Difference between revisions of "Language/Hindi/Grammar/Plurals"

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<div class="pg_page_title">Hindi Grammar - Plurals</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">Hindi Grammar - Plurals</div>


Welcome to the Hindi Grammar lesson on Plurals! Plurals are an important part of any language, and Hindi is no exception. In this lesson, we will learn how to form plurals in Hindi, as well as some of the rules that govern them.  
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hindi Hindi] learners! 😊<br>
In this lesson, we will learn about plurals in Hindi. Plurals are simple in Hindi, unlike other languages such as English where it can be quite complex. Let's start by understanding the basics.  


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Overview ==
== Singular and Plural ==


In Hindi, there are two main ways to form plurals: adding a suffix to the end of the word, or changing the word's ending. We will look at both of these methods in more detail below.  
In Hindi, singular nouns end with -आ, -ई, -ू, or a consonant sound. To form the plural, the ending changes to -एं.


=== Adding a Suffix ===
For example:


The most common way to form plurals in Hindi is by adding a suffix to the end of the word. The suffix used depends on the gender of the noun being pluralized. For masculine nouns, the suffix is ओं (oṃ), while for feminine nouns, the suffix is इयाँ (iyāṃ).
{| class="wikitable"
! Hindi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| किताब (kitāb) || kɪ'taːb || Book
|-
| किताबें (kitābeṅ) || kɪ'taːbẽ || Books
|}


For example, the masculine noun लड़का (laṛkā) means "boy", while the plural form लड़कों (laṛkoṃ) means "boys". Similarly, the feminine noun लड़की (laṛkī) means "girl", while the plural form लड़कियाँ (laṛkiyāṃ) means "girls".  
Here, the singular form of "book" is किताब (kitāb) and the plural form is किताबें (kitābeṅ).


Note that when adding the suffix, the final consonant of the word is often changed. For example, the masculine noun बात (bāt) becomes बातों (bātoṃ) in the plural form.
Another example:


=== Changing the Word's Ending ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Hindi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| मालिक (mālik) || maː'lɪk || Owner
|-
| मालिकें (mālikeṅ) || maː'lɪkẽ || Owners
|}


Another way to form plurals in Hindi is by changing the word's ending. This method is used mainly for words that end in a vowel. To form the plural, the vowel is changed to its corresponding nasal sound.  
As you can see, the plural form is created by adding -एं (eṅ) to the end of the singular noun.


For example, the masculine noun आदमी (ādmī) means "man", while the plural form आदमियों (ādmiyoṃ) means "men". Similarly, the feminine noun गाय (gāy) means "cow", while the plural form गायों (gāyoṃ) means "cows".
== Plural ending variations ==


Note that when changing the word's ending, the final consonant of the word is often changed. For example, the masculine noun राजा (rājā) becomes राजियों (rājiyoṃ) in the plural form.  
There are a few variations in forming the plural in Hindi.  


== Exceptions ==
- Nouns ending with अ (a) or आ (ā) add -एं (eṅ) to form the plural. For example:


There are some exceptions to the rules outlined above. For example, some words have irregular plural forms that do not follow the usual patterns. Additionally, some words have the same form in both the singular and plural.
{| class="wikitable"
! Hindi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| आदमी (ādmī) || aːd'miː || Man
|-
| आदमियां (ādmiyāṃ) || aːd'mɪjɑ̃ː || Men
|}


For example, the word भाई (bhāī) means both "brother" and "brothers". Similarly, the word बहन (bahana) means both "sister" and "sisters".
In the above example, आदमी (ādmī) means "man" in singular form. To make it plural, we add -एं (eṅ) and get आदमियां (ādmiyāṃ) which means "men."


It is important to note that these exceptions are quite rare, and most words will follow the rules outlined above.  
- Nouns ending with ई (ī) or ऊ (ū) drop the vowel and add -याँ (yā̃) to form the plural. For example:


== Conclusion ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Hindi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| देव (dev) || de'v || God
|-
| देवताएँ (devtāyā̃) || de'v'taː.jɑ̃ː || Gods
|}


In this lesson, we have learned how to form plurals in Hindi. We have seen that there are two main ways to form plurals: adding a suffix to the end of the word, or changing the word's ending. We have also seen some exceptions to these rules, such as words with irregular plural forms or words that have the same form in both the singular and plural.  
In the above example, देव (dev) means "god" in singular form. To make it plural, we drop the vowel and add -याँ (yā̃) to get देवताएँ (devtāyā̃) which means "gods."


