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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjective Agreement</div>
Welcome to the lesson on '''Adjective Agreement''' in Catalan! Understanding how adjectives work in relation to nouns is crucial for speaking and writing effectively in Catalan. This topic may seem a bit daunting at first, but don’t worry! We'll break it down into manageable pieces, making it easy to grasp.
In this lesson, you’ll learn how adjectives change based on the gender (masculine or feminine) and the number (singular or plural) of the nouns they describe. This is an essential part of mastering Catalan grammar, and will help you enhance your descriptive language skills significantly.
Here’s a quick outline of what we’ll cover today:
1. '''Understanding Adjective Agreement'''
* Gender Agreement
* Number Agreement
2. '''Examples of Adjective Agreement'''


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Catalan|Catalan]]  → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Adjectives and Pronouns → Adjective Agreement</div>
3. '''Practice Exercises'''
 
* Creating sentences
 
* Identifying correct forms
 
Let's get started!


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Adjective Agreement in Catalan</h1>
=== Understanding Adjective Agreement ===
 
In Catalan, adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in both gender and number. This means that the form of the adjective changes depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine, and whether it is singular or plural.
 
==== Gender Agreement ====
 
Catalan nouns are classified as either masculine or feminine. Generally, nouns that end in -o are masculine, while those that end in -a are feminine. However, there are exceptions, so it's important to learn them as you go.
 
* '''Masculine Example:'''
 
* El gat (the cat) is masculine, so we use the masculine form of the adjective.
 
* El gat negre (the black cat).
 
* '''Feminine Example:'''
 
* La gata (the female cat) is feminine, so we use the feminine form of the adjective.
 
* La gata negra (the black female cat).
 
==== Number Agreement ====
 
Adjectives also change form based on whether the noun is singular or plural. For most adjectives, the plural is formed by adding -s to the end of the adjective.
 
* '''Singular Example:'''
 
* El llibre gros (the big book).
 
* '''Plural Example:'''
 
* Els llibres grossos (the big books).
 
To summarize:
 
* Masculine singular: adjective ends in -o


<p>Catalan adjectives are used to describe people, places, and things. Like in other romance languages, adjectives in Catalan agree with the noun they modify in gender and number. This means that the ending of the adjective changes to match the gender and number of the noun it is describing.</p>
* Feminine singular: adjective ends in -a


<h2>Gender Agreement</h2>
* Masculine plural: adjective ends in -os


<p>In Catalan, nouns are either masculine or feminine. Adjectives modify nouns differently depending on the gender they have:</p>
* Feminine plural: adjective ends in -es


<ul>
=== Examples of Adjective Agreement ===
<li>If the noun is masculine, the ending of the adjective is "-o." </li>
<li>If the noun is feminine, the ending of the adjective is "-a."</li>
</ul>


<p>Here are some examples of adjectives in Catalan:</p>
To help illustrate how adjectives agree with nouns, let’s look at some examples. Below is a table with various adjectives and their agreement forms:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| home fort || /ˈɔ.me ˈfɔɾt/ || strong man
 
| el llibre gros || el 'ʎiβɾe 'ɡɾos || the big book
 
|-
|-
| dona forta || /ˈdɔ.nə ˈfɔɾ.tə/ || strong woman
 
| la casa gran || la 'kaza 'ɡɾan || the big house
 
|-
 
| els llibres grossos || els 'ʎiβɾes 'ɡɾosus || the big books
 
|-
|-
| gat negre || /ˈɡat ˈne.ɣɾə/ || black cat (masculine)
 
| les cases grans || les 'kasas 'ɡɾans || the big houses
 
|-
|-
| gata negra || /ˈɡa.tə ˈne.ɣɾə/ || black cat (feminine)
|}


<p>Note that "fort" (strong) changes to "forta" in the feminine form and that "negre" (black) changes to "negra."</p>
| el cotxe ràpid || el 'kotʃe 'ɾapid || the fast car


<h2>Number Agreement</h2>
|-


<p>In addition to gender agreement, adjectives in Catalan also agree in number with the noun they modify. There are two numbers: singular and plural. To make an adjective agree in number with a noun, its ending must change:</p>
| la bicicleta ràpida || la bisi'kleta 'ɾapidə || the fast bicycle


<ul>
|-
<li>If the noun is singular, the ending of the adjective is the same as in the gender agreement.</li>
<li>If the noun is plural, the ending of the adjective is "-s" for both masculine and feminine nouns.</li>
</ul>


