Difference between revisions of "Language/French/Culture/French-Major-Historical-Dates"
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==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
* https://www.espacefrancais.com/chronologie-abregee-de-lhistoire-de-france/ | * https://www.espacefrancais.com/chronologie-abregee-de-lhistoire-de-france/ | ||
==Videos== | |||
===Basque Country: French Culture - YouTube=== | |||
<youtube>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qc9VTsUZg9Y</youtube> |
Revision as of 17:21, 22 February 2023
French Major Historical Dates - Short chronology of the history of France
Understanding important events that influenced France is necessary to better comprehend its culture. Let's examine a brief timeline of French history with some of the most important moments that have influenced the nation throughout the ages.
Let's get started on our historical tour of France!
The Middle Age | |
481 | Clovis, crowned king of the Franks |
496 | Conversion of Clovis to Christianity |
511-751 | The Merovingian kings |
751 | The Carolingians: Pepin the Short, King of the Franks |
768 | Charlemagne, king of the Franks |
800 | Charlemagne, crowned emperor |
843 | Charles the Bald, King of Francia Occidentalis |
885 | The Vikings lay siege to Paris |
911 | Creation of the Duchy of Normandy |
987 | Hugues Capet, first king of the Capetian dynasty |
1066 | Conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy |
1095 | First crusade |
1154 | Henry II Plantagenêt, King of England |
1229 | Saint Louis crowned King of France |
1337 | Beginning of the Hundred Years' War |
1347-1349 | Black plague epidemic |
1420 | Treaty of Troyes, France is handed over to the King of England |
1412-1431 | Life of Joan of Arc |
1427 | Coronation of Charles VII in Reims |
1453 | End of the Hundred Years War |
The old regime | |
1495 | Beginning of the Italian wars |
1515 | François 1st, King of France |
1534 | Jacques Cartier in Canada |
1560 | Regency of Catherine de Medici |
1572 | Massacre of Protestants in Paris on Saint Bartholomew's Day |
1594 | Henry IV, King of France |
1598 | Edit of Nantes |
1610 | Assassination of Henri IV |
1617 | Louis XIII, King of France, assumes power after the regency of Marie de Medici |
1624 | Richelieu, adviser to the king |
1628 | Siege of La Rochelle, restrictions of the clauses of the Edict of Nantes |
1635 | Foundation of the French Academy by Richelieu |
1642 | Death of Richelieu |
1643 | Death of Louis XIII, regency of Anne of Austria |
1648 | Treaty of Westphalia |
1642-1652 | Revolts of the Fronde |
1652 | Beginning of the reign of Louis XIV |
1661 | Death of Mazarin, Louis XIV alone assumes power |
1685 | Revocation of the Edict of Nantes |
1714 | France concedes part of Canada to England |
1715 | Death of Louis XIV, regency of Philippe of Orleans |
1728 | Beginning of the reign of Louis XV |
1748 | The Spirit of the Laws of Montesquieu |
1751 | Beginning of publication of Diderot's Encyclopedia |
1756 | Essay on Mores and the Spirit of Nations by Voltaire |
1762 | The Social Contract, by Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
1763 | End of the Seven Years' War, France loses India and Canada |
1774 | Death of Louis XV, beginning of the reign of Louis XVI |
The revolution | |
1788 | Louis XVI convenes the States General |
1789 | June 20: Oath of the Jeu de Paume |
July 9: Constituent Assembly | |
July 14: Storming of the Bastille | |
August 26: declaration of human and citizen rights | |
1791 | June: Louis XVI is captured in Varennes in his attempt to flee the country |
1792 | April: declaration of war against Austria and Prussia, its ally |
August 10: the Convention replaces the Constituent Assembly, Louis XVI is deposed | |
September 10: victory of the revolutionary troops at Valmy | |
September 11: proclamation of the Republic | |
1793 | January 21: Louis XVI is executed |
May: start of the Terror | |
1794 | March-April: execution of the Hébertistes then the Indulgents, including Danton and Desmoulins. |
Robespierre takes the head of the Committee of Public Safety | |
August 27: execution of Robespierre and end of the Montagnard Convention | |
1795 | October: the Directory takes over from the Convention |
1796-1798 | Bonaparte's victorious military campaigns in Austria, Italy and Egypt |
1799 | November: Bonaparte's coup d'etat (18 Brumaire). |
The Consulate succeeds the Directory | |
The 19th century | |
1800 | Bonaparte appointed first consul |
1801 | Concordat |
