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<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Yue-chinese|Yue Chinese]]  → [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar|Grammar]] → [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/0-to-A1-Course|0 to A1 Course]] → Comprehensive Review</div>
Welcome to the comprehensive review of Yue Chinese grammar! This lesson is an essential part of our "Complete 0 to A1 Yue Chinese Course." As you embark on your journey to learn Yue Chinese, understanding the grammar is like laying a solid foundation for a house. It’s crucial because grammar helps you construct sentences, express your thoughts, and communicate effectively.
In this lesson, we will revisit the key grammar concepts covered throughout the course, ensuring you have a thorough understanding of how to use them in practical contexts. We will break down each concept, provide numerous examples to illustrate clarity, and offer exercises to reinforce your learning.


<div class="pg_page_title">[[Language/Yue-chinese|Yue Chinese]]  → [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar|Grammar]] → Comprehensive Review</div>
The structure of this lesson is as follows:


__TOC__
__TOC__


As a Yue Chinese language teacher, I would like to provide you with a comprehensive review of all the grammar concepts that you have learned in this course.
=== Basic Sentence Structure ===
 
==== Subject-Verb-Object ====
 
==== Questions and Negations ====
 
=== Pronouns and Possessives ====
 
==== Personal Pronouns ====
 
==== Possessive Pronouns ====
 
=== Adjectives and Adverbs ====
 
==== Describing People and Things ====
 
==== Describing Actions ====
 
=== Prepositions and Conjunctions ====
 
==== Location and Direction ====
 
==== Connecting Ideas ====
 
=== Comparatives and Superlatives ====
 
==== Making Comparisons ====
 
==== Expressing the Best and the Worst ====
 
=== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ====
 
== Basic Sentence Structure ==
 
Understanding the basic sentence structure is crucial as it forms the backbone of communication in Yue Chinese. The typical structure follows the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) format.
 
=== Subject-Verb-Object ===
 
The Subject-Verb-Object structure is the most common way to form sentences in Yue Chinese. Here’s how it works:
 
* '''Subject''': The person or thing performing the action.
 
* '''Verb''': The action being performed.
 
* '''Object''': The person or thing receiving the action.
 
Here are 20 examples illustrating this structure:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 我吃苹果 || Ngóh chīng pìnggwó || I eat an apple
 
|-
 
| 他看书 || Tā hon syū || He reads a book
 
|-
 
| 她喝水 || Tā hōk seoi || She drinks water
 
|-
 
| 我们学习中文 || Ngóhdeih hok jaang jūngmán || We study Chinese
 
|-
 
| 你打篮球 || Néih dáa làahnchàuh || You play basketball
 
|-
 
| 他们听音乐 || Tāmdou tīng yīngyuk || They listen to music
 
|-
 
| 我做饭 || Ngóh joh faan || I cook rice
 
|-
 
| 她看电视 || Tā hon dinseih || She watches TV
 
|-
 
| 他写信 || Tā séh seun || He writes a letter
 
|-
 
| 我们一起跳舞 || Ngóhdeih yātchīh tiuh móuh || We dance together
 
|-
 
| 你买东西 || Néih máai dōngxī || You buy things
 
|-
 
| 她教中文 || Tā gaau jūngmán || She teaches Chinese
 
|-
 
| 我们去商店 || Ngóhdeih heoi sēungdim || We go to the store
 
|-
 
| 他喜欢音乐 || Tā hei fūn yīngyuk || He likes music
 
|-
 
| 她吃晚饭 || Tā chīng māan faan || She eats dinner
 
|-
 
| 我读书 || Ngóh duk syū || I read a book
 
|-
 
| 你看电影 || Néih hon dinjeng || You watch a movie
 
|-
 
| 他们走路 || Tāmdou jáu louh || They walk
 
|-
 
| 我跑步 || Ngóh páau bouh || I run
 
|-
 
| 她唱歌 || Tā cheung gō || She sings
 
|}
 
=== Questions and Negations ===
 
Questions and negations are essential for effective communication. Let’s explore how to form questions and negate statements.
 
'''Questions''' can be formed in several ways:
 
1. '''Using a question particle''': Add the particle "吗" (ma) at the end of a statement.
 
2. '''Question words''': Use specific words like "什么" (sam1mo1, what), "哪里" (naai5lei5, where), etc.
 
'''Negations''' are typically formed using the words "不" (bat1, no/not) or "没" (mòuh, not have).
 
Here are examples of questions and negations:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 你好吗？ || Néih hóu ma? || How are you?
 
|-
 
| 他在吗？ || Tā joi ma? || Is he here?
 
|-
 
| 她是谁？ || Tā si shéi? || Who is she?
 
|-
 
| 你喜欢什么？ || Néih hei fūn sam1mo1? || What do you like?
 
|-
 
| 我可以去吗？ || Ngóh hóyíh heoi ma? || Can I go?
 
|-
 
| 你不吃苹果 || Néih bāt chīng pìnggwó || You do not eat apples
 
|-
 
| 他没有钱 || Tā mòuh chín || He does not have money
 
|-
 
| 她不在家 || Tā bāt joi gā || She is not at home
 
|-
 
| 我不喜欢这个 || Ngóh bāt hei fūn jīgo || I do not like this
 
|-
 
| 他们没来 || Tāmdou mòuh lài || They did not come
 
|}
 
== Pronouns and Possessives ==
 
Pronouns and possessives are vital for indicating ownership and referring to people or things without repeating their names.
 
