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{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Javanese/Vocabulary/Relationship-Terms|◀️ Relationship Terms — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
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{{Javanese-Page-Top}}
<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Present Tense</div>


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Javanese|Javanese]]  → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Verbs and Tenses → Present Tense</div>
In learning Javanese, understanding how to express actions happening in the present is essential. The present tense forms the backbone of daily communication, enabling you to describe what you do, what you see, and how you feel. Whether you’re ordering food, chatting with friends, or simply sharing your day, mastering the present tense will significantly enhance your fluency and confidence in the language.
 
In this lesson, we will explore the present tense in Javanese, covering the structure, conjugation, and usage of verbs. We will also provide numerous examples to illustrate how these verbs function in everyday conversation. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the present tense, enabling you to describe actions happening now with ease and clarity.


__TOC__
__TOC__


<h1>Introduction</h1>
=== Understanding the Present Tense ===
 
The present tense in Javanese is used to express actions that are currently happening or habitual actions. It is straightforward and does not involve complex conjugation patterns like in some other languages.
 
==== Present Tense Structure ====
 
In Javanese, a simple formula can be used for forming sentences in the present tense:
 
''Subject + Verb + Object''
 
* '''Subject''': The doer of the action.
 
* '''Verb''': The action being performed.
 
* '''Object''': The receiver of the action.
 
For example:
 
* I eat rice.
 
* Subject: I (Aku)
 
* Verb: eat (mangan)
 
* Object: rice (beras)
 
The Javanese equivalent would be:
 
* '''Aku mangan beras.'''
 
=== Conjugating Javanese Verbs in the Present Tense ===
 
One of the beautiful aspects of Javanese is its simplicity in verb conjugation. Unlike English, where verbs change form depending on the subject, Javanese verbs remain mostly unchanged.
 
Here are some common verbs used in the present tense:
 
* '''Mangan''' (to eat)
 
* '''Ngombe''' (to drink)
 
* '''Sinau''' (to study)
 
* '''Nulis''' (to write)
 
To illustrate, let’s look at how these verbs operate in sentences:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Aku mangan beras. || /aku maŋan bəra̤s/ || I eat rice.
 
|-
 
| Aku ngombe banyu. || /aku ŋombə bɑɲu/ || I drink water.
 
|-
 
| Aku sinau basa Jawi. || /aku sinau bɑsɑ dʒawi/ || I study Javanese.
 
|-


In Javanese, verbs are the most important part of the sentence. They express the action that is taking place, and their conjugation depends on the tense, aspect, and mood of the sentence. In this lesson, we will focus on the present tense, which is used to describe actions that are happening right now.  
| Aku nulis surat. || /aku nulis surat/ || I write a letter.


<h2>Conjugation</h2>
|}


To conjugate a verb in the present tense, you need to first identify its root form. For example, the root form of the verb "mangan" (to eat) is "angan." To form the present tense, you add the appropriate ending to the root form, depending on the subject of the sentence.
=== Common Present Tense Usage ===


Here are the present tense endings for each subject in Javanese:
Let's explore some practical examples to deepen your understanding.


<table class="wikitable">
==== Describing Daily Activities ====
<tr>
<th>Subject</th>
<th>Ending</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>I</td>
<td>-ku</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>You (singular)</td>
<td>-mu</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>He/She/It</td>
<td>-ne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>We (inclusive)</td>
<td>-kita</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>We (exclusive)</td>
<td>-kami</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>You (plural)</td>
<td>-kmong</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>They</td>
<td>-re</td>
</tr>
</table>


Let's look at some examples:
You can use the present tense to describe what you do daily. Here are some examples:


<table class="wikitable">
{| class="wikitable"
<tr>
<th>Javanese</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>aku mangan</td>
<td>"ah-koo mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>I am eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kowe mangan</td>
<td>"ko-weh mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>You are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>sira mangan</td>
<td>"see-rah mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>He/She/It is eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kita mangan</td>
<td>"kee-ta mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>We (inclusive) are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kami mangan</td>
<td>"kah-mee mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>We (exclusive) are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>kamong mangan</td>
<td>"kah-mong mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>You (plural) are eating</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>re mangan</td>
<td>"reh mahn-gahn"</td>
<td>They are eating</td>
</tr>
</table>


As you can see, the ending of the verb changes depending on the subject of the sentence, but the root form stays the same.
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English


<h2>Usage</h2>
|-


The present tense is used to describe actions that are happening right now, as well as general truths and habits. Here are some examples:
| Aku tangi esuk. || /aku taŋi ɛsuk/ || I wake up in the morning.


