Difference between revisions of "Language/German/Grammar/Declension"
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Weak declension is used when the preceding determiner indicates the case, gender and number of the noun. | Weak declension is used when the preceding determiner indicates the case, gender and number of the noun. | ||
==== der neue | ==== der neue ==== | ||
the new | the new | ||
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==== derselbe neue | ==== derselbe neue ==== | ||
the same new | the same new | ||
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==== derjenige neue | ==== derjenige neue ==== | ||
the new one | the new one | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== dieser neue | ==== dieser neue ==== | ||
this new one; that new one | this new one; that new one | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== jener neue | ==== jener neue ==== | ||
that new one (formal) | that new one (formal) | ||
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==== jeglicher | ==== jeglicher neue ==== | ||
any new; each new, every new | any new; each new, every new | ||
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==== jeder | ==== jeder neue ==== | ||
each new, every new | each new, every new | ||
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==== mancher neue | ==== mancher neue ==== | ||
many a new, many new, some new | many a new, many new, some new | ||
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==== solcher neue | ==== solcher neue ==== | ||
such a new, such new | such a new, such new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== welcher neue | ==== welcher neue ==== | ||
which new, what new | which new, what new | ||
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Mixed declension is used when the preceding determiner is an indefinite article or a possessive pronoun. | Mixed declension is used when the preceding determiner is an indefinite article or a possessive pronoun. | ||
==== ein neuer | ==== ein neuer ==== | ||
a new | a new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== kein neuer | ==== kein neuer ==== | ||
no new | no new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== mein neuer | ==== mein neuer ==== | ||
my new | my new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== dein neuer | ==== dein neuer ==== | ||
your new (singular informal) | your new (singular informal) | ||
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==== sein neuer | ==== sein neuer ==== | ||
his new | his new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== ihr neuer | ==== ihr neuer ==== | ||
her new; its new; one's new; their new | her new; its new; one's new; their new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== Ihr neuer | ==== Ihr neuer ==== | ||
your new (formal) | your new (formal) | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== unser neuer | ==== unser neuer ==== | ||
our new | our new | ||
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==== euer neuer | ==== euer neuer ==== | ||
your new (plural informal) | your new (plural informal) | ||
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Strong declension is used when there is no preceding determiner or the determiner can't fully indicate the case, gender and number of the noun. | Strong declension is used when there is no preceding determiner or the determiner can't fully indicate the case, gender and number of the noun. | ||
==== neuer | ==== neuer ==== | ||
new | new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== etwas neuer | ==== etwas neuer ==== | ||
some new | some new | ||
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|} | |} | ||
==== mehr neuer | ==== mehr neuer ==== | ||
more new | more new | ||
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=== No declension === | === No declension === | ||
Declension doesn't happen to | Declension doesn't happen to predicative adjectives. | ||
==== nichts neu ==== | ==== nichts neu ==== | ||
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Why are “-s” and “-n” added? | Why are “-s” and “-n” added? | ||
The clue in this page somewhere above. I don't tell you the answer. You should and you can find it on your own. | The clue is in this page somewhere above. I don't tell you the answer. You should and you can find it on your own. | ||
=== N-declension === | === N-declension === | ||
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|mein | |mein | ||
|dein | |dein | ||
|sein | |'''sein''' | ||
|ihr | |ihr | ||
|sein | |'''sein''' | ||
|unser | |unser | ||
|euer | |euer | ||
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|Ihr | |Ihr | ||
|} | |} | ||
Declensions of possessive pronouns is determined by its function: | |||
*Weak declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has an preceding declined determiner. | |||
*Mixed declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has no preceding declined determiner. | |||
*Strong declension: possessive pronoun is attributive. | |||
== Reference == | == Reference == |
Revision as of 07:39, 29 January 2019
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Still not completed.
Adjective (with determiners) declension
Declensions happen to attributive adjectives.
It is more effective to memorise adjective declensions with determiners.
Weak declension
Weak declension is used when the preceding determiner indicates the case, gender and number of the noun.
