Difference between revisions of "Language/Croatian/Grammar/Plurals"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Croatian Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Croatian Grammar - Plurals</div>


Learning the plural forms of Croatian nouns can be a daunting task, but it doesn't have to be. With the right approach and a bit of practice, you can master the plural forms of Croatian nouns in no time.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/croatian Croatian] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will explore the plural form of nouns in the Croatian language. To improve your [[Language/Croatian|Croatian]] [[Language/Croatian/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=31 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/croatian/question questions]!


__TOC__
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== Overview ==
== Introduction ==


In Croatian, nouns can be singular or plural. The plural form of a noun is used when there is more than one of something. For example, if you are talking about two cats, you would use the plural form of the word "cat".  
Before we dive into the plural form of nouns, let's first clarify what exactly the noun is. A noun is a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, things, or ideas. In the Croatian language, nouns have a gender (either masculine, feminine, or neutral) and can be either singular or plural.


In Croatian, the plural form of a noun is usually formed by adding an ending to the singular form. The ending depends on the gender of the noun. Nouns in Croatian can be masculine, feminine, or neuter.  
To form the plural in Croatian, we add a suffix to the noun. The suffixes are determined by the gender of the noun and whether it ends in a consonant or a vowel. Let's explore this concept in more detail.


== Masculine Nouns ==
== Plural Suffixes ==


Masculine nouns in Croatian usually take the ending "-i" in the plural form. For example, the singular form of the word "cat" is "mačka", and the plural form is "mačke".
=== Masculine Nouns ===


There are some exceptions to this rule. Some masculine nouns take the ending "-ovi" in the plural form. For example, the singular form of the word "dog" is "pas", and the plural form is "pasi".  
In Croatian grammar, masculine nouns can end in a consonant or the letter -a. If the word ends in -a, we will remove it and replace it with -i to form the plural.


== Feminine Nouns ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| pas || /pas/ || dog
|-
| grad || /grad/ || city
|-
| drvo || /dr̩vo/ || tree
|-
| stol || /stol/ || table
|}


Feminine nouns in Croatian usually take the ending "-e" in the plural form. For example, the singular form of the word "girl" is "djevojka", and the plural form is "djevojke".  
If the word ends in a consonant, we will add -(o)vi or -(e)vi to form the plural, depending on the final consonant.
- If the final consonant is a hard consonant (b, c, d, đ, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, š, t, v, z, ž), we add -(o)vi.
- If the final consonant is a soft consonant (č, ć, đ, j, lj, nj, š, ž), we add -(e)vi.


There are some exceptions to this rule. Some feminine nouns take the ending "-ice" in the plural form. For example, the singular form of the word "teacher" is "učiteljica", and the plural form is "učiteljice".
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| pas || /pas/ || dog
|-
| grad || /grad/ || city
|-
| glas || /ɡlas/ || voice
|-
| list || /list/ || leaf
|-
| zub || /zub/ || tooth
|}


== Neuter Nouns ==
=== Feminine Nouns ===


Neuter nouns in Croatian usually take the ending "-a" in the plural form. For example, the singular form of the word "book" is "knjiga", and the plural form is "knjige".  
In Croatian grammar, feminine nouns typically end in -a, -ija or -ost. To form the plural, we add -e or -i, depending on the type of noun.
- If the word ends in -a, we replace it with -e to form the plural.
- If the word ends in -ija, we replace it with -ije to form the plural.
- If the word ends in -ost, we replace it with -osti to form the plural.


There are some exceptions to this rule. Some neuter nouns take the ending "-ija" in the plural form. For example, the singular form of the word "house" is "kuća", and the plural form is "kuće".
{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| pjesma || /pjɛsma/ || song
|-
| knjiga || /knjiga/ || book
|-
| trgovina || /trɡovina/ || store
|-
| žena || /ʒɛna/ || woman
|}


== Practice ==
=== Neuter Nouns ===


Now that you know the basic rules for forming plurals in Croatian, it's time to practice. Here are some examples of singular and plural forms of Croatian nouns:
In Croatian grammar, neuter nouns typically end in -o, -e or -će. To form the plural, we add -a or -i, depending on the type of noun.
- If the word ends in -o or -e, we replace it with -a to form the plural.
- If the word ends in -će, we replace it with -ća to form the plural.


