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{{Northern-kurdish-Page-Top}}
{{Northern-kurdish-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-kurdish|Northern Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adverbs → Time Adverbs</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-kurdish|Northern Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Time Adverbs</div>
 
Welcome to the exciting world of Northern Kurdish! In this lesson, we'll dive deep into '''time adverbs''', an essential component of the language that helps you express when things happen. Understanding and using time adverbs is crucial for everyday communication, as they allow you to provide context and clarity to your statements. As a beginner, you'll find that mastering these adverbs will greatly enhance your conversational skills and understanding of the language.
 
In this lesson, we'll cover the following structure:
 
__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== What Are Time Adverbs? ===


In this lesson, we will delve into the fascinating world of time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. Time adverbs are essential in expressing when an action takes place, and they play a crucial role in constructing meaningful sentences. By understanding and practicing time adverbs, you will be able to communicate more effectively in Northern Kurdish and express yourself with accuracy and precision.
Time adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to indicate when an action occurs. They help us express time-related information such as frequency, duration, and specific moments in time. In Northern Kurdish, like in many languages, these adverbs are used to enrich our sentences and make them more informative.  


Throughout this lesson, we will explore the various types of time adverbs, their usage, and their placement within sentences. We will provide numerous examples to illustrate each point, ensuring a clear and thorough understanding of this topic. Additionally, we will explore any regional variations in the usage of time adverbs and share interesting cultural facts related to the concept of time in Northern Kurdish society.
For example, consider how saying "I eat" changes to "I eat '''now'''," or "I eat '''every day'''." The time adverb provides crucial information about when the action takes place.


To reinforce your learning, we have prepared a series of exercises and practice scenarios for you to apply what you have learned. These exercises will help solidify your understanding of time adverbs and provide you with the opportunity to practice using them in context. We will also provide solutions and explanations for each exercise to guide you along the way.
=== Common Time Adverbs in Northern Kurdish ===


Let's embark on this exciting journey into the world of time adverbs in Northern Kurdish!
Let's explore some common time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. Below is a table with examples of time adverbs, their pronunciation, and English translations:


== Types of Time Adverbs ==
{| class="wikitable"


In Northern Kurdish, there are several types of time adverbs that are used to indicate when an action takes place. These time adverbs can be categorized into three main groups: adverbs of frequency, adverbs of duration, and adverbs of specific time. Let's explore each group in detail:
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English


=== Adverbs of Frequency ===
|-


Adverbs of frequency are used to express how often an action occurs. They provide information about the regularity or repetition of an action. Here are some common adverbs of frequency in Northern Kurdish:
| '''niha''' || /niˈhɑ/ || now
 
|-
 
| '''her roj''' || /hɛr roʒ/ || every day


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| هەمیشە || hêmişe || always
 
| '''dema''' || /dɛˈmɑ/ || time
 
|-
|-
| هەموو کات || hemû kât || every time
 
| '''sala''' || /sɑˈlɑ/ || year
 
|-
|-
| هەر رۆژ || her roj || every day
 
| '''dema niha''' || /dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ/ || at this time
 
|-
|-
| هەفتەیانە || hefteyanê || weekly
 
| '''dema pêş''' || /dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ/ || before
 
|-
|-
| هەموو هەفتە || hemû hefte || every week
 
| '''dema paş''' || /dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ/ || after
 
|-
|-
| هەموو مانگ || hemû mang || every month
 
| '''hêftê''' || /hɛfˈtɛ/ || week
 
|-
|-
| هەموو ساڵ || hemû sal || every year
 
| '''meh''' || /mɛh/ || month
 
|-
 
| '''bêdeng''' || /bɛˈdɛŋ/ || recently
 
|}
|}


Example sentences:
Now that you have a glimpse of common time adverbs, let's break them down into categories based on their usage:
* ئەو هەمیشە دەماوێژە و خۆشترین کارەکانی کۆمپانیاکە. (He always arrives early and does the best work in the company.)
* هەڵوو کات ئەو کتێبە بنووسیتەوە. (You always write these books.)
* هەموو ساڵ لێکۆلینەوە. (They go camping every year.)


