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|[[Language/Northern-kurdish/Vocabulary/Numbers|◀️ Numbers — Previous Lesson]]
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{{Northern-kurdish-Page-Top}}
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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Northern-kurdish|Northern Kurdish]]  → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">Northern Kurdish Grammar → Verb Conjugation → Present Tense</div>
Welcome to our lesson on the '''Present Tense''' in Northern Kurdish! Understanding how to use the present tense is crucial for building a solid foundation in any language, and Northern Kurdish is no exception. The present tense allows you to express actions that are currently happening, habits, or general truths, making it an essential part of everyday conversation.
 
In this lesson, we'll explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Northern Kurdish. We’ll start with some fundamental principles and gradually dive into more complex aspects, all while providing plenty of examples to illustrate each point. By the end of this lesson, you should feel comfortable using the present tense in various contexts.


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As a Northern Kurdish language teacher for 20 years, I've found that verb conjugation is one of the most important topics for students to master. In this lesson, we'll focus on one tense: the present tense. By the end, you'll know the basic rules for conjugating verbs in the present tense and be able to use them in your own Northern Kurdish sentences.
=== Importance of the Present Tense ===
 
The present tense is vital for expressing immediate actions and states. It allows speakers to communicate effectively about their daily lives, feelings, and thoughts. In Northern Kurdish, mastering the present tense will empower you to engage in conversations and express yourself more clearly.  
 
=== Overview of the Present Tense Structure ===
 
In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed using the root of the verb with specific endings based on the subject pronoun. The verb changes according to whether the subject is singular or plural, and there are different endings for different conjugations.
 
=== Subject Pronouns in Northern Kurdish ===
 
Before we delve into the verb conjugation itself, let's take a moment to review the subject pronouns in Northern Kurdish:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Pronoun !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ez || /ɛz/ || I
 
|-
 
| tu || /tu/ || you (singular)
 
|-
 
| ew || /ew/ || he/she/it
 
|-
 
| em || /ɛm/ || we
 
|-
 
| hûn || /huːn/ || you (plural)
 
|-
 
| ew || /ew/ || they
 
|}
 
As you can see, the pronouns are integral to forming sentences in the present tense. Now, let’s explore how these pronouns affect verb conjugation.
 
=== Present Tense Verb Conjugation ===
 
In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb root based on the subject pronoun. Here’s how it works:
 
1. '''For "ez" (I)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-im'''.
 
2. '''For "tu" (you singular)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-î'''.
 
3. '''For "ew" (he/she/it)''': The verb root often takes the suffix '''-e'''.


4. '''For "em" (we)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-in'''.


<span link>Take some time to dive into these other pages after completing this lesson: [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]] & [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Genitive-Case|Genitive Case]].</span>
5. '''For "hûn" (you plural)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-in'''.
== Basic Rules of Northern Kurdish Verb Conjugation ==


Before we dive into the present tense, let's review some basic rules. In Northern Kurdish, verbs change according to the subject pronoun. To conjugate a verb in the present tense, we simply add a suffix to the verb stem.
6. '''For "ew" (they)''': The verb root takes the suffix '''-in'''.


For example, the verb "to speak" in Northern Kurdish is "gutin". To use it in a sentence, we need to conjugate it. Here's how:
Let’s illustrate these conjugations with the verb "to go" (çûn) as an example:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ez çûnim || /ɛz tʃuːnɪm/ || I go
|-
|-
| Ez dinim || 'ez di'inim || I speak
 
| Tu dîtî || 'tu di'ti: || You speak (singular)
| tu çûnî || /tu tʃuːnɪ/ || you (singular) go
| Ew dixwaze || 'ew di'xwa:ze || He/She/It wants
 
| Em digerin || 'em di'gerin || We go
|-
| Hûn dibin || 'hu:n di'bin || You see (plural)
 
| Ew dibêjin || 'ew di'be:dʒɪn || They say
| ew çûne || /ew tʃuːnɛ/ || he/she/it goes
 
|-
 
| em çûnî || /ɛm tʃuːni/ || we go
 
|-
 
| hûn çûnî || /huːn tʃuːni/ || you (plural) go
 
|-
 
| ew çûn || /ew tʃuːn/ || they go
 
|}
|}


As you can see, the verb stem "gutin" stays the same for all forms, and we simply add a suffix to it to match the subject pronoun.
To further illustrate, let's look at another common verb, "to eat" (xwarin):
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ez xwarim || /ɛz xwɑːrɪm/ || I eat
 
|-
 
| tu xwarî || /tu xwɑːrɪ/ || you (singular) eat
 
|-
 
| ew xware || /ew xwɑːrɛ/ || he/she/it eats
 
|-
 
| em xwarin || /ɛm xwɑːrɪn/ || we eat
 
|-


Here's a breakdown of the present tense suffixes:
| hûn xwarin || /huːn xwɑːrɪn/ || you (plural) eat


