Difference between revisions of "Language/German/Grammar/Future-Tense"

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== How to express the future in German ==
== How to express the future in German ==
Both futures in German are expressed quite similar to their English counterparts with the auxiliary verb ”werden” (devenir en français).  
Future Tense in German is expressed quite similar to their English counterparts with the auxiliary verb ”werden” (devenir en français).  


This verb has 2 meanings: As a full verb it means development, growth, but it’s also the explicit future form of the only verb that has actually a future of it’s own - the auxiliary verb ”sein” (to be).
This verb has 2 meanings: As a full verb, it means development and growth, but it’s also the explicit future form of the only verb that actually has a future of its own - the auxiliary verb ”sein” (to be).


* So the future I of a verb is formed by <code>werden + infinitiv of the verb itself</code>;
* So the future I of a verb is formed by <code>werden + infinitiv of the verb itself</code>;
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Also the reason for these constructions is quite simple.  
Also, the reason for these constructions is quite simple.  


The German language family (les langues germanophones) had a lack of future forms. Their need came with the translation of the bible, about the 7th century, when the translation of prophecies of the end of the world required a temporal form of expressing events in the future the monks used the full verb ”werden” (in german) and will/shall (in English).
The Germanic language family (les langues germanophones) lacked future forms. Their need came with the translation of the bible, about the 7th century, when the translation of prophecies of the end of the world required a temporal form of expressing events in the future, the monks used the complete verb ”werden” (in german) and will/shall (in English).


=== '''Table with the finalizations in the Future tense''' ===
=== '''Table with the finalizations in the Future tense''' ===
Line 23: Line 23:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!'''<big>Pronouns in English</big>'''
!'''<big>English</big>'''
!'''<big>Future Tense</big>'''
!'''<big>German</big>'''
|-
|-
|I will ...
|I will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + werde + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + werde + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|-
|You will ...
|You will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + wirst + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + wirst + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|-
|He will ...
|He will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + wird + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + wird + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|-
|She will ...
|She will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + wird + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + wird + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|-
|We will ...
|We will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + werden + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|-
|You will ...
|You will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + werdet + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + werdet + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|-
|They will ...
|They will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + werden + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]
|-
|-
|They will ...
|They will ...
|'''<big>Pronoun + werden + verb in the infinitive</big>'''
|[pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]
|}
|}


== Examples ==
== Examples ==


=== '''Verb : To work (arbeiten)''' ===
=== '''Verb : to work: arbeiten''' ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
'''<big>English</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!<big>'''ENGLISH'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>GERMAN</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|-
|I
|I
|will work
|will work
|'''<big>Ich werde</big>'''
|Ich
'''<big>arbeiten</big>'''
|werde arbeiten
|-
|-
|You
|You
|will work
|will work
|'''<big>Du wirst</big>'''
|Du
'''<big>arbeiten</big>'''
|wirst arbeiten
|-
|-
|He
|He
|will work
|will work
|<big>'''Er wird'''</big> 
|Er
<big>'''arbeiten'''</big>
|wird arbeiten
|-
|-
|She
|She
|will work
|will work
|<big>'''sie wird'''</big>
|Sie
<big>'''arbeiten'''</big>
|wird arbeiten
|-
|-
|We
|We
|will work
|will work
|'''<big>Wir werden</big>'''
|Wir
'''<big>arbeiten</big>'''
|werden arbeiten
|-
|-
|You
|You (plur)
|will work (plur)
|will work
|'''<big>Ihr werdet</big>'''
|Ihr
'''<big>arbeiten</big>'''
|werdet arbeiten
|-
|-
|They
|They
|will work (masc)
|will work
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
|Sie
'''<big>arbeiten</big>'''
|werden arbeiten
|-
|They
|will work (fem)
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
'''<big>arbeiten</big>'''
|}
|}
.
.


