentral.com/course/youtube-learn-tamil-through-english-54688 Free Online Course: Learn Tamil Through English from YouTube ...]
+== Conclusion ==
-<span link>With this lesson finished, you may want to explore these additional pages: [[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Animals|Animals]] & [[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Colors|Colors]].</span>
+Congratulations! You have successfully learned how to greet someone and introduce yourself in Tamil. By mastering these basic phrases, you will be able to navigate social interactions with ease and make meaningful connections with Tamil speakers. Keep practicing and exploring the rich Tamil language and culture.
-{{#seo:
-|title=Tamil Vocabulary → Daily Life Vocabulary → Greetings and Introductions
-|keywords=Tamil language, Tamil culture, Tamil greetings, Tamil phrases, Tamil vocabulary
-|description=Learn how to greet someone and introduce yourself in Tamil with this beginner's lesson on daily life vocabulary.
-}}
 {{Tamil-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
@@ Line 87: / Line 289: @@
 [[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
 [[Category:Tamil-0-to-A1-Course]]
+<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 ==Videos==
@@ Line 92: / Line 295: @@
 ===Learn to speak Tamil through English - Greetings and Introduction===
 <youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3embo9gU1po</youtube>
+==Sources==
+* [https://www.linguanaut.com/learn-tamil/phrases.php Tamil Phrases, Words, Sentences and Expressions | Linguanaut]
+* [https://ilearntamil.com/spoken-tamil-lessons-colloquial-tamil-greetings-and-introduction-lesson1/ Greetings and Introduction Lesson1 - Learn Tamil Online-Best Tamil ...]
+* [https://ling-app.com/ta/greetings-in-tamil/ Greetings In Tamil: 50+ Best Words And Phrases - Ling App]
+* [https://www.classcentral.com/course/youtube-learn-tamil-through-english-54688 Free Online Course: Learn Tamil Through English from YouTube ...]
 ==Other Lessons==
@@ Line 104: / Line 318: @@
 * [[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Flora-and-Fauna|Flora and Fauna]]
 * [[Language/Tamil/Vocabulary/Family|Family]]
 {{Tamil-Page-Bottom}}
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