Language/Polish/Grammar/Prepositions

Prepositions: which one to use? under what conditions? or when? Here are some explanations .....

§        The preposition NAD

o       When the verb expresses a displacement , the preposition nad is followed by the accusative.

ex: My jedziemy nad morze , a dzieci nad jezioro We go to the seaside, and the children, to the shores of a lake.

o       When the verb does not express displacement , the preposition nad is followed by the instrumental .

ex: My spędzamy wakacje nad morzem , a dzieci nad jeziorem . We spend the holidays by the sea, and the children by a lake.

§        The preposition W followed by the accusative

o       It is used to express a complement of time, in particular the days of the week: w ponieziałek, we wtorek, w środę, w czwartek .........

ex: When will you be home? I'll be home on Monday . Quand seras-tu à la maison? Je serai à la maison lundi.

o       In some cases, the preposition w indicates the destination.

ex: Pojedziemy w góry - We will go to the mountain.

NB: w has the long form we in front of certain groups of consonants.

§        The preposition za

o       In a temporal sense, it is followed by the accusative and indicates how soon an action will take place.

ex: pojedziemy na wakacje za tydzień . We will be going on vacation in a week. Or: Za godzinę wyjeżdżam do Warszawy. In an hour, I'm leaving for Warsaw.

§        The prepositions od and do

They are followed by the genitive. The complements introduced by these prepositions mark an interval:

o       in time :

eg: Będę tam od wtorku do soboty = I will be there from Tuesday to Saturday. Od godziny czekam na ciebie = I've been waiting for you for an hour. Mam dwiegodziny do odjazdu = I have two hours until (before) my departure.

o       in space :

ex: Od przystanku autobusowego do teatru jest jeszcze daleko. It's still a long way from the bus stop to the theater.

§        The CO particle

The particle co preceding a name with temporal value marks the periodicity.

o       Co godzina = Every hour (every hour)

o       Co dzień = Every day (every day)

o       Co drugi dzień = Every other day

o       Co dwa dni = every two days

o       Co niedziela = Every Sunday (every Sunday)

o       Co tydzień = Every week (every week)

o       Co miesiąc = Every month (every month)

o       Co rok or co roku = Every year (every year)

o       Co dwa lata = Every two years

§        List and translations of prepositions

Prepositions	Polish prepositions
prepositions	Przyimki
interior of the house	w domu
car exterior	poza samochodem
with me	ze mną
without him	bez niego
under the table	pod stołem
after tomorrow	pojutrze
before sunset	przed zachodem słońca
but i'm busy	ale jestem zajęta (gender)

Prepositions	o
on	powyżej
above	przez
through	za/ po
after	naprzeciw
vs	między
Between	około
around	jako
like	na, w, u, przy
at	przed
before	za
behind	poniżej
below	pod
under	przy
beside	między
Between	poza
beyond	ale
corn	przez
through	mimo
despite	w dół
down	podczas
during	poza
except	dla
for	z
from	na
in	wewnątrz
inside	w
in	blisko
near	obok
next	z
of	na
on	naprzeciwko
opposite	poza
out	na zewnątrz
outside	przez
on	za/ na
for	plus
more	naokoło
around	ponieważ/ od/ odkąd
since	niż
than	przez
through	do
up to	do
at	ku
toward	pod
under	inaczej
contrary to	do
until	w górę
up to	przez
through	z
with	w ciągu
in	bez
without
	dwa słowa
two words	zgodnie z
according to	z powodu
because	w pobliżu
beside	ze względu na
due to	z wyjątkiem
with the exception of	z dala od
far from	wewnątrz
inside	zamiast
instead of	blisko
near	obok
beside	poza
apart from	przed
before
	trzy słowa
three words	o ile
as much as	oraz
as good as	dodatkowo
in addition to	przed
in front of	wbrew
despite	w imieniu
on behalf of	behalf
above	dodatkowo
demonstrative pronouns	zaimki wskazujące
that this	to
that one, that one	tamto
those	te
those	tamtych

§        The prepositions as declination indices.

	declination
Similar French preposition	genitive	dative	accusative	instrumental	rental
to (direction), from, for	to, from, for
at (place)	u
next to, near, among / between	next to, circle, among
without, except	without, except
with, from	z, ze			z, ze
toward		ku
thanks to		Thanks
vs		against
by, through			by
at (place), on, after			on, o, after		on, o, after
behind, under			for, under	for, under
in			w, we		w, we
in front of					by
through, among / between, on (space)			before, between, over	before, between, over

Prepositions in Polish

ENGLISH	POLISH	PRONUNCIATION IN ENGLISH	BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE
at	w	veh	à / às
against	przeciwko	psheh chihv koh	contra
about	o	oh	sobre (a respeito)
below	poniżej	poh nih zhay	abaixo
before	przed	psheht	antes
between	pomiędzy	poh mih ehnd zeh	entre
behind	za	zah	atrás
but	ale	ah leh	mas
during	w trakcie	vih trahk cheh	durante
from	z	zeh	de (origem)
in	w	veh	em / no / na
of	z	zeh	(de) / (da) / (dos) / (das)
on	na	nah	sobre (encima)
under	pod	pohd	embaixo
with	z	zeh	com
without	bez	behz	sem