<p>Here are some examples of adjectives in both singular and plural form:</p>
| els cotxes ràpids || els 'kotʃes 'ɾapids || the fast cars
 
|-
 
| les bicicletes ràpides || les bisi'kletəs 'ɾapides || the fast bicycles


{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| gat negre || /ˈɡat ˈne.ɣɾə/ || black cat (singular masculine)
 
| el nen simpàtic || el 'nen sim'patik || the nice boy
 
|-
|-
| gata negra || /ˈɡa.tə ˈne.ɣɾə/ || black cat (singular feminine)
 
| la nena simpàtica || la 'nenə sim'patika || the nice girl
 
|-
|-
| gats negres || /ˈɡats ˈne.ɣɾəs/ || black cats (plural masculine)
 
| els nens simpàtics || els 'nenz sim'patiks || the nice boys
 
|-
|-
| gates negres || /ˈɡa.təs ˈne.ɣɾəs/ || black cats (plural feminine)
|}


<p>Note that "negre" (black) changes to "negres" in the plural form for both masculine and feminine nouns.</p>
| les nenes simpàtiques || les 'nenəs sim'patikes || the nice girls


<h2>Exceptions to Adjective Agreement</h2>
|-


<p>There are some adjectives in Catalan that do not follow the regular rules of agreement. These adjectives do not change form based on the gender or number of the noun they modify:</p>
| el gos blanc || el 'ɡos 'blaŋk || the white dog


<ul>
|-
<li>Adjectives ending in "-e" do not change for gender, but they add "-s" to form the plural</li>
<li>Adjectives ending in "-or" and "-ol" change the final "-r" to "-ra" for feminine nouns.</li>
<li>Some adjectives have a separate form for masculine and feminine – they use their masculine form with masculine nouns, and their feminine form with feminine nouns. Examples of such adjectives include "gran" and "jove." </li>
</ul>


<p>Here are some examples of adjectives that have different forms:</p>
| la gossa blanca || la 'ɡosə 'blaŋka || the white female dog


{| class="wikitable"
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
|-
| llibrete petit || /ʎi.βɾəˈtɛ pəˈtit/ || small notebook (masculine singular)
 
| els gossos blancs || els 'ɡosus 'blaŋks || the white dogs
 
|-
|-
| llibreta petita || /ʎi.βɾəˈta pəˈtitə/ || small notebook (feminine singular)
 
| les gosses blanques || les 'ɡosəs 'blaŋkəs || the white female dogs
 
|-
|-
| llibretets petits || /ʎi.βɾəˈtɛts pəˈtits/ || small notebooks (masculine plural)
 
| el cotxe nou || el 'kotʃe 'nɔu || the new car
 
|-
|-
| llibretes petites || /ʎi.βɾəˈtɛs pəˈtitəs/ || small notebooks (feminine plural)
 
| la casa nova || la 'kaza 'nɔβa || the new house
 
|-
|-
| ciutat gran || /si.uˈtat ɡɾan/ || big city (singular masculine)
 
| els cotxes nous || els 'kotʃes 'nɔus || the new cars
 
|-
|-
| ciutat gran || /si.uˈta ˈɡɾanə/ || big city (singular feminine)
 
| les cases noves || les 'kasəs 'nɔβes || the new houses
 
|}
|}


<h2>Agreement of Adjectives with Irregular Nouns</h2>
Now that you see how adjectives work with different nouns, it’s time to practice!
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
To solidify your understanding of adjective agreement, let’s try some exercises. For each exercise, follow the instructions carefully.
 
==== Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks ====
 
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the adjectives in parentheses.
 
1. El gat _______ (negre).
 
2. La casa _______ (gran).
 
3. Els llibres _______ (gros).
 
4. Les nenes _______ (simpàtic).
 
5. El cotxe _______ (nou).
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. El gat negre.
 
2. La casa gran.
 
3. Els llibres grossos.
 
4. Les nenes simpàtiques.
 
5. El cotxe nou.
 
==== Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes ====
 
Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
 
1. La casa granes.
 
2. El gos blanques.
 
3. Els nens simpàtica.
 
4. Les bicicletes ràpids.
 
5. El cotxe noves.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. La casa gran. (singular feminine)
 
2. El gos blanc. (singular masculine)
 
3. Els nens simpàtics. (plural masculine)
 
4. Les bicicletes ràpides. (plural feminine)
 
5. El cotxe nou. (singular masculine)
 
==== Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences ====
 
Translate the following sentences into Catalan.
 
1. The big house.
 
2. The nice girl.
 
3. The fast cars.
 
4. The new books.
 
5. The white dogs.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. La casa gran.
 
2. La nena simpàtica.
 
3. Els cotxes ràpids.
 
4. Els llibres nous.
 
5. Els gossos blancs.
 
==== Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences ====
 
Using the adjectives provided, create your own sentences.
 