=== Personal Pronouns ===
 
Personal pronouns in Yue Chinese can be categorized into singular and plural forms.
 
Here are the personal pronouns:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Pronoun Type !! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 1st Person Singular || 我 || Ngóh || I
 
|-
 
| 1st Person Plural || 我们 || Ngóhdeih || We
 
|-
 
| 2nd Person Singular || 你 || Néih || You
 
|-
 
| 2nd Person Plural || 你们 || Néihdeih || You (plural)
 
|-
 
| 3rd Person Singular (male) || 他 || Tā || He
 
|-
 
| 3rd Person Singular (female) || 她 || Tā || She
 
|-
 
| 3rd Person Plural || 他们 || Tāmdou || They
 
|}
 
=== Possessive Pronouns ===
 
To express possession, we use possessive pronouns. In Yue Chinese, we add "的" (dī) after the personal pronoun.
 
Here are some examples of possessive pronouns:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Possessive Pronoun !! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| My || 我的 || Ngóh dī || My
 
|-
 
| Your || 你的 || Néih dī || Your
 
|-
 
| His || 他的 || Tā dī || His
 
|-
 
| Her || 她的 || Tā dī || Her
 
|-
 
| Our || 我们的 || Ngóhdeih dī || Our
 
|-
 
| Their || 他们的 || Tāmdou dī || Their
 
|}
 
== Adjectives and Adverbs ==
 
Adjectives and adverbs enrich our language, allowing us to give more detail and express emotions.
 
=== Describing People and Things ===
 
Adjectives are used to describe nouns. In Yue Chinese, adjectives typically precede the noun.
 
Examples of adjectives describing people and things:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 漂亮的女孩 || Piūliuh dī neoi5haai2 || Beautiful girl
 
|-
 
| 高的建筑 || Gōu dī gin3zuk1 || Tall building
 
|-
 
| 聪明的学生 || Cūngmíng dī hoksaang || Smart student
 
|-
 
| 可爱的狗 || Hóuoi dī gáu || Cute dog
 
|-
 
| 有趣的书 || Yáuhcyù dī syū || Interesting book
 
|-
 
| 幸福的家庭 || Hahngfuk dī gāting || Happy family
 
|-
 
| 新的车 || Sān dī chē || New car
 
|-
 
| 旧的桌子 || Gau dī coek3zí || Old table
 
|-
 
| 漂亮的衣服 || Piūliuh dī jīfuk || Beautiful clothes
 
|-
 
| 快的火车 || Faai dī fóche || Fast train
 
|}
 
=== Describing Actions ===
 
Adverbs modify verbs, providing context about how an action is performed. In Yue Chinese, adverbs usually precede the verb.
 
Here are examples of adverbs:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 她跑得快 || Tā páau dāk faai || She runs fast
 
|-
 
| 我说得好 || Ngóh syut dāk hóu || I speak well
 
|-
 
| 他走得慢 || Tā jáu dāk maan || He walks slowly
 
|-
 
| 她唱得好听 || Tā cheung dāk hóutīng || She sings beautifully
 
|-
 
| 我们一起工作 || Ngóhdeih yātchīh gungzok || We work together
 
|-
 
| 他们玩得开心 || Tāmdou wán dāk hōisām || They play happily
 
|-
 
| 我写得快 || Ngóh séh dāk faai || I write quickly
 
|-
 
| 她看得仔细 || Tā hon dāk zísai || She looks carefully
 
|-
 
| 他跳得高 || Tā tiuh dāk gōu || He jumps high
 
|-
 
| 我们学习得认真 || Ngóhdeih hokjaah dāk yīngjan || We study seriously
 
|}
 
== Prepositions and Conjunctions ==
 
Prepositions and conjunctions are essential for connecting ideas and providing context in sentences.
 
=== Location and Direction ===
 
Prepositions indicate the relationship between nouns. Here are some common prepositions used in Yue Chinese:
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 在 || Joi || At/In
 
|-
 
| 从 || Cùng || From
 
|-
 
| 到 || Dou || To
 
|-
 
| 在…上 || Joi…seung || On
 
|-
 
| 在…下 || Joi…ha || Under
 
|-
 
| 在…旁边 || Joi…pòhngbīn || Next to
 
|-
 
| 在…前面 || Joi…chìhnmin || In front of
 
|-
 
| 在…后面 || Joi…hauhmin || Behind
 
|-
 
| 往 || Wóng || Towards
 
|-


Yue Chinese, also known as Cantonese, is a major branch of Chinese language spoken mainly in Guangdong province, Hong Kong, and Macau. Within this course, you have learned essential sentence structures, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, and much more, making it possible for you to communicate effectively in Yue Chinese.
| 经过 || Gīnggwo || Through


<p><i>This lesson is designed to consolidate all the grammar concepts introduced in the previous lessons, and provide a final overview of the language before you move on to the next level.</i></p>
|}


<h2>Basic Structures Review</h2>
=== Connecting Ideas ===


<p>To begin, let's go over the basic sentence structure in Yue Chinese. A typical sentence structure in Yue Chinese consists of the subject, verb, and object. The subject is placed at the beginning of the sentence, followed by the verb, and then the object. Below are some examples:</p>
Conjunctions link words and phrases. Here are some common conjunctions:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
|-
| 和 || Wòh || And
|-
|-
| 我食餐 (ngo5 sik6 caan1) || /ŋɔː˨˩sik˥ tsʰaːn˥/ || I eat a meal.
 
