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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Arts, literature and music in Catalan culture → Artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Culture|Culture]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia</div>
 
Welcome to our lesson on the vibrant artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia! Understanding these elements is essential for appreciating not only the culture but also the Catalan language itself. In this lesson, we will explore various artistic styles that have emerged throughout Catalonia's rich history, including Modernism, Romanesque art, and other significant movements. Each of these artistic expressions tells a story about the society, values, and aspirations of the Catalans.
 
Art serves as a mirror reflecting the soul of a culture, and by learning about these movements, you will gain insights into the Catalan identity. This lesson is structured to guide you through the key artistic movements, provide illustrative examples, and engage you with exercises to solidify your understanding.


__TOC__
__TOC__


Catalan Culture → Arts, literature and music in Catalan culture → Artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia
=== Overview of Artistic Movements in Catalonia ===
 
Art in Catalonia has evolved through various stages, each influenced by historical events, social changes, and cultural exchanges. Here are some significant movements that have shaped Catalan art:
 
* '''Romanesque Art''': Predominantly seen in the 11th to 12th centuries, characterized by its religious themes and architectural styles.


In this lesson, we will explore the rich artistic movements and traditions that have developed throughout Catalan history. From the iconic Modernism movement to the unique Romanesque art, Catalonia has been a hub of creativity and cultural expression. We will delve into the details of each artistic movement, discussing their characteristics, notable artists, and significant works. By the end of this lesson, you will gain a deeper understanding of the artistic heritage of Catalonia and its impact on the Catalan language and culture.
* '''Gothic Art''': Flourished in the 13th to 15th centuries, marked by intricate designs and the rise of cathedrals.


== Modernism ==
* '''Renaixença''': A cultural movement in the 19th century that aimed to revive Catalan language and culture.
Modernism, also known as Catalan Modernism or Art Nouveau, was a prominent artistic movement that emerged in the late 19th century and early 20th century in Catalonia. It was heavily influenced by European Art Nouveau and Symbolism but also incorporated elements of Catalan architectural and decorative traditions. Modernism embraced organic forms, intricate details, and the use of vibrant colors.


One of the most famous Modernist architects is Antoni Gaudí, whose works have become symbols of Barcelona and Catalonia. The iconic Sagrada Família, Park Güell, and Casa Batlló are prime examples of Gaudí's unique style, characterized by the fusion of nature, religion, and innovative designs. Another notable Modernist architect is Lluís Domènech i Montaner, known for his masterpiece, the Palau de la Música Catalana.
* '''Modernisme''': An artistic movement from the late 19th to early 20th century, known for its unique style and association with Antoni Gaudí.


In addition to architecture, Modernism also flourished in other artistic disciplines, including painting, sculpture, and decorative arts. Ramon Casas and Santiago Rusiñol were prominent Modernist painters who captured the social and cultural life of Catalonia in their works. The Catalan pottery industry also experienced a revival during this period, with renowned artists such as Josep Llorens i Artigas and Antoni Serra i Fiter creating stunning ceramic pieces.
=== Romanesque Art ===


=== Examples of Modernist Vocabulary ===
Romanesque art is the first major artistic movement in Catalonia. It offers a glimpse into the medieval period's spirituality and architectural innovation.
 
==== Key Features of Romanesque Art ====
 
* '''Architecture''': Thick walls, rounded arches, and sturdy columns.
 
* '''Sculpture''': Often religious, with a focus on Biblical figures.
 
* '''Painting''': Frescoes in churches depicting saints and scenes from the Bible.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Modernisme || /muðərˈnismə/ || Modernism
 
| romànic || ruˈmanik || Romanesque
 
|-
|-
| Art Nouveau || /art nuˈβɔ/ || Art Nouveau
 
| església || ɛsˈɡlezjə || church
 
|-
|-
| Antoni Gaudí || /ənˈtɔni ɣəwˈði/ || Antoni Gaudí
 
| escultura || əs.kuɫˈtuɾə || sculpture
 
|-
|-
| Sagrada Família || /səˈɣɾaðə fəˈmiljə/ || Sagrada Família
 
| fresc || ˈfɾɛsk || fresco
 
|}
 
==== Examples of Romanesque Art in Catalonia ====
 
1. '''Sant Climent de Taüll''': A church known for its stunning frescoes.
 