<ul>
|-
<li>Sira nandur sekarang. (He/She is gardening now.)</li>
<li>Kita ora nduweni wong Amerika ing sini. (We (inclusive) don't have any American people here.)</li>
<li>Kulo suka mangan nasi. (I like to eat rice.)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Negative Form</h2>
| Aku mlebu sekolah. || /aku mlɛbu skɔlah/ || I enter the school.


To make a negative sentence in the present tense, you need to use the word "ora" before the verb. For example:
|-


<ul>
| Aku dolan karo kancaku. || /aku dolan kɑro kɑnʧɑku/ || I hang out with my friend.
<li>Aku ora mangan. (I am not eating.)</li>
<li>Sira ora ngomong. (He/She is not speaking.)</li>
<li>Kita ora nduweni uang. (We (inclusive) don't have any money.)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Interrogative Form</h2>
|-


To form a question in the present tense, you need to switch the position of the verb and subject, and add the question particle "apa" at the beginning of the sentence. For example:
| Aku dolanan bal-balan. || /aku dolanan bɑl-bɑlɑn/ || I play soccer.


<ul>
|}
<li>Apa aku mangan? (Am I eating?)</li>
<li>Apa sira ngomong? (Is he/she speaking?)</li>
<li>Apa kita nduweni uang? (Do we (inclusive) have any money?)</li>
</ul>


<h2>Vocabulary</h2>
==== Expressing Preferences ====


Here are some Javanese verbs that you can use in the present tense:
You can express likes and dislikes using the present tense:


<ul>
{| class="wikitable"
<li>mangan - to eat</li>
<li>nandur - to garden</li>
<li>mlaku - to walk</li>
<li>ngomong - to speak</li>
<li>ndelok - to look</li>
<li>ninggal - to live</li>
<li>melu - to come</li>
<li>minggat - to travel</li>
<li>ntik - to wait</li>
<li>dudu - to not be</li>
<li>wis - already</li>
<li>aku - me/I</li>
<li>sira - he/she/it</li>
<li>kita - we (inclusive)</li>
<li>kami - we (exclusive)</li>
<li>kamu - you (singular)</li>
<li>kamong - you (plural)</li>
<li>re - they</li>
</ul>


<h2>Practice</h2>
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English


Here are some exercises to practice using the present tense in Javanese:
|-


<p><strong>Exercise 1:</strong> Translate the following sentences into Javanese:</p>
| Aku seneng kopi. || /aku sənəŋ kɔpi/ || I like coffee.


<ol>
|-
<li>I am walking.</li>
<li>He is eating.</li>
<li>We are waiting.</li>
<li>They are not speaking.</li>
</ol>


<p><strong>Exercise 2:</strong> Translate the following sentences into English:</p>
| Aku ora seneng sayur. || /aku ɔra sənəŋ saʏur/ || I don’t like vegetables.


<ol>
|-
<li>Kulo ndelok televisi.</li>
<li>Aku wis mangan.</li>
<li>Sira njaluk manganan sing enak.</li>
<li>Kami dudu sira.</li>
</ol>


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
| Aku seneng maca buku. || /aku sənəŋ mɑtʃɑ buko/ || I like reading books.


In this lesson, you learned how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now. Remember to pay attention to the subject of the sentence and add the appropriate ending to the root form of the verb. With practice, you'll be able to use the present tense confidently in your conversations in Javanese.
|-


{{Javanese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}
| Aku ora seneng nonton televisi. || /aku ɔra sənəŋ nɔntɔn tɛlɛvisi/ || I don’t like watching television.
 
|}
 
==== Talking About Feelings ====
 
The present tense can also describe your current feelings:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Javanese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| Aku seneng. || /aku sənəŋ/ || I am happy.
 
|-
 
| Aku kesel. || /aku kəsəl/ || I am tired.
 
|-
 
| Aku wedi. || /aku wɛdi/ || I am scared.
 
|-
 
| Aku ngantuk. || /aku ŋɑntuɡ/ || I am sleepy.
 
|}
 
=== Practice Exercises ===
 
Now it’s time to apply what you’ve learned! Here are some exercises to help solidify your understanding of the present tense.
 