der neue
the new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | der neue | das neue | die neue | die neuen |
accusative | den neuen | das neue | die neue | die neuen |
dative | dem neuen | dem neuen | der neuen | den neuen |
genitive | des neuen | des neuen | der neuen | der neuen |
derselbe neue
the same new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | derselbe neue | dasselbe neue | dieselbe neue | dieselben neuen |
accusative | denselben neuen | dasselbe neue | dieselbe neue | dieselben neuen |
dative | demselben neuen | demselben neuen | derselben neuen | denselben neuen |
genitive | desselben neuen | desselben neuen | derselben neuen | derselben neuen |
derjenige neue
the new one
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | derjenige neue | dasjenige neue | diejenige neue | diejenige neuen |
accusative | denjenige neuen | dasjenige neue | diejenige neue | diejenige neuen |
dative | demjenige neuen | demjenige neuen | derjenige neuen | denjenige neuen |
genitive | desjenige neuen | desjenige neuen | derjenige neuen | derjenige neuen |
dieser neue
this new one; that new one
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | dieser neue | dieses neue | diese neue | diese neuen |
accusative | diesen neuen | dieses neue | diese neue | diese neuen |
dative | diesem neuen | diesem neuen | dieser neuen | diesen neuen |
genitive | dieses neuen | dieses neuen | dieser neuen | dieser neuen |
jener neue
that new one (formal)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | jener neue | jenes neue | jene neue | jene neuen |
accusative | jenen neuen | jenes neue | jene neue | jene neuen |
dative | jenem neuen | jenem neuen | jener neuen | jenen neuen |
genitive | jenes neuen | jenes neuen | jener neuen | jener neuen |
jeglicher neue
any new; each new, every new
masculine | neuter | feminine | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | jeglicher neue | jegliches neue | jegliche neue |
accusative | jeglichen neuen | jegliches neue | jegliche neue |
dative | jeglichem neuen | jeglichem neuen | jeglicher neuen |
genitive | jegliches neuen | jegliches neuen | jeglicher neuen |
jeder neue
each new, every new
masculine | neuter | feminine | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | jeder neue | jedes neue | jede neue |
accusative | jeden neuen | jedes neue | jede neue |
dative | jedem neuen | jedem neuen | jeder neuen |
genitive | jedes neuen | jedes neuen | jeder neuen |
mancher neue
many a new, many new, some new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | mancher neue | manches neue | manche neue | manche neuen |
accusative | manchen neuen | manches neue | manche neue | manche neuen |
dative | manchem neuen | manchem neuen | mancher neuen | manchen neuen |
genitive | manches neuen
manchen neuen |
manches neuen
manchen neuen |
mancher neuen | mancher neuen |
solcher neue
such a new, such new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | solcher neue | solches neue | solche neue | solche neuen |
accusative | solchen neuen | solches neue | solche neue | solche neuen |
dative | solchem neuen | solchem neuen | solcher neuen | solchen neuen |
genitive | solchen neuen | solchen neuen | solcher neuen | solcher neuen |
welcher neue
which new, what new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | welcher neue | welches neue | welche neue | welche neuen |
accusative | welchen neuen | welches neue | welche neue | welche neuen |
dative | welchem neuen | welchem neuen | welcher neuen | welchen neuen |
genitive | welches neuen | welches neuen | welcher neuen | welcher neuen |
Mixed declension
Mixed declension is used when the preceding determiner is an indefinite article or a possessive pronoun.
ein neuer
a new
masculine | neuter | feminine | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ein neuer | ein neues | eine neue |
accusative | einen neuen | ein neues | eine neue |
dative | einem neuen | einem neuen | einer neuen |
genitive | eines neuen | eines neuen | einer neuen |
kein neuer
no new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | kein neuer | kein neues | keine neue | keine neuen |
accusative | keinen neuen | kein neues | keine neue | keine neuen |
dative | keinem neuen | keinem neuen | keiner neuen | keinen neuen |
genitive | keines neuen | keines neuen | keiner neuen | keiner neuen |
mein neuer
my new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | mein neuer | mein neues | meine neue | meine neuen |
accusative | meinen neuen | mein neues | meine neue | meine neuen |
dative | meinem neuen | meinem neuen | meiner neuen | meinen neuen |
genitive | meines neuen | meines neuen | meiner neuen | meiner neuen |
dein neuer
your new (singular informal)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | dein neuer | dein neues | deine neue | deine neuen |
accusative | dein neuen | dein neues | deine neue | deine neuen |
dative | deinem neuen | deinem neuen | deiner neuen | deinen neuen |
genitive | deines neuen | deines neuen | deiner neuen | deiner neuen |
sein neuer
his new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | sein neuer | sein neues | seine neue | seine neuen |
accusative | seinen neuen | sein neues | seine neue | seine neuen |
dative | seinem neuen | seinem neuen | seiner neuen | seinen neuen |
genitive | seines neuen | seines neuen | seiner neuen | seiner neuen |
ihr neuer
her new; its new; one's new; their new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ihr neuer | ihr neues | ihre neue | ihre neuen |
accusative | ihren neuen | ihr neues | ihre neue | ihre neuen |
dative | ihrem neuen | ihrem neuen | ihrer neuen | ihren neuen |
genitive | ihres neuen | ihres neuen | ihrer neuen | ihrer neuen |
Ihr neuer
your new (formal)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | Ihr neuer | Ihr neues | Ihre neue | Ihre neuen |
accusative | Ihren neuen | Ihr neues | Ihre neue | Ihre neuen |
dative | Ihrem neuen | Ihrem neuen | Ihrer neuen | Ihren neuen |
genitive | Ihres neuen | Ihres neuen | Ihrer neuen | Ihrer neuen |
unser neuer
our new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | unser neuer | unser neues | unsere neue
unsre neue |
unsere neuen
unsre neuen |
accusative | unseren neuen
unsern neuen unsren neuen |
unser neues | unsere neue
unsre neue |
unsere neuen
unsre neuen |
dative | unserem neuen
unserm neuen unsrem neuen |
unserem neuen
unserm neuen unsrem neuen |
unserer neuen
unsrer neuen |
unseren neuen
unsern neuen unsren neuen |
genitive | unseres neuen
unsres neuen |
unseres neuen
unsres neuen |
unserer neuen
unsrer neuen |
unserer neuen
unsrer neuen |
euer neuer
your new (plural informal)
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | euer neuer | euer neues | eure neue
euere neue |
eure neuen
euere neuen |
accusative | eueren neuen
euren neuen |
eueres neues
eures neues |
eure neue
euere neue |
eure neuen
euere neuen |
dative | euerem neuen
eurem neuen |
euerem neuen
eurem neuen |
euerer neuen
eurer neuen |
eueren neuen
euren neuen |
genitive | eueres neuen
eures neuen |
eueres neuen
eures neuen |
euerer neuen
eurer neuen |
euerer neuen
eurer neuen |
Strong declension
Strong declension is used when there is no preceding determiner or the determiner can't fully indicate the case, gender and number of the noun.
neuer
new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | neuer | neues | neue | neue |
accusative | neuen | neues | neue | neue |
dative | neuem | neuem | neuer | neuen |
genitive | neuen | neuen | neuer | neuer |
etwas neuer
some new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | etwas neuer | etwas neues | etwas neue | etwas neue |
accusative | etwas neuen | etwas neues | etwas neue | etwas neue |
dative | etwas neuem | etwas neuem | etwas neuer | etwas neuen |
genitive | etwas neuen | etwas neuen | etwas neuer | etwas neuer |
mehr neuer
more new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | mehr neuer | mehr neues | mehr neue | mehr neue |
accusative | mehr neuen | mehr neues | mehr neue | mehr neue |
dative | mehr neuem | mehr neuem | mehr neuer | mehr neuen |
genitive | mehr neuen | mehr neuen | mehr neuer | mehr neuer |
No declension
Declension doesn't happen to predicative adjectives.
nichts neu
not new
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | nichts neu | |||
accusative | ||||
dative | ||||
genitive |
Reference:
Noun declension
Regular declension
For masculine and neuter (both singular), an “-s” or “-es” is added in genitive accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-es”; otherwise “-s”. Sometimes both are accepted.
For plural, an “-n” or “-en” is often added in dative accordingly. If it ends with “-z” or “-s”, that will likely be “-en”; if it ends with “-n”, then “-n” or “-en” is not to be added; otherwise “-n”.
spoon, knife, fork, glasses
masculine | neuter | feminine | plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | Löffel | Messer | Gabel | Gläser |
accusative | Löffel | Messer | Gabel | Gläser |
dative | Löffel | Messer | Gabel | Gläsern |
genitive | Löffels | Messers | Gabel | Gläser |
If you have this question, you are carefully thinking about the declension:
Why are “-s” and “-n” added?
The clue is in this page somewhere above. I don't tell you the answer. You should and you can find it on your own.
N-declension
For weak masculine nouns and several neuter nouns, the declension is adding “-n” or “-en” accordingly at the end in accusative, dative and genitive. If it ends with “-e”, that will likely be “-n”; otherwise “-en”.
student
masculine | |
---|---|
nominative | Student |
accusative | Studenten |
dative | Studenten |
genitive | Studenten |
Several words have an additional “regular declension” after common N-declension.
name
masculine | |
---|---|
nominative | Name |
accusative | Namen |
dative | Namen |
genitive | Namens |
There is an exception: Herz
heart
neuter | |
---|---|
nominative | Herz |
accusative | Herz |
dative | Herzen |
genitive | Herzens |
Reference:
Pronoun declension
Personal pronoun
1st-person singular | 2nd-person singular informal | 3rd-person singular masculine | 3rd-person singular feminine | 3rd-person singular neuter | 1st-person plural | 2nd-person plural informal | 3rd-person plural | 2nd-person formal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ich | du | er | sie | es | wir | ihr | sie | Sie |
accusative | mich | dich | ihn | sie | es | uns | euch | sie | Sie |
dative | mir | dir | ihm | ihr | ihm | uns | euch | ihnen | Ihnen |
genitive | meiner | deiner | seiner | ihrer | seiner | unser | euer | ihrer | Ihrer |
Possesive pronoun
1st-person singular | 2nd-person singular informal | 3rd-person singular masculine | 3rd-person singular feminine | 3rd-person singular neuter | 1st-person plural | 2nd-person plural informal | 3rd-person plural | 2nd-person formal |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mein | dein | sein | ihr | sein | unser | euer | ihr | Ihr |
Declensions of possessive pronouns is determined by its function:
- Weak declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has an preceding declined determiner.
- Mixed declension: possessive pronoun is predicative and has no preceding declined determiner.
- Strong declension: possessive pronoun is attributive.
Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_declension
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_nouns#Declension_for_case
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_adjectives#Weak,_mixed,_and_strong_inflection
https://www.germanveryeasy.com/noun-declension