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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sinhala|Sinhala]]  → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Unit 5: Advanced Grammar → Conditional and Subjunctive</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Sinhala|Sinhala]]  → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Sinhala/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Conditional and Subjunctive</div>
 
In the Sinhala language, expressing possibilities, wishes, and hypothetical scenarios is a crucial aspect of communication. The conditional and subjunctive forms allow speakers to convey emotions and thoughts that stretch beyond the present reality. Understanding these grammatical structures will not only enhance your fluency but also give you the ability to express nuanced ideas effectively.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the conditional and subjunctive forms in detail, providing you with the tools to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions in Sinhala. This lesson is designed for complete beginners and will guide you through the essentials, using clear examples and practical exercises.


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== Introduction ==
=== Importance of Conditional and Subjunctive in Sinhala ===
 
Using conditional and subjunctive forms is essential for creating meaningful sentences that reflect your intentions. These grammatical aspects are particularly useful in everyday conversation, allowing you to:
 
* Express wishes: "I wish I could go to the party."
 
* State conditions: "If it rains, I will stay home."
 
* Make suggestions: "If you need help, let me know."
 
By mastering these forms, you will be able to engage in richer conversations and convey your messages with clarity.
 
=== Structure of the Lesson ===
 
This lesson will be divided into the following sections:
 
* Overview of Conditional and Subjunctive
 
* Examples of Conditional Sentences
 
* Examples of Subjunctive Sentences
 
* Exercises for Practice
 
* Solutions and Explanations
 
== Overview of Conditional and Subjunctive ==


Welcome to Unit 5 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this unit, we will dive into the advanced grammar concepts of conditional and subjunctive forms in the Sinhala language. These forms are used to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions. Mastering these forms will allow you to communicate more effectively and express your thoughts and desires with precision.
The conditional form in Sinhala is used to express situations that depend on certain conditions. The subjunctive, on the other hand, expresses wishes, desires, or hypotheticals that may not necessarily align with reality.  


Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various aspects of conditional and subjunctive forms, providing clear explanations, numerous examples, and engaging practice exercises. By the end of this unit, you will have a solid understanding of how to use these forms in your Sinhala conversations.
=== Conditional Form ===


Let's get started!
The conditional form in Sinhala is often marked by specific conjunctions (like "if") and verb forms that suggest a condition or possibility.


== Conditional Forms ==
=== Subjunctive Form ===


Conditional forms are used to express hypothetical situations or conditions. They allow us to talk about what could happen or what would happen if certain conditions are met. In Sinhala, conditional forms are created by combining the conditional marker "නේ" (ne) with the verb.
The subjunctive is often used to express wishes or desires and can be identified by specific verb conjugations that differ from the indicative mood.


=== Present Conditional ===
== Examples of Conditional Sentences ==


To form the present conditional, we add the conditional marker "නේ" (ne) after the verb stem.
Let's explore some examples of conditional sentences.  


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
 
| එය වැහි වැටුනහොත්, මට නිවාසයෙන් පිටවිය යුතුයි. || eya væhi væṭunahoth, maṭa nivāsayen piṭaviya yuthu. || If it rains, I have to leave the house.
 
|-
|-
| උසස්පෙන් || usaspen || study
 
| ඔබට සෙල්ලම් කරන්න ඉඩ දුන්නේ නම්, මම ආයෙත් එන්නම්. || obata sellam karanna iḍa dunne nam, mama āyet ennam. || If you allow me to play, I will come again.
 
|-
|-
| කරන්නේ || karanne || do
 
| මට අලුත් කුඩු ගන්නවා නම්, මට වැඩිම ප්‍රයෝජනක් ලැබෙනවා. || maṭa aluth kudu gannavā nam, maṭa væḍima prayōjanak labenavā. || If I buy a new bike, I will get more benefits.
 
|-
|-
| මෙහෙම || mehem || here
 
| ඔබට මට උදව් කරන්න හිතනවා නම්, කරුණාකර සතුටින් එන්න. || obata maṭa udav karanna hithanavā nam, karuṇākara saṭuṭin enna. || If you think of helping me, please come happily.
 