=== Adverbs of Duration ===
=== Categories of Time Adverbs ===


Adverbs of duration are used to express the length of time an action takes. They provide information about the duration or length of an action. Here are some common adverbs of duration in Northern Kurdish:
1. '''Adverbs of Frequency''': These adverbs tell us how often something happens.
 
* Examples: '''her roj''' (every day), '''her hefte''' (every week), '''her meh''' (every month).
 
2. '''Adverbs of Duration''': These adverbs indicate the length of time something occurs.
 
* Examples: '''bêdeng''' (recently), '''dema''' (time), '''dema niha''' (at this time).
 
3. '''Adverbs of Specific Time''': These adverbs specify a particular moment in time.
 
* Examples: '''niha''' (now), '''dema pêş''' (before), '''dema paş''' (after).
 
4. '''Adverbs of Time Period''': These adverbs refer to broader time spans.
 
* Examples: '''sala''' (year), '''hêftê''' (week), '''meh''' (month).
 
=== Using Time Adverbs in Sentences ===
 
Time adverbs can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, depending on what you wish to emphasize. Here are some examples:
 
1. '''Beginning of the sentence''':
 
* '''Niha''' ez xwarin dikim. (Now I am eating.)
 
* '''Her roj''' ez dibim. (Every day I see.)
 
2. '''Middle of the sentence''':
 
* Ez '''niha''' xwarin dikim. (I am eating now.)
 
* Ez dibim '''her roj'''. (I see every day.)
 
3. '''End of the sentence''':
 
* Ez xwarin dikim '''niha'''. (I am eating now.)
 
* Ez dibim '''her roj'''. (I see every day.)
 
=== Examples of Sentences with Time Adverbs ===
 
To give you a better idea of how to use time adverbs in context, here are 20 example sentences:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
 
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 1. Niha ez diçim bazar. || /niˈhɑ ɛz diˈtʃim bɑˈzɑr/ || Now I am going to the market.
 
|-
 
| 2. Ez her hefte firotin dikim. || /ɛz hɛr hɛfˈtɛ fiˈrɔtɪn diˈkim/ || I sell every week.
 
|-
 
| 3. Dema pêş, ez çend xwarin xwar. || /dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ ɛz tʃɛnd xwɑˈrɪn xwɑr/ || Before, I ate some food.
 
|-
 
| 4. Dema paş, ez diçim mala te. || /dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ ɛz diˈtʃim mɑˈlɑ tɛ/ || After, I will go to your house.
 
|-
 
| 5. Hêftê din, min çiwan bû. || /hɛfˈtɛ dɪn mɪn tʃiˈwɑn bu/ || Last week, I was young.
 
|-
 
| 6. Mehê din, min kar kir. || /mɛˈhɛ dɪn mɪn kɑr kɪr/ || Last month, I worked.
 
|-
|-
| برۆنی || bronî || briefly
 
| 7. Ez diçim bazar her roj. || /ɛz diˈtʃim bɑˈzɑr hɛr roʒ/ || I go to the market every day.
 
|-
|-
| لەکاتی کورت || lekatî kort || briefly
 
| 8. Niha ez lêdana wan dikim. || /niˈhɑ ɛz lɛˈdɑnɑ wɑn diˈkim/ || Now I am studying them.
 
|-
|-
| لەکاتی درێژ || lekatî dereng || for a long time
 
| 9. Bêdeng, ez bûm. || /bɛˈdɛŋ ɛz buːm/ || Recently, I was.
 
|-
|-
| لەسەر لەو کاتەدا || lêser lew katêda || at that time
 
| 10. Her meh, ez firotin dikim. || /hɛr mɛh ɛz fiˈrɔtɪn diˈkim/ || Every month, I sell.
 
|-
|-
| لە لەو کاتەدا || le lew katêda || at that time
 
| 11. Dema niha, ez xwendin dikim. || /dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ ɛz xwɛnˈdɪn diˈkim/ || At this time, I am reading.
 
