Language/Multiple-languages/Culture/Traditional-Architectures:-Northern-Europe

Architectures	Costumes	Foods	Miscellaneous Handicrafts	Musical Instruments	Symbols and Motifs	Visual Arts	Vehicles	Weapons and Armours	Writings
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Central America	Western Africa	Eastern Europe	Eastern Asia	Polynesia
Caribbean	Central Africa	Western Europe	Western Asia	Melanesia
Southern America	Eastern Africa	Southern Europe	Southern Asia	Australia and New Zealand
	Southern Africa		Southeastern Asia

Generic Structure

structure	function	place of origin	time	image
bothan [gla]	hut	Scotland, Northern England, Ulster, Wales		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mountain_huts_in_the_United_Kingdom
carn [gle] càrn [gla] carnedd [cym] cairn [eng] kernas [lit] röse [swe] varða [isl] varde [nor]	landmark, tumulus			https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cairns_(rock_stack_landmarks)_by_country
cleit [gla]	hut	St Kilda		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:St_Kilda_cleit_-_geograph.org.uk_-_229590.jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earthen-roofed_cliet_on_St_Kilda_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2253503.jpg
clochán [gle]	hut	Southwestern Ireland		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hall_houses
English landscape garden [eng]	garden	England		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:English_gardens
hall house [eng]	hut	England		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hall_houses
gåhte [sje] gåhtie [sju] gåetie [sma] goahte [smj] goahti [sme]	hut	Northern Scandinavia		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Goahti
kååvas [sms] kåvas коавас [sjd] láávu [smn] låvdagoahte [smj] lávvu [sme]	hut	Northern Scandinavia		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lavvu
stavkirke [nob] stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Norway		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stave_churches
torfbæir [isl]	hut	Iceland		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turf_houses_in_Iceland

