Difference between revisions of "Language/Multiple-languages/Vocabulary/Must‐Know-Words-for-Polyglots"
< Language | Multiple-languages | Vocabulary
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]] | |[[wikipedia:Linguistics|linguistics]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Theoretical linguistics|theoretical linguistics]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]] | |[[wikipedia:Phonology|phonology]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Morphology (linguistics)|morphology]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]] | |[[wikipedia:Syntax|syntax]] | ||
Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Linguistic description|descriptive linguistics]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Anthropological linguistics|anthropological linguistics]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Historical linguistics|historical linguistics]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]] | |[[wikipedia:Phonetics|phonetics]] | ||
Line 42: | Line 42: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]] | |[[wikipedia:Etymology|etymology]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics| | |[[wikipedia:Sociolinguistics|sociolinguistics]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Applied linguistics|applied linguistics]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Computational linguistics|computational linguistics]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]] | |[[wikipedia:Neurolinguistics|neurolinguistics]] | ||
Line 78: | Line 78: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]] | |[[wikipedia:Pidgin|pidgin]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Creole language|creole]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Variety (linguistics)|variety]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]] | |[[wikipedia:Dialect|dialect]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Register (sociolinguistics)|register]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Standard language|standard language]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|Language and its similar words in definition. | |Language and its similar words in definition. | ||
Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Phone (phonetics)|phone]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]] | |[[wikipedia:Consonant|consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Pulmonic consonant|pulmonic consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|non–pulmonic consonant | |non–pulmonic consonant | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Ejective consonant|ejective consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Click consonant|click consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Implosive consonant|implosive consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Place of articulation|place of articulation]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Labial consonant|labial consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Bilabial consonant|bilabial consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Labial–velar consonant|labial–velar consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Labial–coronal consonant|labial–coronal consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Labiodental consonant|labiodental consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Bidental consonant|bidental consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Coronal consonant|coronal consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Linguolabial consonant|linguolabial consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Interdental consonant|interdental consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Dental consonant|dental consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Denti- | |[[wikipedia:Denti-alveolar consonant|denti–alveolar consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Alveolar consonant|alveolar consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Coronal–velar consonant|coronal–velar consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|postalveolar consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Palato- | |[[wikipedia:Palato-alveolar consonant|palato–alveolar consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Retroflex consonant|retroflex consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Dorsal consonant|dorsal consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Postalveolar consonant|postalveolar consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Alveolo- | |[[wikipedia:Alveolo-palatal consonant|alveolar–palatal consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Palatal consonant|palatal consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Labio-palatalization| | |[[wikipedia:Labio-palatalization|labio–palatal consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Uvular consonant|uvular consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Uvular–epiglottal consonant|uvular–epiglottal consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Laryngeal consonant|laryngeal consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Pharyngeal consonant|pharyngeal consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Glottal consonant|glottal consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Peripheral consonant|peripheral consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Manner of articulation|manner of articulation]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]] | |[[wikipedia:Obstruent|obstruent]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Stop consonant|stop consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Affricate consonant|affricate consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Fricative consonant|fricative consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]] | |[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]] | ||
Line 192: | Line 192: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]* | |[[wikipedia:Sonorant|sonorant]]* | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Nasal consonant|nasal consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Approximant consonant|approximant consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]] | |[[wikipedia:Semivowel|semivowel]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Vibrant consonant|vibrant consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Flap consonant|flap/tap consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Trill consonant|trill consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Liquid consonant|liquid consonant]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Rhotic consonant|rhotic consonant]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|lateral consonant]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 229: | Line 229: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]] | |[[wikipedia:Syllable|syllable]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Letter (alphabet)|letter]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Letter case|letter case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]] | |[[wikipedia:Diacritic|diacritic]] | ||
Line 239: | Line 239: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]] | |[[wikipedia:Alphabet|alphabet]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|There are many words in this section. If you know them all, you can understand what those words in International Phonetic Alphabet mean. | |There are many words in this section. If you know them all, you can understand what those words in International Phonetic Alphabet mean. | ||
Line 248: | Line 248: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Lemma (morphology)|lemma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]] | |[[wikipedia:Lexeme|lexeme]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Root (linguistics)|root]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]] | |[[wikipedia:Morpheme|morpheme]] | ||
Line 258: | Line 258: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]] | |[[wikipedia:Cognate|cognate]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:False friend|false friend]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]] | |[[wikipedia:Anglicism|anglicism]] | ||
Line 295: | Line 295: | ||
|An affix is a morpheme, which is just mentioned above. | |An affix is a morpheme, which is just mentioned above. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Parse tree|parse tree]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|constituency-based parse tree | |constituency-based parse tree | ||
Line 306: | Line 306: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Function word|function word]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Content word|content word]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|Two important concepts. | |Two important concepts. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Part of speech|part of speech]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]] | |[[wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Conjunction (grammar)|conjunction]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]] | |[[wikipedia:Interjection|interjection]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contraction]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical particle|particle]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Classifier (linguistics)|classifier]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]] | |[[wikipedia:Clitic|clitic]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Numeral (linguistics)|numeral]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Cardinal number (linguistics)|cardinal number]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Ordinal number (linguistics)|ordinal number]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Multiplier (linguistics)|multiplier]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Distributive number|distributive number]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Nominal number|nominal number]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 347: | Line 347: | ||
|predicative adjective | |predicative adjective | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Nominalized adjective|nominalized adjective]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]] | |[[wikipedia:Determiner|determiner]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Article (grammar)|article]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|definite article | |definite article | ||
Line 363: | Line 363: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]] | |[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|demonstrative determiner]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Possessive determiner|possessive determiner]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Quantifier (linguistics)|quantifier]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Preposition and postposition|adposition]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|preposition | |preposition | ||