| 或者 || Wòhje || Or
 
|-
|-
| 佢唔識講廣東話 (keoi5 m4 sik1 gong2 gwong2 dung1 waa6) || /kʰɵy˥ m̩˩ seik˥ kɔŋ˥ kʷɔːŋ˩ tʊŋ˥ waː˧/ || He cannot speak Cantonese.
 
| 但是 || Dānsī || But
 
|-
|-
| 佢唔識飲啡 (keoi5 m4 sik1 jam2 fe1) || /kʰɵy˥ m̩˩ seik˥ jɐm˩ fei̯ː˧/ || He doesn't know how to drink coffee.
 
| 如果 || Yùhgō || If
 
|-
 
| 因为 || Yānwèi || Because
 
|-
 
| 所以 || Sóyí || So
 
|}
|}


<p><i>Notice how in these examples, the subject always comes first, followed by the verb and then the object. This is a standard sentence structure that you will see frequently in your interactions in Yue Chinese.</i></p>
== Comparatives and Superlatives ==


<h2>Pronouns Review</h2>
Comparatives and superlatives allow us to express differences and extremes.


<p>Pronouns are essential in any language as they help to refer to people, objects or ideas. In Yue Chinese, there are different pronouns which weave into the various sentence structures that you’ve learned so far. Let’s go over some of the most important ones:</p>
=== Making Comparisons ===


<ul>
To make comparisons, we use “比” (béi) followed by the adjective.
<li>我 (ngo5) - I</li>
<li>你 (nei5) - You</li>
<li>佢 (keoi5) - He/She/It</li>
<li>咩 (me1) - What</li>
<li>係 (hai6) - Is/am/are</li>
<li>唔係 (m4 hai6) - Is/am/are not</li>
</ul>


<p><i>Pronouns allow for smoother communication, especially when used with the correct sentence structures, as they add clarity and focus to your assertions.</i></p>
{| class="wikitable"


<h2>Verb Usage Review</h2>
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English


<p>In Yue Chinese, we have different types of verbs that are used in different sentence structures. The two primary types of verbs are Action and Stative verbs. Action verbs describe action and have tense, while Stative verbs describe a state of being and do not change tense. It’s important to differentiate between these two types of verbs as they are used differently in the sentence structures. Below are examples of Action and Stative verb usage:</p>
|-


<h3>Action Verbs</h3>
| 他比我高 || Tā béi ngóh gōu || He is taller than me


<table class="wikitable">
|-
<caption>Action Verbs</caption>
<tr>
<th>Yue Chinese</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>食飯 (sik6 faan6)</td>
<td>/sɪk̚˥ faːn˥/</td>
<td>To eat a meal</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>買嘢 (maai5 je5)</td>
<td>/maːi˧ jɛː˨˩/</td>
<td>To buy things</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>訓覺 (fan3 gaau3)</td>
<td>/faːn˥ kaːu˥/</td>
<td>To sleep</td>
</tr>
</table>


<h3>Stative Verbs</h3>
| 这本书比那本书贵 || Jē bun syū béi nā bun syū gwai || This book is more expensive than that one


<table class="wikitable">
|-
<caption>Stative Verbs</caption>
<tr>
<th>Yue Chinese</th>
<th>Pronunciation</th>
<th>English Translation</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>識 (sik1)</td>
<td>/sɪk̚˥˧/</td>
<td>To know</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>係 (hai6)</td>
<td>/hɔːi̯²²/</td>
<td>To be</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>鍾意 (zung1 ji3)</td>
<td>/t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵ jiː³³/</td>
<td>To like</td>
</tr>
</table>


<p><i>Remember to use the correct verb type to avoid confusion when speaking Yue Chinese. Always keep in mind that the use of the wrong verb type can alter the meaning of the sentence.</i></p>
| 她比他聪明 || Tā béi tā cūngmíng || She is smarter than him


<h2>Particle Usage Review</h2>
|-


<p>Particles in Yue Chinese are used to convey additional meaning or emotion to the speaker's words. They are often placed at the end of a sentence and work in conjunction with other sentence structures, such as particles and question words. Below are some commonly used particles:</p>
| 这个房子比那个便宜 || Jīgo fòngzi béi nāgo piàhnjì || This house is cheaper than that one


<ul>
|-
<li>呢 (ni1) - Used to express emphasis or a question</li>
<li>嘅 (ge3) - Used to indicate possession</li>
<li>啦 (laa1) - Used to express an assertion or request</li>
<li>咋 (zaa3) - Used to show an exclamation</li>
<li>欖 (laam2) - Used to show continued action or ongoing state</li>
</ul>


<p><i>Particles add depth and emotion to your assertions; however, they should be used wisely. Overusing them may create confusion or imply mixed messaging, leading to communication breakdowns.</i></p>
| 我的包比你的包大 || Ngóh dī bāau béi néih dī bāau daaih || My bag is bigger than your bag


<h2>Adjective Usage Review</h2>
|}
 
=== Expressing the Best and the Worst ===
 
To express the best or worst, we use the structure “最” (jeui) before the adjective.
 