|-
 
| 12. Rojek dî, min çavkanî kir. || /roʒɛk diː mɪn tʃɑvˈkɑnɪ kɪr/ || One day ago, I did a favor.
 
|-
|-
| لە کاتی دووەم || le katî duwem || in the meantime
|}


Example sentences:
| 13. Dema pêş, min dest pê kir. || /dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ mɪn dɛst pɛˈkɪr/ || Before, I started.
* ئەو کتێبە لەکاتی درێژ بەشی لێ بنووسە. (He writes a chapter of that book for a long time.)
* لەکاتی دووەم ئەوان کۆمپانیاکان بەچوونەوەیەکی نوێ دەدەن. (In the meantime, those companies are introducing a new product.)
* لەسەر لەو کاتەدا ئەو بۆرەیەکی گەورە دەکات. (At that time, he is doing something big.)


=== Adverbs of Specific Time ===
|-


Adverbs of specific time are used to indicate a specific point or period in time when an action takes place. They provide information about when an action occurs. Here are some common adverbs of specific time in Northern Kurdish:
| 14. Hêftê din, ez diçim serdema. || /hɛfˈtɛ dɪn ɛz diˈtʃim sɛrˈdɛmɑ/ || Last week, I went to the season.


{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English Translation
|-
|-
| ئەم ڕۆژە || em roje || today
 
| 15. Niha ez xwarinê xwarim. || /niˈhɑ ɛz xwɑˈrɪnɛ xwɑrɪm/ || Now I am eating food.
 
|-
|-
| دوایین ڕۆژ || deweyîn roje || yesterday
 
| 16. Dema niha, min firotin kir. || /dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ mɪn fiˈrɔtɪn kɪr/ || At this time, I sold.
 
|-
|-
| سەروەری خوارەوە || serwerî xwarêwe || the day after tomorrow
 
| 17. Her meh, min xweş bû. || /hɛr mɛh mɪn xwɛʃ bu/ || Every month, I was happy.
 
|-
|-
| دوایین هەفتە || deweyîn hefte || last week
 
| 18. Dema paş, ez got. || /dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ ɛz ɡɔt/ || After, I said.
 
|-
|-
| کۆتایی مانگ || kotayî mang || next month
 
| 19. Niha ez diçim mal. || /niˈhɑ ɛz diˈtʃim mɑl/ || Now I am going home.
 
|-
|-
| دوایین ساڵ || deweyîn sal || last year
 
| 20. Bêdeng, min xwendin kir. || /bɛˈdɛŋ mɪn xwɛnˈdɪn kɪr/ || Recently, I read.
 
|}
|}


Example sentences:
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ===
* ئەم ڕۆژە ئەوان کاری ژوورنالی نووسین. (Today, they are writing a newspaper article.)
 
* دوایین ڕۆژ ئەو کتێبە خوێند. (He read that book yesterday.)
Now, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are '''10 exercises''' designed to help you practice using time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. Each exercise will be followed by detailed solutions and explanations.
* دوایین ساڵ ئەو بەیانییە بۆتەوە. (That lake froze last year.)
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate time adverb from the list below: '''(niha, her roj, bêdeng)'''.
 
1. Ez diçim bazar ____.
 
2. ____, ez xwarin dikim.
 
3. Min çavkanî kir ____.


== Regional Variations and Cultural Insights ==
''Solutions:''


It's important to note that the usage and understanding of time adverbs may vary slightly across different regions where Northern Kurdish is spoken. Some variations may be influenced by local dialects or cultural practices. For example, in some regions, the adverb "دوایین" (deweyîn) may be replaced with "گەرمێز" (germez) to mean "last."
1. '''her roj''' – I go to the market every day.


In Northern Kurdish society, the concept of time holds significant cultural value. Punctuality is highly valued, and being on time is considered a sign of respect and reliability. It is customary to arrive a few minutes early for appointments or social gatherings. Additionally, Northern Kurdish culture places importance on the concept of "هەمیشە" (hêmişe), meaning "always," which signifies a commitment to consistency and reliability in one's actions and behavior.
2. '''niha''' – Now I am eating.


