Difference between revisions of "Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Present-Tense"

From Polyglot Club WIKI
Jump to navigation Jump to search
m (Quick edit)
m (Quick edit)
 
Line 9: Line 9:


{{Northern-kurdish-Page-Top}}
{{Northern-kurdish-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-kurdish|Northern Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verb Conjugation → Present Tense</div>
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-kurdish|Northern Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>
 
Welcome to our lesson on the '''Present Tense''' in Northern Kurdish! Understanding how to use the present tense is crucial for building a solid foundation in any language, and Northern Kurdish is no exception. The present tense allows you to express actions that are currently happening, habits, or general truths, making it an essential part of everyday conversation.
 
In this lesson, we'll explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Northern Kurdish. We’ll start with some fundamental principles and gradually dive into more complex aspects, all while providing plenty of examples to illustrate each point. By the end of this lesson, you should feel comfortable using the present tense in various contexts.


__TOC__
__TOC__


== Introduction ==
=== Importance of the Present Tense ===


In this lesson, we will delve into the present tense of Northern Kurdish verbs. The present tense is a fundamental aspect of the language, allowing us to express actions happening in the current moment. Understanding how to conjugate verbs in the present tense is crucial for effective communication in Northern Kurdish. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid foundation in conjugating verbs in the present tense and be able to form simple sentences in Northern Kurdish.
The present tense is vital for expressing immediate actions and states. It allows speakers to communicate effectively about their daily lives, feelings, and thoughts. In Northern Kurdish, mastering the present tense will empower you to engage in conversations and express yourself more clearly.  


== Conjugation of Verbs in the Present Tense ==
=== Overview of the Present Tense Structure ===


To express actions happening in the present tense in Northern Kurdish, we need to conjugate verbs accordingly. The conjugation of verbs in the present tense depends on the subject of the sentence. Let's take a look at the conjugation patterns for different subject pronouns in Northern Kurdish:
In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed using the root of the verb with specific endings based on the subject pronoun. The verb changes according to whether the subject is singular or plural, and there are different endings for different conjugations.


=== Conjugation with Subject Pronouns ===
=== Subject Pronouns in Northern Kurdish ===


Here are the conjugation patterns for the present tense of Northern Kurdish verbs with different subject pronouns:
Before we delve into the verb conjugation itself, let's take a moment to review the subject pronouns in Northern Kurdish:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Subject Pronoun !! Verb Conjugation
 
! Pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| Ez (I) || Verb + im
 
| ez || /ɛz/ || I
 
|-
 
| tu || /tu/ || you (singular)
 
|-
|-
| Tu (You) || Verb + î
 
| ew || /ew/ || he/she/it
 
|-
 
| em || /ɛm/ || we
 
|-
 
| hûn || /huːn/ || you (plural)
 
|-
|-
| Ew (He/She/It) || Verb + e
 
| ew || /ew/ || they
 
|}
 
As you can see, the pronouns are integral to forming sentences in the present tense. Now, let’s explore how these pronouns affect verb conjugation.
 
=== Present Tense Verb Conjugation ===
 
In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb root based on the subject pronoun. Here’s how it works:
 
1. '''For "ez" (I)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-im'''.
 
2. '''For "tu" (you singular)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-î'''.
 
3. '''For "ew" (he/she/it)''': The verb root often takes the suffix '''-e'''.
 
4. '''For "em" (we)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-in'''.
 
5. '''For "hûn" (you plural)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-in'''.
 
6. '''For "ew" (they)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-in'''.
 
Let’s illustrate these conjugations with the verb "to go" (çûn) as an example:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ez çûnim || /ɛz tʃuːnɪm/ || I go
 
|-
 
| tu çûnî || /tu tʃuːnɪ/ || you (singular) go
 
|-
 
| ew çûne || /ew tʃuːnɛ/ || he/she/it goes
 
|-
 
| em çûnî || /ɛm tʃuːni/ || we go
 
|-
 
| hûn çûnî || /huːn tʃuːni/ || you (plural) go
 
|-
 
| ew çûn || /ew tʃuːn/ || they go
 
|}
 
To further illustrate, let's look at another common verb, "to eat" (xwarin):
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ez xwarim || /ɛz xwɑːrɪm/ || I eat
 