1. (gros) _______
 
2. (negra) _______
 
3. (simpàtic) _______
 
4. (nova) _______
 
5. (blanc) _______
 
''Example Solutions:''
 
1. El llibre gros és interessant.
 
2. La gossa negra corre ràpidament.
 
3. Els nens simpàtics juguen al parc.


<p>There are some nouns in Catalan that have an irregular gender, meaning they do not follow the standard gender rules. For example, "dia" (day) is a masculine noun even though it ends in "-a." In cases like these, the adjective must still agree with the noun they modify:</p>
4. La bicicleta nova és preciosa.


<ul>
5. Els gossos blancs són amigables.
<li>If the irregular noun is masculine, the adjective still has the "-o" ending in the singular.</li>
<li>If the irregular noun is feminine, the adjective still has the "-a" ending in the singular.</li>
<li>If the irregular noun is plural, the adjective still has the "-s" ending for both masculine and feminine nouns.</li>
</ul>


<p>Here are some examples of adjectives with irregular nouns:</p>
==== Exercise 5: Match the Nouns with the Correct Adjectives ====


{| class="wikitable"
Match the nouns with the correct forms of the adjectives.
! Catalan !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
| Nouns | Adjectives |
| dia calorós || /ˈdi.ə kə.loˈɾos/ || hot day (masculine singular)
 
|-
|-------|------------|
| nit calorosa || /ˈnit kə.loˈɾosə/ || hot night (feminine singular)
 
|-
| casa  | 1. simpàtic |
| dies calorosos || /ˈdis kə.loˈɾo.sos/ || hot days (masculine plural)
 
|-
| llibre | 2. negre |
| nits caloroses || /ˈnits kə.loˈɾo.ses/ || hot nights (feminine plural)
 
|}
| gos  | 3. gran |
 
| nen  | 4. nou |
 
''Solutions:''
 
* casa → 3. gran
 
* llibre → 4. nou
 
* gos → 2. negre
 
* nen → 1. simpàtic
 
==== Exercise 6: Rewrite the Sentences ====
 
Rewrite the sentences below, changing the nouns to plural and adjusting the adjectives accordingly.
 
1. El gat negre.
 
2. La casa gran.
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. Els gats negres.
 
2. Les cases grans.
 
==== Exercise 7: Identify the Gender ====
 
Identify the gender of the nouns and write the correct form of the adjective.
 
1. __________ (la taula) _________ (bonic).
 
2. __________ (el divan) _________ (còmode).
 
''Solutions:''
 
1. La taula bonica. (feminine)
 
2. El divan còmode. (masculine)
 
==== Exercise 8: Fill in the Table ====
 
Fill in the table with the correct forms of the adjectives.
 
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
 
|--------|----------|--------|
 
| Masculine | _______ | _______ |
 
| Feminine | _______ | _______ |
 
''Example Solutions:''
 
| Gender | Singular | Plural |
 
|--------|----------|--------|
 
| Masculine | gros | grossos |
 
| Feminine | gran | grans |
 
==== Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation ====
 
Transform the following sentence to use a different adjective:
 
1. El gos és blanc.
 
''Example Solution:''
 
1. El gos és negre.


<h2>Position of Adjectives in a Sentence</h2>
==== Exercise 10: Describe a Scene ====


<p>In Catalan, adjectives usually come after the noun they modify:</p>
Look at a picture (real or imaginary) and write a short description using at least three adjectives agreeing with your nouns.


<ul>
''Example Solution:''
<li>La camisa blanca (the white shirt)</li>
<li>El cotxe gran (the big car)</li>
</ul>


<p>However, if an adjective is used to describe the quantity or size of a noun, it usually comes before the noun:</p>
La casa gran i nova té un jardí bonic. Els arbres verds són al costat.


<ul>
Congratulations! You have now learned how adjectives agree in Catalan! Keep practicing, and soon this will become second nature to you.
<li>Dos persones grans (two big persons)</li>
<li>Molts cotxes petits (many small cars)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
As you continue your journey in learning Catalan, remember that practice is key. Try to incorporate adjectives into your everyday conversations and writing. This will not only help you remember the rules but will also make your language skills flourish.


<p>In conclusion, agreement of adjectives in Catalan is based on the gender and number of the noun they modify. Adjectives change their endings to match the gender and number of the noun. Some adjectives have different forms based on the gender of the noun. In cases like these, the masculine form is used with masculine nouns, and the feminine form is used with feminine nouns. Irregular nouns follow the same rules of agreement as regular nouns. Adjectives usually come after the noun they modify, but they can come before the noun if they describe size or quantity.</p>
Happy learning!