1802 | Constitution of Year X: Bonaparte consul "for life" |
1804 | Civil Code, Banque de France |
Napoleon 1st, emperor | |
1805 | Defeat at Trafalgar; Victory at Austerlitz |
1808 | Beginning of the continental blockade against England |
1812 | Russian campaign |
1814 | Defeat of Leipzig, Napoleon deported to Elba Island |
Louis XVIII, King of France | |
1815 | The Hundred Days (March 20-June 20) |
Defeat at Waterloo; Napoleon exiled to Saint Helena | |
Beginning of the Restoration | |
1824 | Charles X, King of France |
1830 | Three Glorious Days (July 27, 28, 29) |
Louis Philippe, King of France, start of the July Monarchy | |
Capture of Algiers | |
1840 | Beginning of the Guizot ministry |
1848 | February 24: Abdication of Louis Philippe, proclamation of the Second Republic |
Universal suffrage (only for men) | |
November: Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, President of the Republic | |
1852 | Napoleon III, beginning of the Second Empire |
1857 | Conquest of Algeria |
1870 | Franco-Prussian War, Napoleon III prisoner in Sedan. |
Proclamation of the Third Republic (September 4) | |
1871 | February: Insurrection of the Paris Commune |
May 10: Treaty of Frankfurt, France loses Alsace and Lorraine | |
May 18: Crushing of the Municipality | |
1882 | Jules Ferry Ministry: Decree on free, secular and compulsory education from 6 to 13 years old |
1883 | Protectorate on Annam (Vietnam) |
1887 | Creation of French Indochina |
1898 | Dreyfus Affair: Zola publishes "I accuse! "In Aurora |
The twentieth century | |
1900 | Intervention of French troops against the Boxer uprising in China |
1905 | Separation of Church and State |
1913-1920 | Raymond Poincaré, President of the Republic |
1914 | Beginning of the First World War |
1916 | February-November: Battle of Verdun |
1918 | November 11: signing of the armistice |
1919 | Treaty of Versailles: Alsace and Lorraine returned to France |
1923 | First Poincaré Ministry (until 1924) |
Occupation of the Ruhr by French troops | |
1926-1929 | Second Poincaré Ministry |
1929 | Start of construction of the Maginot line between France and Germany |
1931 | Beginning of the economic recession (until 1935) |
1936 | Popular Front: Ministry of Léon Blum |
1938 | September: signature by President Daladier of the Munich Agreements |
1939 | Declaration of war on Germany |
1940 | May: Germany invades France north of the Maginot Line |
June 18: from London, call from General de Gaulle for French resistance | |
June 22: signature of the armistice by the Pétain government | |
July 11: proclamation of the Vichy government | |
October 24: Pétain meets Hitler in Montoire | |
1941 | First arrests of Jews |
1942 | November 11: the free zone in the south is invaded by the Germans |
1944 | June 6: Allied landing in Normandy |
August 15: Landing of Franco-American troops in Provence | |
August 25: Liberation of Paris | |
1945 | Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF), led by General de Gaulle: laws on the vote for women, nationalizations, creation of Social Security |
1946 | January: Resignation of General de Gaulle from the GPRF |
1951 | Creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), ancestor of the European Union |
1954 | May 7: Defeat of Diên Biên Phu, end of the French occupation in Indochina |
November 1: start of the Algerian war | |
1956 | Independence of Morocco and Tunisia |
1957 | Treaty of Rome: creation of the Economic and European Commission (EEC) |
1958 | June: de Gaulle returns to power following the Algerian crisis |
September: adoption of the new constitution of the Fifth Republic | |
December: de Gaulle is elected President of the Republic | |
1962 | Algeria’s independence following the Evian agreements |
1963 | De Gaulle opposes Britain's entry into the EEC |
Franco-German Treaty of Friendship | |
1966 | Withdrawal of France from NATO's military system |
1968 | May events |
1969 | April: resignation of General de Gaulle. |
Georges Pompidou is elected President of the Republic in June | |
1971 | François Mitterrand, first secretary of the Socialist Party (PS) |
1973 | First oil shock |
1974 | Valéry Giscard d´Estaing, President of the Republic. Jacques Chirac was Prime Minister until 1976 |
1979 | First elections to the European Parliament |
1981 | François Mitterrand, President of the Republic |
1986 | First cohabitation: Jacques Chirac, Prime Minister |
1988 | Re-election of François Mitterrand as President of the Republic |
1995 | Jacques Chirac, President of the Republic (reelected in 2002) |