{| class="wikitable"
 
! Yue Chinese !! Pronunciation !! English
 
|-
 
| 她是最聪明的学生 || Tā si jeui cūngmíng dī hoksaang || She is the smartest student
 
|-
 
| 这个城市是最美的 || Jīgo chéngsih si jeui méi dī || This city is the most beautiful
 
|-
 
| 他是最好的朋友 || Tā si jeui hóu dī pàngyáuh || He is the best friend
 
|-
 
| 这条河是最长的 || Jē tiu hòh si jeui chòhng dī || This river is the longest
 
|-
 
| 她的歌是最好听的 || Tā dī gō si jeui hóutīng dī || Her song is the most beautiful


<p>Adjectives can be used in Yue Chinese to describe a person, place, thing, or situation. They are usually placed before the noun and are not conjugated for grammatical correctness. Below are some commonly used adjectives:</p>
|}


<ul>
== Exercises and Practice Scenarios ==
<li>好 (hou2) - Good</li>
<li>紅 (hung4) - Red</li>
<li>大 (daai6) - Big</li>
<li>細 (sai3) - Small</li>
<li>高 (gou1) - Tall</li>
<li>矮 (aai2) - Short</li>
</ul>


<p><i>Adjectives are useful in differentiating between similar objects, and in expressing your opinion about something. Remember to use them properly in the sentence structure to avoid miscommunication.</i></p>
Now, let’s put your understanding to the test! Here are some exercises designed to help you practice the grammar concepts we've covered.


<h2>Questions Review</h2>
=== Exercise 1: Forming Sentences ===


<p>Asking questions in Yue Chinese is made possible by using question words. They are inserted into the sentence structure to indicate curiosity or clarification. Below are some commonly used question words:</p>
Convert the following subjects and verbs into complete sentences using the SVO structure.


<ul>
1. 我 / 吃 / 水果
<li>邊個 (bin1 go3) - Who</li>
<li>點解 (dim2 gaai2) - Why</li>
<li>幾時 (gei2 si4) - When</li>
<li>點樣 (dim2 joeng6) - How</li>
</ul>


<p><i>By asking questions in Yue Chinese, you display an intention to connect with those around you, and to learn more about them.</i></p>
2. 她 / 看 / 电影


<h2>Conclusion</h2>
3. 他们 / 玩 / 游戏


<p>Congratulations on completing this course; you now have the skills to navigate and communicate successfully in Yue Chinese. By consolidating the grammar concepts learned in the past few lessons, we hope that you now have a deeper understanding of the language as a whole. Keep practicing and speaking with native speakers, and you will soon master the nuances of Yue Chinese.</p>
4. 你 / 写 / 信


<h2>Sources</h2>
5. 我们 / 学习 / 英语
<ul>
 
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li>
==== Answers ====
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yue_Chinese">Yue Chinese</a></li>
 
</ul>
1. 我吃水果。 (Ngóh chīng seoi2gwó.)
 
2. 她看电影。 (Tā hon dinjeng.)
 
3. 他们玩游戏。 (Tāmdou wán yáuhsih.)
 
4. 你写信。 (Néih séh seun.)
 
5. 我们学习英语。 (Ngóhdeih hok jaang yīngjyu.)
 
=== Exercise 2: Formulating Questions ===
 
Convert the following statements into questions.
 
1. 你喜欢苹果。
 
2. 他在家。
 
3. 她是老师。
 
4. 我有钱。
 
5. 他们来。
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 你喜欢苹果吗？ (Néih hei fūn pìnggwó ma?)
 
2. 他在家吗？ (Tā joi gā ma?)
 
3. 她是老师吗？ (Tā si lóuhsī ma?)
 
4. 我有钱吗？ (Ngóh yáuh chín ma?)
 
5. 他们来吗？ (Tāmdou lài ma?)
 
=== Exercise 3: Negation Practice ===
 
Negate the following sentences.
 
1. 我吃米饭。
 
2. 她喝水。
 
3. 他看书。
 
4. 我们去旅行。
 
5. 你喜欢这个。
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 我不吃米饭。 (Ngóh bāt chīng máifàn.)
 
2. 她不喝水。 (Tā bāt hōk seoi.)
 
3. 他不看书。 (Tā bāt hon syū.)
 
4. 我们不去旅行。 (Ngóhdeih bāt heoi leuihng.)
 
5. 你不喜欢这个。 (Néih bāt hei fūn jīgo.)
 
=== Exercise 4: Using Pronouns ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences using the correct pronouns.
 
1. John and I are friends.
 
2. Lisa is a teacher.
 
3. The book belongs to Mary.
 
4. Tom and Jerry are here.
 
5. The car is mine.
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 我和John是朋友。 (Ngóh wòh John si pàngyáuh.)
 
2. Lisa是老师。 (Lisa si lóuhsī.)
 
3. 这本书是Mary的。 (Jē bun syū si Mary dī.)
 
4. Tom和Jerry在这里。 (Tom wòh Jerry joi jēleih.)
 
5. 这辆车是我的。 (Jē leuhng chē si ngóh dī.)
 
=== Exercise 5: Adjective and Adverb Placement ===
 
Fill in the blanks with appropriate adjectives or adverbs.
 
1. 这只狗很____(可爱)。
 
2. 她跑得____(快)。
 
3. 这个城市非常____(美)。
 
4. 他唱歌唱得____(好听)。
 
5. 这件衣服很____(新)。
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 这只狗很可爱。(Jē jī gāu hén hóuoi.)
 
2. 她跑得快。(Tā páau dāk faai.)
 
3. 这个城市非常美。(Jīgo chéngsih fēichèng méi.)
 