{| class="wikitable"
! Pronoun !! Suffix
|-
|-
| Ez || -im
 
| Tu || -î
| ew xwarin || /ew xwɑːrɪn/ || they eat
| Ew || -e
 
| Em || -in
| Hûn || -in
| Ew || -in
|}
|}


Notice that "Ew" and "Hûn" share the same suffix "-in". This is because Northern Kurdish doesn't distinguish between the third person singular and plural in the present tense.
=== General Rules and Exceptions ===
 
While the rules above cover most regular verbs, there are a few exceptions and irregular verbs that you'll encounter. It’s essential to practice these as well.
 
Some verbs might change their form slightly or completely depending on the subject. It's beneficial to familiarize yourself with these irregularities as you progress in your studies.  


Let's look at some other verbs so you can practice:
=== Common Verbs in Present Tense ===
 
Here are some common verbs that you will frequently use in the present tense, along with their conjugations:
 
1. '''To know (zanin)''':


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ez baran im || 'ez ba'ran im || I rain
 
| Tu hewêrî dî || 'tu he'we:ri: di: || You fly
| ez zanin || /ɛz zɑːnɪn/ || I know
| Ew xweş e || 'ew xweʃ e || He/She/It is happy
 
| Em qirêjin || 'em qi're:dʒɪn || We eat
|-
| Hûn dîtin || 'hu:n di:'tin || You see
 
| Ew çavdêr in || 'ew ʧav'de:r in || They think
| tu zanî || /tu zɑːnɪ/ || you (singular) know
 
|-
 
| ew zane || /ew zɑːnɛ/ || he/she/it knows
 
|-
 
| em zanin || /ɛm zɑːnɪn/ || we know
 
|-
 
| hûn zanin || /huːn zɑːnɪn/ || you (plural) know
 
|-
 
| ew zanin || /ew zɑːnɪn/ || they know
 
|}
|}


Remember to always use the correct subject pronoun and corresponding suffix.
2. '''To see (dîtin)''':
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| ez dîtim || /ɛz diːtɪm/ || I see
 
|-
 
| tu dîtî || /tu diːtɪ/ || you (singular) see
 
|-
 
| ew dîte || /ew diːtɛ/ || he/she/it sees
 
|-
 
| em dîtin || /ɛm diːtɪn/ || we see


== Irregular Verbs ==
|-


Of course, as with any language, there are a few irregular verbs you'll need to memorize. Here are some of the most common ones:
| hûn dîtin || /huːn diːtɪn/ || you (plural) see
 
|-
 
| ew dîtin || /ew diːtɪn/ || they see
 
|}
 
3. '''To want (xwestin)''':


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| Ez dizanim || 'ez di'za:nim || I know
| Tu dikarî || 'tu di'ka:ri: || You can
| Ew dide || 'ew di:de: || He/She/It gives
| Em didin || 'em di'din || We give
| Hûn din || 'hu:n di:n || You give
| Ew din || 'ew di:n || They give
|}


Notice that the verb "to know" is irregular in all forms. You'll need to memorize these verbs by heart and practice using them in sentences.
| ez xwestim || /ɛz xwɛstɪm/ || I want
 
|-
 
| tu xwesti || /tu xwɛstɪ/ || you (singular) want
 
|-
 
| ew xweste || /ew xwɛstɛ/ || he/she/it wants
 
|-
 
| em xwestin || /ɛm xwɛstɪn/ || we want
 
|-
 
| hûn xwestin || /huːn xwɛstɪn/ || you (plural) want
 
|-


== Negation and Interrogation ==
| ew xwestin || /ew xwɛstɪn/ || they want


To use negative statements in the present tense, simply add the negative particle "ne" before the verb. For example:
|}
 
4. '''To work (karîn)''':