2. '''La Seu d'Urgell''': An impressive cathedral showcasing Romanesque architecture.
 
=== Gothic Art ===
 
Following the Romanesque period, Gothic art emerged, bringing a new level of complexity and elegance to Catalan architecture and art.
 
==== Characteristics of Gothic Art ====
 
* '''Verticality''': Tall structures with pointed arches.
 
* '''Light''': Large stained glass windows allowing light to illuminate interiors.
 
* '''Sculptural Detail''': Elaborate carvings and statues adorning facades.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| gòtic || ˈɡɔtik || Gothic
 
|-
|-
| Park Güell || /pärk ɡweʎ/ || Park Güell
 
| finestra || fiˈnɛstɾə || window
 
|-
 
| catedral || kətəˈdɾal || cathedral
 
|-
 
| escultura || əs.kuɫˈtuɾə || sculpture
 
|}
|}


== Romanesque Art ==
==== Notable Examples of Gothic Art in Catalonia ====
Romanesque art refers to the artistic style that prevailed in Catalonia and other European regions from the 11th century to the 13th century. It is characterized by its robust and monumental architecture, featuring round arches, thick walls, and small windows. Romanesque art often adorned churches and monastic buildings, reflecting the strong influence of Christianity during that period.
 
1. '''Barcelona Cathedral''': A stunning example of Gothic architecture.
 
2. '''Santa Maria del Mar''': Known for its beautiful proportions and simplicity.
 
=== Renaixença ===


The monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll is a prime example of Romanesque architecture in Catalonia. Its imposing bell tower and intricate sculptural decorations showcase the grandeur and craftsmanship of this artistic style. Another notable Romanesque site is the Church of Sant Climent de Taüll, famous for its frescoes depicting biblical scenes.
The 19th century saw the Renaixença movement, which was crucial in the revival of Catalan culture, language, and literature.


Romanesque art also extended to other art forms such as sculpture and painting. The wooden Christ of Taüll is an exceptional example of Romanesque sculpture, displaying the elongated proportions and stylized features characteristic of the period. The frescoes found in several Romanesque churches, including Sant Pere de Rodes and Sant Quirze de Pedret, provide valuable insights into the religious beliefs and daily life of the time.
==== Features of the Renaixença Movement ====


=== Examples of Romanesque Vocabulary ===
* '''Literature''': The flourishing of Catalan poetry and prose.
 
* '''Art''': A return to traditional themes and styles.
 
* '''Cultural Pride''': A strong emphasis on Catalan identity.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| Renaixença || rə.nəɪˈʃɛn.sə || Renaixença
|-
| literatura || li.tə.ɾaˈtuɾə || literature
|-
|-
| Art Romànic || /art ruˈmanik/ || Romanesque Art
 
| identitat || i.ðɛn.tiˈtat || identity
 
|-
|-
| Església || /əzˈɣlɛziə/ || Church
 
| cultura || kulˈtuɾə || culture
 
|}
 
==== Key Figures of Renaixença ====
 
1. '''Jacint Verdaguer''': A prominent poet who contributed to the revival of Catalan literature.
 
2. '''Àngel Guimerà''': A playwright who explored Catalan themes and history.
 
=== Modernisme ===
 
The late 19th and early 20th centuries introduced Modernisme, a uniquely Catalan movement that emphasized creativity and innovation.
 
==== Characteristics of Modernisme ====
 
* '''Organic Forms''': Use of curves and natural shapes in architecture.
 
* '''Decorative Art''': Intricate designs in furniture, ceramics, and textiles.
 