=== '''Verb : To buy (kaufen)''' ===
=== '''Verb : to buy: kaufen''' ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
'''<big>English</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!<big>'''ENGLISH'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>GERMAN</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|-
|I
|I
|will buy
|will buy
|'''<big>Ich werde</big>'''
|Ich
'''<big>kaufen</big>'''
|werde kaufen
|-
|-
|You
|You
|will buy
|will buy
|'''<big>Du wirst</big>'''
|Du
'''<big>kaufen</big>'''
|wirst kaufen
|-
|-
|He
|He
|will buy
|will buy
|<big>'''Er wird'''</big>
|Er
<big>'''kaufen'''</big>
|wird kaufen
|-
|-
|She
|She
|will buy
|will buy
|<big>'''sie wird'''</big>
|Sie
<big>'''kaufen'''</big>
|wird kaufen
|-
|-
|We
|We
|will buy
|will buy
|'''<big>Wir werden</big>'''
|Wir
'''<big>kaufen</big>'''
|werden kaufen
|-
|-
|You
|You (plur)
|will buy (plur)
|will buy
|'''<big>Ihr werdet</big>'''
|Ihr
'''<big>kaufen</big>'''
|werdet kaufen
|-
|-
|They
|They
|will buy (masc)
|will buy
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
|Sie
'''<big>kaufen</big>'''
|werden kaufen
|-
|They
|will buy (fem)
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
'''<big>kaufen</big>'''
|}
|}
.
.


=== '''Verb : To come (ankommen)''' ===
=== '''Verb : to come: ankommen''' ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
'''<big>English</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!<big>'''ENGLISH'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>GERMAN</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|-
|I
|I
|will come
|will come
|'''<big>Ich werde</big>'''
|Ich
'''<big>ankomen</big>'''
|werde ankomen
|-
|-
|You
|You
|will come
|will come
|'''<big>Du wirst</big>'''
|Du
'''<big>ankomen</big>'''
|wirst ankomen
|-
|-
|He
|He
|will come
|will come
|<big>'''Er wird'''</big>
|Er
<big>'''ankomen'''</big>
|wird ankomen
|-
|-
|She
|She
|will come
|will come
|<big>'''sie wird'''</big>
|Sie
<big>'''ankomen'''</big>
|wird ankomen
|-
|-
|We
|We
|will come
|will come
|'''<big>Wir werden</big>'''
|Wir
'''<big>ankomen</big>'''
|werden ankomen
|-
|-
|You
|You (plur)
|will come (plur)
|will come
|'''<big>Ihr werdet</big>'''
|Ihr
'''<big>ankomen</big>'''
|werdet ankomen
|-
|-
|They
|They
|will come (mas)
|will come
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
|Sie
'''<big>ankomen</big>'''
|werden ankomen
|-
|They
|will come (fem)
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
'''<big>ankomen</big>'''
|}
|}
.
.


=== '''Verb : To help (helfen)''' ===
=== '''Verb : to help: helfen''' ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
!'''<big>Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
'''<big>English</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
!<big>'''ENGLISH'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>GERMAN</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
 
|-
|-
|I
|I
|will help
|will help
|'''<big>Ich werde</big>'''
|Ich
'''<big>helfen</big>'''
|werde helfen
|-
|-
|You
|You
|will help
|will help
|'''<big>Du wirst</big>'''
|Du
'''<big>helfen</big>'''
|wirst helfen
|-
|-
|He
|He
|will help
|will help
|<big>'''Er wird'''</big>
|Er  
<big>'''helfen'''</big>
|wird helfen
|-
|-
|She
|She
|will help
|will help
|<big>'''sie wird'''</big>
|Sie
<big>'''helfen'''</big>
|wird helfen
|-
|-
|We
|We
|will help
|will help
|'''<big>Wir werden</big>'''
|Wir
'''<big>helfen</big>'''
|werden helfen
|-
|-
|You
|You (plur)
|will help (plur)
|will help
|'''<big>Ihr werdet</big>'''
|Ihr
'''<big>helfen</big>'''
|werdet helfen
|-
|-
|They
|They
|will help (mas)
|will help
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
|Sie
'''<big>helfen</big>'''
|werden helfen
|-
|They
|will help (fem)
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
'''<big>helfen</big>'''
|}
|}
.
.