|-
 
| tu xwarî || /tu xwɑːrɪ/ || you (singular) eat
 
|-
 
| ew xware || /ew xwɑːrɛ/ || he/she/it eats
 
|-
|-
| Em (We) || Verb + in
 
| em xwarin || /ɛm xwɑːrɪn/ || we eat
 
|-
|-
| Hûn (You all) || Verb + în
 
| hûn xwarin || /huːn xwɑːrɪn/ || you (plural) eat
 
|-
|-
| Ew (They) || Verb + in
 
| ew xwarin || /ew xwɑːrɪn/ || they eat
 
|}
|}


Let's see these conjugation patterns in action with some examples:
=== General Rules and Exceptions ===
 
While the rules above cover most regular verbs, there are a few exceptions and irregular verbs that you'll encounter. It’s essential to practice these as well.
 
Some verbs might change their form slightly or completely depending on the subject. It's beneficial to familiarize yourself with these irregularities as you progress in your studies.
 
=== Common Verbs in Present Tense ===
 
Here are some common verbs that you will frequently use in the present tense, along with their conjugations:
 
1. '''To know (zanin)''':
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ez zanin || /ɛz zɑːnɪn/ || I know


* Ez (I):
|-
- Ez dixwazim. (I want.)
- Ez têdikim. (I do.)
- Ez dibêjim. (I say.)


* Tu (You):
| tu zanî || /tu zɑːnɪ/ || you (singular) know
- Tu dixwazî. (You want.)
- Tu têdiki. (You do.)
- Tu dibêjî. (You say.)


* Ew (He/She/It):
|-
- Ew dixwaze. (He/She/It wants.)
- Ew têdike. (He/She/It does.)
- Ew dibêje. (He/She/It says.)


* Em (We):
| ew zane || /ew zɑːnɛ/ || he/she/it knows
- Em dixwazin. (We want.)
- Em têdikin. (We do.)
- Em dibêjin. (We say.)


* Hûn (You all):
|-
- Hûn dixwazin. (You all want.)
- Hûn têdikin. (You all do.)
- Hûn dibêjin. (You all say.)


* Ew (They):
| em zanin || /ɛm zɑːnɪn/ || we know
- Ew dixwazin. (They want.)
- Ew têdikin. (They do.)
- Ew dibêjin. (They say.)


=== Verb Conjugation with Pronominal Suffixes ===
|-


In addition to using subject pronouns, Northern Kurdish verbs can also be conjugated using pronominal suffixes. These suffixes are attached to the end of the verb, indicating the subject of the sentence. Here are the pronominal suffixes for the present tense in Northern Kurdish:
| hûn zanin || /huːn zɑːnɪn/ || you (plural) know
 
|-
 
| ew zanin || /ew zɑːnɪn/ || they know
 
|}
 
2. '''To see (dîtin)''':


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Pronominal Suffix !! Example
 
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
|-
| -im || dixwaz-im (I want)
 
| ez dîtim || /ɛz diːtɪm/ || I see
 
|-
|-
| -î || dixwaz-î (You want)
 
| tu dîtî || /tu diːtɪ/ || you (singular) see
 
|-
|-
| -e || dixwaz-e (He/She/It wants)
 
| ew dîte || /ew diːtɛ/ || he/she/it sees
 
|-
|-
| -in || dixwaz-in (We want)
 
| em dîtin || /ɛm diːtɪn/ || we see
 
|-
|-
| -în || dixwaz-în (You all want)
 
| hûn dîtin || /huːn diːtɪn/ || you (plural) see
 
|-
|-
| -in || dixwaz-in (They want)
 
| ew dîtin || /ew diːtɪn/ || they see
 
|}
|}


Let's see these pronominal suffixes in action with some examples:
3. '''To want (xwestin)''':


* Ez (I):
{| class="wikitable"
- Dixwazim. (I want.)
- Têdikim. (I do.)
- Dibêjim. (I say.)


* Tu (You):
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
- Dixwazî. (You want.)
- Têdiki. (You do.)
- Dibêjî. (You say.)


* Ew (He/She/It):
|-
- Dixwaze. (He/She/It wants.)
- Têdike. (He/She/It does.)
- Dibêje. (He/She/It says.)