* '''Integration of Arts''': A focus on combining architecture with painting and sculpture.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Monestir || /muˈnɛstiɾ/ || Monastery
 
| modernisme || mudərˈnizmə || Modernisme
 
|-
|-
| Arquitectura || /əɾkiˈtɛktuɾə/ || Architecture
 
| arquitectura || aɾ.ki.teˈktuɾə || architecture
 
|-
|-
| Clausura || /klausuˈɾa/ || Cloister
 
| decoració || de.kuɾaˈsió || decoration
 
|-
 
| natura || nəˈtuɾə || nature
 
|}
|}


== Renaissance and Baroque Art ==
==== Significant Examples of Modernisme ====
During the Renaissance and Baroque periods, Catalonia experienced a flourishing artistic scene influenced by the broader European trends of the time. The Renaissance brought a renewed interest in classical art and humanism, while the Baroque period introduced a more dramatic and emotional style.
 
1. '''Sagrada Família''': Antoni Gaudí's masterpiece and symbol of Barcelona.
 
2. '''Casa Batlló''': A striking building showcasing Gaudí’s unique style.


Renaissance architecture in Catalonia can be seen in buildings such as the Hospital de Sant Pau in Barcelona and the Cathedral of Tarragona. These structures showcase elements such as symmetry, harmonious proportions, and decorative details inspired by ancient Roman and Greek architecture.
=== Other Artistic Traditions in Catalonia ===


In the field of painting, Catalan artists like Jaume Huguet and Lluís Dalmau embraced Renaissance techniques and produced remarkable religious-themed artworks. The altarpiece of the Convent of Sant Francesc in Barcelona, painted by Huguet, is a notable example of Catalan Renaissance painting.
Catalonia is rich in various artistic traditions, reflecting its diverse history.


Baroque art flourished during the 17th and 18th centuries, characterized by its ornate and theatrical style. The Basilica of Santa Maria del Mar in Barcelona is a prime example of Baroque architecture in Catalonia, featuring elaborate facades and opulent interiors. In painting, Josep de Ribera, known as "El Españoleto," created powerful and emotionally charged artworks, often depicting scenes of martyrdom and suffering.
==== Folk Art ====


=== Examples of Renaissance and Baroque Vocabulary ===
* '''Ceramics''': Traditional pottery, particularly in the region of La Bisbal.
 
* '''Textiles''': Handwoven fabrics and tapestries, often with vibrant colors.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Renaixement || /ɾənəjʃəˈmɛnt/ || Renaissance
 
| ceràmica || səˈɾamika || ceramics
 
|-
|-
| Barroc || /bəˈrɔk/ || Baroque
 
| tèxtil || ˈtɛkstil || textile
 
|-
|-
| Hospital || /uspitˈal/ || Hospital
 
| folklore || ˈfolklɔɾ || folklore
 
|-
|-
| Catedral || /kətəˈðɾal/ || Cathedral
 
|-
| artesania || aɾ.təˈza.niə || craft
| Pintura || /pinˈtuɾə/ || Painting
 
|}
|}


== Catalan Folk Art ==
==== Festivals and Celebrations ===
Catalan folk art encompasses various traditional artistic practices that have been passed down through generations. These art forms reflect the cultural heritage of rural communities and often celebrate religious and seasonal festivals.


One of the most renowned Catalan folk art traditions is the "Castells," or human towers. Castells involve teams of people standing on each other's shoulders to create impressive human towers. This unique and awe-inspiring spectacle has become an emblematic symbol of Catalan identity and unity.
Catalonia's cultural life is vibrant, with many festivals showcasing its traditions.


Another notable folk art form is the "Sardana," a traditional Catalan dance performed in a circle formation. The Sardana is accompanied by traditional music played by a cobla, a band consisting of wind instruments, double bass, and a tambourine. This joyful dance brings people together and is often performed at festivals and public gatherings.
* '''Castells''': Human towers built during celebrations, symbolizing teamwork.