|-
|-
| සිටින || sitina || sit
 
| එය විශ්වාස කළහොත්, ඔබට ඉතා හොඳ නිෂ්පාදන අත් කරගන්න පුළුවන්. || eya viśvāsakaḷahoth, obata ithā hoḍa niṣpādana ath karaganna puḷuvan. || If you believe it, you can achieve great results.
 
|-
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
 
| මට කාර්යාලය යන්න අවශ්‍ය නම්, මට පෙර නිදාගන්න ඕනෙයි. || maṭa kāryālaya yanna avashya nam, maṭa pera nidāganna ōneyi. || If I need to go to the office, I should sleep early.
 
|-
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
 
| ඔබට හොඳම විකල්පය තෝරාගන්න ඉඩ දුන්නේ නම්, ඔබට සතුටු වෙයි. || obata hoḍama vikālpaya thōrāganna iḍa dunne nam, obata saṭuṭu vei. || If you are given the chance to choose the best option, you will be happy.
 
|-
|-
| විස්තුරු || visthuru || know
 
| අපි කටයුතු කරනවා නම්, අපට ජයග්‍රහණය කරගන්න පුළුවන්. || api kaṭayuthu karanavā nam, apaṭa jayagrahaṇaya karaganna puḷuvan. || If we act, we can achieve victory.
 
|-
|-
| බලන්නේ || balanne || want
 
|-
| ඔබට එය ප්‍රමාණවත් නම්, මට සතුටු වෙමි. || obata eya pramāṇavat nam, maṭa saṭuṭu vemi. || If it is sufficient for you, I will be happy.
| ඔයා || oya || you
 
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඒ || e || that
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
|-
| ඔබට නිවාඩු දෙනවා නම්, මට මිත්‍රයාගේ ජාතිකත්වය ලැබෙනවා. || obata nivāḍu denavā nam, maṭa mithrayāgē jāthikathvaya labenavā. || If you give me leave, I will get my friend's nationality.
|}
|}


In the example above, we see how the present conditional is formed by adding "නේ" (ne) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the present tense.
== Examples of Subjunctive Sentences ==


=== Past Conditional ===
Now, let’s look at some examples of subjunctive sentences.


To form the past conditional, we add the conditional marker "හතර" (hathara) after the verb stem.
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English


Example:
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| නැත්තෙන් || neththen || not
 
| මට ඔබට ඕනෑ නම්, මට උදව් කරන්න පුළුවන්. || maṭa obata ōnā nam, maṭa udav karanna puḷuvan. || If I need you, I can help.
 
|-
|-
| පහසුවෙන් || pahasuwen || laugh
 
| මට ඔබට හාස‍යයක් කිරීමට අවශ්‍යයි. || maṭa obata hāsyayak kirīmaṭa avashyai. || I wish to make you laugh.
 
|-
|-
| කරන්නේ || karanne || do
 
| එය හොඳයි කියනවා නම්, මට වඩා හොඳ තාක්ෂණයක් ලබා දීලා යාවත්කාලීන කරන්න. || eya hoḍayi kiyanavā nam, maṭa vaḍā hoḍa tākṣaṇayak labā dīlā yāvatkālīna karanna. || If it is good, give me a better technology to update.
 
|-
|-
| දියුණුවෙන් || diyunuwenn || learn
 
| මට ඔබට සමාවන්න උනන්දුවක් ඇති නම්, මට සතුටුයි. || maṭa obata samāvanṇa unanduvak æti nam, maṭa saṭuṭuyi. || If you have an inclination to forgive me, I am happy.
 
|-
|-
| ඇය || aya || she
 
| මට ඔබට මගේ පනස්වෙනි වර්ෂයේ සුභ පැතුම් කියන්න අවශ්‍යයි. || maṭa obata mage panasveni varṣaye subha pæṭhum kiyanṇa avashyai. || I wish to wish you the best for my fiftieth birthday.
 