1. '''Translate the following sentences into Javanese:'''
 
1. I eat fruit.
 
2. I drink tea.
 
3. I write a story.
 
4. I study history.
 
2. '''Fill in the blanks:'''
 
* Aku ____ (to eat) nasi.
 
* Aku ____ (to drink) susu.
 
* Aku ____ (to study) matematika.
 
* Aku ____ (to write) puisi.
 
3. '''Create sentences using the following verbs:'''
 
1. Mangan (to eat)
 
2. Nulis (to write)
 
3. Dolanan (to play)
 
4. Ngombe (to drink)
 
4. '''Identify the subject, verb, and object in the following sentences:'''
 
1. Aku nonton film.
 
2. Dheweke sinau ing perpustakaan.
 
5. '''Change the following sentences to express negation:'''
 
1. Aku mangan daging. (I eat meat)
 
2. Aku sinau basa Inggris. (I study English)
 
6. '''Construct a sentence describing your daily routine using the present tense.'''
 
7. '''Express your likes and dislikes in Javanese.'''
 
8. '''Describe your current feelings in Javanese.'''
 
9. '''Translate the following sentences into English:'''
 
1. Aku ora seneng kopi.
 
2. Dheweke dolan ing taman.
 
10. '''Write a short paragraph about what you do every day using the present tense.'''
 
=== Answers and Explanations ===
 
1. '''Answers to Translation:'''
 
* Aku mangan woh-wohan.
 
* Aku ngombe teh.
 
* Aku nulis cerita.
 
* Aku sinau sejarah.
 
2. '''Fill in the blanks:'''
 
* Aku mangan nasi.
 
* Aku ngombe susu.
 
* Aku sinau matematika.
 
* Aku nulis puisi.
 
3. '''Sample Sentences:'''
 
* Aku mangan soto. (I eat soto.)
 
* Aku nulis surat kanggo ibuku. (I write a letter to my mother.)
 
* Aku dolanan bola basket. (I play basketball.)
 
* Aku ngombe jeruk. (I drink orange juice.)
 
4. '''Identifying Components:'''
 
* Aku nonton film.
 
* Subject: Aku
 
* Verb: nonton
 
* Object: film
 
* Dheweke sinau ing perpustakaan.
 
* Subject: Dheweke
 
* Verb: sinau
 
* Object: ing perpustakaan (in the library is a location, not an object)
 
5. '''Negation:'''
 
* Aku ora mangan daging. (I do not eat meat.)
 
* Aku ora sinau basa Inggris. (I do not study English.)
 
6. '''Daily Routine Example:'''
 
* Setiap esuk, aku tangi, aku ngombe kopi, aku maca koran, lan aku sinau. (Every morning, I wake up, I drink coffee, I read the newspaper, and I study.)
 
7. '''Likes and Dislikes Example:'''
 
* Aku seneng dolanan, nanging aku ora seneng nulis. (I like playing but I don’t like writing.)
 
8. '''Feelings Example:'''
 
* Aku seneng amarga dina iki cerah. (I am happy because today is sunny.)
 
9. '''Translation Answers:'''
 
* I don’t like coffee.
 
* He/She plays in the park.
 
10. '''Short Paragraph Example:'''
 
* Saben dina, aku tangi jam enem. Aku mangan sarapan lan ngombe teh. Banjur, aku sinau ing sekolah nganti sore. Sore, aku dolan karo kancaku. (Every day, I wake up at six. I eat breakfast and drink tea. Then, I study at school until the afternoon. In the evening, I hang out with my friends.)
 
With practice, you will become more comfortable using the present tense in Javanese. Remember, repetition is key, and the more you engage with the language, the more natural it will become.
 
{{#seo:
 
|title=Learn Javanese Present Tense
 
|keywords=Javanese grammar, present tense, Javanese verbs, language learning, Javanese for beginners
 
|description=In this lesson, you will learn how to conjugate and use Javanese verbs in the present tense to describe actions happening now.
 