* Em (We):
| ez xwestim || /ɛz xwɛstɪm/ || I want
- Dixwazin. (We want.)
- Têdikin. (We do.)
- Dibêjin. (We say.)


* Hûn (You all):
|-
- Dixwazîn. (You all want.)
- Têdikin. (You all do.)
- Dibêjin. (You all say.)


* Ew (They):
| tu xwesti || /tu xwɛstɪ/ || you (singular) want
- Dixwazin. (They want.)
- Têdikin. (They do.)
- Dibêjin. (They say.)


== Cultural Insights ==
|-


The usage and understanding of the present tense in Northern Kurdish may vary slightly across different regions. For example, in some regions, there might be subtle differences in verb conjugation patterns or the use of pronominal suffixes. These variations can be attributed to historical and cultural factors, as well as dialectal influences within the Northern Kurdish-speaking communities.
| ew xweste || /ew xwɛstɛ/ || he/she/it wants


It is interesting to note that Northern Kurdish, also known as Kurmanji, is the most widely spoken dialect of the Kurdish language. It is primarily spoken in regions such as Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran. The rich cultural heritage of the Northern Kurdish people is reflected in their language, with unique expressions and idioms that add depth and color to everyday conversations.
|-


== Practice Exercises ==
| em xwestin || /ɛm xwɛstɪn/ || we want


Now, let's practice what we've learned! Complete the following exercises by conjugating the verbs in the present tense according to the given subject pronouns or pronominal suffixes. Solutions and explanations will be provided afterward for self-assessment.
|-


Exercise 1: Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense with the corresponding subject pronouns:
| hûn xwestin || /huːn xwɛstɪn/ || you (plural) want


* Verb: xwendin (to read)
|-
1. ____ dixwazim. (I want to read.)
2. ____ dixwazî. (You want to read.)
3. ____ dixwaze. (He/She/It wants to read.)
4. ____ dixwazin. (We want to read.)
5. ____ dixwazîn. (You all want to read.)
6. ____ dixwazin. (They want to read.)


* Verb: nivîsandin (to write)
| ew xwestin || /ew xwɛstɪn/ || they want
1. Ez ____ . (I write.)
2. Tu ____ . (You write.)
3. Ew ____ . (He/She/It writes.)
4. Em ____ . (We write.)
5. Hûn ____ . (You all write.)
6. Ew ____ . (They write.)


Exercise 2: Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense with the corresponding pronominal suffixes:
|}


* Verb: lêv kirin (to say)
4. '''To work (karîn)''':
1. Dibêj____ . (I say.)
2. Dibêj____ . (You say.)
3. Dibêj____ . (He/She/It says.)
4. Dibêj____ . (We say.)
5. Dibêj____ . (You all say.)
6. Dibêj____ . (They say.)


* Verb: derketin (to go out)
{| class="wikitable"
1. Ez ____ . (I go out.)
2. Tu ____ . (You go out.)
3. Ew ____ . (He/She/It goes out.)
4. Em ____ . (We go out.)
5. Hûn ____ . (You all go out.)
6. Ew ____ . (They go out.)


== Solutions and Explanations ==
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English


Exercise 1: Conjugation with Subject Pronouns
|-


* Verb: xwendin (to read)
| ez karim || /ɛz kɑːrɪm/ || I work
1. Ez dixwazim. (I want to read.)
2. Tu dixwazî. (You want to read.)
3. Ew dixwaze. (He/She/It wants to read.)
4. Em dixwazin. (We want to read.)
5. Hûn dixwazîn. (You all want to read.)
6. Ew dixwazin. (They want to read.)


* Verb: nivîsandin (to write)
|-
1. Ez nivîsîm. (I write.)
 
2. Tu nivîsî. (You write.)
| tu karî || /tu kɑːrɪ/ || you (singular) work
3. Ew nivîsî. (He/She/It writes.)
 
4. Em nivîsin. (We write.)
|-
5. Hûn nivîsîn. (You all write.)
 
6. Ew nivîsîn. (They write.)
| ew kare || /ew kɑːrɛ/ || he/she/it works
 
|-
 
| em karîn || /ɛm kɑːrɪn/ || we work
 
|-
 
| hûn karîn || /huːn kɑːrɪn/ || you (plural) work
 
|-


Exercise 2: Conjugation with Pronominal Suffixes
| ew karîn || /ew kɑːrɪn/ || they work


* Verb: lêv kirin (to say)
|}
1. Dibêjim. (I say.)
2. Dibêjî. (You say.)
3. Dibêje. (He/She/It says.)
4. Dibêjin. (We say.)
5. Dibêjîn. (You all say.)
6. Dibêjin. (They say.)