Specific Building

building	function	location	time	style	image
Newgrange [eng] Sí an Bhrú [gle]	tomb	County Meath	founded c. 3200 BC		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Newgrange
Clonmacnoise [eng] Cluain Mhic Nóis [gle]	cathedral	County Offaly	founded 544		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Clonmacnoise
Leeds Castle [eng]	castle; museum	Kent	founded 857	Norman	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leeds_Castle
Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster [eng]	abbey	London	founded c. 959	Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Westminster_Abbey
Palace of Westminster [eng]	parliament	London	founded 1016	Perpendicular Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Palace_of_Westminster
The Cathedral of the Holy Trinity [eng] Ardeaglais Theampall Chríost [gle]	cathedral	Dublin	founded c. 1030		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin
Warwick Castle [eng]	castle	Warwick	built 1068		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Warwick_Castle
Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Christ, Canterbury [eng]	cathedral	Canterbury	founded 1070	Romanesque, Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canterbury_Cathedral
Nidarosdomen [nor]	cathedral	Trondheim	founded c. 1070; built 1300	Romanesque, Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nidaros_Cathedral
Durham Castle [eng]	castle	Durham	founded 1072		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Durham_Castle
Tower of London [eng]	castle; museum	London	built 1078; rebuilt 1285	Norman	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tower_of_London
Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Ely [eng]	cathedral	Ely	founded 1083; built 1375	Romanesque, English Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ely_Cathedral
Alnwick Castle [eng]	castle	Alnwick	built 11th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Alnwick_Castle
Caisteal Dhún Éideann [gle] Edinburgh Castle [eng]	castle; museum	Edinburgh	built 11th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edinburgh_Castle
Edinburgh Castle [eng]	castle	Edinburgh	founded 11th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edinburgh_Castle
Lunds domkyrka [swe]	cathedral	Lund	built 11th century	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lunds_domkyrka
Sankt Knuds Kirke [dan]	cathedral	Odense	built 11th century	Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sankt_Knuds_Kirke_(Odense)
Windsor Castle [eng]	castle; museum	Windsor	built 11th century	Perpendicular Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Windsor_Castle
Dunfermline Abbey [eng]	church	Dunfermline	founded 1128; built 1250	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dunfermline_Abbey
Urnes stavkirkje [nob] Urnes stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Luster	built 1130		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Urnes_stavkirke
St Magnus Cathedral [eng]	church	Kirkwall	founded 1137	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St_Magnus_Cathedral,_Kirkwall
Castle Rising Castle [eng]	castle	Castle Rising	built after 1138		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Castle_Rising_Castle
Stavanger domkirke [nob] Stavanger domkyrkje [nno]	cathedral	Stavanger	built c. 1150	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stavanger_domkirke
Østerlars Kirke [dan]	church	Østerlars	built c. 1160		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%98sterlars_Kirke
St Mary's Cathedral [eng] Ardeaglais Mhuire [gle]	cathedral	Limerick	founded c. 1168		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saint_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Limerick
Sankt Bendts Kirke [dan]	church	Ringsted	built 1170	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Skt._Bendts_Kirke,_Ringsted
Vor Frue Kirke [dan]	church	Kalundborg	found 1170; built 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vor_Frue_Kirke,_Kalundborg
Caisleán Charraig Fhearghais [gle] Carrickfergus Castle [eng]	castle	Carrickfergus	built 1177		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Carrickfergus_Castle
Mariakirken [nob] Mariakyrkja [nno]	church	Bergen	built c. 1180	Romanesque, Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mariakirken,_Bergen
Ard-Eaglais Naomh Pádraig [gle] St Patrick's Cathedral [eng]	cathedral	Dublin	founded 1191		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral,_Dublin
Stirling Castle [eng]	castle	Stirling	built 12th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stirling_Castle
Carraig Phádraig [gle] Rock of Cashel [eng]	cathedral	Cashel	founded 12th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rock_of_Cashel
Heddal stavkirke [nob] Heddal stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Notodden	founded c. 1200; built c. 1200		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heddal_stavkirke
Borgund stavkirke [nob] Borgund stavkyrkje [nno]	church; museum	Lærdal	founded c. 1200; built c. 1200		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Borgund_stavkirke
Blarney Castle [eng] Caisleán na Blarnan [gle]	castle	Blarney	built 1210; rebuilt 1446		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Blarney_Castle
Caisleán Luimnigh [gle] King John's Castle [eng]	castle	Limerick	built c. 1210		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:King_John%27s_Castle_(Limerick)
Ringebu stavkirke [nob] Ringebu stavkyrkje [nno]	church	Ringebu	founded c. 1220; built c. 1220	Romanesque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ringebu_stavkirke
Beeston Castle [eng]	castle	Beeston	built 1220s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beeston_Castle
Niguliste kirik [ekk] Nikolaikirche [deu]	church	Tallinn	founded c. 1230; built 1275	Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St._Nicholas%27_Church,_Tallinn
Bergenhus festning [nor]	fortress; museum	Bergen	built 1240s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bergenhus_festning
Muhu Katariina kirik [ekk]	church	Muhu	founded 1267	Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muhu_Church
