Language/Javanese/Grammar/Questions-and-Negations

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Javanese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Questions and Negations

Welcome to the Questions and Negations lesson of the Complete 0 to A1 Javanese Course! In this lesson, we will dive into two essential components of the Javanese language: how to ask questions and how to form negations. These skills are crucial for effective communication, enabling you to gather information and express your thoughts more clearly.

Understanding how to construct questions allows you to engage with others, while negations help you clarify what is not true or does not apply in a conversation. By mastering these aspects, you will be able to navigate everyday conversations with greater ease and confidence.

This lesson will be structured as follows:

• Introduction to Questions and Negations

• Forming Questions: Question Words and Structures

• Forming Negations: Negation Particles

• Examples and Practice: Illustrative Tables

• Exercises: Hands-on Practice with Solutions

Introduction to Questions and Negations

In Javanese, just like in English, the ability to ask questions and form negations is paramount. Questions often start with specific words that signal the type of information you're seeking. Similarly, negations allow you to express the absence of something or to deny a statement.

Why Are Questions Important?

• They help you gather information.

• They show your interest in what others are saying.

• They promote engagement in conversations.

Why Are Negations Important?

• They clarify misunderstandings.

• They allow you to express disagreement or denial.

• They help in providing accurate information.

Forming Questions

Questions in Javanese often begin with specific question words. Here are some of the most common question words:

• Apa (What)

• Sapa (Who)

• Ngendi (Where)

• Kapan (When)

• Pira (How many/How much)

• Kepiye (How)

Let’s take a closer look at how each of these questions can be formed. We will provide examples in a table format for clarity.

Javanese	Pronunciation	English
Apa iki?	/ˈapa ˈiki/	What is this?
Sapa jenengmu?	/ˈsapa dʒəˈneŋmu/	What is your name?
Ngendi sampeyan?	/ˈŋendi saˈmpaːŋ/	Where are you?
Kapan sampeyan teka?	/ˈkapan saˈmpaːŋ ˈteka/	When will you arrive?
Pira regane?	/ˈpira ˈreɡaˌne/	How much does it cost?
Kepiye kabarmu?	/kəˈpijə kaˈbar mu/	How are you?

When you form questions, the sentence structure typically remains the same as a statement, but the intonation changes, especially at the end of the sentence to indicate a question.

Forming Negations

Negations in Javanese are formed using specific particles. The most common negation particle is "ora" which means "no" or "not." It is important to place "ora" correctly within the sentence to communicate negation effectively.

Let’s look at how to use "ora" in sentences:

Javanese	Pronunciation	English
Aku ora ngerti.	/ˈaku ˈora ˈnɡərti/	I do not understand.
Dheweke ora ana.	/dʒəˈwɛkɛ ˈora ˈana/	He/She is not here.
Ora ana dhuwit.	/ˈora ˈana ˈdʊwɪt/	There is no money.
Aku ora pengin.	/ˈaku ˈora ˈpɛŋɪn/	I do not want (it).
Dheweke ora bisa.	/dʒəˈwɛkɛ ˈora ˈbisa/	He/She cannot.
Ora paham.	/ˈora ˈpaham/	I do not understand.

Negations can also be combined with question structures to ask if something is not the case. For instance, "Apa ora?" means "Is it not?" which can be used to check assumptions.

Examples and Practice

Now that we have a solid understanding of how to form questions and negations, let's look at more examples to solidify our learning.

Question Formation Examples:

Javanese	Pronunciation	English
Apa sampeyan sekolah?	/ˈapa saˈmpaːŋ səˈkɔlah/	Are you a student?
Sapa kanca sampeyan?	/ˈsapa ˈkantʃa saˈmpaːŋ/	Who is your friend?
Ngendi pasar?	/ˈŋendi ˈpasar/	Where is the market?
Kapan sampeyan bali?	/ˈkapan saˈmpaːŋ ˈbali/	When will you return?
Pira umurmu?	/ˈpira ˈumurmʊ/	How old are you?
Kepiye cara iki?	/kəˈpijə ˈtʃara ˈiki/	How does this work?