* Verb: derketin (to go out)
5. '''To play (lîstin)''':
1. Ez derdikim. (I go out.)
2. Tu derdiki. (You go out.)
3. Ew derdike. (He/She/It goes out.)
4. Em derdikin. (We go out.)
5. Hûn derdikin. (You all go out.)
6. Ew derdikin. (They go out.)


== Conclusion ==
{| class="wikitable"


Congratulations on completing this comprehensive lesson on the present tense of Northern Kurdish verbs! You have learned the conjugation patterns for different subject pronouns and pronominal suffixes, allowing you to form sentences in the present tense. Remember to practice regularly to reinforce your understanding and fluency in Northern Kurdish. The present tense is a crucial aspect of the language and will greatly enhance your ability to communicate effectively. Keep up the great work and continue your journey towards mastering the Northern Kurdish language!
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ez lîstim || /ɛz liːstɪm/ || I play
 
|-
 
| tu lîstî || /tu liːstɪ/ || you (singular) play
 
|-
 
| ew lîste || /ew liːstɛ/ || he/she/it plays
 
|-
 
| em lîstin || /ɛm liːstɪn/ || we play
 
|-
 
| hûn lîstin || /huːn liːstɪn/ || you (plural) play
 
|-
 
| ew lîstin || /ew liːstɪn/ || they play
 
|}
 
=== Using the Present Tense in Sentences ===
 
Now that we've covered the basics of conjugation, let's see how to use the present tense in sentences. Here are some examples:
 
1. '''I go to the market.''' (Ez bazarê çûnim.)
 
2. '''You eat breakfast.''' (Tu nanê sibehê xwarî.)
 
3. '''He sees a bird.''' (Ew mirîşkek dîte.)
 
4. '''We want to learn.''' (Em fêr bûn xwestin.)
 
5. '''They play football.''' (Ew futbolla lîstin.)
 
These sentences demonstrate how the present tense can convey actions and states in a straightforward manner. As you practice, try to create your own sentences using the verbs you've learned.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of the present tense.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense.
 
1. Ez __________ (xwarin) nanê. (I eat bread.)
 
2. Tu __________ (bûn) hevalê min. (You are my friend.)
 
3. Ew __________ (dîtin) fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)
 
4. Em __________ (karîn) bi hev re. (We work together.)
 
5. Hûn __________ (çûn) navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 1 ===
 
1. Ez '''xwarim''' nanê. (I eat bread.)
 
2. Tu '''bûnî''' hevalê min. (You are my friend.)
 
3. Ew '''dîte''' fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)
 
4. Em '''karîn''' bi hev re. (We work together.)
 
5. Hûn '''çûnî''' navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)
 
==== Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs ====
 
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.
 
1. '''to go (çûn)'''
 
2. '''to eat (xwarin)'''
 
3. '''to see (dîtin)'''
 
4. '''to want (xwestin)'''
 
5. '''to play (lîstin)'''
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 2 ===
 
1. '''to go (çûn)''':
 
* ez çûnim
 
* tu çûnî
 
* ew çûne
 
* em çûnî
 
* hûn çûnî
 
* ew çûn
 
2. '''to eat (xwarin)''':
 
* ez xwarim
 
* tu xwarî
 
* ew xware
 
* em xwarin
 
* hûn xwarin
 
* ew xwarin
 
3. '''to see (dîtin)''':
 
* ez dîtim
 
* tu dîtî
 
* ew dîte
 
* em dîtin
 
* hûn dîtin
 
* ew dîtin
 
4. '''to want (xwestin)''':
 
* ez xwestim
 
* tu xwesti
 
* ew xweste
 
* em xwestin
 
* hûn xwestin
 
* ew xwestin
 
5. '''to play (lîstin)''':
 
* ez lîstim
 
* tu lîstî
 
* ew lîste
 
* em lîstin
 
* hûn lîstin
 
* ew lîstin
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Northern Kurdish.
 