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ez karim || /ɛz kɑːrɪm/ || I work
|-
| tu karî || /tu kɑːrɪ/ || you (singular) work
|-
| ew kare || /ew kɑːrɛ/ || he/she/it works
|-
|-
| Ez nexwînim || 'ez ne'xwi:nim || I don't eat
 
| Tu neçavdêrî || 'tu ne'ʧav'de:ri: || You don't think
| em karîn || /ɛm kɑːrɪn/ || we work
| Ew naxwaze || 'ew na'xwa:ze || He/She/It doesn't want
 
| Em neqerqînin || 'em ne'qerqi:nen || We don't dance
|-
| Hûn nebînin || 'hu:n ne'bi:nɪn || You don't see
 
| Ew nemirin || 'ew ne'mɪri:n || They don't die
| hûn karîn || /huːn kɑːrɪn/ || you (plural) work
 
|-
 
| ew karîn || /ew kɑːrɪn/ || they work
 
|}
|}


To ask a question in the present tense, simply raise the tone of your voice at the end of the sentence. No additional particles are needed.
5. '''To play (lîstin)''':


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
! Northern Kurdish !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| ez lîstim || /ɛz liːstɪm/ || I play
|-
|-
| Tu bûyî? || 'tu bu:'ji: || Did you come?
 
| Ew dixwaze? || 'ew di'xwa:ze || Does he/she/it want?
| tu lîstî || /tu liːstɪ/ || you (singular) play
| Hûn dibin? || 'hu:n di'bin || Do you see?
 
| Ew dibêje? || 'ew di'be:dʒe || Do they say?
|-
 
| ew lîste || /ew liːstɛ/ || he/she/it plays
 
|-
 
| em lîstin || /ɛm liːstɪn/ || we play
 
|-
 
| hûn lîstin || /huːn liːstɪn/ || you (plural) play
 
|-
 
| ew lîstin || /ew liːstɪn/ || they play
 
|}
|}


== Conclusion ==
=== Using the Present Tense in Sentences ===
 
Now that we've covered the basics of conjugation, let's see how to use the present tense in sentences. Here are some examples:
 
1. '''I go to the market.''' (Ez bazarê çûnim.)
 
2. '''You eat breakfast.''' (Tu nanê sibehê xwarî.)
 
3. '''He sees a bird.''' (Ew mirîşkek dîte.)
 
4. '''We want to learn.''' (Em fêr bûn xwestin.)
 
5. '''They play football.''' (Ew futbolla lîstin.)
 
These sentences demonstrate how the present tense can convey actions and states in a straightforward manner. As you practice, try to create your own sentences using the verbs you've learned.
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of the present tense.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense.
 
1. Ez __________ (xwarin) nanê. (I eat bread.)
 
2. Tu __________ (bûn) hevalê min. (You are my friend.)
 
3. Ew __________ (dîtin) fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)
 
4. Em __________ (karîn) bi hev re. (We work together.)
 
5. Hûn __________ (çûn) navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 1 ===
 
1. Ez '''xwarim''' nanê. (I eat bread.)
 
2. Tu '''bûnî''' hevalê min. (You are my friend.)
 
3. Ew '''dîte''' fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)
 
4. Em '''karîn''' bi hev re. (We work together.)
 
5. Hûn '''çûnî''' navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)
 
==== Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs ====
 
Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.
 
1. '''to go (çûn)'''
 
2. '''to eat (xwarin)'''
 
3. '''to see (dîtin)'''
 
4. '''to want (xwestin)'''
 
5. '''to play (lîstin)'''
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 2 ===
 
1. '''to go (çûn)''':
 
* ez çûnim
 
* tu çûnî
 
* ew çûne
 
* em çûnî
 
* hûn çûnî
 
* ew çûn
 
2. '''to eat (xwarin)''':
 
* ez xwarim
 
* tu xwarî
 
* ew xware
 
* em xwarin
 
* hûn xwarin
 
* ew xwarin
 
3. '''to see (dîtin)''':
 
* ez dîtim
 
* tu dîtî
 
* ew dîte
 
* em dîtin
 
* hûn dîtin
 
* ew dîtin
 
4. '''to want (xwestin)''':
 
* ez xwestim
 
* tu xwesti
 
* ew xweste
 
* em xwestin
 
* hûn xwestin
 
* ew xwestin
 
5. '''to play (lîstin)''':
 
* ez lîstim
 
* tu lîstî
 
* ew lîste
 
* em lîstin
 
* hûn lîstin
 
* ew lîstin
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Northern Kurdish.
 
1. I want to eat.
 
2. They play in the park.
 
3. You see the mountains.
 
4. We go to the school.
 
5. He works every day.
 
=== Solutions to Exercise 3 ===
 
1. Ez '''xwarin''' xwestim.
 
2. Ew '''li parka lîstin'''.
 
3. Tu '''çiyayên dîtî'''.
 
4. Em '''dibin navenda'''.
 
5. Ew '''her roj kar dike'''.
 
==== Exercise 4: Make Sentences ====
 
Using the following verbs, create sentences in the present tense.
 