}}
 
{{Template:Javanese-0-to-A1-Course-TOC}}


[[Category:Course]]
[[Category:Course]]
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[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Javanese-0-to-A1-Course]]
[[Category:Javanese-0-to-A1-Course]]
<span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-3.5-turbo></span> <span temperature=1></span>
<span openai_correct_model></span> <span gpt></span> <span model=gpt-4o-mini></span> <span temperature=0.7></span>
 
==Sources==
* [http://learn101.org/javanese_grammar.php Javanese Grammar | LEARN101.ORG]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_language Javanese language - Wikipedia]
 
 
 
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Pronouns|Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Possessive-Pronouns|Possessive Pronouns]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Gender|Gender]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Descriptive-Adjectives|Descriptive Adjectives]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/How-to-Use-Be|How to Use Be]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Plurals|Plurals]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Give-your-Opinion|Give your Opinion]]
* [[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Adverbs-of-Manner|Adverbs of Manner]]
 




{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
{{Javanese-Page-Bottom}}
<span pgnav>
{| class="wikitable pg_template_nav"
|[[Language/Javanese/Vocabulary/Relationship-Terms|◀️ Relationship Terms — Previous Lesson]]
|[[Language/Javanese/Grammar/Past-Tense|Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️]]
|}
</span>

Latest revision as of 04:43, 2 August 2024

◀️ Relationship Terms — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

Javanese-language-polyglotclub.jpg
Javanese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Present Tense

In learning Javanese, understanding how to express actions happening in the present is essential. The present tense forms the backbone of daily communication, enabling you to describe what you do, what you see, and how you feel. Whether you’re ordering food, chatting with friends, or simply sharing your day, mastering the present tense will significantly enhance your fluency and confidence in the language.

In this lesson, we will explore the present tense in Javanese, covering the structure, conjugation, and usage of verbs. We will also provide numerous examples to illustrate how these verbs function in everyday conversation. By the end of this lesson, you will have a solid understanding of the present tense, enabling you to describe actions happening now with ease and clarity.

Understanding the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

The present tense in Javanese is used to express actions that are currently happening or habitual actions. It is straightforward and does not involve complex conjugation patterns like in some other languages.

Present Tense Structure[edit | edit source]

In Javanese, a simple formula can be used for forming sentences in the present tense:

Subject + Verb + Object

  • Subject: The doer of the action.
  • Verb: The action being performed.
  • Object: The receiver of the action.

For example:

  • I eat rice.
  • Subject: I (Aku)
  • Verb: eat (mangan)
  • Object: rice (beras)

The Javanese equivalent would be:

  • Aku mangan beras.

Conjugating Javanese Verbs in the Present Tense[edit | edit source]

One of the beautiful aspects of Javanese is its simplicity in verb conjugation. Unlike English, where verbs change form depending on the subject, Javanese verbs remain mostly unchanged.

Here are some common verbs used in the present tense:

  • Mangan (to eat)
  • Ngombe (to drink)
  • Sinau (to study)
  • Nulis (to write)

To illustrate, let’s look at how these verbs operate in sentences:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Aku mangan beras. /aku maŋan bəra̤s/ I eat rice.
Aku ngombe banyu. /aku ŋombə bɑɲu/ I drink water.
Aku sinau basa Jawi. /aku sinau bɑsɑ dʒawi/ I study Javanese.
Aku nulis surat. /aku nulis surat/ I write a letter.

Common Present Tense Usage[edit | edit source]

Let's explore some practical examples to deepen your understanding.

Describing Daily Activities[edit | edit source]

You can use the present tense to describe what you do daily. Here are some examples:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Aku tangi esuk. /aku taŋi ɛsuk/ I wake up in the morning.
Aku mlebu sekolah. /aku mlɛbu skɔlah/ I enter the school.
Aku dolan karo kancaku. /aku dolan kɑro kɑnʧɑku/ I hang out with my friend.
Aku dolanan bal-balan. /aku dolanan bɑl-bɑlɑn/ I play soccer.

Expressing Preferences[edit | edit source]

You can express likes and dislikes using the present tense:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Aku seneng kopi. /aku sənəŋ kɔpi/ I like coffee.
Aku ora seneng sayur. /aku ɔra sənəŋ saʏur/ I don’t like vegetables.
Aku seneng maca buku. /aku sənəŋ mɑtʃɑ buko/ I like reading books.
Aku ora seneng nonton televisi. /aku ɔra sənəŋ nɔntɔn tɛlɛvisi/ I don’t like watching television.