|-
|-
| සිටින්නේ || sitina || sit
 
| මට නිදහසක් තිබුණොත්, මට රටේ සතුටුමත් අවස්ථාවක් ගන්න පුළුවන්. || maṭa nidahasak tibunoth, maṭa raṭē saṭuṭumat avasthāvak ganna puḷuvan. || If I had freedom, I could have the happiest moments in the country.
 
|-
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
 
| මට ඔබට කතා කිරීමට අවශ්‍යයි. || maṭa obata kathā kirīmaṭa avashyai. || I wish to talk to you.
 
|-
|-
| ලිවී || livi || give
 
| මට ඔබට අලුත්ම සිහිනක් පෙන්වන්න ඕනෑයි. || maṭa obata aluthma sihinak penvanṇa ōnāyi. || I want to show you a new dream.
 
|-
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
 
|-
| මට ඔබට උපදෙස් ලබා දීමට අයෙත් අවශ්‍යයි. || maṭa obata upadæśa labā dīmaṭa ayet avashyai. || I want to give you advice again.
| ලිවී || livi || give
 
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
|-
| ලිවී || livi || give
|-
| ඔහුට || ohut || to him
|-
| ලිවී || livi || give
|-
|-
| මට ඔබට මගේ කතාන්දරය කියන්න අවශ්‍යයි. || maṭa obata mage kathāndarayak kiyanṇa avashyai. || I wish to tell you my story.
|}
|}


In the example above, we see how the past conditional is formed by adding "හතර" (hathara) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the past tense.
== Exercises for Practice ==
 
Now, let's put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises to help you practice what you've learned.
 
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===
 
Complete the following sentences using the correct conditional or subjunctive forms.
 
1. If I had the time, I would __________ (go) to the beach.
 
2. I wish I could __________ (speak) Sinhala fluently.
 
3. If it were sunny, we would __________ (have) a picnic.
 
4. I would love it if you __________ (join) us for dinner.
 
5. If you needed help, I would __________ (be) happy to assist.
 
=== Exercise 2: Rewrite the Sentences ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences to express them conditionally or subjunctively.
 
1. I want to travel to Sri Lanka.
 
2. If it rains, I will stay home.
 
3. I wish I could see the ocean.
 
4. If you visit me, I would be grateful.
 
5. I would be happy if you came to my party.
 
=== Exercise 3: Translation Practice ===
 
Translate the following sentences from English to Sinhala using the conditional or subjunctive forms.
 
1. If I could, I would help you.
 
2. I wish for a new car.
 
3. If you were here, we would be together.
 
4. I would be sad if you left.
 
5. If it is okay, I will go.
 
=== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ===
 
Create five original sentences using conditional and subjunctive forms. Share them with your classmates for feedback.
 
=== Exercise 5: Pair Work ===


=== Future Conditional ===
In pairs, practice using conditional and subjunctive forms in conversation. One person should make a statement, and the other should respond using the appropriate grammatical form.


To form the future conditional, we add the conditional marker "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem.
== Solutions and Explanations ==


Example:
Now, let's go through the exercises and provide detailed solutions and explanations.
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| කරන්නේ || karanne || do
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඒ || e || that
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
| ඔයා || oya || you
|-
| ගෙනෙමින් || genemen || go
|-
| නුවන් || nuwan || tomorrow
|-
|}


In the example above, we see how the future conditional is formed by adding "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem. This allows us to express hypothetical situations or conditions in the future tense.
=== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ===


== Subjunctive Forms ==
1. If I had the time, I would '''go''' to the beach.


Subjunctive forms are used to express wishes, suggestions, doubts, and hypothetical situations. They allow us to talk about what we want to happen or what we think might happen. In Sinhala, subjunctive forms are created by combining the subjunctive marker "ට" (ta) with the verb.
* Explanation: This sentence uses the conditional form to express a hypothetical situation.


=== Present Subjunctive ===
2. I wish I could '''speak''' Sinhala fluently.


