Language/Russian/Pronunciation/Alphabet-and-Pronunciation

🅰 Russian Alphabet & Pronunciation

Привет! Russian lovers 😎 !

In today's lesson, you will learn how to write the different letters of the Cyrillic Russian Alphabet and how to pronounce them by listening to a native speaker. You will also find at the end of this lesson a virtual keyboard so you can type directly in Cyrillic without the need to change the settings of your device.

Happy learning!

Russian Alphabet and Pronunciation

Russian is a Slavic language, such as Polish or Czech, written with the Cyrillic alphabet, inspired by the Greek alphabet.

The Russian language employs a total of 33 letters in its alphabet, consisting of 10 vowels, 21 consonants, and 2 symbols (ь, ъ). It is an Eastern Slavonic language that bears a close resemblance to Ukrainian and Belorussian, with a significant number of speakers numbering around 277 million individuals in Russia and 30 other countries.

In the table presented below, we will delve into the distinctive sounds of the Cyrillic alphabet and include audio recordings to aid in improving your pronunciation. By carefully listening to and practicing these sounds, you'll be on your way to mastering the pronunciation of Cyrillic letters!

Caps	Minisculs	Name	Prononciation IPA	Transcription	English Equivalent	Sound	Letter Name in Russian	Example	Example (audio)
А	а	а	/a/	a	А а	Like "a" in car	"ah"	а́том
Б	б	бэ	/b/, /bʲ/	b	B b	Like "b" in bat	"beh"	бато́н
В	в	вэ	/v/, /vʲ/	v	V v	Like "v" in van	"veh"	ва́режки
Г	г	гэ	/ɡ/, /gʲ/	g	G g	Like "g" in go	"geh"	гру́ша
Д	д	дэ	/d/, /dʲ/	d	D d	Like "d" in dog	"deh"	ды́ня
Е	е	е	/je/, / ʲe/, /e/	e	YE ye	Like "ye" in yet	"yeh"	ежеви́ка
Ё	ё	ё	/jo/, / ʲɵ/	ë	YO yo	Like "yo" in yonder	"yo"	ёж
Ж	ж	жэ	/ʐ/	ž	Zh zh	Like "s" in measure or pleasure or like "g" in beige (the colour)	"zheh"	жук
З	з	зэ	/z/, /zʲ/	z	Z z	Like "z" in zoo	"zeh"	замо́к
И	и	и	/i/, / ʲi/,, /ɨ/	i	EE ee	Like "ee" in see	"ee"	икра́
Й	й	и краткое	/j/	j	I i or Y y	like "y" in boy or toy	"ee kratkoyeh"	йо́гурт
К	к	ка	/k/, /kʲ/	k	K k	Like "k" in kitten, "c" in cat.	"kah"	клубни́ка
Л	л	эл, эль	/l/, /lʲ/	l	L l	Like "l" in light	"ehl"	лимо́н
М	м	эм	/m/, /mʲ/	m	M m	Like "m" in mat	"ehm"	мали́на
Н	н	эн	/n/, /ɲ/	n	N n	Like "n" in no	"ehn"	носки́
О	о	о	/o/, /ɐ/	o	Stressed: O o Unstressed: A a	Like "o" in bore Like "a" in car	"oh"	о́вощи
П	п	пэ	/p/, /pʲ/	p	P p	Like "p" in pot	"peh"	пе́рец
Р	р	эр	/r/, /rʲ/	r	R r	Like "r" in run (rolled)	"ehr"	ры́ба
С	с	эс	/s/, /sʲ/	s	S s	Like "s" in sam	"ehs"	стул
Т	т	тэ	/t/, /tʲ/	t	T t	Like "t" in tap	"teh"	торт
У	у	у	/u/	u	U u	Like "oo" in boot	"oo"	у́дочка
Ф	ф	эф	/f/, /fʲ/	f	F f	Like "f" in fat	"ehf"	фру́кты
Х	х	ха	/x/, /xʲ/	x	H h, KH kh	Like "h" in hello or like the "ch" in Scottish 'loch' or German 'Bach'	"khah"	хво́я
Ц	ц	цэ	/t͡s/	c	TS ts	Like "ts" in bits	"tseh"	ци́фры
Ч	ч	че	/t͡ɕ/	č	CH ch	Like "ch" in chip	"cheh"	ча́шка
Ш	ш	ша	/ʂ/	š	SH sh (hard)	Like "sh" in shut	"shah"	ша́пка
Щ	щ	ща	/ɕɕ/	šč	SH sh (soft)	Like "sh" in sheep	"schyah"	щётка
Ъ	ъ	твёрдый знак		''	Hard Sign	Letter before is hard	"tvyordiy znahk"	съесть
Ы	ы	ы	/ɨ/	y	I i	Like "i" in ill	"i"	ты
Ь	ь	мягкий знак	/ ʲ/	'	Soft Sign	Letter before is soft	"myagkeey znahk"	есть
Э	э	э	/e/	è	E e	Like "e" in pet	"eh"	экра́н
Ю	ю	ю	/ju/, / ʲu/	ju	YU yu	Like "u" in use or university	"yoo"	ю́бка
Я	я	я	/ja/, / ʲa/	ja	YA ya	Like "ya" in yard.	"yah"	блоко