Castell Biwmares [cym]	castle	Beaumaris	founded 1295; built c. 1330		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Beaumaris_Castle
Aydon Castle [eng]	castle; museum	Corbridge	founded 1296		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aydon_Castle
Åbo slott [swe] Turun linna [fin]	castle; museum	Turku	founded late 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Turku_Castle
Dún Libhse [gle] Dunluce Castle [eng]	castle	County Antrim	founded late 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dunluce_Castle
Caerlaverock Castle [eng,sco]	castle	Dumfries	built late 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caerlaverock_Castle
Koluvere linnus [ekk] Schloss Lohde [deu]	castle	Koluvere	built 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Koluvere_Castle
Castle Stalker [eng] Caisteal an Stalcaire [gla]	castle	Gwynedd	built 1320		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Castle_Stalker
Caernarfon Castle [eng] Castell Caernarfon [cym]	castle	Gwynedd	built 1330		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caernarfon_Castle
Bodiam Castle [eng]	castle	Robertsbridge	built 1385		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bodiam_Castle
Vilniaus šv. Jono Krikštytojo ir šv. Jono apaštalo ir evangelisto bažnyčia [lit]	church	Vilnius	founded 1388; built 1426; rebuilt 1748	Baroque, Gothic, Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_St._Johns_in_Vilnius
Toompea loss [ekk]	church	Tallinn	founded 13th century		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Toompea_Castle
Kronborg [dan]	castle; museum	Helsingør	built 1420s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kronborg
Bunratty Castle [eng] Caisleán Bhun Raithe [gle]	castle	Bunratty	built c. 1425		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bunratty_Castle
Trondenes kirke [nob] Trondenes kyrkje [nno]	church	Harstad	built c. 1435		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trondenes_kirke
King's College Chapel [eng]	chapel	Cambridge	founded 1446; built 1515	English Gothic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:King%27s_College_Chapel,_Cambridge
Olofsborg [swe]	castle	Savonlinna	founded 1475		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Olavinlinna
Glimmingehus [swe]	castle	Simrishamn	founded 1499; built 1506		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glimmingehus
Vadstena slott [swe]	castle	Vadstena	founded 1545; built 1620	Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vadstena_slott
Egeskov Slot [dan]	castle	Kværndrup	built 1554	Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Egeskov_Slot
Cliveden [eng]	residence; house museum	Berkshire	built 1851	Italianate	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cliveden
Leabharlann Choláiste na Tríonóide [gle] Library of Trinity College Dublin [eng]	library	Dublin	founded 1592		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trinity_College_Library,_Dublin
Biržų pilis [lit]	castle	Biržai	founded 1575; built 1589	Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bir%C5%BEai_Castle
Drottningholms slott [swe]	palace; museum	Drottningholm	founded 16th century	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drottningholm_Palace
Rosenborg Slot [dan]	castle	Copenhagen	founded 1606; built 1624	Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rosenborg_Castle
Queen's House [eng]	London	residence; public gallery	founded 1616; built 1635		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Queen%27s_House
Banqueting House [eng]	London	banqueting house; museum	founded 1619; built 1622	Palladian	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Banqueting_House,_London
Craigievar Castle [eng]	castle	Alford	built 1626		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Craigievar_Castle
St Columb's Cathedral [eng]	cathedral	Derry	built 1633		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St_Columb%27s_Cathedral
Kansalliskirjasto [fin] Nationalbiblioteket [swe]	library	Helsinki	founded 1640; built 1844		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Library_of_Finland
Kościół św. Piotra i Pawła na Antokolu w Wilnie [pol] Vilniaus šv. apaštalų Petro ir Povilo bažnyčia [lit]	church	Vilnius	founded 1668; built 1701	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_St._Peter_and_St._Paul_in_Vilnius
Charlottenborg Slot [dan]	palace	Copenhagen	founded 1673; built 1677	Dutch Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Charlottenborg_Slot
St Paul's Cathedral [eng]	cathedral	London	founded 1675; built 1710	English Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:St._Paul%27s_Cathedral
Oslo domkirke [nob] Oslo domkyrkje [nno]	cathedral	Oslo	founded 1694; built 1697	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Oslo_Domkirke
Vor Frelsers Kirke [dan]	church	Copenhagen	built 1696	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vor_Frelsers_Kirke_(Christianshavn)
Stockholms slott [swe]	palace	Stockholm	founded 1697; built 1760	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Palace,_Stockholm
Castle Howard [eng]	castle	Henderskelfe	founded 1699	English Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Castle_Howard
Frederiksborg Slot [dan]	castle	Hillerød	built 17th century	Renaissance	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frederiksborg_slot
Kalmar domkyrka [swe]	cathedral	Kalmar	built 1703	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kalmar_domkyrka
Kadrioru loss [ekk] Schloss Katharinental [deu]	castle	Tallinn	founded 1718; built 1725	Petrine Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kadriorg_Palace
Fredensborg Slot [dan]	palace	Fredensborg	founded 1720; built 1753	Baroque, Dutch Baroque, Rococo	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fredensborg_Slot
Russborough House [eng]	house	County Wicklow	founded 1741	Palladian	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Russborough_House
Leinster House [eng] Teach Laighean [gle]	parliament	Dublin	founded 1745; built 1748	Georgian, Palladian	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leinster_House