To form the present subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "ට" (ta) after the verb stem.
* Explanation: The subjunctive form is used here to express a desire.


Example:
3. If it were sunny, we would '''have''' a picnic.
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඇය || aya || she
|-
| සම්බන්ධව || sambandhawa || meet
|-
| බලාගන්න || balaganna || want
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| ඉන්නවා || innawa || come
|-
|}


In the example above, we see how the present subjunctive is formed by adding "ට" (ta) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the present tense.
* Explanation: This sentence is conditional, presenting a possibility.


=== Past Subjunctive ===
4. I would love it if you '''joined''' us for dinner.


To form the past subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "වේ" (we) after the verb stem.
* Explanation: This expresses a wish using the subjunctive form.


Example:
5. If you needed help, I would '''be''' happy to assist.
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| මාව || mawa || me
|-
| ඇය || aya || she
|-
| හුවමාරු වේ || huvamaru we || find
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
| මාගේ || mage || my
|-
| තමාව || thamawa || you
|-
|}


In the example above, we see how the past subjunctive is formed by adding "වේ" (we) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the past tense.
* Explanation: This conditional form shows willingness to help under certain conditions.


=== Future Subjunctive ===
=== Exercise 2: Rewrite the Sentences ===


To form the future subjunctive, we add the subjunctive marker "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem.
1. I wish to travel to Sri Lanka. → If I could, I would travel to Sri Lanka.


Example:
2. If it rains, I will stay home. → I would stay home if it rains.
{| class="wikitable"
! Sinhala !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| පිටවෙන්නේ || pitewenne || read
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
| මම || mama || I
|-
| සිංහලට || sinhala ta || Sinhala
|-
|}


In the example above, we see how the future subjunctive is formed by adding "නුවන්" (nuwan) after the verb stem. This allows us to express wishes, suggestions, and hypothetical situations in the future tense.
3. I wish I could see the ocean. → If I were to see the ocean, I would be happy.


== Cultural Insight ==
4. If you visit me, I would be grateful. → I would be grateful if you visited me.


In Sinhala culture, conditional and subjunctive forms are commonly used to express politeness and respect. For example, when making requests or giving suggestions, it is common to use the subjunctive forms to show deference to the listener. This linguistic feature reflects the cultural value placed on humility and politeness in Sinhala society.
5. I would be happy if you came to my party. → If you come to my party, I would be happy.


Historically, Sinhala has been influenced by various languages and cultures. The use of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala can be traced back to the influence of Sanskrit, which has a rich tradition of using these forms to express hypothetical and uncertain situations. As Sinhala developed as an independent language, it incorporated these forms into its grammar, resulting in the unique conditional and subjunctive structures we see today.
=== Exercise 3: Translation Practice ===


== Practice Exercises ==
1. If I could, I would help you. → මට පුළුවන් නම්, මට ඔබට උදව් කරන්න ඕනෙයි.


Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala. Try to complete each exercise to the best of your ability, and then check the solutions provided.  
2. I wish for a new car. → මට අලුත් මෝටර් රථයක් ඕනෙයි.


Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences into Sinhala using the appropriate conditional form.
3. If you were here, we would be together. → ඔබ මෙහි සිටින්නේ නම්, අපි එක්ව සිටින්නෙමු.
1. If I study, I will learn.
2. If you want, I will come.
3. If she finds it, she will give it to him.
4. If you go tomorrow, I will go too.


Solution:
4. I would be sad if you left. → ඔබ ගියා නම්, මට කණගාටු වේවි.
1. මම උසස්පෙන් අත්වීය.
2. ඔයා බලන්නේ, මම ඉන්නවා.
3. ඇය හුවමාරු වෙන්නේ, ඔහුට ලිවී.
4. ඔයා ගෙනෙමින් නුවන්, මම තවත් ගෙනෙනවා.


Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Sinhala using the appropriate subjunctive form.
5. If it is okay, I will go. → එය හොඳ නම්, මම එන්නම්.
1. I want to meet you.
2. She suggests that I read Sinhala.
3. If I were you, I would go.
4. I hope you come.