1. I want to eat.
 
2. They play in the park.
 
3. You see the mountains.
 
4. We go to the school.
 
5. He works every day.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 3 ===
 
1. Ez '''xwarin''' xwestim.
 
2. Ew '''li parka lîstin'''.
 
3. Tu '''çiyayên dîtî'''.
 
4. Em '''dibin navenda'''.
 
5. Ew '''her roj kar dike'''.
 
==== Exercise 4: Make Sentences ====
 
Using the following verbs, create sentences in the present tense.
 
1. (xwarin) - I eat fruit.
 
2. (çûn) - You go to school.
 
3. (dîtin) - He sees his friends.
 
4. (karîn) - We want to play.
 
5. (lîstin) - They work together.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 4 ===
 
1. Ez '''fêkê xwarim'''.
 
2. Tu '''dibî navenda'''.
 
3. Ew '''hevalên xwe dîte'''.
 
4. Em '''lîstin xwestin'''.
 
5. Ew '''bi hev re kar dikin'''.
 
==== Exercise 5: Identify the Errors ====
 
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.
 
1. Tu xwarî pîraz. (You eat a peach.)
 
2. Em dîtin fîlm. (We see a movie.)
 
3. Hûn çûnin bazar. (You (plural) go to the market.)
 
4. Ew xwestin nanê. (He/She wants bread.)
 
5. Ez lîstin futbolla. (I play football.)
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 5 ===
 
1. Tu '''xwarî pîraz'''. (Correct: Tu '''xwarî pîraz'''.)
 
2. Em '''dîtin fîlm'''. (Correct: Em '''dîtin fîlm'''.)
 
3. Hûn '''çûnî bazar'''. (Correct: Hûn '''çûnî bazar'''.)
 
4. Ew '''xweste nanê'''. (Correct: Ew '''xweste nanê'''.)
 
5. Ez '''lîstim futbolla'''. (Correct: Ez '''lîstim futbolla'''.)
 
=== Conclusion ===
 
In this lesson, we’ve explored the present tense in Northern Kurdish, covering the structure, conjugation, and practical examples. Remember to practice regularly and try forming sentences about your daily life using the present tense. The more you practice, the more fluent you’ll become in expressing yourself in Northern Kurdish.  
 
Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson where we'll dive into the past tense!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Northern Kurdish Grammar → Verb Conjugation → Present Tense
 
|keywords=Northern Kurdish, Kurdish language, verb conjugation, present tense, Northern Kurdish verbs, conjugation patterns, subject pronouns, pronominal suffixes, cultural insights
|title=Northern Kurdish Grammar: Present Tense
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the present tense of Northern Kurdish verbs. Understand the conjugation patterns for different subject pronouns and pronominal suffixes, and explore cultural insights related to the usage of the present tense in Northern Kurdish.
 
|keywords=Northern Kurdish, Present Tense, Kurdish Language, Verb Conjugation, Language Learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the present tense in Northern Kurdish, including verb conjugation, examples, and practice exercises.
 
}}
}}


{{Northern-kurdish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
{{Template:Northern-kurdish-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
Line 225: Line 543:
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Northern-kurdish-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Northern-kurdish-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo-16k></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
 




Latest revision as of 10:34, 1 August 2024

◀️ Numbers — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

428E5698-1835-4D55-B38A-EF3BD71F4C79.png
Northern Kurdish → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Present Tense in Northern Kurdish! Understanding how to use the present tense is crucial for building a solid foundation in any language, and Northern Kurdish is no exception. The present tense allows you to express actions that are currently happening, habits, or general truths, making it an essential part of everyday conversation.

In this lesson, we'll explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Northern Kurdish. We’ll start with some fundamental principles and gradually dive into more complex aspects, all while providing plenty of examples to illustrate each point. By the end of this lesson, you should feel comfortable using the present tense in various contexts.

Importance of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense is vital for expressing immediate actions and states. It allows speakers to communicate effectively about their daily lives, feelings, and thoughts. In Northern Kurdish, mastering the present tense will empower you to engage in conversations and express yourself more clearly.

Overview of the Present Tense Structure[edit | edit source]

In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed using the root of the verb with specific endings based on the subject pronoun. The verb changes according to whether the subject is singular or plural, and there are different endings for different conjugations.