=== '''Verb : To let (lassen)''' ===
=== '''Verb : to let: lassen''' ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|-
|'''<big>Pronouns</big>'''
!'''<big>English Pronouns</big>'''
'''<big>English</big>'''
!<big>'''English Verbs'''</big>
|<big>'''ENGLISH'''</big>
!'''<big>German Pronouns</big>'''
|'''<big>GERMAN</big>'''
!'''<big>German Verbs</big>'''
|-
|-
|I
|I
|will let
|will let
|'''<big>Ich werde</big>'''
|Ich
'''<big>lassen</big>'''
|werde lassen
|-
|-
|You
|You
|will let
|will let
|'''<big>Du wirst</big>'''
|Du
'''<big>lassen</big>'''
|wirst lassen
|-
|-
|He
|He
|will let
|will let
|<big>'''Er wird'''</big>
|Er
<big>'''lassen'''</big>
|wird lassen
|-
|-
|She
|She
|will let
|will let
|<big>'''sie wird'''</big>
|Sie
<big>'''lassen'''</big>
|wird lassen
|-
|-
|We
|We
|will let
|will let
|'''<big>Wir werden</big>'''
|Wir
'''<big>lassen</big>'''
|werden lassen
|-
|-
|You
|You (plur)
|will let (plur)
|will let
|'''<big>Ihr werdet</big>'''
|Ihr
'''<big>lassen</big>'''
|werdet lassen
|-
|-
|They
|They
|will let (mas)
|will let
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
|Sie
'''<big>lassen</big>'''
|werden lassen
|-
|They
|will let (fem)
|'''<big>Sie werden</big>'''
'''<big>lassen</big>'''
|}
|}


Revision as of 04:32, 20 May 2022

Learn-german-polyglot-club2.jpg

How to express the future in German

Future Tense in German is expressed quite similar to their English counterparts with the auxiliary verb ”werden” (devenir en français).

This verb has 2 meanings: As a full verb, it means development and growth, but it’s also the explicit future form of the only verb that actually has a future of its own - the auxiliary verb ”sein” (to be).

  • So the future I of a verb is formed by werden + infinitiv of the verb itself;
  • future II is formed with werden + particip perfect of the verb + sein.

Example with to go:

  • Present tense: Ich gehe, du gehst, er geht, wir gehen, ihr geht, sie gehen.
  • Future I: Ich werde gehen, du wirst gehen, er wird gehen, wir werden gehen, ihr werdet gehen, sie werden gehen
  • Future II: Ich werde gegangen sein, du wirst gegangen sein, er wird gegangen sein, wir werden gegangen sein, ihr werdet gegangen sein, sie werden gegangen sein.


Also, the reason for these constructions is quite simple.

The Germanic language family (les langues germanophones) lacked future forms. Their need came with the translation of the bible, about the 7th century, when the translation of prophecies of the end of the world required a temporal form of expressing events in the future, the monks used the complete verb ”werden” (in german) and will/shall (in English).

Table with the finalizations in the Future tense

.

English German
I will ... [pronoun] + werde + [verb in the infinitive]
You will ... [pronoun] + wirst + [verb in the infinitive]
He will ... [pronoun] + wird + [verb in the infinitive]
She will ... [pronoun] + wird + [verb in the infinitive]
We will ... [pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]
You will ... [pronoun] + werdet + [verb in the infinitive]
They will ... [pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]
They will ... [pronoun] + werden + [verb in the infinitive]

Examples

Verb : to work: arbeiten

English Pronouns English Verbs German Pronouns German Verbs
I will work Ich werde arbeiten
You will work Du wirst arbeiten
He will work Er wird arbeiten
She will work Sie wird arbeiten
We will work Wir werden arbeiten
You (plur) will work Ihr werdet arbeiten
They will work Sie werden arbeiten

.

Verb : to buy: kaufen

English Pronouns English Verbs German Pronouns German Verbs
I will buy Ich werde kaufen
You will buy Du wirst kaufen
He will buy Er wird kaufen
She will buy Sie wird kaufen
We will buy Wir werden kaufen
You (plur) will buy Ihr werdet kaufen
They will buy Sie werden kaufen

.

Verb : to come: ankommen

English Pronouns English Verbs German Pronouns German Verbs
I will come Ich werde ankomen
You will come Du wirst ankomen
He will come Er wird ankomen
She will come Sie wird ankomen
We will come Wir werden ankomen
You (plur) will come Ihr werdet ankomen
They will come Sie werden ankomen

.

Verb : to help: helfen

English Pronouns English Verbs German Pronouns German Verbs
I will help Ich werde helfen
You will help Du wirst helfen
He will help Er wird helfen
She will help Sie wird helfen
We will help Wir werden helfen
You (plur) will help Ihr werdet helfen
They will help Sie werden helfen

.

Verb : to let: lassen

English Pronouns English Verbs German Pronouns German Verbs
I will let Ich werde lassen
You will let Du wirst lassen
He will let Er wird lassen
She will let Sie wird lassen
We will let Wir werden lassen
You (plur) will let Ihr werdet lassen
They will let Sie werden lassen

Videos

The Future Tense in German

German Future Tense Tutorial


Sources

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