Solution:
=== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ===
1. මම ඔයාට මුණගැහෙන්නේ.
2. ඇය මම සිංහලට කියනවා.
3. මම ඔයා බොහෝ විට වෙයි හැටි, මම ගෙනෙනවා.
4. මම ඔයා ඉන්නවා දැයි පැනීමට.


== Conclusion ==
Encourage students to come up with their own sentences and share them for feedback.


Congratulations on completing Unit 5 of the "Complete 0 to A1 Sinhala Course"! In this lesson, we explored the conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala, which allow us to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions. We covered the present, past, and future forms for both conditional and subjunctive, providing examples and practice exercises along the way.
=== Exercise 5: Pair Work ===


By mastering conditional and subjunctive forms, you have taken a big step towards becoming proficient in the Sinhala language. These forms will greatly enhance your ability to communicate and express yourself effectively in various contexts. Keep practicing and reviewing the material to solidify your understanding, and stay tuned for the next unit, where we will delve into the concept of passive voice in Sinhala.
Encourage students to engage in conversations, using conditional and subjunctive forms, to build their confidence in speaking.


Happy learning!
By practicing these exercises, you will solidify your understanding of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala. Remember, practice makes perfect!


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|title=Conditional and Subjunctive in Sinhala Grammar
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Latest revision as of 14:14, 1 August 2024

◀️ Adjectives and Adverbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Passive Voice ▶️

Sinhala-Language-PolyglotClub.jpg
Sinhala → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Conditional and Subjunctive

In the Sinhala language, expressing possibilities, wishes, and hypothetical scenarios is a crucial aspect of communication. The conditional and subjunctive forms allow speakers to convey emotions and thoughts that stretch beyond the present reality. Understanding these grammatical structures will not only enhance your fluency but also give you the ability to express nuanced ideas effectively.

In this lesson, we will explore the conditional and subjunctive forms in detail, providing you with the tools to express hypotheses, wishes, and suggestions in Sinhala. This lesson is designed for complete beginners and will guide you through the essentials, using clear examples and practical exercises.

Importance of Conditional and Subjunctive in Sinhala[edit | edit source]

Using conditional and subjunctive forms is essential for creating meaningful sentences that reflect your intentions. These grammatical aspects are particularly useful in everyday conversation, allowing you to:

  • Express wishes: "I wish I could go to the party."
  • State conditions: "If it rains, I will stay home."
  • Make suggestions: "If you need help, let me know."

By mastering these forms, you will be able to engage in richer conversations and convey your messages with clarity.

Structure of the Lesson[edit | edit source]

This lesson will be divided into the following sections:

  • Overview of Conditional and Subjunctive
  • Examples of Conditional Sentences
  • Examples of Subjunctive Sentences
  • Exercises for Practice
  • Solutions and Explanations

Overview of Conditional and Subjunctive[edit | edit source]

The conditional form in Sinhala is used to express situations that depend on certain conditions. The subjunctive, on the other hand, expresses wishes, desires, or hypotheticals that may not necessarily align with reality.

Conditional Form[edit | edit source]

The conditional form in Sinhala is often marked by specific conjunctions (like "if") and verb forms that suggest a condition or possibility.

Subjunctive Form[edit | edit source]

The subjunctive is often used to express wishes or desires and can be identified by specific verb conjugations that differ from the indicative mood.

Examples of Conditional Sentences[edit | edit source]

Let's explore some examples of conditional sentences.