Frederiks Kirke [dan]	church	Copenhagen	founded 1749; built 1894	Rococo	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Marmorkirken
Amalienborg [dan]	palace	Copenhagen	founded 1750; built 1760	Rococo	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amalienborg
Bernstorff Slot [dan]	palace	Copenhagen	founded 1759; built 1765	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bernstorff_Slot
Castle Ward [eng]	residence; house museum	Strangford	built early 1760s		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Castle_Ward
Petäjäveden vanha kirkko [fin]	church	Petäjävesi	founded 1763; built 1765		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pet%C3%A4j%C3%A4vesi_Old_Church
City Hall, Dublin [eng] Halla na Cathrach, Baile Átha Cliath [gle]	town hall	Dublin	founded 1769; built 1779		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:City_Hall,_Dublin
Stiftsgården [nob]	palace	Trondheim	founded 1774; built 1778	Baroque	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stiftsg%C3%A5rden,_Trondheim
Bazylika archikatedralna św. Stanisława Biskupa i św. Władysława w Wilnie [lit] Vilniaus šv. Stanislovo ir šv. Vladislovo arkikatedra bazilika [pol]	cathedral, basilica	Vilnius	founded 1779; built 1783	Gothic, Baroque, Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vilnius_Cathedral
Dómkirkjan í Reykjavík [isl]	cathedral	Reykjavík	built 1787		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:D%C3%B3mkirkjan_%C3%AD_Reykjav%C3%ADk
Broadway Tower [eng]	folly	Broadway	founded 1798; built 1799		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Broadway_Tower
Vor Frue Kirke [dan]	church	Copenhagen	founded 1817; built 1829	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:K%C3%B8benhavns_Domkirke
Statsrådsborgen [swe] Valtioneuvoston linna [fin]	palace, office	Helsinki	founded 1818; built 1822	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Government_Palace,_Helsinki
Gamla kyrkan i Helsingfors [swe] Helsingin vanha kirkko [fin]	church	Helsinki	built 1826	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Helsinki_Old_Church
Lappo domkyrka [swe] Lapuan tuomiokirkko [fin]	cathedral	Lapua	built 1827	Neoclassical	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lapua_Cathedral
Rosendals slott [swe]	church; concert hall	Stockholm	founded 1823; built 1827	Empire	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rosendals_slott
Reform Club [eng]	club	London	founded 1837; built 1841	Renaissance Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Reform_Club
Thorvaldsens Museum [dan]	museum	Copenhagen	founded 1838; built 1848		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thorvaldsens_Museum
Kerimäen kirkko [fin] Kerimäki kyrka [swe]	church	Helsinki	founded 1844; built 1847		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kerim%C3%A4ki_church
Osborne House [eng]	residence	East Cowes	founded 1844; built 1847	Italianate	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Osborne_House
Suomenlinnan kirkko [fin] Sveaborgs kyrka [swe]	church	Helsinki	built 1854		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Suomenlinna_Church
Treeiningskyrkja [nno] Trefoldighetskirken [nob]	church	Oslo	built 1858	Gothic Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trefoldighetskirken_Oslo
Svenska Teatern [swe]	theatre	Helsinki	built 1860		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Swedish_Theater,_Helsinki
Belfast Castle [eng] Caisleán Bhéal Feirste [gle]	castle	Belfast	founded 1867; built 1870		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Belfast_Castle
Uspenskijkatedralen [swe] Uspenskin katedraali [fin]	cathedral	Helsinki	built 1868	Russian Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uspenski_Cathedral
Det Kongelige Teater [dan]	theatre	Copenhagen	built 1874		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Danish_Theatre
Alþingishúsið [isl]	parliament	Reykjavík	founded 1879; built 1881		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Al%C3%BEingish%C3%BAsi%C3%B0
Verlan puuhiomo ja pahvitehdas [fin]	mill	Kouvola	founded 1882		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Verla_groundwood_and_board_mill
Københavns Rådhus [dan]	town hall	Copenhagen	founded 1893; built 1905	National Romantic	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Copenhagen_City_Hall
Statens Museum for Kunst [dan]	museum	Copenhagen	built 1896		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Statens_Museum_for_Kunst
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek [dan]	museum	Copenhagen	built 1897		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek
Aarhus Teater [dan]	theatre	Aarhus	founded 1898; built 1900		https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aarhus_Theatre
Belfast City Hall [eng] Bilfawst Citie Haw [sco] Halla na Cathrach Bhéal Feirste [gle]	town hall	Belfast	founded 1898; built 1906	Baroque Revival	https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Belfast_City_Hall

Architectures	Costumes	Foods	Miscellaneous Handicrafts	Musical Instruments	Symbols and Motifs	Visual Arts	Vehicles	Weapons and Armours	Writings
Calendars and Clocks	Performing Arts	Economic Systems	Festivals	Games	Literatures	Martial Arts	Music	Religions and Folklores	Political Systems	Units of Measurement

main page

Northern America	Northern Africa	Northern Europe	Central Asia	Micronesia
Central America	Western Africa	Eastern Europe	Eastern Asia	Polynesia
Caribbean	Central Africa	Western Europe	Western Asia	Melanesia
Southern America	Eastern Africa	Southern Europe	Southern Asia	Australia and New Zealand
	Southern Africa		Southeastern Asia

Other Lessons

• Introduction to Common Han Characters
• Ranking of countries by cost of living in the world
• Introduction to Writing Systems
• Traditional Architectures
• Traditional Symbols and Motifs
• Naming in different cultures
• Text Processing Tools
• Productivity tools for polyglots
• Similar Sayings
• Websites of DIY Procedures
• Comparison of Advanced FLOSS Tools for Learning
• Best Singers
• Most Famous Folk Songs