{{#seo:
{{#seo:
|title=Catalan Grammar → Adjectives and Pronouns → Adjective Agreement
 
|keywords=Catalan, Adjectives, Pronouns, Agreement, Nouns, Gender, Number, Sentence Structure
|title=Catalan Grammar: Mastering Adjective Agreement
|description=Learn how to use adjectives in Catalan, including agreement with nouns in gender and number, to describe people, places, and things.
 
|keywords=Catalan, adjectives, grammar, language learning, adjective agreement, beginner Catalan
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to use adjectives in Catalan, including agreement with nouns in gender and number, to describe people, places, and things.
 
}}
}}


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==Sources==
* [https://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Catalan/Grammar/Catalan-Adjective.htm Catalan: Adjective]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_grammar Catalan grammar - Wikipedia]
* [https://langhok.com/catalan-grammar/ Catalan Grammar - Langhok]




==Related Lessons==
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Cardinal-Numbers-in-Catalan|Cardinal Numbers in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Cardinal-Numbers-in-Catalan|Cardinal Numbers in Catalan]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
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* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Adjectives|Adjectives]]


{{Catalan-Page-Bottom}}
{{Catalan-Page-Bottom}}
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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Catalan/Vocabulary/Telling-Time|◀️ Telling Time — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Catalan/Grammar/Personal-Pronouns|Next Lesson — Personal Pronouns ▶️]]
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Latest revision as of 01:38, 2 August 2024

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Catalan → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Adjective Agreement

Welcome to the lesson on Adjective Agreement in Catalan! Understanding how adjectives work in relation to nouns is crucial for speaking and writing effectively in Catalan. This topic may seem a bit daunting at first, but don’t worry! We'll break it down into manageable pieces, making it easy to grasp.

In this lesson, you’ll learn how adjectives change based on the gender (masculine or feminine) and the number (singular or plural) of the nouns they describe. This is an essential part of mastering Catalan grammar, and will help you enhance your descriptive language skills significantly.

Here’s a quick outline of what we’ll cover today:

1. Understanding Adjective Agreement

  • Gender Agreement
  • Number Agreement

2. Examples of Adjective Agreement

3. Practice Exercises

  • Creating sentences
  • Identifying correct forms

Let's get started!

Understanding Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

In Catalan, adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in both gender and number. This means that the form of the adjective changes depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine, and whether it is singular or plural.

Gender Agreement[edit | edit source]

Catalan nouns are classified as either masculine or feminine. Generally, nouns that end in -o are masculine, while those that end in -a are feminine. However, there are exceptions, so it's important to learn them as you go.

  • Masculine Example:
  • El gat (the cat) is masculine, so we use the masculine form of the adjective.
  • El gat negre (the black cat).
  • Feminine Example:
  • La gata (the female cat) is feminine, so we use the feminine form of the adjective.
  • La gata negra (the black female cat).

Number Agreement[edit | edit source]

Adjectives also change form based on whether the noun is singular or plural. For most adjectives, the plural is formed by adding -s to the end of the adjective.

  • Singular Example:
  • El llibre gros (the big book).
  • Plural Example:
  • Els llibres grossos (the big books).

To summarize:

  • Masculine singular: adjective ends in -o
  • Feminine singular: adjective ends in -a
  • Masculine plural: adjective ends in -os
  • Feminine plural: adjective ends in -es

Examples of Adjective Agreement[edit | edit source]

To help illustrate how adjectives agree with nouns, let’s look at some examples. Below is a table with various adjectives and their agreement forms:

Catalan Pronunciation English
el llibre gros el 'ʎiβɾe 'ɡɾos the big book
la casa gran la 'kaza 'ɡɾan the big house
els llibres grossos els 'ʎiβɾes 'ɡɾosus the big books
les cases grans les 'kasas 'ɡɾans the big houses
el cotxe ràpid el 'kotʃe 'ɾapid the fast car
la bicicleta ràpida la bisi'kleta 'ɾapidə the fast bicycle
els cotxes ràpids els 'kotʃes 'ɾapids the fast cars
les bicicletes ràpides les bisi'kletəs 'ɾapides the fast bicycles
el nen simpàtic el 'nen sim'patik the nice boy
la nena simpàtica la 'nenə sim'patika the nice girl
els nens simpàtics els 'nenz sim'patiks the nice boys
les nenes simpàtiques les 'nenəs sim'patikes the nice girls
el gos blanc el 'ɡos 'blaŋk the white dog
la gossa blanca la 'ɡosə 'blaŋka the white female dog
els gossos blancs els 'ɡosus 'blaŋks the white dogs
les gosses blanques les 'ɡosəs 'blaŋkəs the white female dogs
el cotxe nou el 'kotʃe 'nɔu the new car
la casa nova la 'kaza 'nɔβa the new house
els cotxes nous els 'kotʃes 'nɔus the new cars
les cases noves les 'kasəs 'nɔβes the new houses

Now that you see how adjectives work with different nouns, it’s time to practice!