4. 他唱歌唱得好听。(Tā cheung gō cheung dāk hóutīng.)
 
5. 这件衣服很新。(Jē gin jīfuk hén sān.)
 
=== Exercise 6: Prepositions Practice ===
 
Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.
 
1. 我在学校____学习。(joi)
 
2. 他往____商店走。(wóng)
 
3. 书在桌子____。(joi)
 
4. 她从家____来。(cùng)
 
5. 我们在公园____玩。(joi)
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 我在学校学习。(Ngóh joi hokhaau hokjaah.)
 
2. 他往商店走。(Tā wóng sēungdim jáu.)
 
3. 书在桌子上。(Syū joi coek3zí seung.)
 
4. 她从家来。(Tā cùng gā lái.)
 
5. 我们在公园玩。(Ngóhdeih joi gūngyun wán.)
 
=== Exercise 7: Comparatives ===
 
Rewrite the following sentences using comparatives.
 
1. 这本书比那本书贵。
 
2. 她比我高。
 
3. 我的车比你的车快。
 
4. 这个城市比那个城市大。
 
5. 我的狗比你的狗聪明。
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 这本书比那本书贵。(Jē bun syū béi nā bun syū gwai.)
 
2. 她比我高。(Tā béi ngóh gōu.)
 
3. 我的车比你的车快。(Ngóh dī chē béi néih dī chē faai.)
 
4. 这个城市比那个城市大。(Jīgo chéngsih béi nāgo chéngsih daaih.)
 
5. 我的狗比你的狗聪明。(Ngóh dī gāu béi néih dī gāu cūngmíng.)
 
=== Exercise 8: Superlatives ===
 
Construct sentences using superlatives.
 
1. 这是我最喜欢的书。
 
2. 她是最聪明的学生。
 
3. 这个城市是最美的。
 
4. 他的车是最快的。
 
5. 她是最好的朋友。
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 这是我最喜欢的书。(Jē si ngóh jeui hei fūn dī syū.)
 
2. 她是最聪明的学生。(Tā si jeui cūngmíng dī hoksaang.)
 
3. 这个城市是最美的。(Jīgo chéngsih si jeui méi dī.)
 
4. 他的车是最快的。(Tā dī chē si jeui faai dī.)
 
5. 她是最好的朋友。(Tā si jeui hóu dī pàngyáuh.)
 
=== Exercise 9: Combining Sentences ===
 
Combine the following sentences using conjunctions.
 
1. 我喜欢苹果。你喜欢香蕉。
 
2. 他是老师。她是医生。
 
3. 我们去商店。我们还要去公园。
 
4. 你喜欢运动。你也喜欢看电影。
 
5. 她很聪明。她很努力。
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 我喜欢苹果和你喜欢香蕉。(Ngóh hei fūn pìnggwó wòh néih hei fūn bāanā.)
 
2. 他是老师但是她是医生。(Tā si lóuhsī dānsī tā si yīsgē.)
 
3. 我们去商店和我们还要去公园。(Ngóhdeih heoi sēungdim wòh ngóhdeih hái yiu heoi gūngyun.)
 
4. 你喜欢运动或者你也喜欢看电影。(Néih hei fūn wàhnduhng wòh néih yéuh hei fūn hon dinjeng.)
 
5. 她很聪明而且她很努力。(Tā hén cūngmíng yìhchíh tā hén nǔlì.)
 
=== Exercise 10: Translation Practice ===
 
Translate the following sentences into Yue Chinese.
 
1. He eats rice.
 
2. They are my friends.
 
3. We are going to the market.
 
4. She sings beautifully.
 
5. This book is interesting.
 
==== Answers ====
 
1. 他吃米饭。(Tā chīng máifàn.)
 
2. 他们是我的朋友。(Tāmdou si ngóh dī pàngyáuh.)
 
3. 我们要去市场。(Ngóhdeih yiu heoi síhcháng.)
 
4. 她唱得好听。(Tā cheung dāk hóutīng.)
 
5. 这本书很有趣。(Jē bun syū hén yáuhcyù.)
 
Congratulations on completing this comprehensive review of Yue Chinese grammar! Keep practicing these concepts, and soon you will communicate with confidence and clarity. Remember, language learning is a journey, and with each step, you’re getting closer to fluency!


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|keywords=Yue Chinese, Cantonese, grammar, review, action verbs, stative verbs, examples, particles, adjectives, questions, syntax
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|title=Yue Chinese Grammar Comprehensive Review


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|description=In this lesson, you will learn the essential grammar concepts in Yue Chinese, including sentence structure, pronouns, adjectives, and more. Engage in exercises to solidify your understanding.


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==Related Lessons==
==Other Lessons==
* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Nouns|Nouns]]
* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Verb-Tense|Verb Tense]]
* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Verb-Tense|Verb Tense]]
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* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Future-Tense|Future Tense]]
* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Possibility-and-Certainty|Possibility and Certainty]]
* [[Language/Yue-chinese/Grammar/Possibility-and-Certainty|Possibility and Certainty]]


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Latest revision as of 01:35, 1 August 2024


3BA6641D-6B53-4D40-A445-E14E1BE72CCF.png
Yue Chinese → Grammar → 0 to A1 Course → Comprehensive Review

Welcome to the comprehensive review of Yue Chinese grammar! This lesson is an essential part of our "Complete 0 to A1 Yue Chinese Course." As you embark on your journey to learn Yue Chinese, understanding the grammar is like laying a solid foundation for a house. It’s crucial because grammar helps you construct sentences, express your thoughts, and communicate effectively.