Talking About Feelings[edit | edit source]

The present tense can also describe your current feelings:

Javanese Pronunciation English
Aku seneng. /aku sənəŋ/ I am happy.
Aku kesel. /aku kəsəl/ I am tired.
Aku wedi. /aku wɛdi/ I am scared.
Aku ngantuk. /aku ŋɑntuɡ/ I am sleepy.

Practice Exercises[edit | edit source]

Now it’s time to apply what you’ve learned! Here are some exercises to help solidify your understanding of the present tense.

1. Translate the following sentences into Javanese:

1. I eat fruit.

2. I drink tea.

3. I write a story.

4. I study history.

2. Fill in the blanks:

  • Aku ____ (to eat) nasi.
  • Aku ____ (to drink) susu.
  • Aku ____ (to study) matematika.
  • Aku ____ (to write) puisi.

3. Create sentences using the following verbs:

1. Mangan (to eat)

2. Nulis (to write)

3. Dolanan (to play)

4. Ngombe (to drink)

4. Identify the subject, verb, and object in the following sentences:

1. Aku nonton film.

2. Dheweke sinau ing perpustakaan.

5. Change the following sentences to express negation:

1. Aku mangan daging. (I eat meat)

2. Aku sinau basa Inggris. (I study English)

6. Construct a sentence describing your daily routine using the present tense.

7. Express your likes and dislikes in Javanese.

8. Describe your current feelings in Javanese.

9. Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Aku ora seneng kopi.

2. Dheweke dolan ing taman.

10. Write a short paragraph about what you do every day using the present tense.

Answers and Explanations[edit | edit source]

1. Answers to Translation:

  • Aku mangan woh-wohan.
  • Aku ngombe teh.
  • Aku nulis cerita.
  • Aku sinau sejarah.

2. Fill in the blanks:

  • Aku mangan nasi.
  • Aku ngombe susu.
  • Aku sinau matematika.
  • Aku nulis puisi.

3. Sample Sentences:

  • Aku mangan soto. (I eat soto.)
  • Aku nulis surat kanggo ibuku. (I write a letter to my mother.)
  • Aku dolanan bola basket. (I play basketball.)
  • Aku ngombe jeruk. (I drink orange juice.)

4. Identifying Components:

  • Aku nonton film.
  • Subject: Aku
  • Verb: nonton
  • Object: film
  • Dheweke sinau ing perpustakaan.
  • Subject: Dheweke
  • Verb: sinau
  • Object: ing perpustakaan (in the library is a location, not an object)

5. Negation:

  • Aku ora mangan daging. (I do not eat meat.)
  • Aku ora sinau basa Inggris. (I do not study English.)

6. Daily Routine Example:

  • Setiap esuk, aku tangi, aku ngombe kopi, aku maca koran, lan aku sinau. (Every morning, I wake up, I drink coffee, I read the newspaper, and I study.)

7. Likes and Dislikes Example:

  • Aku seneng dolanan, nanging aku ora seneng nulis. (I like playing but I don’t like writing.)

8. Feelings Example:

  • Aku seneng amarga dina iki cerah. (I am happy because today is sunny.)

9. Translation Answers:

  • I don’t like coffee.
  • He/She plays in the park.

10. Short Paragraph Example:

  • Saben dina, aku tangi jam enem. Aku mangan sarapan lan ngombe teh. Banjur, aku sinau ing sekolah nganti sore. Sore, aku dolan karo kancaku. (Every day, I wake up at six. I eat breakfast and drink tea. Then, I study at school until the afternoon. In the evening, I hang out with my friends.)

With practice, you will become more comfortable using the present tense in Javanese. Remember, repetition is key, and the more you engage with the language, the more natural it will become.

Table of Contents - Javanese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Nouns and Pronouns


Family and Relationships


Verbs and Tenses


Food and Drinks


Adjectives and Adverbs


Travel and Transportation


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Javanese Customs and Etiquette

Sources[edit | edit source]


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



◀️ Relationship Terms — Previous Lesson Next Lesson — Past Tense ▶️

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