1. (xwarin) - I eat fruit.
 
2. (çûn) - You go to school.
 
3. (dîtin) - He sees his friends.
 
4. (karîn) - We want to play.


Congratulations! You've just learned the basics of Northern Kurdish verb conjugation in the present tense. Keep practicing with different verbs and subject pronouns until you're comfortable. The present tense is just the beginning--soon you'll be ready to move on to the past and future tenses.
5. (lîstin) - They work together.


Remember to stay enthusiastic, and don't be discouraged if you don't get everything right away. It takes time to master a language, but your effort will pay off. I hope this lesson has been helpful to you, and I wish you luck on your Northern Kurdish language learning journey!
=== Solutions to Exercise 4 ===


1. Ez '''fêkê xwarim'''.
2. Tu '''dibî navenda'''.
3. Ew '''hevalên xwe dîte'''.
4. Em '''lîstin xwestin'''.
5. Ew '''bi hev re kar dikin'''.
==== Exercise 5: Identify the Errors ====
Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.
1. Tu xwarî pîraz. (You eat a peach.)
2. Em dîtin fîlm. (We see a movie.)
3. Hûn çûnin bazar. (You (plural) go to the market.)
4. Ew xwestin nanê. (He/She wants bread.)
5. Ez lîstin futbolla. (I play football.)
=== Solutions to Exercise 5 ===
1. Tu '''xwarî pîraz'''. (Correct: Tu '''xwarî pîraz'''.)
2. Em '''dîtin fîlm'''. (Correct: Em '''dîtin fîlm'''.)
3. Hûn '''çûnî bazar'''. (Correct: Hûn '''çûnî bazar'''.)
4. Ew '''xweste nanê'''. (Correct: Ew '''xweste nanê'''.)
5. Ez '''lîstim futbolla'''. (Correct: Ez '''lîstim futbolla'''.)
=== Conclusion ===
In this lesson, we’ve explored the present tense in Northern Kurdish, covering the structure, conjugation, and practical examples. Remember to practice regularly and try forming sentences about your daily life using the present tense. The more you practice, the more fluent you’ll become in expressing yourself in Northern Kurdish.
Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson where we'll dive into the past tense!


<span link>Excellent job on conquering this lesson! Consider delving into these related pages: [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] & [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Manner-Adverbs|Manner Adverbs]].</span>
{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Northern Kurdish Grammar → Verb Conjugation → Present Tense
 
|keywords=Northern Kurdish, verb conjugation, present tense, language learning, irregular verbs, negative statements, interrogative sentences
|title=Northern Kurdish Grammar: Present Tense
|description=In this lesson, you'll learn the basics of Northern Kurdish verb conjugation in the present tense.
 
|keywords=Northern Kurdish, Present Tense, Kurdish Language, Verb Conjugation, Language Learning
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn about the present tense in Northern Kurdish, including verb conjugation, examples, and practice exercises.
 
}}
}}


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==Other Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
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* [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/How-to-Use-Have|How to Use Have]]
* [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Manner-Adverbs|Manner Adverbs]]
* [[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Manner-Adverbs|Manner Adverbs]]


{{Northern-kurdish-Page-Bottom}}
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<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
 
|[[Language/Northern-kurdish/Vocabulary/Numbers|◀️ Numbers — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Northern-kurdish/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 10:34, 1 August 2024

◀️ Numbers — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

428E5698-1835-4D55-B38A-EF3BD71F4C79.png
Northern KurdishGrammar0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

Welcome to our lesson on the Present Tense in Northern Kurdish! Understanding how to use the present tense is crucial for building a solid foundation in any language, and Northern Kurdish is no exception. The present tense allows you to express actions that are currently happening, habits, or general truths, making it an essential part of everyday conversation.

In this lesson, we'll explore the structure and usage of the present tense in Northern Kurdish. We’ll start with some fundamental principles and gradually dive into more complex aspects, all while providing plenty of examples to illustrate each point. By the end of this lesson, you should feel comfortable using the present tense in various contexts.

Importance of the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense is vital for expressing immediate actions and states. It allows speakers to communicate effectively about their daily lives, feelings, and thoughts. In Northern Kurdish, mastering the present tense will empower you to engage in conversations and express yourself more clearly.