Line 379: | Line 379: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]] | |[[wikipedia:Noun|noun]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Count noun|countable noun]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Mass noun|uncountable noun]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Line 394: | Line 394: | ||
|common noun | |common noun | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Proper noun|proper noun]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 400: | Line 400: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Personal pronoun|personal pronoun]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Reflexive pronoun|reflexive pronoun]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Reciprocal pronoun|reciprocal pronoun]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Relative pronoun|relative pronoun]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]] | |[[wikipedia:Verb|verb]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Impersonal verb|impersonal verb]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Intransitive verb|intransitive verb]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Transitive verb|transitive verb]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Ditransitive verb|ditransitive verb]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|tritransitive verb | |tritransitive verb | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Modal verb|modal verb]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Reflexive verb|reflexive verb]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Auxiliary verb|auxiliary verb]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Finite verb|finite verb]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Nonfinite verb|nonfinite verb]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]] | |[[wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitive]] | ||
Line 452: | Line 452: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]] | |[[wikipedia:Phrase|phrase]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Adverbial phrase|adverbial phrase]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Adjective phrase|adjective phrase]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Noun phrase|noun phrase]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Adpositional phrase|adposition phrase]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Verb phrase|verb phrase]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 472: | Line 472: | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Dependent clause|dependent clause]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Independent clause|independent clause]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|simple sentence | |simple sentence | ||
Line 510: | Line 510: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Comma|comma]] | |[[wikipedia:Comma|comma]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Full stop|period]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Exclamation mark|exclamation mark]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Question mark|question mark]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Colon (punctuation)|colon]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]] | |[[wikipedia:Semicolon|semicolon]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Quotation mark|quotation mark]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia:Guillemet| | |[[wikipedia:Guillemet|guillemet]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 533: | Line 533: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]] | |[[wikipedia:Ellipsis|ellipsis]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Slash (punctuation)|slash]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]] | |[[wikipedia:Bracket|brackets]] | ||
Line 546: | Line 546: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]] | |[[wikipedia:Interpunct|interpunct]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Space (punctuation)|space]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|Punctuation. People often neglect it. | |Punctuation. People often neglect it. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical category|grammatical category]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical person|person]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|first person | |first person | ||
Line 563: | Line 563: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Subject (grammar)|subject]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Object (grammar)|object]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Valency (linguistics)|valency]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Honorifics (linguistics)|honorifics]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical gender|gender]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 592: | Line 592: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical case|case]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Nominative case|nominative case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Accusative case|accusative case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Dative case|dative case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Genitive case|genitive case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Vocative case|vocative case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Locative case|locative case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Instrumental case|instrumental case]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Oblique case|oblique case]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical tense|tense]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Past tense|past tense]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Present tense|present tense]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Future tense|future tense]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical aspect|aspect]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|simple aspect | |simple aspect | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Continuous and progressive aspects|progressive aspect & continous aspect]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Perfect (grammar)|perfect aspect]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical mood|mood]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Realis mood|realis mood]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|indicative mood | |indicative mood | ||
Line 648: | Line 648: | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Irrealis mood|irrealis mood]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Subjunctive mood|subjunctive mood]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Conditional mood|conditional mood]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Optative mood|optative mood]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Imperative mood|imperative mood]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]] | |[[wikipedia:Interrogative|interrogative mood]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Jussive mood|jussive mood]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|potential mood | |potential mood | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative mood]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 670: | Line 670: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Voice (grammar)|voice]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Active voice|active voice]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Passive voice|passive voice]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]] | |[[wikipedia:Inflection|inflection]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical conjugation|conjugation]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]] | |[[wikipedia:Declension|declension]] | ||
Line 686: | Line 686: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Comparison (grammar)|comparison]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|positive | |positive | ||
Line 697: | Line 697: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Affirmation and negation|polarity]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|affirmation | |affirmation | ||
Line 706: | Line 706: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Grammatical number|number]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|singular | |singular | ||
Line 723: | Line 723: | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Serial verb construction|serial verb construction]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|“Grammatical category”, you may haven't heard about it, but you know it. | |“Grammatical category”, you may haven't heard about it, but you know it. | ||
Line 729: | Line 729: | ||
An “aspect” may be considered as “tense”. | An “aspect” may be considered as “tense”. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Linguistic typology|linguistic typology]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Word order|word order]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Analytic language|analystic language]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Isolating language|isolating language]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Synthetic language|synthetic language]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Fusional language|fusional language]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Agglutinative language|agglutinative language]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Polysynthetic language|polysynthetic language]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 755: | Line 755: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Predicate (grammar)|predicate]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Complement (linguistics)|complement]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]] | |[[wikipedia:Attributive|attributive]] | ||
Line 763: | Line 763: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]] | |[[wikipedia:Adverbial|adverbial]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Copula (linguistics)|copula]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
Line 769: | Line 769: | ||
|[[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]] | |[[wikipedia:Apposition|apposition]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
|[[wikipedia:Hyponymy and hypernymy|hyponym & hypernym]] | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 774: | Line 777: | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Linguistic relativity|linguistic relativity]] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[wikipedia: | |[[wikipedia:Rosetta Stone|Rosetta Stone]] | ||
|It tells us the value to write parallel text. | |It tells us the value to write parallel text. | ||
|} | |} |
Revision as of 06:05, 13 February 2019
Must-know words for polyglots.
Mainly about linguistic terms. Also other important things.
In progress.
Remember: you don't have to memorise them all in a single time.
If you are interested in terms, see https://glossary.sil.org/term
To know a relatively clear categorization of linguistics, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_linguistics#Branches_of_linguistics