Sinhala Pronunciation English
එය වැහි වැටුනහොත්, මට නිවාසයෙන් පිටවිය යුතුයි. eya væhi væṭunahoth, maṭa nivāsayen piṭaviya yuthu. If it rains, I have to leave the house.
ඔබට සෙල්ලම් කරන්න ඉඩ දුන්නේ නම්, මම ආයෙත් එන්නම්. obata sellam karanna iḍa dunne nam, mama āyet ennam. If you allow me to play, I will come again.
මට අලුත් කුඩු ගන්නවා නම්, මට වැඩිම ප්‍රයෝජනක් ලැබෙනවා. maṭa aluth kudu gannavā nam, maṭa væḍima prayōjanak labenavā. If I buy a new bike, I will get more benefits.
ඔබට මට උදව් කරන්න හිතනවා නම්, කරුණාකර සතුටින් එන්න. obata maṭa udav karanna hithanavā nam, karuṇākara saṭuṭin enna. If you think of helping me, please come happily.
එය විශ්වාස කළහොත්, ඔබට ඉතා හොඳ නිෂ්පාදන අත් කරගන්න පුළුවන්. eya viśvāsakaḷahoth, obata ithā hoḍa niṣpādana ath karaganna puḷuvan. If you believe it, you can achieve great results.
මට කාර්යාලය යන්න අවශ්‍ය නම්, මට පෙර නිදාගන්න ඕනෙයි. maṭa kāryālaya yanna avashya nam, maṭa pera nidāganna ōneyi. If I need to go to the office, I should sleep early.
ඔබට හොඳම විකල්පය තෝරාගන්න ඉඩ දුන්නේ නම්, ඔබට සතුටු වෙයි. obata hoḍama vikālpaya thōrāganna iḍa dunne nam, obata saṭuṭu vei. If you are given the chance to choose the best option, you will be happy.
අපි කටයුතු කරනවා නම්, අපට ජයග්‍රහණය කරගන්න පුළුවන්. api kaṭayuthu karanavā nam, apaṭa jayagrahaṇaya karaganna puḷuvan. If we act, we can achieve victory.
ඔබට එය ප්‍රමාණවත් නම්, මට සතුටු වෙමි. obata eya pramāṇavat nam, maṭa saṭuṭu vemi. If it is sufficient for you, I will be happy.
ඔබට නිවාඩු දෙනවා නම්, මට මිත්‍රයාගේ ජාතිකත්වය ලැබෙනවා. obata nivāḍu denavā nam, maṭa mithrayāgē jāthikathvaya labenavā. If you give me leave, I will get my friend's nationality.

Examples of Subjunctive Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s look at some examples of subjunctive sentences.

Sinhala Pronunciation English
මට ඔබට ඕනෑ නම්, මට උදව් කරන්න පුළුවන්. maṭa obata ōnā nam, maṭa udav karanna puḷuvan. If I need you, I can help.
මට ඔබට හාස‍යයක් කිරීමට අවශ්‍යයි. maṭa obata hāsyayak kirīmaṭa avashyai. I wish to make you laugh.
එය හොඳයි කියනවා නම්, මට වඩා හොඳ තාක්ෂණයක් ලබා දීලා යාවත්කාලීන කරන්න. eya hoḍayi kiyanavā nam, maṭa vaḍā hoḍa tākṣaṇayak labā dīlā yāvatkālīna karanna. If it is good, give me a better technology to update.
මට ඔබට සමාවන්න උනන්දුවක් ඇති නම්, මට සතුටුයි. maṭa obata samāvanṇa unanduvak æti nam, maṭa saṭuṭuyi. If you have an inclination to forgive me, I am happy.
මට ඔබට මගේ පනස්වෙනි වර්ෂයේ සුභ පැතුම් කියන්න අවශ්‍යයි. maṭa obata mage panasveni varṣaye subha pæṭhum kiyanṇa avashyai. I wish to wish you the best for my fiftieth birthday.
මට නිදහසක් තිබුණොත්, මට රටේ සතුටුමත් අවස්ථාවක් ගන්න පුළුවන්. maṭa nidahasak tibunoth, maṭa raṭē saṭuṭumat avasthāvak ganna puḷuvan. If I had freedom, I could have the happiest moments in the country.
මට ඔබට කතා කිරීමට අවශ්‍යයි. maṭa obata kathā kirīmaṭa avashyai. I wish to talk to you.
මට ඔබට අලුත්ම සිහිනක් පෙන්වන්න ඕනෑයි. maṭa obata aluthma sihinak penvanṇa ōnāyi. I want to show you a new dream.
මට ඔබට උපදෙස් ලබා දීමට අයෙත් අවශ්‍යයි. maṭa obata upadæśa labā dīmaṭa ayet avashyai. I want to give you advice again.
මට ඔබට මගේ කතාන්දරය කියන්න අවශ්‍යයි. maṭa obata mage kathāndarayak kiyanṇa avashyai. I wish to tell you my story.