Overview of the Present Tense Structure[edit | edit source]

In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed using the root of the verb with specific endings based on the subject pronoun. The verb changes according to whether the subject is singular or plural, and there are different endings for different conjugations.

Subject Pronouns in Northern Kurdish[edit | edit source]

Before we delve into the verb conjugation itself, let's take a moment to review the subject pronouns in Northern Kurdish:

Pronoun Pronunciation English
ez /ɛz/ I
tu /tu/ you (singular)
ew /ew/ he/she/it
em /ɛm/ we
hûn /huːn/ you (plural)
ew /ew/ they

As you can see, the pronouns are integral to forming sentences in the present tense. Now, let’s explore how these pronouns affect verb conjugation.

Present Tense Verb Conjugation[edit | edit source]

In Northern Kurdish, the present tense is formed by adding specific suffixes to the verb root based on the subject pronoun. Here’s how it works:

1. For "ez" (I): The verb root takes the suffix -im.

2. For "tu" (you singular): The verb root takes the suffix .

3. For "ew" (he/she/it): The verb root often takes the suffix -e.

4. For "em" (we): The verb root takes the suffix -in.

5. For "hûn" (you plural): The verb root takes the suffix -in.

6. For "ew" (they): The verb root takes the suffix -in.

Let’s illustrate these conjugations with the verb "to go" (çûn) as an example:

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez çûnim /ɛz tʃuːnɪm/ I go
tu çûnî /tu tʃuːnɪ/ you (singular) go
ew çûne /ew tʃuːnɛ/ he/she/it goes
em çûnî /ɛm tʃuːni/ we go
hûn çûnî /huːn tʃuːni/ you (plural) go
ew çûn /ew tʃuːn/ they go

To further illustrate, let's look at another common verb, "to eat" (xwarin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez xwarim /ɛz xwɑːrɪm/ I eat
tu xwarî /tu xwɑːrɪ/ you (singular) eat
ew xware /ew xwɑːrɛ/ he/she/it eats
em xwarin /ɛm xwɑːrɪn/ we eat
hûn xwarin /huːn xwɑːrɪn/ you (plural) eat
ew xwarin /ew xwɑːrɪn/ they eat

General Rules and Exceptions[edit | edit source]

While the rules above cover most regular verbs, there are a few exceptions and irregular verbs that you'll encounter. It’s essential to practice these as well.

Some verbs might change their form slightly or completely depending on the subject. It's beneficial to familiarize yourself with these irregularities as you progress in your studies.

Common Verbs in Present Tense[edit | edit source]

Here are some common verbs that you will frequently use in the present tense, along with their conjugations:

1. To know (zanin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez zanin /ɛz zɑːnɪn/ I know
tu zanî /tu zɑːnɪ/ you (singular) know
ew zane /ew zɑːnɛ/ he/she/it knows
em zanin /ɛm zɑːnɪn/ we know
hûn zanin /huːn zɑːnɪn/ you (plural) know
ew zanin /ew zɑːnɪn/ they know

2. To see (dîtin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez dîtim /ɛz diːtɪm/ I see
tu dîtî /tu diːtɪ/ you (singular) see
ew dîte /ew diːtɛ/ he/she/it sees
em dîtin /ɛm diːtɪn/ we see
hûn dîtin /huːn diːtɪn/ you (plural) see
ew dîtin /ew diːtɪn/ they see

3. To want (xwestin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez xwestim /ɛz xwɛstɪm/ I want
tu xwesti /tu xwɛstɪ/ you (singular) want
ew xweste /ew xwɛstɛ/ he/she/it wants
em xwestin /ɛm xwɛstɪn/ we want
hûn xwestin /huːn xwɛstɪn/ you (plural) want
ew xwestin /ew xwɛstɪn/ they want

4. To work (karîn):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez karim /ɛz kɑːrɪm/ I work
tu karî /tu kɑːrɪ/ you (singular) work
ew kare /ew kɑːrɛ/ he/she/it works
em karîn /ɛm kɑːrɪn/ we work
hûn karîn /huːn kɑːrɪn/ you (plural) work
ew karîn /ew kɑːrɪn/ they work

5. To play (lîstin):

Northern Kurdish Pronunciation English
ez lîstim /ɛz liːstɪm/ I play
tu lîstî /tu liːstɪ/ you (singular) play
ew lîste /ew liːstɛ/ he/she/it plays
em lîstin /ɛm liːstɪn/ we play
hûn lîstin /huːn liːstɪn/ you (plural) play
ew lîstin /ew liːstɪn/ they play