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

To solidify your understanding of adjective agreement, let’s try some exercises. For each exercise, follow the instructions carefully.

Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks[edit | edit source]

Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the adjectives in parentheses.

1. El gat _______ (negre).

2. La casa _______ (gran).

3. Els llibres _______ (gros).

4. Les nenes _______ (simpàtic).

5. El cotxe _______ (nou).

Solutions:

1. El gat negre.

2. La casa gran.

3. Els llibres grossos.

4. Les nenes simpàtiques.

5. El cotxe nou.

Exercise 2: Correct the Mistakes[edit | edit source]

Identify and correct the mistakes in the following sentences.

1. La casa granes.

2. El gos blanques.

3. Els nens simpàtica.

4. Les bicicletes ràpids.

5. El cotxe noves.

Solutions:

1. La casa gran. (singular feminine)

2. El gos blanc. (singular masculine)

3. Els nens simpàtics. (plural masculine)

4. Les bicicletes ràpides. (plural feminine)

5. El cotxe nou. (singular masculine)

Exercise 3: Translate the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Catalan.

1. The big house.

2. The nice girl.

3. The fast cars.

4. The new books.

5. The white dogs.

Solutions:

1. La casa gran.

2. La nena simpàtica.

3. Els cotxes ràpids.

4. Els llibres nous.

5. Els gossos blancs.

Exercise 4: Create Your Own Sentences[edit | edit source]

Using the adjectives provided, create your own sentences.

1. (gros) _______

2. (negra) _______

3. (simpàtic) _______

4. (nova) _______

5. (blanc) _______

Example Solutions:

1. El llibre gros és interessant.

2. La gossa negra corre ràpidament.

3. Els nens simpàtics juguen al parc.

4. La bicicleta nova és preciosa.

5. Els gossos blancs són amigables.

Exercise 5: Match the Nouns with the Correct Adjectives[edit | edit source]

Match the nouns with the correct forms of the adjectives.

| Nouns | Adjectives |

|-------|------------|

| casa | 1. simpàtic |

| llibre | 2. negre |

| gos | 3. gran |

| nen | 4. nou |

Solutions:

  • casa → 3. gran
  • llibre → 4. nou
  • gos → 2. negre
  • nen → 1. simpàtic

Exercise 6: Rewrite the Sentences[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the sentences below, changing the nouns to plural and adjusting the adjectives accordingly.

1. El gat negre.

2. La casa gran.

Solutions:

1. Els gats negres.

2. Les cases grans.

Exercise 7: Identify the Gender[edit | edit source]

Identify the gender of the nouns and write the correct form of the adjective.

1. __________ (la taula) _________ (bonic).

2. __________ (el divan) _________ (còmode).

Solutions:

1. La taula bonica. (feminine)

2. El divan còmode. (masculine)

Exercise 8: Fill in the Table[edit | edit source]

Fill in the table with the correct forms of the adjectives.

| Gender | Singular | Plural |

|--------|----------|--------|

| Masculine | _______ | _______ |

| Feminine | _______ | _______ |

Example Solutions:

| Gender | Singular | Plural |

|--------|----------|--------|

| Masculine | gros | grossos |

| Feminine | gran | grans |

Exercise 9: Sentence Transformation[edit | edit source]

Transform the following sentence to use a different adjective:

1. El gos és blanc.

Example Solution:

1. El gos és negre.

Exercise 10: Describe a Scene[edit | edit source]

Look at a picture (real or imaginary) and write a short description using at least three adjectives agreeing with your nouns.

Example Solution:

La casa gran i nova té un jardí bonic. Els arbres verds són al costat.

Congratulations! You have now learned how adjectives agree in Catalan! Keep practicing, and soon this will become second nature to you.

As you continue your journey in learning Catalan, remember that practice is key. Try to incorporate adjectives into your everyday conversations and writing. This will not only help you remember the rules but will also make your language skills flourish.

Happy learning!

Table of Contents - Catalan Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Introduction to Catalan


Greetings and Introductions


Articles and Nouns


Numbers and Time


Adjectives and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Catalan Culture

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]


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