== Exercises ==
3. '''bêdeng''' – Recently, I did a favor.


Now it's time to put your knowledge of time adverbs into practice! Complete the following exercises to reinforce what you have learned. We have provided solutions and explanations to help you along the way.
==== Exercise 2: Sentence Formation ====


Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate time adverb.
Create sentences using the following time adverbs: '''(dema pêş, hêftê, meh)'''.


1. ئەوان هەموو ساڵ <blank> بە رۆژنامەکانی خۆیان بڵێنن.
1. _____, ez diçim serdema.
2. هەر رۆژ ئەو کۆتایی <blank> کاتەکەم لە خوارەوە کاتداوە.
3. لەکاتی درێژ ئەو کتێبە <blank> کڵیکەر بنووسە.
4. دوایین هەفتە ئەوان <blank> ئەو ڕەسمی وەرگرن.
5. هەموو مانگ ئەوان <blank> کوڕەکەیان دەخوێنن.


Exercise 2: Translate the following sentences into Northern Kurdish.
2. _____, min firotin kir. 


1. I always go to the park on Sundays.
3. _____, ez xwarim.
2. We will stay in Istanbul for a week.
3. He arrived briefly and left immediately.
4. They celebrated their anniversary last month.
5. Tomorrow, I will visit my grandmother.


== Solutions ==
''Solutions:''


Exercise 1:
1. '''Dema pêş''' - Before, I went to the season.


1. ئەوان هەموو ساڵ هەوڵ بە رۆژنامەکانی خۆیان بڵێنن.
2. '''Hêftê''' - Last week, I sold.
2. هەر رۆژ ئەو کۆتایی کاتەکەم لە خوارەوە کاتداوە.
3. لەکاتی درێژ ئەو کتێبە کڵیکەر بنووسە.
4. دوایین هەفتە ئەوان وەرگرن ئەو ڕەسمی وەرگرن.
5. هەموو مانگ ئەوان دەخوێنن کوڕەکەیان دەخوێنن.


Exercise 2:
3. '''Meh''' - This month, I eat.


1. هەمیشە بەمەو ڕۆژە لە سەرەتای پارکە.
==== Exercise 3: Match the Time Adverb to its English Translation ====
2. ئێمە بەیستۆچە کۆتایی ئێستانبولدا دەموڵین.
3. ئەو بەمانە بەتاڵی بوو و بەرزکردنەوەیەکی تر بەستە.
4. ئەوان دوایین مانگدا ڕۆژنامەی خۆیان پیرسۆنەکەیان گۆڕیون.
5. سەبەتەمە نەوڵ، زیارەتی مامەڵەکەم بکەم.


== Conclusion ==
Match the Northern Kurdish time adverb to its English translation:


Congratulations! You have successfully completed the lesson on time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. By mastering the usage of time adverbs, you are now equipped with a powerful tool to express when an action takes place. Remember to practice using time adverbs in your daily conversations and writing to further reinforce your learning.
1. niha 


In the next lesson, we will explore place adverbs in Northern Kurdish, which will enable you to describe where an action takes place. Stay tuned and keep up the great work!
2. her meh 
 
3. bêdeng 
 
4. sala 
 
a. every month 
 
b. now 
 
c. recently 
 
d. year 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. b – now 
 
2. a – every month 
 
3. c – recently 
 
4. d – year 
 
==== Exercise 4: Rewrite the Sentences ====
 
Rewrite the following sentences by changing the time adverb:
 
1. Ez diçim bazar '''niha'''. 
 
2. Min xwarin kir '''bêdeng'''. 
 
3. Ez firotin dikim '''her roj'''.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Ez diçim bazar '''her roj'''. – I go to the market every day.
 