Now that you have a better understanding of Hindi plurals, why not practice what you have learned by joining the [https://PolyglotClub.com Polyglot Club] community? You can find native Hindi speakers who are willing to help you practice your language skills.
- Nouns ending with a consonant have no predictable plural and must be memorized. For example:


<br><hr>If you have any questions, please ask them in the comments section below.<br>Feel free to edit this wiki page if you think it can be improved. 😎
{| class="wikitable"
! Hindi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| घोड़ा (ghoṛā) || ɡʱoː.ɽaː || Horse
|-
| घोड़ों (ghoṛoṃ) || ɡʱoːɽõː || Horses
|}


In the above example, घोड़ा (ghoṛā) means "horse" in singular form. To make it plural, we change the ending to ओं (oṃ) and get घोड़ों (ghoṛoṃ) which means "horses."


== Irregular plurals ==


==Videos==
In Hindi, some plurals are irregular and must be memorized. Here are some examples:


===English Grammar Rules in Hindi - Forming Plurals (बहुवचन) from ...===
{| class="wikitable"
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y7x8DPy-oaw</youtube>
! Hindi !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| आदमी (ādmī) || aːd'miː || Man
|-
| आदमियां (ādmiyā̃) || aːd'mɪjɑ̃ː || Men
|-
| मौसम (mausam) || moʊ'səm || Season
|-
| मौसमें (mausemeṃ) || moʊ'səmẽː || Seasons
|}


===Hindi Grammar Lessons ~ Singular & Plural (वचन) - Part 4 - YouTube===
As you can see, the plural forms of आदमी (ādmī) and मौसम (mausam) are irregular and must be memorized.
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmtMvivGl-0</youtube>


== Dialogue ==


==Related Lessons==
Let's see plurals in context through a dialogue:
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
 
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/Be-Polite|Be Polite]]
* महेश (Mahesh): कौनसी भाषा सीख रहे हो तुम? (Kaunsī bhāṣā sīkh rahe ho tum?) - "Which language are you learning?"
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* कृष्णा (Krishna): मैं [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hindi/ Hindi] सीख रहा हूँ। (Main Hindi sīkh rahā hū̃.) - "I am learning Hindi."
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/Negation|Negation]]
* महेश (Mahesh): अच्छा, तो बताओ, 'गाय' का बहुवचन क्या होगा? (Acchā, to batāo, 'gāy' kā bahuvacan kyā hogā?) - "Okay, then tell me, what is the plural of 'cow'?"
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/Conditional-Mood|Conditional Mood]]
* कृष्णा (Krishna): 'गायें' होगा। ('Gāyẽ' hogā.) - "It's 'gāyẽ'."
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/Past-Tense|Past Tense]]
* महेश (Mahesh): सही जवाब! (Sahī javāb!) - "Correct answer!"
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
 
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
== Cultural note ==
* [[Language/Hindi/Grammar/Feminine|Feminine]]
 
Hindi is spoken as a first language by around 322 million people worldwide, and as a second language by over 270 million people. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi Hindi] is an official language of India and Fiji.
 
== Practice ==
 
To practice plurals in Hindi, you can use the [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=54 Polyglot Club] website. Find native speakers and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/hindi/question questions] you may have!
 
You can also check out the [[:Language/Hindi/Grammar|Grammar]] section on the Hindi language page to learn more about Hindi grammar.
 
== Sources ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi Hindi on Wikipedia]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi_grammar Hindi Grammar on Wikipedia]
 
{{#seo:
|title=Hindi Grammar - Plurals
|keywords=Hindi, Plurals, Hindi Grammar, Singular, Dialogue, Cultural Note, Practice, Irregular plurals, variation.
|description=In this Hindi language lesson, we will learn about plurals in Hindi. Plurals are simple in Hindi, unlike other languages.
}}


{{Hindi-Page-Bottom}}
{{Hindi-Page-Bottom}}

Revision as of 22:18, 4 March 2023

India-Timeline-PolyglotClub.png
Hindi Grammar - Plurals

Hi Hindi learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about plurals in Hindi. Plurals are simple in Hindi, unlike other languages such as English where it can be quite complex. Let's start by understanding the basics.