Using the Present Tense in Sentences[edit | edit source]

Now that we've covered the basics of conjugation, let's see how to use the present tense in sentences. Here are some examples:

1. I go to the market. (Ez bazarê çûnim.)

2. You eat breakfast. (Tu nanê sibehê xwarî.)

3. He sees a bird. (Ew mirîşkek dîte.)

4. We want to learn. (Em fêr bûn xwestin.)

5. They play football. (Ew futbolla lîstin.)

These sentences demonstrate how the present tense can convey actions and states in a straightforward manner. As you practice, try to create your own sentences using the verbs you've learned.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it's time to put your knowledge into practice! Below are some exercises to help you solidify your understanding of the present tense.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verb in the present tense.

1. Ez __________ (xwarin) nanê. (I eat bread.)

2. Tu __________ (bûn) hevalê min. (You are my friend.)

3. Ew __________ (dîtin) fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)

4. Em __________ (karîn) bi hev re. (We work together.)

5. Hûn __________ (çûn) navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)

Solutions to Exercise 1[edit | edit source]

1. Ez xwarim nanê. (I eat bread.)

2. Tu bûnî hevalê min. (You are my friend.)

3. Ew dîte fîlm. (He/She watches a movie.)

4. Em karîn bi hev re. (We work together.)

5. Hûn çûnî navenda. (You (plural) go to the center.)

Exercise 2: Conjugate the Verbs[edit | edit source]

Conjugate the following verbs in the present tense for all subject pronouns.

1. to go (çûn)

2. to eat (xwarin)

3. to see (dîtin)

4. to want (xwestin)

5. to play (lîstin)

Solutions to Exercise 2[edit | edit source]

1. to go (çûn):

  • ez çûnim
  • tu çûnî
  • ew çûne
  • em çûnî
  • hûn çûnî
  • ew çûn

2. to eat (xwarin):

  • ez xwarim
  • tu xwarî
  • ew xware
  • em xwarin
  • hûn xwarin
  • ew xwarin

3. to see (dîtin):

  • ez dîtim
  • tu dîtî
  • ew dîte
  • em dîtin
  • hûn dîtin
  • ew dîtin

4. to want (xwestin):

  • ez xwestim
  • tu xwesti
  • ew xweste
  • em xwestin
  • hûn xwestin
  • ew xwestin

5. to play (lîstin):

  • ez lîstim
  • tu lîstî
  • ew lîste
  • em lîstin
  • hûn lîstin
  • ew lîstin

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Northern Kurdish.

1. I want to eat.

2. They play in the park.

3. You see the mountains.

4. We go to the school.

5. He works every day.

Solutions to Exercise 3[edit | edit source]

1. Ez xwarin xwestim.

2. Ew li parka lîstin.

3. Tu çiyayên dîtî.

4. Em dibin navenda.

5. Ew her roj kar dike.

Exercise 4: Make Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the following verbs, create sentences in the present tense.

1. (xwarin) - I eat fruit.

2. (çûn) - You go to school.

3. (dîtin) - He sees his friends.

4. (karîn) - We want to play.

5. (lîstin) - They work together.

Solutions to Exercise 4[edit | edit source]

1. Ez fêkê xwarim.

2. Tu dibî navenda.

3. Ew hevalên xwe dîte.

4. Em lîstin xwestin.

5. Ew bi hev re kar dikin.

Exercise 5: Identify the Errors[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. Tu xwarî pîraz. (You eat a peach.)

2. Em dîtin fîlm. (We see a movie.)

3. Hûn çûnin bazar. (You (plural) go to the market.)

4. Ew xwestin nanê. (He/She wants bread.)

5. Ez lîstin futbolla. (I play football.)

Solutions to Exercise 5[edit | edit source]

1. Tu xwarî pîraz. (Correct: Tu xwarî pîraz.)

2. Em dîtin fîlm. (Correct: Em dîtin fîlm.)

3. Hûn çûnî bazar. (Correct: Hûn çûnî bazar.)

4. Ew xweste nanê. (Correct: Ew xweste nanê.)

5. Ez lîstim futbolla. (Correct: Ez lîstim futbolla.)

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

In this lesson, we’ve explored the present tense in Northern Kurdish, covering the structure, conjugation, and practical examples. Remember to practice regularly and try forming sentences about your daily life using the present tense. The more you practice, the more fluent you’ll become in expressing yourself in Northern Kurdish.

Keep up the great work, and I look forward to seeing you in the next lesson where we'll dive into the past tense!


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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