2. Min xwarin kir '''niha'''. – I ate now.
 
3. Ez firotin dikim '''bêdeng'''. – I sell recently.
 
==== Exercise 5: True or False ====
 
Determine whether the following statements are true or false based on the time adverbs used.
 
1. "Ez diçim bazar her meh." means "I go to the market every month." 
 
2. "Niha ez xwarim." means "I eat now." 
 
3. "Dema paş, ez dibim." means "After, I see." 
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. True 
 
2. True 
 
3. True 
 
==== Exercise 6: Translate to Northern Kurdish ====
 
Translate the following English sentences to Northern Kurdish using time adverbs.
 
1. I study now. 
 
2. I go to the market every week. 
 
3. Recently, I worked.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Niha ez lêdana dikim. 
 
2. Ez diçim bazar her hefte. 
 
3. Bêdeng, min kar kir. 
 
==== Exercise 7: Create a Dialogue ====
 
Create a short dialogue between two people using at least three time adverbs.
 
''Example:''
 
A: Niha tu çi dikî? (What are you doing now?)
 
B: Ez lêdana dikim. (I am studying.)
 
A: Ez diçim bazar her roj. (I go to the market every day.)
 
''Solutions:''
 
A: Niha tu çi dikî? (What are you doing now?)
 
B: Ez lêdana dikim. (I am studying.)
 
A: Ez diçim bazar her roj. (I go to the market every day.)
 
==== Exercise 8: Identify the Time Adverb ====
 
Identify the time adverb in the following sentence: "Ez diçim bazar her meh."
 
''Solution:''
 
Time adverb: '''her meh''' (every month)
 
==== Exercise 9: Change the Position of the Time Adverb ====
 
Change the time adverb position in the following sentence: "Bêdeng, ez xwarim."
 
''Solution:''
 
Ez xwarim '''bêdeng'''. (I eat recently.)
 
==== Exercise 10: Write Your Own Sentences ====
 
Write three sentences using different time adverbs of your choice.
 
''Solutions: (example sentences)''
 
1. Niha ez diçim mal. (Now I am going home.)
 
2. Her roj ez xwarin dikim. (I eat every day.)
 
3. Dema pêş, min firotin kir. (Before, I sold.)
 
As you can see, mastering time adverbs in Northern Kurdish is a valuable skill that will help you communicate effectively in your daily conversations. With practice, you'll soon find yourself feeling comfortable using them in various contexts.
 
Keep practicing, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Happy learning!


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Latest revision as of 10:45, 1 August 2024

◀️ Manner Adverbs — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Place Adverbs ▶️

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Northern Kurdish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Time Adverbs

Welcome to the exciting world of Northern Kurdish! In this lesson, we'll dive deep into time adverbs, an essential component of the language that helps you express when things happen. Understanding and using time adverbs is crucial for everyday communication, as they allow you to provide context and clarity to your statements. As a beginner, you'll find that mastering these adverbs will greatly enhance your conversational skills and understanding of the language.

In this lesson, we'll cover the following structure:

What Are Time Adverbs?[edit | edit source]

Time adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to indicate when an action occurs. They help us express time-related information such as frequency, duration, and specific moments in time. In Northern Kurdish, like in many languages, these adverbs are used to enrich our sentences and make them more informative.

For example, consider how saying "I eat" changes to "I eat now," or "I eat every day." The time adverb provides crucial information about when the action takes place.

Common Time Adverbs in Northern Kurdish[edit | edit source]

Let's explore some common time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. Below is a table with examples of time adverbs, their pronunciation, and English translations:

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
niha /niˈhɑ/ now
her roj /hɛr roʒ/ every day
dema /dɛˈmɑ/ time
sala /sɑˈlɑ/ year
dema niha /dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ/ at this time
dema pêş /dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ/ before
dema paş /dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ/ after
hêftê /hɛfˈtɛ/ week
meh /mɛh/ month
bêdeng /bɛˈdɛŋ/ recently

Now that you have a glimpse of common time adverbs, let's break them down into categories based on their usage:

Categories of Time Adverbs[edit | edit source]

1. Adverbs of Frequency: These adverbs tell us how often something happens.

  • Examples: her roj (every day), her hefte (every week), her meh (every month).