=== Examples of Catalan Folk Art Vocabulary ===
* '''Sardanes''': Traditional dances often performed in public squares.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Castells || /kəsˈteʎs/ || Human Towers
 
| castells || kəsˈtɛʎs || human towers
 
|-
|-
| Sardana || /səɾˈðanə/ || Sardana (traditional Catalan dance)
 
| sardana || sərˈðanə || sardana dance  
 
|-
|-
| Cobla || /ˈkɔbɫə/ || Cobla (traditional music band)
 
| celebració || sɛlɛbɾəˈθi.o || celebration
 
|-
|-
| Festa Major || /ˈfɛstə məˈʒoɾ/ || Major Festival
 
|-
| festa || ˈfɛstə || festival
| Ball de Gitanes || /bəˈʎ ðə ʒiˈtanəs/ || Dance of the Gypsies
 
|}
|}


== Conclusion ==
=== Exercise Section ===
Artistic movements and traditions have played a significant role in shaping Catalan culture and identity. From the innovative Modernism movement to the majestic Romanesque art, the artistic heritage of Catalonia is diverse and captivating. By exploring these artistic expressions, we gain a deeper understanding of the Catalan language and its cultural significance. Let us continue to appreciate and celebrate the rich artistic legacy of Catalonia.
 
Now that we've explored the artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned.
 
==== Exercise 1: Matching Terms ====
 
Match the Catalan terms with their English translations.
 
* a. romànic
 
* b. gòtic
 
* c. modernisme
 
* d. ceràmica
 
1. A. Gothic
 
2. B. Modernism
 
3. C. Romanesque
 
4. D. Ceramics
 
'''Answers:'''
 
* a - C
 
* b - A
 
* c - B
 
* d - D
 
==== Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct Catalan words.
 
1. The _____ (gothic) style is known for its tall structures.
 
2. _____ (ceramics) are often found in La Bisbal.
 
'''Answers:'''
 
1. gòtic
 
2. Ceràmica
 
==== Exercise 3: True or False ====
 
Determine if the statements are true or false.
 
1. Modernisme is a 19th-century movement. (False)
 
2. Romanesque art is characterized by pointed arches. (False)
 
==== Exercise 4: Identify the Movement ====
 
Identify the artistic movement based on the description.
 
1. Known for its human towers. (Castells - folk art)
 
2. Associated with Antoni Gaudí. (Modernisme)
 
==== Exercise 5: Short Answer ====
 
What is the main characteristic of Gothic art?
 
'''Answer:''' The main characteristic of Gothic art is its verticality and the use of pointed arches.
 
==== Exercise 6: Group Discussion ====
 
In small groups, discuss your favorite Catalan artist or artwork. Share what makes it special.
 
==== Exercise 7: Creative Expression ====
 
Draw a representation of a Modernisme building and describe its features in Catalan.
 
==== Exercise 8: Vocabulary Quiz ====
 
Write down five words related to Catalan art and their meanings.
 
==== Exercise 9: Research Assignment ====
 
Research a Catalan artist of your choice and prepare a short presentation about their contributions to art.
 
==== Exercise 10: Reflective Writing ====
 
Write a paragraph reflecting on how learning about Catalan art has changed your perception of Catalonia.
 
In this lesson, we have journeyed through the artistic movements that define Catalonia's rich cultural landscape. From the historical depths of Romanesque art to the innovative heights of Modernisme, these artistic expressions are not just about aesthetics; they are a testament to the Catalan spirit and identity. We hope you enjoyed this exploration and feel inspired to learn more about the culture and language of Catalonia.


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Latest revision as of 10:06, 1 August 2024


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Catalan → Culture → 0 to A1 Course → Artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia

Welcome to our lesson on the vibrant artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia! Understanding these elements is essential for appreciating not only the culture but also the Catalan language itself. In this lesson, we will explore various artistic styles that have emerged throughout Catalonia's rich history, including Modernism, Romanesque art, and other significant movements. Each of these artistic expressions tells a story about the society, values, and aspirations of the Catalans.