Singular and Plural

In Hindi, singular nouns end with -आ, -ई, -ू, or a consonant sound. To form the plural, the ending changes to -एं.

For example:

Hindi Pronunciation English
किताब (kitāb) kɪ'taːb Book
किताबें (kitābeṅ) kɪ'taːbẽ Books

Here, the singular form of "book" is किताब (kitāb) and the plural form is किताबें (kitābeṅ).

Another example:

Hindi Pronunciation English
मालिक (mālik) maː'lɪk Owner
मालिकें (mālikeṅ) maː'lɪkẽ Owners

As you can see, the plural form is created by adding -एं (eṅ) to the end of the singular noun.

Plural ending variations

There are a few variations in forming the plural in Hindi.

- Nouns ending with अ (a) or आ (ā) add -एं (eṅ) to form the plural. For example:

Hindi Pronunciation English
आदमी (ādmī) aːd'miː Man
आदमियां (ādmiyāṃ) aːd'mɪjɑ̃ː Men

In the above example, आदमी (ādmī) means "man" in singular form. To make it plural, we add -एं (eṅ) and get आदमियां (ādmiyāṃ) which means "men."

- Nouns ending with ई (ī) or ऊ (ū) drop the vowel and add -याँ (yā̃) to form the plural. For example:

Hindi Pronunciation English
देव (dev) de'v God
देवताएँ (devtāyā̃) de'v'taː.jɑ̃ː Gods

In the above example, देव (dev) means "god" in singular form. To make it plural, we drop the vowel and add -याँ (yā̃) to get देवताएँ (devtāyā̃) which means "gods."

- Nouns ending with a consonant have no predictable plural and must be memorized. For example:

Hindi Pronunciation English
घोड़ा (ghoṛā) ɡʱoː.ɽaː Horse
घोड़ों (ghoṛoṃ) ɡʱoːɽõː Horses

In the above example, घोड़ा (ghoṛā) means "horse" in singular form. To make it plural, we change the ending to ओं (oṃ) and get घोड़ों (ghoṛoṃ) which means "horses."

Irregular plurals

In Hindi, some plurals are irregular and must be memorized. Here are some examples:

Hindi Pronunciation English
आदमी (ādmī) aːd'miː Man
आदमियां (ādmiyā̃) aːd'mɪjɑ̃ː Men
मौसम (mausam) moʊ'səm Season
मौसमें (mausemeṃ) moʊ'səmẽː Seasons

As you can see, the plural forms of आदमी (ādmī) and मौसम (mausam) are irregular and must be memorized.

Dialogue

Let's see plurals in context through a dialogue:

  • महेश (Mahesh): कौनसी भाषा सीख रहे हो तुम? (Kaunsī bhāṣā sīkh rahe ho tum?) - "Which language are you learning?"
  • कृष्णा (Krishna): मैं Hindi सीख रहा हूँ। (Main Hindi sīkh rahā hū̃.) - "I am learning Hindi."
  • महेश (Mahesh): अच्छा, तो बताओ, 'गाय' का बहुवचन क्या होगा? (Acchā, to batāo, 'gāy' kā bahuvacan kyā hogā?) - "Okay, then tell me, what is the plural of 'cow'?"
  • कृष्णा (Krishna): 'गायें' होगा। ('Gāyẽ' hogā.) - "It's 'gāyẽ'."
  • महेश (Mahesh): सही जवाब! (Sahī javāb!) - "Correct answer!"

Cultural note

Hindi is spoken as a first language by around 322 million people worldwide, and as a second language by over 270 million people. Hindi is an official language of India and Fiji.

Practice

To practice plurals in Hindi, you can use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions you may have!

You can also check out the Grammar section on the Hindi language page to learn more about Hindi grammar.

Sources


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