2. Adverbs of Duration: These adverbs indicate the length of time something occurs.

  • Examples: bêdeng (recently), dema (time), dema niha (at this time).

3. Adverbs of Specific Time: These adverbs specify a particular moment in time.

  • Examples: niha (now), dema pêş (before), dema paş (after).

4. Adverbs of Time Period: These adverbs refer to broader time spans.

  • Examples: sala (year), hêftê (week), meh (month).

Using Time Adverbs in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Time adverbs can be placed at the beginning, middle, or end of a sentence, depending on what you wish to emphasize. Here are some examples:

1. Beginning of the sentence:

  • Niha ez xwarin dikim. (Now I am eating.)
  • Her roj ez dibim. (Every day I see.)

2. Middle of the sentence:

  • Ez niha xwarin dikim. (I am eating now.)
  • Ez dibim her roj. (I see every day.)

3. End of the sentence:

  • Ez xwarin dikim niha. (I am eating now.)
  • Ez dibim her roj. (I see every day.)

Examples of Sentences with Time Adverbs[edit | edit source]

To give you a better idea of how to use time adverbs in context, here are 20 example sentences:

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
1. Niha ez diçim bazar. /niˈhɑ ɛz diˈtʃim bɑˈzɑr/ Now I am going to the market.
2. Ez her hefte firotin dikim. /ɛz hɛr hɛfˈtɛ fiˈrɔtɪn diˈkim/ I sell every week.
3. Dema pêş, ez çend xwarin xwar. /dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ ɛz tʃɛnd xwɑˈrɪn xwɑr/ Before, I ate some food.
4. Dema paş, ez diçim mala te. /dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ ɛz diˈtʃim mɑˈlɑ tɛ/ After, I will go to your house.
5. Hêftê din, min çiwan bû. /hɛfˈtɛ dɪn mɪn tʃiˈwɑn bu/ Last week, I was young.
6. Mehê din, min kar kir. /mɛˈhɛ dɪn mɪn kɑr kɪr/ Last month, I worked.
7. Ez diçim bazar her roj. /ɛz diˈtʃim bɑˈzɑr hɛr roʒ/ I go to the market every day.
8. Niha ez lêdana wan dikim. /niˈhɑ ɛz lɛˈdɑnɑ wɑn diˈkim/ Now I am studying them.
9. Bêdeng, ez bûm. /bɛˈdɛŋ ɛz buːm/ Recently, I was.
10. Her meh, ez firotin dikim. /hɛr mɛh ɛz fiˈrɔtɪn diˈkim/ Every month, I sell.
11. Dema niha, ez xwendin dikim. /dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ ɛz xwɛnˈdɪn diˈkim/ At this time, I am reading.
12. Rojek dî, min çavkanî kir. /roʒɛk diː mɪn tʃɑvˈkɑnɪ kɪr/ One day ago, I did a favor.
13. Dema pêş, min dest pê kir. /dɛˈmɑ pɛʃ mɪn dɛst pɛˈkɪr/ Before, I started.
14. Hêftê din, ez diçim serdema. /hɛfˈtɛ dɪn ɛz diˈtʃim sɛrˈdɛmɑ/ Last week, I went to the season.
15. Niha ez xwarinê xwarim. /niˈhɑ ɛz xwɑˈrɪnɛ xwɑrɪm/ Now I am eating food.
16. Dema niha, min firotin kir. /dɛˈmɑ niˈhɑ mɪn fiˈrɔtɪn kɪr/ At this time, I sold.
17. Her meh, min xweş bû. /hɛr mɛh mɪn xwɛʃ bu/ Every month, I was happy.
18. Dema paş, ez got. /dɛˈmɑ pɑʃ ɛz ɡɔt/ After, I said.
19. Niha ez diçim mal. /niˈhɑ ɛz diˈtʃim mɑl/ Now I am going home.
20. Bêdeng, min xwendin kir. /bɛˈdɛŋ mɪn xwɛnˈdɪn kɪr/ Recently, I read.