Art serves as a mirror reflecting the soul of a culture, and by learning about these movements, you will gain insights into the Catalan identity. This lesson is structured to guide you through the key artistic movements, provide illustrative examples, and engage you with exercises to solidify your understanding.

Overview of Artistic Movements in Catalonia[edit | edit source]

Art in Catalonia has evolved through various stages, each influenced by historical events, social changes, and cultural exchanges. Here are some significant movements that have shaped Catalan art:

  • Romanesque Art: Predominantly seen in the 11th to 12th centuries, characterized by its religious themes and architectural styles.
  • Gothic Art: Flourished in the 13th to 15th centuries, marked by intricate designs and the rise of cathedrals.
  • Renaixença: A cultural movement in the 19th century that aimed to revive Catalan language and culture.
  • Modernisme: An artistic movement from the late 19th to early 20th century, known for its unique style and association with Antoni Gaudí.

Romanesque Art[edit | edit source]

Romanesque art is the first major artistic movement in Catalonia. It offers a glimpse into the medieval period's spirituality and architectural innovation.

Key Features of Romanesque Art[edit | edit source]

  • Architecture: Thick walls, rounded arches, and sturdy columns.
  • Sculpture: Often religious, with a focus on Biblical figures.
  • Painting: Frescoes in churches depicting saints and scenes from the Bible.
Catalan Pronunciation English
romànic ruˈmanik Romanesque
església ɛsˈɡlezjə church
escultura əs.kuɫˈtuɾə sculpture
fresc ˈfɾɛsk fresco

Examples of Romanesque Art in Catalonia[edit | edit source]

1. Sant Climent de Taüll: A church known for its stunning frescoes.

2. La Seu d'Urgell: An impressive cathedral showcasing Romanesque architecture.

Gothic Art[edit | edit source]

Following the Romanesque period, Gothic art emerged, bringing a new level of complexity and elegance to Catalan architecture and art.

Characteristics of Gothic Art[edit | edit source]

  • Verticality: Tall structures with pointed arches.
  • Light: Large stained glass windows allowing light to illuminate interiors.
  • Sculptural Detail: Elaborate carvings and statues adorning facades.
Catalan Pronunciation English
gòtic ˈɡɔtik Gothic
finestra fiˈnɛstɾə window
catedral kətəˈdɾal cathedral
escultura əs.kuɫˈtuɾə sculpture

Notable Examples of Gothic Art in Catalonia[edit | edit source]

1. Barcelona Cathedral: A stunning example of Gothic architecture.

2. Santa Maria del Mar: Known for its beautiful proportions and simplicity.

Renaixença[edit | edit source]

The 19th century saw the Renaixença movement, which was crucial in the revival of Catalan culture, language, and literature.

Features of the Renaixença Movement[edit | edit source]

  • Literature: The flourishing of Catalan poetry and prose.
  • Art: A return to traditional themes and styles.
  • Cultural Pride: A strong emphasis on Catalan identity.
Catalan Pronunciation English
Renaixença rə.nəɪˈʃɛn.sə Renaixença
literatura li.tə.ɾaˈtuɾə literature
identitat i.ðɛn.tiˈtat identity
cultura kulˈtuɾə culture

Key Figures of Renaixença[edit | edit source]

1. Jacint Verdaguer: A prominent poet who contributed to the revival of Catalan literature.

2. Àngel Guimerà: A playwright who explored Catalan themes and history.

Modernisme[edit | edit source]

The late 19th and early 20th centuries introduced Modernisme, a uniquely Catalan movement that emphasized creativity and innovation.