Negation Examples:

Javanese	Pronunciation	English
Aku ora duwe.	/ˈaku ˈora ˈduwe/	I do not have (it).
Dheweke ora ngerti.	/dʒəˈwɛkɛ ˈora ˈnɡərti/	He/She does not understand.
Ora kerja.	/ˈora ˈkərdʒa/	(I) do not work.
Ora perlu kuwatir.	/ˈora ˈpərlu ˈkuwatir/	No need to worry.
Aku ora kangen.	/ˈaku ˈora ˈkaŋən/	I do not miss (it).
Dheweke ora seneng.	/dʒəˈwɛkɛ ˈora ˈsəneŋ/	He/She is not happy.

Exercises

Now that we've gone through the theory and examples, it's time to put your knowledge to the test with some exercises. Don't worry, I'll provide detailed solutions afterward.

1. Translate the following questions into Javanese:

1. What is your name?

2. Where is the bathroom?

3. How much does this cost?

4. Who is that?

5. When do you go home?

2. Formulate negations for the following sentences:

1. I understand.

2. She is here.

3. We have a car.

4. They want to go.

5. He knows the answer.

3. Create a dialogue using at least three questions and three negations.

4. Fill in the blanks with "ora":

1. Aku ____ ngerti.

2. Dheweke ____ ana.

3. Kita ____ butuh.

4. Iki ____ dhuwit.

5. Sampeyan ____ kangen.

5. Match the question words with their meanings:

• A. Apa

• B. Sapa

• C. Ngendi

• D. Kapan

• E. Pira

• F. Kepiye

i. Where

ii. What

iii. How

iv. How many/How much

v. Who

vi. When

Solutions

Here are the solutions to the exercises for your reference:

1. Translations:

1. Sapa jenengmu?

2. Ngendi kamar mandi?

3. Pira regane iki?

4. Sapa kuwi?

5. Kapan sampeyan mulih?

2. Negations:

1. Aku ora ngerti.

2. Dheweke ora ana.

3. Kita ora duwe mobil.

4. Dheweke ora pengin menyang.

5. Dheweke ora ngerti jawaban.

3. Sample Dialogue:

• A: Sapa jenengmu? (What is your name?)

• B: Aku ora kangen. (I do not miss.)

• A: Ngendi sampeyan? (Where are you?)

• B: Dheweke ora ana. (He/She is not here.)

4. Fill in the blanks:

1. Aku ora ngerti.

2. Dheweke ora ana.

3. Kita ora butuh.

4. Iki ora dhuwit.

5. Sampeyan ora kangen.

5. Matches:

• A - ii

• B - v

• C - i

• D - vi

• E - iv

• F - iii

Congratulations! You have completed the Questions and Negations lesson. With practice, you'll become proficient in asking questions and forming negations in Javanese, enhancing your conversational skills. Keep practicing, and see you in the next lesson on Numbers and Time!

Table of Contents - Javanese Course - 0 to A1

• Course Presentation

  ---

Greetings and Introductions

• Basic Greetings
• Introducing Yourself

  ---

Sentence Structure

• Subject-Verb-Object
• Questions and Negations

  ---

Numbers and Time

• Numbers 1-10
• Telling Time

  ---

Nouns and Pronouns

• Personal Pronouns
• Possessive Pronouns

  ---

Family and Relationships

• Family Members
• Relationship Terms

  ---

Verbs and Tenses

• Present Tense
• Past Tense

  ---

Food and Drinks

• Common Foods
• Drinks and Beverages

  ---

Adjectives and Adverbs

• Descriptive Adjectives
• Adverbs of Manner

  ---

Travel and Transportation

• Modes of Transportation
• Travel Vocabulary

  ---

Prepositions and Conjunctions

• Basic Prepositions
• Common Conjunctions

  ---

Javanese Customs and Etiquette

• Politeness Levels
• Social Etiquette

Sources

• Javanese Grammar | LEARN101.ORG

Other Lessons

• Future Tense
• Pronouns
• Past Tense
• Give your Opinion
• Negation
• Adverbs of Manner
• Nouns
• Possessive Pronouns
• Descriptive Adjectives
• How to Use Be

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