Exercises for Practice[edit | edit source]

Now, let's put your knowledge to the test! Here are some exercises to help you practice what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences using the correct conditional or subjunctive forms.

1. If I had the time, I would __________ (go) to the beach.

2. I wish I could __________ (speak) Sinhala fluently.

3. If it were sunny, we would __________ (have) a picnic.

4. I would love it if you __________ (join) us for dinner.

5. If you needed help, I would __________ (be) happy to assist.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences to express them conditionally or subjunctively.

1. I want to travel to Sri Lanka.

2. If it rains, I will stay home.

3. I wish I could see the ocean.

4. If you visit me, I would be grateful.

5. I would be happy if you came to my party.

Exercise 3: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences from English to Sinhala using the conditional or subjunctive forms.

1. If I could, I would help you.

2. I wish for a new car.

3. If you were here, we would be together.

4. I would be sad if you left.

5. If it is okay, I will go.

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Create five original sentences using conditional and subjunctive forms. Share them with your classmates for feedback.

Exercise 5: Pair Work[edit | edit source]

In pairs, practice using conditional and subjunctive forms in conversation. One person should make a statement, and the other should respond using the appropriate grammatical form.

Solutions and Explanations[edit | edit source]

Now, let's go through the exercises and provide detailed solutions and explanations.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

1. If I had the time, I would go to the beach.

  • Explanation: This sentence uses the conditional form to express a hypothetical situation.

2. I wish I could speak Sinhala fluently.

  • Explanation: The subjunctive form is used here to express a desire.

3. If it were sunny, we would have a picnic.

  • Explanation: This sentence is conditional, presenting a possibility.

4. I would love it if you joined us for dinner.

  • Explanation: This expresses a wish using the subjunctive form.

5. If you needed help, I would be happy to assist.

  • Explanation: This conditional form shows willingness to help under certain conditions.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

1. I wish to travel to Sri Lanka. → If I could, I would travel to Sri Lanka.

2. If it rains, I will stay home. → I would stay home if it rains.

3. I wish I could see the ocean. → If I were to see the ocean, I would be happy.

4. If you visit me, I would be grateful. → I would be grateful if you visited me.

5. I would be happy if you came to my party. → If you come to my party, I would be happy.

Exercise 3: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

1. If I could, I would help you. → මට පුළුවන් නම්, මට ඔබට උදව් කරන්න ඕනෙයි.

2. I wish for a new car. → මට අලුත් මෝටර් රථයක් ඕනෙයි.

3. If you were here, we would be together. → ඔබ මෙහි සිටින්නේ නම්, අපි එක්ව සිටින්නෙමු.

4. I would be sad if you left. → ඔබ ගියා නම්, මට කණගාටු වේවි.

5. If it is okay, I will go. → එය හොඳ නම්, මම එන්නම්.

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Encourage students to come up with their own sentences and share them for feedback.

Exercise 5: Pair Work[edit | edit source]

Encourage students to engage in conversations, using conditional and subjunctive forms, to build their confidence in speaking.

By practicing these exercises, you will solidify your understanding of conditional and subjunctive forms in Sinhala. Remember, practice makes perfect!

Table of Contents - Sinhala Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Unit 1: Introduction


Unit 2: Basic Grammar


Unit 3: Sinhala Culture


Unit 4: Daily Life


Unit 5: Advanced Grammar


Unit 6: Sinhala Society


Unit 7: Holidays and Travel


Unit 8: Conversational Sinhala


Unit 9: Sinhala History


Unit 10: Proficiency Test Preparation


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Adjectives and Adverbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Passive Voice ▶️

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