Notes

The Russian l is velar, it is pronounced as English well or as the old French chevals: one pronounced then s of the plural (that is why the pronunciation was then modified in "cheva-or "Then" chevo "writes Chevaux)

At the end of the word, the sound consonants become deaf, as in German, they pronounce then:

• b > p
• v > f
• g > k
• d > t
• z > s 

The Russian has 5 vocalic phonemes noted by 10 graphemes: 

a	e	i	o	u
а	э	ы	о	у	After a hard consonant
я	е	и	ё	ю	After a soft consonant or yod

NOTE: If Russian word contains 'ё', the accent is always on this vowel. Therefore, the accent mark is not placed above 'ё'.

The use of the letter 'ё' is mandatory in texts with consistently placed accent marks, in books for young children (including textbooks for elementary school students), in textbooks for foreigners. In ordinary printed texts, it`s written in cases where a misreading of the word is possible, when it`s necessary to indicate the correct pronunciation of a rare word or to prevent a speech error. The letter 'ё' should also be written in proper names. In other cases, the use of 'ё' is optional.

Examples

(In brackets the transcription & bracketed phonetics)

ад (ad) [at] Hell	яд (jad) [jat] poison
мыло (mylo) [mɨlo] soap	мило (milo) [mjilo] nice
лук (luk) [luk] onion	люк (ljuk) [ljuk] hatch

These wet sounds are not necessarily transcribed in French. Thus the name of the first president of Russia was Борис Ельцин in Russian, Boris Yeltsin in English and French: Boris Yeltsin (but pronouncing "Yeltsin").

Italic characters

The cursive letters which are significantly different from the normal printed version are noted in bold.

Those are worth learning because they are often used and look like the hand-written form of Russian.

А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ё ё	Ж ж	З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м	Н н	О о	П п	Р р	С с	Т т	У у	Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш	Щ щ	Ъ ъ	Ы ы	Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я
А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ё ё	Ж ж	З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м	Н н	О о	П п	Р р	С с	Т т	У у	Ф ф	Х х	Ц ц	Ч ч	Ш ш	Щ щ	Ъ ъ	Ы ы	Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я

Cursive Letters (hand writing

Watch the video below to learn how to write the cursive language letters of the Russian alphabet:

Russian Keyboard

Real Russian Keyboard

This is what a Russian keyboard looks like:

Transform your keyboard to write Cyrillic

This video explains how you can write Russian/Cyrillic letter stickers on your native keyboard with the use of Russian letter sticker:

Russian Online Virtual Keyboard

Type directly without the need to change the settings of your device: