Difference between revisions of "Language/Panjabi/Grammar/Nouns"
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<div class="pg_page_title">Panjabi Grammar - Nouns</div> | <div class="pg_page_title">Panjabi Grammar - Nouns</div> | ||
Hi Panjabi learners! 😊<br>In | |||
Hi [https://polyglotclub.com/language/panjabi Panjabi] learners! 😊<br>In this lesson, we will learn about Panjabi nouns. We will discover how to identify them, the different types of nouns in Panjabi, their gender, number, and case. | |||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
== What is a noun? == | |||
A noun refers to a person, place, thing, or idea. In Panjabi, a noun is called "ਸਿੱਖ" (sikkh). | |||
Example: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English | |||
|- | |||
| ਕਮਲ || kamal || Lotus | |||
|} | |||
In the example above, "ਕਮਲ" (kamal) is a noun that refers to a type of flower. | |||
== Types of Nouns == | == Types of Nouns == | ||
There are | There are different types of nouns in Panjabi. Here are some examples: | ||
=== ਵਾਕ || Vak - Common or Countable Nouns === | |||
Vak refers to common or countable nouns. These nouns can be singular or plural. | |||
Examples: | |||
* ਗਾਣਾ - Gaana (Song) | |||
* ਕਿਤਾਬ - Kitaab (Book) | |||
When we use a countable noun in a sentence, it takes different forms depending on whether it's in the singular or plural form. This is called "ਵਚਨ" (Vachan) in Panjabi. | |||
Here's an example in the singular and plural form: | |||
* "ਮੈਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜਦਾ/ਪੜਦੀ ਹਾਂ ।" (Main kitaab pardaa/pardi haan.) - I am reading a book. | |||
* "ਉਹਨਾਂ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਨੇ ਉਹਨੂੰ ਬਹੁਤ ਫਾਇਦਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ।" (Unhaan kitaabaan ne unno bahut faidaa dittaa.) - Those books gave them a lot of benefit. | |||
=== ਅਸਾਧਾਰਣ ਵਾਕ || Asadharn Vak - Proper Nouns === | |||
Asadharn Vak refers to proper nouns. These nouns are specific and unique. In general, proper nouns in Panjabi are capitalized. | |||
Examples: | |||
* ਭਾਰਤ - Bharat (India) | |||
* ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ - Computer | |||
When we use a proper noun in a sentence, it does not take different forms. | |||
Example: | |||
* "ਹਰਮਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਲ ਗਾਣਾ ਬਣਾਇਆ।" (Harman Singh ne aapne computer di madad naal gaanaa banaaya.) - Harman Singh made a song with the help of his computer. | |||
=== ਨਾਇਕ || Naik - Abstract Nouns === | |||
Naik refers to abstract nouns. These nouns are intangible and refer to emotions, ideas or concepts. | |||
Examples: | |||
* ਪ੍ਰੀਤ - Preet (Love) | |||
* ਆਪਣਾਪਣਾਂ - Apnapanaan (Belongingness) | |||
When we use an abstract noun in a sentence, it does not take different forms. | |||
Example: | |||
* "ਮੈਂ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਦਾ ਇਜਹਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ।" (Mainne aapne preet da ijhaar kiita.) - I expressed my love. | |||
== Gender of Nouns == | |||
Nouns in Panjabi also have genders. They can be: | |||
* ਪੁਲਿੰਗ || Puling - Masculine Gender | |||
* ਸਤਰੀੰਗ || Strieng - Feminine Gender | |||
Here are some examples: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Panjabi !! Pronunciation !! English | |||
|- | |||
| ਮੁੰਡਾ || Munda || Boy (Masculine) | |||
|- | |||
| ਕੁੜੀ || Kudi || Girl (Feminine) | |||
|- | |||
| ਗੁਰੂ || Guru || Guru (Masculine) | |||
|} | |||
To identify the gender of a noun in Panjabi, we consider its ending. For example, nouns ending with "ਆਂ" (aan) are usually feminine, such as "ਕੁੜੀ" (kudi), which means girl. | |||
Example conversation: | |||
* ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੁੜੀ ਹੋ? (Kee tusi kudi ho?) - Are you a girl? | |||
* ਜੀ ਹਾਂ, ਮੈਂ ਇੱਕ ਕੁੜੀ ਹਾਂ। (Jee haa, main ik kudi haan.) - Yes, I am a girl. | |||
== | == Number of Nouns == | ||
We have already seen that in Panjabi, countable nouns can be singular or plural. Here's more detail: | |||
* ਇਕ || Ik - One | |||
* ਦੋ || Do - Two | |||
* ਤਿੰਨ || Tinn - Three | |||
* ਚਾਰ || Char - Four | |||
* ਪੰਜ || Panj - Five | |||
* ਛੇ || Chhe - Six | |||
* ਸੱਤ || Satt - Seven | |||
* ਅੱਠ || Att - Eight | |||
* ਨੌਂ || Nau - Nine | |||
* ਦਸ || Das - Ten | |||
To make a noun plural, we add suffixes to the noun based on its ending. | |||
Example: | |||
= | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
|ਨਲ || ਨਲਾਂ | |||
|} | |||
In the example above, "ਨਲ" (nal) is masculine and singular, whereas "ਨਲਾਂ" (nalaan) is its plural form. | |||
In general, masculine nouns that end with a consonant use "ਆਂ" (aan) suffix for the plural form. Feminine nouns that end with a consonant use "ਈਆਂ" (eeaan), and those that end with "ਆ" (aa) use "ਉਂ" (oon). | |||
Example conversation: | |||
* ਰਾਜਾਂ ਦਾ ਘਰ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ? (Rajaan da ghar kithhe hai?) - Where is the king's palace? | |||
* ਰਾਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (Rajaan de ghar vich hai.) - It's inside the king's palace. | |||
== | == Cases of Nouns == | ||
Cases refer to the different forms a noun can take based on its function in a sentence. In Panjabi, there are ten cases for nouns. | |||
Here are some examples: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! Case !! Purpose !! Example | |||
|- | |||
| ਇਹ || Nominative || Subject of the sentence. ਇਹ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਹੈ | This is a book | |||
|- | |||
| ਉਸ || Accusative || Direct object of the sentence. ਉਸ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਨੂੰ ਪੜ੍ਹਿਆ | He read that book | |||
|- | |||
| ਉਸਨ || Ergative || Indirect object of the sentence. ਉਸਨੇ ਮੈਨੂੰ ਉਪਹਾਰ ਦਿੱਤਾ | He gave me a gift | |||
|- | |||
| ਉਸ || Vocative || Used for addressing the noun. ਕੁੜੀ, ਤੂੰ ਹਨਿੰਦੀ ਸਿੱਖਦੀ ਹੈ? | Girl, are you learning Hindi? | |||
|} | |||
Example conversation: | |||
* ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਿੱਖਦੇ ਹੋ? (Kee tusi panjabi sikhde ho?) - Are you learning Panjabi? | |||
* ਜੀ ਹਾਂ, ਮੈਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਿੱਖਦੀ ਹਾਂ। (Jee haa, main panjabi sikhdi haan.) - Yes, I am learning Panjabi. | |||
To improve your [[Language/Panjabi|Panjabi]] [[Language/Panjabi/Grammar|Grammar]], you can also use the [https://polyglotclub.com Polyglot Club] website. [https://polyglotclub.com/find-friends.php?search=send&d=0&f=36&offre1=99 Find native speakers] and ask them any [https://polyglotclub.com/language/panjabi/question questions]! | |||
== Sources == | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjabi_language Panjabi language] | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nouns_by_gender List of nouns by gender] | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declension Declension] | |||
= | {{#seo: | ||
|title=Panjabi Grammar - Nouns | |||
|keywords=Panjabi, nouns, grammar, masculine gender, feminine gender, abstract nouns, plural | |||
|description=In this lesson, we will learn about Panjabi nouns. We will discover how to identify them, the different types of nouns in Panjabi, their gender, number, and case. | |||
}} | |||
{{Panjabi-Page-Bottom}} | {{Panjabi-Page-Bottom}} |
Revision as of 20:19, 4 March 2023
Hi Panjabi learners! 😊
In this lesson, we will learn about Panjabi nouns. We will discover how to identify them, the different types of nouns in Panjabi, their gender, number, and case.
What is a noun?
A noun refers to a person, place, thing, or idea. In Panjabi, a noun is called "ਸਿੱਖ" (sikkh).
Example:
Panjabi | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ਕਮਲ | kamal | Lotus |
In the example above, "ਕਮਲ" (kamal) is a noun that refers to a type of flower.
Types of Nouns
There are different types of nouns in Panjabi. Here are some examples:
ਵਾਕ || Vak - Common or Countable Nouns
Vak refers to common or countable nouns. These nouns can be singular or plural.
Examples:
- ਗਾਣਾ - Gaana (Song)
- ਕਿਤਾਬ - Kitaab (Book)
When we use a countable noun in a sentence, it takes different forms depending on whether it's in the singular or plural form. This is called "ਵਚਨ" (Vachan) in Panjabi.
Here's an example in the singular and plural form:
- "ਮੈਂ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਪੜਦਾ/ਪੜਦੀ ਹਾਂ ।" (Main kitaab pardaa/pardi haan.) - I am reading a book.
- "ਉਹਨਾਂ ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ ਨੇ ਉਹਨੂੰ ਬਹੁਤ ਫਾਇਦਾ ਦਿੱਤਾ।" (Unhaan kitaabaan ne unno bahut faidaa dittaa.) - Those books gave them a lot of benefit.
ਅਸਾਧਾਰਣ ਵਾਕ || Asadharn Vak - Proper Nouns
Asadharn Vak refers to proper nouns. These nouns are specific and unique. In general, proper nouns in Panjabi are capitalized.
Examples:
- ਭਾਰਤ - Bharat (India)
- ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ - Computer
When we use a proper noun in a sentence, it does not take different forms.
Example:
- "ਹਰਮਨ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਲ ਗਾਣਾ ਬਣਾਇਆ।" (Harman Singh ne aapne computer di madad naal gaanaa banaaya.) - Harman Singh made a song with the help of his computer.
ਨਾਇਕ || Naik - Abstract Nouns
Naik refers to abstract nouns. These nouns are intangible and refer to emotions, ideas or concepts.
Examples:
- ਪ੍ਰੀਤ - Preet (Love)
- ਆਪਣਾਪਣਾਂ - Apnapanaan (Belongingness)
When we use an abstract noun in a sentence, it does not take different forms.
Example:
- "ਮੈਂ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਪ੍ਰੀਤ ਦਾ ਇਜਹਾਰ ਕੀਤਾ।" (Mainne aapne preet da ijhaar kiita.) - I expressed my love.
Gender of Nouns
Nouns in Panjabi also have genders. They can be:
- ਪੁਲਿੰਗ || Puling - Masculine Gender
- ਸਤਰੀੰਗ || Strieng - Feminine Gender
Here are some examples:
Panjabi | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
ਮੁੰਡਾ | Munda | Boy (Masculine) |
ਕੁੜੀ | Kudi | Girl (Feminine) |
ਗੁਰੂ | Guru | Guru (Masculine) |
To identify the gender of a noun in Panjabi, we consider its ending. For example, nouns ending with "ਆਂ" (aan) are usually feminine, such as "ਕੁੜੀ" (kudi), which means girl.
Example conversation:
- ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਕੁੜੀ ਹੋ? (Kee tusi kudi ho?) - Are you a girl?
- ਜੀ ਹਾਂ, ਮੈਂ ਇੱਕ ਕੁੜੀ ਹਾਂ। (Jee haa, main ik kudi haan.) - Yes, I am a girl.
Number of Nouns
We have already seen that in Panjabi, countable nouns can be singular or plural. Here's more detail:
- ਇਕ || Ik - One
- ਦੋ || Do - Two
- ਤਿੰਨ || Tinn - Three
- ਚਾਰ || Char - Four
- ਪੰਜ || Panj - Five
- ਛੇ || Chhe - Six
- ਸੱਤ || Satt - Seven
- ਅੱਠ || Att - Eight
- ਨੌਂ || Nau - Nine
- ਦਸ || Das - Ten
To make a noun plural, we add suffixes to the noun based on its ending.
Example:
Singular | Plural |
---|---|
ਨਲ | ਨਲਾਂ |
In the example above, "ਨਲ" (nal) is masculine and singular, whereas "ਨਲਾਂ" (nalaan) is its plural form.
In general, masculine nouns that end with a consonant use "ਆਂ" (aan) suffix for the plural form. Feminine nouns that end with a consonant use "ਈਆਂ" (eeaan), and those that end with "ਆ" (aa) use "ਉਂ" (oon).
Example conversation:
- ਰਾਜਾਂ ਦਾ ਘਰ ਕਿੱਥੇ ਹੈ? (Rajaan da ghar kithhe hai?) - Where is the king's palace?
- ਰਾਜਾਂ ਦੇ ਘਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ। (Rajaan de ghar vich hai.) - It's inside the king's palace.
Cases of Nouns
Cases refer to the different forms a noun can take based on its function in a sentence. In Panjabi, there are ten cases for nouns.
Here are some examples:
Case | Purpose | Example |
---|---|---|
ਇਹ | Nominative | This is a book |
ਉਸ | Accusative | He read that book |
ਉਸਨ | Ergative | He gave me a gift |
ਉਸ | Vocative | Girl, are you learning Hindi? |
Example conversation:
- ਕੀ ਤੁਸੀਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਿੱਖਦੇ ਹੋ? (Kee tusi panjabi sikhde ho?) - Are you learning Panjabi?
- ਜੀ ਹਾਂ, ਮੈਂ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਸਿੱਖਦੀ ਹਾਂ। (Jee haa, main panjabi sikhdi haan.) - Yes, I am learning Panjabi.
To improve your Panjabi Grammar, you can also use the Polyglot Club website. Find native speakers and ask them any questions!
Sources