In this lesson, we will revisit the key grammar concepts covered throughout the course, ensuring you have a thorough understanding of how to use them in practical contexts. We will break down each concept, provide numerous examples to illustrate clarity, and offer exercises to reinforce your learning.

The structure of this lesson is as follows:

Basic Sentence Structure[edit | edit source]

Subject-Verb-Object[edit | edit source]

Questions and Negations[edit | edit source]

Pronouns and Possessives =[edit | edit source]

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Adjectives and Adverbs =[edit | edit source]

Describing People and Things[edit | edit source]

Describing Actions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions and Conjunctions =[edit | edit source]

Location and Direction[edit | edit source]

Connecting Ideas[edit | edit source]

Comparatives and Superlatives =[edit | edit source]

Making Comparisons[edit | edit source]

Expressing the Best and the Worst[edit | edit source]

Exercises and Practice Scenarios =[edit | edit source]

Basic Sentence Structure[edit | edit source]

Understanding the basic sentence structure is crucial as it forms the backbone of communication in Yue Chinese. The typical structure follows the Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) format.

Subject-Verb-Object[edit | edit source]

The Subject-Verb-Object structure is the most common way to form sentences in Yue Chinese. Here’s how it works:

  • Subject: The person or thing performing the action.
  • Verb: The action being performed.
  • Object: The person or thing receiving the action.

Here are 20 examples illustrating this structure:

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
我吃苹果 Ngóh chīng pìnggwó I eat an apple
他看书 Tā hon syū He reads a book
她喝水 Tā hōk seoi She drinks water
我们学习中文 Ngóhdeih hok jaang jūngmán We study Chinese
你打篮球 Néih dáa làahnchàuh You play basketball
他们听音乐 Tāmdou tīng yīngyuk They listen to music
我做饭 Ngóh joh faan I cook rice
她看电视 Tā hon dinseih She watches TV
他写信 Tā séh seun He writes a letter
我们一起跳舞 Ngóhdeih yātchīh tiuh móuh We dance together
你买东西 Néih máai dōngxī You buy things
她教中文 Tā gaau jūngmán She teaches Chinese
我们去商店 Ngóhdeih heoi sēungdim We go to the store
他喜欢音乐 Tā hei fūn yīngyuk He likes music
她吃晚饭 Tā chīng māan faan She eats dinner
我读书 Ngóh duk syū I read a book
你看电影 Néih hon dinjeng You watch a movie
他们走路 Tāmdou jáu louh They walk
我跑步 Ngóh páau bouh I run
她唱歌 Tā cheung gō She sings

Questions and Negations[edit | edit source]

Questions and negations are essential for effective communication. Let’s explore how to form questions and negate statements.

Questions can be formed in several ways:

1. Using a question particle: Add the particle "吗" (ma) at the end of a statement.

2. Question words: Use specific words like "什么" (sam1mo1, what), "哪里" (naai5lei5, where), etc.

Negations are typically formed using the words "不" (bat1, no/not) or "没" (mòuh, not have).

Here are examples of questions and negations:

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
你好吗？ Néih hóu ma? How are you?
他在吗？ Tā joi ma? Is he here?
她是谁？ Tā si shéi? Who is she?
你喜欢什么？ Néih hei fūn sam1mo1? What do you like?
我可以去吗？ Ngóh hóyíh heoi ma? Can I go?
你不吃苹果 Néih bāt chīng pìnggwó You do not eat apples
他没有钱 Tā mòuh chín He does not have money
她不在家 Tā bāt joi gā She is not at home
我不喜欢这个 Ngóh bāt hei fūn jīgo I do not like this
他们没来 Tāmdou mòuh lài They did not come

Pronouns and Possessives[edit | edit source]

Pronouns and possessives are vital for indicating ownership and referring to people or things without repeating their names.

Personal Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Personal pronouns in Yue Chinese can be categorized into singular and plural forms.

Here are the personal pronouns:

Pronoun Type Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
1st Person Singular 我 Ngóh I
1st Person Plural 我们 Ngóhdeih We
2nd Person Singular 你 Néih You
2nd Person Plural 你们 Néihdeih You (plural)
3rd Person Singular (male) 他 Tā He
3rd Person Singular (female) 她 Tā She
3rd Person Plural 他们 Tāmdou They

Possessive Pronouns[edit | edit source]

To express possession, we use possessive pronouns. In Yue Chinese, we add "的" (dī) after the personal pronoun.

Here are some examples of possessive pronouns:

Possessive Pronoun Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
My 我的 Ngóh dī My
Your 你的 Néih dī Your
His 他的 Tā dī His
Her 她的 Tā dī Her
Our 我们的 Ngóhdeih dī Our
Their 他们的 Tāmdou dī Their

Adjectives and Adverbs[edit | edit source]

Adjectives and adverbs enrich our language, allowing us to give more detail and express emotions.

Describing People and Things[edit | edit source]

Adjectives are used to describe nouns. In Yue Chinese, adjectives typically precede the noun.