Subject Pronouns in Northern Kurdish[edit | edit source]

Before we delve into the verb conjugation itself, let's take a moment to review the subject pronouns in Northern Kurdish:

Pronoun Pronunciation English
ez /ɛz/ I
tu /tu/ you (singular)
ew /ew/ he/she/it
em /ɛm/ we
hûn /huːn/ you (plural)
ew /ew/ they

As you can see, the pronouns are integral to forming sentences in the present tense. Now, let’s explore how these pronouns affect verb conjugation.

Present Tense Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb root based on the subject pronoun. Here’s how it works:

1. For "ez" (I): The verb root takes the suffix -im.

2. For "tu" (you singular): The verb root takes the suffix -î.

3. For "ew" (he/she/it): The verb root often takes the suffix -e.

4. For "em" (we): The verb root takes the suffix -in.

5. For "hûn" (you plural): The verb root takes the suffix -in.

6. For "ew" (they): The verb root takes the suffix -in.

Let’s illustrate these conjugations with the verb "to go" (çûn) as an example:

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez çûnim /ɛz tʃuːnɪm/ I go
tu çûnî /tu tʃuːnɪ/ you (singular) go
ew çûne /ew tʃuːnɛ/ he/she/it goes
em çûnî /ɛm tʃuːni/ we go
hûn çûnî /huːn tʃuːni/ you (plural) go
ew çûn /ew tʃuːn/ they go

To further illustrate, let's look at another common verb, "to eat" (xwarin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez xwarim /ɛz xwɑːrɪm/ I eat
tu xwarî /tu xwɑːrɪ/ you (singular) eat
ew xware /ew xwɑːrɛ/ he/she/it eats
em xwarin /ɛm xwɑːrɪn/ we eat
hûn xwarin /huːn xwɑːrɪn/ you (plural) eat
ew xwarin /ew xwɑːrɪn/ they eat

General Rules and Exceptions[edit | edit source]

While the rules above cover most regular verbs, there are a few exceptions and irregular verbs that you'll encounter. It’s essential to practice these as well.

Some verbs might change their form slightly or completely depending on the subject. It's beneficial to familiarize yourself with these irregularities as you progress in your studies.

Common Verbs in Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Here are some common verbs that you will frequently use in the present tense, along with their conjugations:

1. To know (zanin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez zanin /ɛz zɑːnɪn/ I know
tu zanî /tu zɑːnɪ/ you (singular) know
ew zane /ew zɑːnɛ/ he/she/it knows
em zanin /ɛm zɑːnɪn/ we know
hûn zanin /huːn zɑːnɪn/ you (plural) know
ew zanin /ew zɑːnɪn/ they know

2. To see (dîtin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez dîtim /ɛz diːtɪm/ I see
tu dîtî /tu diːtɪ/ you (singular) see
ew dîte /ew diːtɛ/ he/she/it sees
em dîtin /ɛm diːtɪn/ we see
hûn dîtin /huːn diːtɪn/ you (plural) see
ew dîtin /ew diːtɪn/ they see

3. To want (xwestin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez xwestim /ɛz xwɛstɪm/ I want
tu xwesti /tu xwɛstɪ/ you (singular) want
ew xweste /ew xwɛstɛ/ he/she/it wants
em xwestin /ɛm xwɛstɪn/ we want
hûn xwestin /huːn xwɛstɪn/ you (plural) want
ew xwestin /ew xwɛstɪn/ they want

4. To work (karîn):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez karim /ɛz kɑːrɪm/ I work
tu karî /tu kɑːrɪ/ you (singular) work
ew kare /ew kɑːrɛ/ he/she/it works
em karîn /ɛm kɑːrɪn/ we work
hûn karîn /huːn kɑːrɪn/ you (plural) work
ew karîn /ew kɑːrɪn/ they work

5. To play (lîstin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez lîstim /ɛz liːstɪm/ I play
tu lîstî /tu liːstɪ/ you (singular) play
ew lîste /ew liːstɛ/ he/she/it plays
em lîstin /ɛm liːstɪn/ we play
hûn lîstin /huːn liːstɪn/ you (plural) play
ew lîstin /ew liːstɪn/ they play

Using the Present Tense in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the basics of conjugation, let's see how to use the present tense in sentences. Here are some examples:

1. I go to the market. (Ez bazarê çûnim.)

2. You eat breakfast. (Tu nanê sibehê xwarî.)

3. He sees a bird. (Ew mirîşkek dîte.)

4. We want to learn. (Em fêr bûn xwestin.)

5. They play football. (Ew futbolla lîstin.)

These sentences demonstrate how the present tense can convey actions and states in a straightforward manner. As you practice, try to create your own sentences using the verbs you've learned.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of the present tense.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense.