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Here are 10 exercises designed to help you practice using time adverbs in Northern Kurdish. Each exercise will be followed by detailed solutions and explanations.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate time adverb from the list below: (niha, her roj, bêdeng).

1. Ez diçim bazar ____.

2. ____, ez xwarin dikim.

3. Min çavkanî kir ____.

Solutions:

1. her roj – I go to the market every day.

2. niha – Now I am eating.

3. bêdeng – Recently, I did a favor.

Exercise 2: Sentence Formation[edit | edit source]

Create sentences using the following time adverbs: (dema pêş, hêftê, meh).

1. _____, ez diçim serdema.

2. _____, min firotin kir.

3. _____, ez xwarim.

Solutions:

1. Dema pêş - Before, I went to the season.

2. Hêftê - Last week, I sold.

3. Meh - This month, I eat.

Exercise 3: Match the Time Adverb to its English Translation[edit | edit source]

Match the Northern Kurdish time adverb to its English translation:

1. niha

2. her meh

3. bêdeng

4. sala

a. every month

b. now

c. recently

d. year

Solutions:

1. b – now

2. a – every month

3. c – recently

4. d – year

Exercise 4: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences by changing the time adverb:

1. Ez diçim bazar niha.

2. Min xwarin kir bêdeng.

3. Ez firotin dikim her roj.

Solutions:

1. Ez diçim bazar her roj. – I go to the market every day.

2. Min xwarin kir niha. – I ate now.

3. Ez firotin dikim bêdeng. – I sell recently.

Exercise 5: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine whether the following statements are true or false based on the time adverbs used.

1. "Ez diçim bazar her meh." means "I go to the market every month."

2. "Niha ez xwarim." means "I eat now."

3. "Dema paş, ez dibim." means "After, I see."

Solutions:

1. True

2. True

3. True

Exercise 6: Translate to Northern Kurdish[edit | edit source]

Translate the following English sentences to Northern Kurdish using time adverbs.

1. I study now.

2. I go to the market every week.

3. Recently, I worked.

Solutions:

1. Niha ez lêdana dikim.

2. Ez diçim bazar her hefte.

3. Bêdeng, min kar kir.

Exercise 7: Create a Dialogue[edit | edit source]

Create a short dialogue between two people using at least three time adverbs.

Example:

A: Niha tu çi dikî? (What are you doing now?)

B: Ez lêdana dikim. (I am studying.)

A: Ez diçim bazar her roj. (I go to the market every day.)

Solutions:

A: Niha tu çi dikî? (What are you doing now?)

B: Ez lêdana dikim. (I am studying.)

A: Ez diçim bazar her roj. (I go to the market every day.)

Exercise 8: Identify the Time Adverb[edit | edit source]

Identify the time adverb in the following sentence: "Ez diçim bazar her meh."

Solution:

Time adverb: her meh (every month)

Exercise 9: Change the Position of the Time Adverb[edit | edit source]

Change the time adverb position in the following sentence: "Bêdeng, ez xwarim."

Solution:

Ez xwarim bêdeng. (I eat recently.)

Exercise 10: Write Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Write three sentences using different time adverbs of your choice.

Solutions: (example sentences)

1. Niha ez diçim mal. (Now I am going home.)

2. Her roj ez xwarin dikim. (I eat every day.)

3. Dema pêş, min firotin kir. (Before, I sold.)

As you can see, mastering time adverbs in Northern Kurdish is a valuable skill that will help you communicate effectively in your daily conversations. With practice, you'll soon find yourself feeling comfortable using them in various contexts.

Keep practicing, and don't hesitate to revisit this lesson whenever you need a refresher. Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Northern Kurdish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Northern Kurdish


Greetings and Introductions


Noun and Adjective Declension


Daily Life


Verb Conjugation


Customs and Traditions


Pronouns


Hobbies and Free Time


Adverbs


Geography and Travel


Conjunctions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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