Examples of adjectives describing people and things:

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
漂亮的女孩 Piūliuh dī neoi5haai2 Beautiful girl
高的建筑 Gōu dī gin3zuk1 Tall building
聪明的学生 Cūngmíng dī hoksaang Smart student
可爱的狗 Hóuoi dī gáu Cute dog
有趣的书 Yáuhcyù dī syū Interesting book
幸福的家庭 Hahngfuk dī gāting Happy family
新的车 Sān dī chē New car
旧的桌子 Gau dī coek3zí Old table
漂亮的衣服 Piūliuh dī jīfuk Beautiful clothes
快的火车 Faai dī fóche Fast train

Describing Actions[edit | edit source]

Adverbs modify verbs, providing context about how an action is performed. In Yue Chinese, adverbs usually precede the verb.

Here are examples of adverbs:

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
她跑得快 Tā páau dāk faai She runs fast
我说得好 Ngóh syut dāk hóu I speak well
他走得慢 Tā jáu dāk maan He walks slowly
她唱得好听 Tā cheung dāk hóutīng She sings beautifully
我们一起工作 Ngóhdeih yātchīh gungzok We work together
他们玩得开心 Tāmdou wán dāk hōisām They play happily
我写得快 Ngóh séh dāk faai I write quickly
她看得仔细 Tā hon dāk zísai She looks carefully
他跳得高 Tā tiuh dāk gōu He jumps high
我们学习得认真 Ngóhdeih hokjaah dāk yīngjan We study seriously

Prepositions and Conjunctions[edit | edit source]

Prepositions and conjunctions are essential for connecting ideas and providing context in sentences.

Location and Direction[edit | edit source]

Prepositions indicate the relationship between nouns. Here are some common prepositions used in Yue Chinese:

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
在 Joi At/In
从 Cùng From
到 Dou To
在…上 Joi…seung On
在…下 Joi…ha Under
在…旁边 Joi…pòhngbīn Next to
在…前面 Joi…chìhnmin In front of
在…后面 Joi…hauhmin Behind
往 Wóng Towards
经过 Gīnggwo Through

Connecting Ideas[edit | edit source]

Conjunctions link words and phrases. Here are some common conjunctions:

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
和 Wòh And
或者 Wòhje Or
但是 Dānsī But
如果 Yùhgō If
因为 Yānwèi Because
所以 Sóyí So

Comparatives and Superlatives[edit | edit source]

Comparatives and superlatives allow us to express differences and extremes.

Making Comparisons[edit | edit source]

To make comparisons, we use “比” (béi) followed by the adjective.

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
他比我高 Tā béi ngóh gōu He is taller than me
这本书比那本书贵 Jē bun syū béi nā bun syū gwai This book is more expensive than that one
她比他聪明 Tā béi tā cūngmíng She is smarter than him
这个房子比那个便宜 Jīgo fòngzi béi nāgo piàhnjì This house is cheaper than that one
我的包比你的包大 Ngóh dī bāau béi néih dī bāau daaih My bag is bigger than your bag

Expressing the Best and the Worst[edit | edit source]

To express the best or worst, we use the structure “最” (jeui) before the adjective.

Yue Chinese Pronunciation English
她是最聪明的学生 Tā si jeui cūngmíng dī hoksaang She is the smartest student
这个城市是最美的 Jīgo chéngsih si jeui méi dī This city is the most beautiful
他是最好的朋友 Tā si jeui hóu dī pàngyáuh He is the best friend
这条河是最长的 Jē tiu hòh si jeui chòhng dī This river is the longest
她的歌是最好听的 Tā dī gō si jeui hóutīng dī Her song is the most beautiful

Exercises and Practice Scenarios[edit | edit source]

Now, let’s put your understanding to the test! Here are some exercises designed to help you practice the grammar concepts we've covered.

Exercise 1: Forming Sentences[edit | edit source]

Convert the following subjects and verbs into complete sentences using the SVO structure.

1. 我 / 吃 / 水果

2. 她 / 看 / 电影

3. 他们 / 玩 / 游戏

4. 你 / 写 / 信

5. 我们 / 学习 / 英语

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 我吃水果。 (Ngóh chīng seoi2gwó.)

2. 她看电影。 (Tā hon dinjeng.)

3. 他们玩游戏。 (Tāmdou wán yáuhsih.)

4. 你写信。 (Néih séh seun.)

5. 我们学习英语。 (Ngóhdeih hok jaang yīngjyu.)

Exercise 2: Formulating Questions[edit | edit source]

Convert the following statements into questions.

1. 你喜欢苹果。

2. 他在家。

3. 她是老师。

4. 我有钱。

5. 他们来。

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 你喜欢苹果吗？ (Néih hei fūn pìnggwó ma?)

2. 他在家吗？ (Tā joi gā ma?)

3. 她是老师吗？ (Tā si lóuhsī ma?)

4. 我有钱吗？ (Ngóh yáuh chín ma?)

5. 他们来吗？ (Tāmdou lài ma?)

Exercise 3: Negation Practice[edit | edit source]

Negate the following sentences.

1. 我吃米饭。

2. 她喝水。

3. 他看书。

4. 我们去旅行。

5. 你喜欢这个。

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 我不吃米饭。 (Ngóh bāt chīng máifàn.)

2. 她不喝水。 (Tā bāt hōk seoi.)

3. 他不看书。 (Tā bāt hon syū.)

4. 我们不去旅行。 (Ngóhdeih bāt heoi leuihng.)

5. 你不喜欢这个。 (Néih bāt hei fūn jīgo.)

Exercise 4: Using Pronouns[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences using the correct pronouns.

1. John and I are friends.

2. Lisa is a teacher.

3. The book belongs to Mary.

4. Tom and Jerry are here.

5. The car is mine.

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 我和John是朋友。 (Ngóh wòh John si pàngyáuh.)