1. Ez __________ (xwarin) nanê. (I eat bread.)

2. Tu __________ (bûn) hevalê min. (You are my friend.)

3. Ew __________ (dîtin) fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)

4. Em __________ (karîn) bi hev re. (We work together.)

5. Hûn __________ (çûn) navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Ez xwarim nanê. (I eat bread.)

2. Tu bûnî hevalê min. (You are my friend.)

3. Ew dîte fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)

4. Em karîn bi hev re. (We work together.)

5. Hûn çûnî navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)

Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.

1. to go (çûn)

2. to eat (xwarin)

3. to see (dîtin)

4. to want (xwestin)

5. to play (lîstin)

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. to go (çûn):

  • ez çûnim
  • tu çûnî
  • ew çûne
  • em çûnî
  • hûn çûnî
  • ew çûn

2. to eat (xwarin):

  • ez xwarim
  • tu xwarî
  • ew xware
  • em xwarin
  • hûn xwarin
  • ew xwarin

3. to see (dîtin):

  • ez dîtim
  • tu dîtî
  • ew dîte
  • em dîtin
  • hûn dîtin
  • ew dîtin

4. to want (xwestin):

  • ez xwestim
  • tu xwesti
  • ew xweste
  • em xwestin
  • hûn xwestin
  • ew xwestin

5. to play (lîstin):

  • ez lîstim
  • tu lîstî
  • ew lîste
  • em lîstin
  • hûn lîstin
  • ew lîstin

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Northern Kurdish.

1. I want to eat.

2. They play in the park.

3. You see the mountains.

4. We go to the school.

5. He works every day.

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. Ez xwarin xwestim.

2. Ew li parka lîstin.

3. Tu çiyayên dîtî.

4. Em dibin navenda.

5. Ew her roj kar dike.

Exercise 4: Make Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the following verbs, create sentences in the present tense.

1. (xwarin) - I eat fruit.

2. (çûn) - You go to school.

3. (dîtin) - He sees his friends.

4. (karîn) - We want to play.

5. (lîstin) - They work together.

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Ez fêkê xwarim.

2. Tu dibî navenda.

3. Ew hevalên xwe dîte.

4. Em lîstin xwestin.

5. Ew bi hev re kar dikin.

Exercise 5: Identify the Errors[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. Tu xwarî pîraz. (You eat a peach.)

2. Em dîtin fîlm. (We see a movie.)

3. Hûn çûnin bazar. (You (plural) go to the market.)

4. Ew xwestin nanê. (He/She wants bread.)

5. Ez lîstin futbolla. (I play football.)

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. Tu xwarî pîraz. (Correct: Tu xwarî pîraz.)

2. Em dîtin fîlm. (Correct: Em dîtin fîlm.)

3. Hûn çûnî bazar. (Correct: Hûn çûnî bazar.)

4. Ew xweste nanê. (Correct: Ew xweste nanê.)

5. Ez lîstim futbolla. (Correct: Ez lîstim futbolla.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we’ve explored the present tense in Northern Kurdish, covering the structure, conjugation, and practical examples. Remember to practice regularly and try forming sentences about your daily life using the present tense. The more you practice, the more fluent you’ll become in expressing yourself in Northern Kurdish.

Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson where we'll dive into the past tense!

Table of Contents - Northern Kurdish Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Northern Kurdish


Greetings and Introductions


Noun and Adjective Declension


Daily Life


Verb Conjugation


Customs and Traditions


Pronouns


Hobbies and Free Time


Adverbs


Geography and Travel


Conjunctions


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


Template:Northern-kurdish-Page-Bottom

◀️ Numbers — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Retrieved from "https://polyglotclub.com/wiki/index.php?title=Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Present-Tense&oldid=295764"