Characteristics of Modernisme[edit | edit source]

  • Organic Forms: Use of curves and natural shapes in architecture.
  • Decorative Art: Intricate designs in furniture, ceramics, and textiles.
  • Integration of Arts: A focus on combining architecture with painting and sculpture.
Catalan Pronunciation English
modernisme mudərˈnizmə Modernisme
arquitectura aɾ.ki.teˈktuɾə architecture
decoració de.kuɾaˈsió decoration
natura nəˈtuɾə nature

Significant Examples of Modernisme[edit | edit source]

1. Sagrada Família: Antoni Gaudí's masterpiece and symbol of Barcelona.

2. Casa Batlló: A striking building showcasing Gaudí’s unique style.

Other Artistic Traditions in Catalonia[edit | edit source]

Catalonia is rich in various artistic traditions, reflecting its diverse history.

Folk Art[edit | edit source]

  • Ceramics: Traditional pottery, particularly in the region of La Bisbal.
  • Textiles: Handwoven fabrics and tapestries, often with vibrant colors.
Catalan Pronunciation English
ceràmica səˈɾamika ceramics
tèxtil ˈtɛkstil textile
folklore ˈfolklɔɾ folklore
artesania aɾ.təˈza.niə craft

= Festivals and Celebrations[edit | edit source]

Catalonia's cultural life is vibrant, with many festivals showcasing its traditions.

  • Castells: Human towers built during celebrations, symbolizing teamwork.
  • Sardanes: Traditional dances often performed in public squares.
Catalan Pronunciation English
castells kəsˈtɛʎs human towers
sardana sərˈðanə sardana dance
celebració sɛlɛbɾəˈθi.o celebration
festa ˈfɛstə festival

Exercise Section[edit | edit source]

Now that we've explored the artistic movements and traditions in Catalonia, let’s put your knowledge to the test! Below are some exercises designed to reinforce what you've learned.

Exercise 1: Matching Terms[edit | edit source]

Match the Catalan terms with their English translations.

  • a. romànic
  • b. gòtic
  • c. modernisme
  • d. ceràmica

1. A. Gothic

2. B. Modernism

3. C. Romanesque

4. D. Ceramics

Answers:

  • a - C
  • b - A
  • c - B
  • d - D

Exercise 2: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct Catalan words.

1. The _____ (gothic) style is known for its tall structures.

2. _____ (ceramics) are often found in La Bisbal.

Answers:

1. gòtic

2. Ceràmica

Exercise 3: True or False[edit | edit source]

Determine if the statements are true or false.

1. Modernisme is a 19th-century movement. (False)

2. Romanesque art is characterized by pointed arches. (False)

Exercise 4: Identify the Movement[edit | edit source]

Identify the artistic movement based on the description.

1. Known for its human towers. (Castells - folk art)

2. Associated with Antoni Gaudí. (Modernisme)

Exercise 5: Short Answer[edit | edit source]

What is the main characteristic of Gothic art?

Answer: The main characteristic of Gothic art is its verticality and the use of pointed arches.

Exercise 6: Group Discussion[edit | edit source]

In small groups, discuss your favorite Catalan artist or artwork. Share what makes it special.

Exercise 7: Creative Expression[edit | edit source]

Draw a representation of a Modernisme building and describe its features in Catalan.

Exercise 8: Vocabulary Quiz[edit | edit source]

Write down five words related to Catalan art and their meanings.

Exercise 9: Research Assignment[edit | edit source]

Research a Catalan artist of your choice and prepare a short presentation about their contributions to art.

Exercise 10: Reflective Writing[edit | edit source]

Write a paragraph reflecting on how learning about Catalan art has changed your perception of Catalonia.

In this lesson, we have journeyed through the artistic movements that define Catalonia's rich cultural landscape. From the historical depths of Romanesque art to the innovative heights of Modernisme, these artistic expressions are not just about aesthetics; they are a testament to the Catalan spirit and identity. We hope you enjoyed this exploration and feel inspired to learn more about the culture and language of Catalonia.

Table of Contents - Catalan Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Catalan


Greetings and Introductions


Articles and Nouns


Numbers and Time


Adjectives and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Catalan Culture


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


Template:Catalan-Page-Bottom

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