* Singular: stol (table) - Plural: stolovi (tables)
{| class="wikitable"
* Singular: žena (woman) - Plural: žene (women)
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
* Singular: auto (car) - Plural: auta (cars)
|-
* Singular: grad (city) - Plural: gradovi (cities)
| jaje || /jaːjɛ/ || egg
* Singular: kuća (house) - Plural: kuće (houses)
|-
| pero || /pɛro/ || feather
|-
| lice || /lit͡sɛ/ || face
|-
| dijete || /dijɛ̌tɛ/ || child
|}


If you want to practice more, you can join the [https://PolyglotClub.com Polyglot Club] community and find language partners who can help you with your Croatian.
=== Irregular Plurals ===


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
As with any language, there are some exceptions to these rules. Here are some examples of words with irregular plurals:


{| class="wikitable"
! Croatian !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| čovjek || /t͡ʃɔ̌vjɛk/ || man
|-
| konj || /kôɲ/ || horse
|-
| noć || /nɔ̂t͡ɕ/ || night
|-
| oko || /ɔkɔ/ || eye
|}


== Plural Dialogue ==


==Videos==
To help you see plurals in context, here is a dialogue between two friends:


===Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian Grammar: The Genitive Plural of Nouns ...===
* Person 1: Koliko knjiga imaš? (/kɔ̌likɔ knjigà imàʃ?/) (How many books do you have?)
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-GRZpuPTBI</youtube>
* Person 2: Imam tri knjige. (/imàm tr̩i knjìɡɛ/) (I have three books.)


== Conclusion ==


==Related Lessons==
Congratulations, you have now learned how to form plural nouns in the Croatian language! By practicing this grammar rule and conversing with native Croatian speakers, you'll soon find yourself using plurals with ease. Don't forget to visit the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website to improve your language skills and [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=31 find native speakers] to practice the language with.
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
 
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
<hr>➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
 
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Questions|Questions]]
== Sources ==
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* [https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramatika_hrvatskog_jezika Gramatika hrvatskog jezika (Croatian Grammar)]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatian_language Croatian language - Wikipedia]
* [[Language/Croatian/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]


{{Croatian-Page-Bottom}}
{{Croatian-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 22:18, 4 March 2023

Croatian-Language-PolyglotClub.png
Croatian Grammar - Plurals

Hi Croatian learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will explore the plural form of nouns in the Croatian language. To improve your Croatian Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!

Introduction

Before we dive into the plural form of nouns, let's first clarify what exactly the noun is. A noun is a word used to identify any of a class of people, places, things, or ideas. In the Croatian language, nouns have a gender (either masculine, feminine, or neutral) and can be either singular or plural.

To form the plural in Croatian, we add a suffix to the noun. The suffixes are determined by the gender of the noun and whether it ends in a consonant or a vowel. Let's explore this concept in more detail.

Plural Suffixes

Masculine Nouns

In Croatian grammar, masculine nouns can end in a consonant or the letter -a. If the word ends in -a, we will remove it and replace it with -i to form the plural.

Croatian Pronunciation English
pas /pas/ dog
grad /grad/ city
drvo /dr̩vo/ tree
stol /stol/ table

If the word ends in a consonant, we will add -(o)vi or -(e)vi to form the plural, depending on the final consonant. - If the final consonant is a hard consonant (b, c, d, đ, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, š, t, v, z, ž), we add -(o)vi. - If the final consonant is a soft consonant (č, ć, đ, j, lj, nj, š, ž), we add -(e)vi.

Croatian Pronunciation English
pas /pas/ dog
grad /grad/ city
glas /ɡlas/ voice
list /list/ leaf
zub /zub/ tooth

Feminine Nouns

In Croatian grammar, feminine nouns typically end in -a, -ija or -ost. To form the plural, we add -e or -i, depending on the type of noun. - If the word ends in -a, we replace it with -e to form the plural. - If the word ends in -ija, we replace it with -ije to form the plural. - If the word ends in -ost, we replace it with -osti to form the plural.

Croatian Pronunciation English
pjesma /pjɛsma/ song
knjiga /knjiga/ book
trgovina /trɡovina/ store
žena /ʒɛna/ woman

Neuter Nouns

In Croatian grammar, neuter nouns typically end in -o, -e or -će. To form the plural, we add -a or -i, depending on the type of noun. - If the word ends in -o or -e, we replace it with -a to form the plural. - If the word ends in -će, we replace it with -ća to form the plural.

Croatian Pronunciation English
jaje /jaːjɛ/ egg
pero /pɛro/ feather
lice /lit͡sɛ/ face
dijete /dijɛ̌tɛ/ child

Irregular Plurals

As with any language, there are some exceptions to these rules. Here are some examples of words with irregular plurals:

Croatian Pronunciation English
čovjek /t͡ʃɔ̌vjɛk/ man
konj /kôɲ/ horse
noć /nɔ̂t͡ɕ/ night
oko /ɔkɔ/ eye

Plural Dialogue

To help you see plurals in context, here is a dialogue between two friends:

  • Person 1: Koliko knjiga imaš? (/kɔ̌likɔ knjigà imàʃ?/) (How many books do you have?)
  • Person 2: Imam tri knjige. (/imàm tr̩i knjìɡɛ/) (I have three books.)

Conclusion

Congratulations, you have now learned how to form plural nouns in the Croatian language! By practicing this grammar rule and conversing with native Croatian speakers, you'll soon find yourself using plurals with ease. Don't forget to visit the Polyglot Club website to improve your language skills and find native speakers to practice the language with.

➡ If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.
➡ Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎

Sources


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