2. Lisa是老师。 (Lisa si lóuhsī.)

3. 这本书是Mary的。 (Jē bun syū si Mary dī.)

4. Tom和Jerry在这里。 (Tom wòh Jerry joi jēleih.)

5. 这辆车是我的。 (Jē leuhng chē si ngóh dī.)

Exercise 5: Adjective and Adverb Placement[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with appropriate adjectives or adverbs.

1. 这只狗很____(可爱)。

2. 她跑得____(快)。

3. 这个城市非常____(美)。

4. 他唱歌唱得____(好听)。

5. 这件衣服很____(新)。

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 这只狗很可爱。(Jē jī gāu hén hóuoi.)

2. 她跑得快。(Tā páau dāk faai.)

3. 这个城市非常美。(Jīgo chéngsih fēichèng méi.)

4. 他唱歌唱得好听。(Tā cheung gō cheung dāk hóutīng.)

5. 这件衣服很新。(Jē gin jīfuk hén sān.)

Exercise 6: Prepositions Practice[edit | edit source]

Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions.

1. 我在学校____学习。(joi)

2. 他往____商店走。(wóng)

3. 书在桌子____。(joi)

4. 她从家____来。(cùng)

5. 我们在公园____玩。(joi)

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 我在学校学习。(Ngóh joi hokhaau hokjaah.)

2. 他往商店走。(Tā wóng sēungdim jáu.)

3. 书在桌子上。(Syū joi coek3zí seung.)

4. 她从家来。(Tā cùng gā lái.)

5. 我们在公园玩。(Ngóhdeih joi gūngyun wán.)

Exercise 7: Comparatives[edit | edit source]

Rewrite the following sentences using comparatives.

1. 这本书比那本书贵。

2. 她比我高。

3. 我的车比你的车快。

4. 这个城市比那个城市大。

5. 我的狗比你的狗聪明。

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 这本书比那本书贵。(Jē bun syū béi nā bun syū gwai.)

2. 她比我高。(Tā béi ngóh gōu.)

3. 我的车比你的车快。(Ngóh dī chē béi néih dī chē faai.)

4. 这个城市比那个城市大。(Jīgo chéngsih béi nāgo chéngsih daaih.)

5. 我的狗比你的狗聪明。(Ngóh dī gāu béi néih dī gāu cūngmíng.)

Exercise 8: Superlatives[edit | edit source]

Construct sentences using superlatives.

1. 这是我最喜欢的书。

2. 她是最聪明的学生。

3. 这个城市是最美的。

4. 他的车是最快的。

5. 她是最好的朋友。

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 这是我最喜欢的书。(Jē si ngóh jeui hei fūn dī syū.)

2. 她是最聪明的学生。(Tā si jeui cūngmíng dī hoksaang.)

3. 这个城市是最美的。(Jīgo chéngsih si jeui méi dī.)

4. 他的车是最快的。(Tā dī chē si jeui faai dī.)

5. 她是最好的朋友。(Tā si jeui hóu dī pàngyáuh.)

Exercise 9: Combining Sentences[edit | edit source]

Combine the following sentences using conjunctions.

1. 我喜欢苹果。你喜欢香蕉。

2. 他是老师。她是医生。

3. 我们去商店。我们还要去公园。

4. 你喜欢运动。你也喜欢看电影。

5. 她很聪明。她很努力。

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 我喜欢苹果和你喜欢香蕉。(Ngóh hei fūn pìnggwó wòh néih hei fūn bāanā.)

2. 他是老师但是她是医生。(Tā si lóuhsī dānsī tā si yīsgē.)

3. 我们去商店和我们还要去公园。(Ngóhdeih heoi sēungdim wòh ngóhdeih hái yiu heoi gūngyun.)

4. 你喜欢运动或者你也喜欢看电影。(Néih hei fūn wàhnduhng wòh néih yéuh hei fūn hon dinjeng.)

5. 她很聪明而且她很努力。(Tā hén cūngmíng yìhchíh tā hén nǔlì.)

Exercise 10: Translation Practice[edit | edit source]

Translate the following sentences into Yue Chinese.

1. He eats rice.

2. They are my friends.

3. We are going to the market.

4. She sings beautifully.

5. This book is interesting.

Answers[edit | edit source]

1. 他吃米饭。(Tā chīng máifàn.)

2. 他们是我的朋友。(Tāmdou si ngóh dī pàngyáuh.)

3. 我们要去市场。(Ngóhdeih yiu heoi síhcháng.)

4. 她唱得好听。(Tā cheung dāk hóutīng.)

5. 这本书很有趣。(Jē bun syū hén yáuhcyù.)

Congratulations on completing this comprehensive review of Yue Chinese grammar! Keep practicing these concepts, and soon you will communicate with confidence and clarity. Remember, language learning is a journey, and with each step, you’re getting closer to fluency!

Table of Contents - Yue Chinese Course - 0 to A1[edit source]


Greetings and Introductions


Basic Sentence Structure


Numbers and Time


Pronouns and Possessives


Family and Relationships


Adjectives and Adverbs


Food and Dining


Prepositions and Conjunctions


Travel and Transportation


Verb Tenses and Aspects


Yue Chinese Customs and Traditions


Shopping and Services


Comparatives and Superlatives


Yue Chinese Art and Literature


Other Lessons[edit | edit source]



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